Issue_List_Form 问题列表
Form表单
Form表单由输⼊框、选择器、单选框、多选框等控件组成，⽤以收集、校验、提交数据典型表单包括各种表单项，⽐如输⼊框、选择器、开关、单选框、多选框等。
在 Form 组件中，每⼀个表单域由⼀个 Form-Item 组件构成，表单域中可以放置各种类型的表单控件，包括 Input、Select、Checkbox、Radio、Switch、DatePicker、TimePicker1<el-form ref="form" :model="form" label-width="80px">2<el-form-item label="活动名称">3<el-input v-model=""></el-input>4</el-form-item>5<el-form-item label="活动区域">6<el-select v-model="form.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">7<el-option label="区域⼀" value="shanghai"></el-option>8<el-option label="区域⼆" value="beijing"></el-option>9</el-select>10</el-form-item>11<el-form-item label="活动时间">12<el-col :span="11">13<el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择⽇期" v-model="form.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>14</el-col>15<el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>16<el-col :span="11">17<el-time-picker type="fixed-time" placeholder="选择时间" v-model="form.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>18</el-col>19</el-form-item>20<el-form-item label="即时配送">21<el-switch v-model="form.delivery"></el-switch>22</el-form-item>23<el-form-item label="活动性质">24<el-checkbox-group v-model="form.type">25<el-checkbox label="美⾷/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>26<el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>27<el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>28<el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>29</el-checkbox-group>30</el-form-item>31<el-form-item label="特殊资源">32<el-radio-group v-model="form.resource">33<el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>34<el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>35</el-radio-group>36</el-form-item>37<el-form-item label="活动形式">38<el-input type="textarea" v-model="form.desc"></el-input>39</el-form-item>40<el-form-item>41<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">⽴即创建</el-button>42<el-button>取消</el-button>43</el-form-item>44</el-form>45<script>46 export default {47 data() {48return {49 form: {50 name: '',51 region: '',52 date1: '',53 date2: '',54 delivery: false,55 type: [],56 resource: '',57 desc: ''58 }59 }60 },61 methods: {62 onSubmit() {63 console.log('submit!');64 }65 }66 }67</script>View CodeW3C 标准中有如下：When there is only one single-line text input field in a form, the user agent should accept Enter in that field as a request tosubmit the form.即：当⼀个 form 元素中只有⼀个输⼊框时，在该输⼊框中按下回车应提交该表单。
AUTHOR(S) OFFPRINT AND INDIVIDUAL ISSUE ORDER FORM
Elsevier [Ltd (Ireland)] Address: JASR, Elsevier Editorial-ProductionAUTHOR(S) OFFPRINT AND INDIVIDUAL ISSUE ORDER FORM Elsevier Ireland Ltd., Brookvale Plaza, East Park, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland (Fax: +44 8707628797)Please fill in:Meeting:Session: Our reference: JASR (COSPAR)Dear Author,We have pleasure in informing you that it will be possible to order offprints of your contribution as well as copies of the journal issue. The offprints will be made available as soon as possible after publication of the issue. Please note that if you do not return this form you will automatically receive a free PDF file of your published article.Please complete the following:TITLE OF ARTICLE ________________________________________________________________________________ A UTHOR’S NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ (if more than one author please indicate name of first author)Copies of the issue containing your article can be ordered at a reduced rate of EURO 40.00 per issue (pro rata for multiple issues). If you would like to take advantage of this offer please indicate below the number of copies required and complete the payment section below. I would like to order ............... copy/copies of the issue containing my/our article.Authors who accept to pay the production costs for illustrations to be published in colour will automatically receive an additional 100 free offprints.Please supply me with:WITHOUT COVERSWITH COVERS SIGNATURE .......................................................................................... DATE ................................................COSPARJan07 FOR PUBLISHER’S USE ONLY Volume ________ Issue ________ Pages (from) _______ (to) ______Covers are available for additional charged offprints, at the rates shown above. Please indicate on the order form the quantity required, either with or without covers. We regret that mixed orders, i.e., with and without covers, are not possible.ELSEVIEROFFPRINT TERMS OF DELIVERY1.These terms apply only to authors of articles appearing in this journal.2.Offprints can be ordered by filling in the Author(s) Offprint and Individual Issue Order Form and returning it toElsevier at the address or fax number given on the form. Offprints will be supplied only if this form iscompleted and returned. Receipt of offprint orders is not acknowledged.3.If you do not pay by credit card, your order must be accompanied by an Institutional Purchase Order (ifavailable); the reference number of which must be specified on the Offprint Order Form.4.Only the corresponding author will receive an order form. It is essential that the offprint requirements of all theauthors of a paper are included on this order form, as reprints ordered after publication are charged at 50% extra.5.Offprint orders received after the issue has been printed are treated as repeat orders costing 50% extra.6.Prices are subject to change without prior notice.7.Cancellation or return of an order will not be accepted after printing of the journal has been finalized.8.Claims for missing or damaged offprints must be made within six months of the date of publication of the issuein which your article appears.9.Any correspondence in connection with offprints (after publication) must state the name of the journal, titleand name of the corresponding author; and should be directed to the Elsevier address on the order form.10.Customers in countries where VAT or Sales Tax is applicable will be charged for any tax due, and registerednumbers must be given on the order form. US Sales Tax or exemption numbers are also required whereapplicable.。
EBS Form 开发问题集锦
1.
基础问题 ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Form Builder打开Form必须先连接数据库，否则直接关掉!......................... 1
5.1. 开发员模式错误, 出现 Oracle Applications 编码标准违例。......................12
6.
疑难杂症 ................................................................................................................... 13
4.1. APP-FND-00756: 无法查找组合 CCID=23379 CODE=MTLL SET=0 ....... 11 4.2. APP-FND-01048: WHERE子句’***’限制此组合的使用...............................11
5.
其他 ........................................................................................................................... 12
Open Issues.....................................................................................................................14 Closed Issues .................................................................................................................. 14
答案 制单：INVOICE、PACKINGLIST、FORM、 09
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Quantity
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ORTAI
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752-1231
Trolley Cases
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OCEAN FREIGHT
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FREIGHT
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INTEND VESSEL/VOYAGE
PORT OF LOADING
DALIAN CHINA
INV.NO
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21)SIGNED FOR OR ON BEHALF OF
THE CARRIER
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林达
AS CARRIER
LOADING ON BOARD THE VESSEL
mt4中文帮助命令中文手册
MQL4 Reference MQL4命令手册（本手册采用Office2007编写）2010年2月目录MQL4 Reference (1)MQL4命令手册 (1)Basics基础 (12)Syntax语法 (12)Comments注释 (12)Identifiers标识符 (12)Reserved words保留字 (13)Data types数据类型 (13)Type casting类型转换 (14)Integer constants整数常量 (14)Literal constants字面常量 (14)Boolean constants布尔常量 (15)Floating-point number constants (double)浮点数常量（双精度） (15)String constants字符串常量 (15)Color constants颜色常数 (16)Datetime constants日期时间常数 (16)Operations & Expressions操作表达式 (17)Expressions表达式 (17)Arithmetical operations算术运算 (17)Assignment operation赋值操作 (17)Operations of relation操作关系 (18)Boolean operations布尔运算 (18)Bitwise operations位运算 (19)Other operations其他运算 (19)Precedence rules优先规则 (20)Operators操作符 (21)Compound operator复合操作符 (21)Expression operator表达式操作符 (21)Break operator终止操作符 (21)Continue operator继续操作符 (22)Return operator返回操作符 (22)Conditional operator if-else条件操作符 (23)Switch operator跳转操作符 (23)Cycle operator while循环操作符while (24)Cycle operator for循环操作符for (24)Functions函数 (25)Function call函数调用 (26)Special functions特殊函数 (27)Variables变量 (27)Local variables局部变量 (28)Formal parameters形式变量 (28)Static variables静态变量 (29)Global variables全局变量 (29)Defining extern variables外部定义变量 (30)Initialization of variables初始化变量 (30)External functions definition外部函数的定义 (30)Preprocessor预处理 (31)Constant declaration常量声明 (31)Controlling compilation编译控制 (32)Including of files包含文件 (32)Importing of functions导入功能 (33)Standard constants标准常数 (35)Series arrays系列数组 (35)Timeframes图表周期时间 (35)Trade operations交易操作 (36)Price constants价格常数 (36)MarketInfo市场信息识别符 (36)Drawing styles画线风格 (37)Arrow codes预定义箭头 (38)Wingdings宋体 (39)Web colors颜色常数 (39)Indicator lines指标线 (40)Ichimoku Kinko Hyo (41)Moving Average methods移动平均方法 (41)MessageBox信息箱 (41)Object types对象类型 (43)Object properties对象属性 (44)Object visibility (45)Uninitialize reason codes撤销初始化原因代码 (45)Special constants特别常数 (46)Error codes错误代码 (46)Predefined variables预定义变量 (50)Ask最新卖价 (50)Bars柱数 (50)Bid最新买价 (50)Close[]收盘价 (51)Digits汇率小数位 (51)High[]最高价 (51)Low[]最低价 (52)Open[]开盘价 (53)Point点值 (53)Time[]开盘时间 (53)Volume[]成交量 (54)Program Run程序运行 (56)Program Run程序运行 (56)Imported functions call输入函数调用 (57)Runtime errors运行错误 (57)Account information账户信息 (68)AccountBalance( )账户余额 (68)AccountCredit( )账户信用点数 (68)AccountCompany( )账户公司名 (68)AccountCurrency( )基本货币 (68)AccountEquity( )账户资产净值 (68)AccountFreeMargin( )账户免费保证金 (69)AccountFreeMarginCheck()账户当前价格自由保证金 (69)AccountFreeMarginMode( )账户免费保证金模式 (69)AccountLeverage( )账户杠杆 (69)AccountMargin( )账户保证金 (69)AccountName( )账户名称 (70)AccountNumber( )账户数字 (70)AccountProfit( )账户利润 (70)AccountServer( )账户连接服务器 (70)AccountStopoutLevel( )账户停止水平值 (70)AccountStopoutMode( )账户停止返回模式 (71)Array functions数组函数 (72)ArrayBsearch()数组搜索 (72)ArrayCopy()数组复制 (72)ArrayCopyRates()数组复制走势 (73)ArrayCopySeries()数组复制系列走势 (74)ArrayDimension()返回数组维数 (75)ArrayGetAsSeries()返回数组序列 (75)ArrayInitialize()数组初始化 (75)ArrayIsSeries()判断数组连续 (75)ArrayMaximum()数组最大值定位 (76)ArrayMinimum()数组最小值定位 (76)ArrayRange()返回数组指定维数数量 (76)ArrayResize()改变数组维数 (77)ArraySetAsSeries()设定系列数组 (77)ArraySize()返回数组项目数 (78)ArraySort()数组排序 (78)Checkup检查 (79)GetLastError( )返回最后错误 (79)IsConnected( )返回联机状态 (79)IsDemo( )返回模拟账户 (79)IsDllsAllowed( )返回dll允许调用 (80)IsExpertEnabled( )返回智能交易开启状态 (80)IsLibrariesAllowed( )返回数据库函数调用 (80)IsOptimization( )返回策略测试中优化模式 (81)IsStopped( )返回终止业务 (81)IsTesting( )返回测试模式状态 (81)IsTradeAllowed( )返回允许智能交易 (81)IsTradeContextBusy( )返回其他智能交易忙 (82)IsVisualMode( )返回智能交易“图片模式” (82)UninitializeReason( )返回智能交易初始化原因 (82)Client terminal客户端信息 (83)TerminalCompany( )返回客户端所属公司 (83)TerminalName( )返回客户端名称 (83)TerminalPath( )返回客户端文件路径 (83)Common functions常规命令函数 (84)Alert弹出警告窗口 (84)Comment显示信息在走势图左上角 (84)GetTickCount获取时间标记 (84)MarketInfo在市场观察窗口返回不同数据保证金列表 (85)MessageBox创建信息窗口 (85)PlaySound播放声音 (86)Print窗口中显示文本 (86)SendFTP设置FTP (86)SendMail设置Email (87)Sleep指定的时间间隔内暂停交易业务 (87)Conversion functions格式转换函数 (88)CharToStr字符转换成字符串 (88)DoubleToStr双精度浮点转换成字符串 (88)NormalizeDouble给出环绕浮点值的精确度 (88)StrToDouble字符串型转换成双精度浮点型 (89)StrToInteger字符串型转换成整型 (89)StrToTime字符串型转换成时间型 (89)TimeToStr时间类型转换为"yyyy.mm.dd hh:mi"格式 (89)Custom indicators自定义指标 (91)IndicatorBuffers (91)IndicatorCounted (92)IndicatorDigits (92)IndicatorShortName (93)SetIndexArrow (94)SetIndexBuffer (94)SetIndexDrawBegin (95)SetIndexEmptyValue (95)SetIndexLabel (96)SetIndexShift (97)SetIndexStyle (98)SetLevelStyle (98)SetLevelValue (99)Date & Time functions日期时间函数 (100)Day (100)DayOfWeek (100)Hour (100)Minute (101)Month (101)Seconds (101)TimeCurrent (101)TimeDay (102)TimeDayOfWeek (102)TimeDayOfYear (102)TimeHour (102)TimeLocal (102)TimeMinute (103)TimeMonth (103)TimeSeconds (103)TimeYear (103)Year (104)File functions文件函数 (105)FileClose关闭文件 (105)FileDelete删除文件 (105)FileFlush将缓存中的数据刷新到磁盘上去 (106)FileIsEnding文件结尾 (106)FileIsLineEnding (107)FileOpen打开文件 (107)FileOpenHistory历史目录中打开文件 (108)FileReadArray将二进制文件读取到数组中 (108)FileReadDouble从文件中读取浮点型数据 (109)FileReadInteger从当前二进制文件读取整形型数据 (109)FileReadNumber (109)FileReadString从当前文件位置读取字串符 (110)FileSeek文件指针移动 (110)FileSize文件大小 (111)FileTell文件指针的当前位置 (111)FileWrite写入文件 (112)FileWriteArray一个二进制文件写入数组 (112)FileWriteDouble一个二进制文件以浮动小数点写入双重值 (113)FileWriteInteger一个二进制文件写入整数值 (113)FileWriteString当前文件位置函数写入一个二进制文件字串符 (114)Global variables全局变量 (115)GlobalVariableCheck (115)GlobalVariableDel (115)GlobalVariableGet (115)GlobalVariableName (116)GlobalVariableSet (116)GlobalVariableSetOnCondition (116)GlobalVariablesTotal (117)Math & Trig数学和三角函数 (119)MathAbs (119)MathArccos (119)MathArcsin (119)MathArctan (120)MathCeil (120)MathCos (120)MathExp (121)MathFloor (121)MathLog (122)MathMax (122)MathMin (122)MathMod (122)MathPow (123)MathRand (123)MathRound (123)MathSin (124)MathSqrt (124)MathSrand (124)MathTan (125)Object functions目标函数 (126)ObjectCreate建立目标 (126)ObjectDelete删除目标 (127)ObjectDescription目标描述 (127)ObjectFind查找目标 (127)ObjectGet目标属性 (128)ObjectGetFiboDescription斐波纳契描述 (128)ObjectGetShiftByValue (128)ObjectGetValueByShift (129)ObjectMove移动目标 (129)ObjectName目标名 (129)ObjectsDeleteAll删除所有目标 (130)ObjectSet改变目标属性 (130)ObjectSetFiboDescription改变目标斐波纳契指标 (131)ObjectSetText改变目标说明 (131)ObjectsTotal返回目标总量 (131)ObjectType返回目标类型 (132)String functions字符串函数 (133)StringConcatenate字符串连接 (133)StringFind字符串搜索 (133)StringGetChar字符串指定位置代码 (133)StringLen字符串长度 (134)StringSubstr提取子字符串 (134)StringTrimLeft (135)StringTrimRight (135)Technical indicators技术指标 (136)iAC比尔.威廉斯的加速器或减速箱振荡器 (136)iAD离散指标 (136)iAlligator比尔・威廉斯的鳄鱼指标 (136)iADX移动定向索引 (137)iATR平均真实范围 (137)iAO比尔.威廉斯的振荡器 (138)iBearsPower熊功率指标 (138)iBands保力加通道技术指标 (138)iBandsOnArray保力加通道指标 (139)iBullsPower牛市指标 (139)iCCI商品通道索引指标 (139)iCCIOnArray商品通道索引指标 (140)iCustom指定的客户指标 (140)iDeMarker (140)iEnvelopes包络指标 (141)iEnvelopesOnArray包络指标 (141)iForce强力索引指标 (142)iFractals分形索引指标 (142)iGator随机震荡指标 (142)iIchimoku (143)iBWMFI比尔.威廉斯市场斐波纳契指标 (143)iMomentum动量索引指标 (143)iMomentumOnArray (144)iMFI资金流量索引指标 (144)iMA移动平均指标 (144)iMAOnArray (145)iOsMA移动振动平均震荡器指标 (145)iMACD移动平均数汇总/分离指标 (146)iOBV能量潮指标 (146)iSAR抛物线状止损和反转指标 (146)iRSI相对强弱索引指标 (147)iRSIOnArray (147)iRVI相对活力索引指标 (147)iStdDev标准偏差指标 (148)iStdDevOnArray (148)iStochastic随机震荡指标 (148)iWPR威廉指标 (149)Timeseries access时间序列图表数据 (150)iBars柱的数量 (150)iClose (150)iHigh (151)iHighest (151)iLow (152)iLowest (152)iOpen (152)iTime (153)iVolume (153)Trading functions交易函数 (155)Execution errors (155)OrderClose (157)OrderCloseBy (158)OrderClosePrice (158)OrderCloseTime (158)OrderComment (159)OrderCommission (159)OrderDelete (159)OrderExpiration (160)OrderLots (160)OrderMagicNumber (160)OrderModify (160)OrderOpenPrice (161)OrderOpenTime (161)OrderPrint (162)OrderProfit (162)OrderSelect (162)OrderSend (163)OrdersHistoryTotal (164)OrderStopLoss (164)OrdersTotal (164)OrderSwap (165)OrderSymbol (165)OrderTakeProfit (165)OrderTicket (166)OrderType (166)Window functions窗口函数 (167)HideTestIndicators隐藏指标 (167)Period使用周期 (167)RefreshRates刷新预定义变量和系列数组的数据 (167)Symbol当前货币对 (168)WindowBarsPerChart可见柱总数 (168)WindowExpertName智能交易系统名称 (169)WindowFind返回名称 (169)WindowFirstVisibleBar第一个可见柱 (169)WindowHandle (169)WindowIsVisible图表在子窗口中可见 (170)WindowOnDropped (170)WindowPriceMax (170)WindowPriceMin (171)WindowPriceOnDropped (171)WindowRedraw (172)WindowScreenShot (172)WindowTimeOnDropped (173)WindowsTotal指标窗口数 (173)WindowXOnDropped (173)WindowYOnDropped (174)Obsolete functions过时的函数 (175)MetaQuotes Language 4 (MQL4) 是一种新的内置型程序用来编写交易策略。
外贸函电常用回复
1、Telex released b/l 电放提单2、for your reference 做为你的参考3、sign back 签回4、Pls see attachment 请看附件5、Pls sign back the telex releae letter . 请签回电放信6、Pls find attached SO for your reference (yr ref.) 请查收附件做为你的参考7、Pls make sure your cargo will send to our warehouse before tomorrow afternoon(18:00pm).请尽量将你的货在明天下午6点前送到我们的仓库8、Pls see attchment and cfm the b/l of XXX. 请收附件并且确认提单为XXX是否OK9、I receipted the telex released requirment , but no payment receipt , we can’t telex release this mail it to me hurry!我有收到电放函，但未收到付款收据，请尽快Email过来，否则我们不能电放此票货物。
10、Any further question, pls feel free to contact me, tks! 有任何问题，请及时联络我11、Enclosed booking form for yr ref, pls fill it out by return 附件所涵内容给你参考，请填好后回传给我12、Enclosed our airport warehouse address for yr send the cargo tomorrow morning请于明天早上送货，附件为飞机场仓库地址13、Pls find the attached , 1 filed for two TELEX RELEASE B/L to CHICAGO and check it ‘s OK or NOT 请收附件，我已电放好了去芝加哥的两票货物，请检查是否OK14、Have received 已有收到15、Received with tks. 收到，谢谢16、Received and will arrange 已收到且将会安排17、The s/o can use till next week. 这份S/O下星期也可以使用18、Please confirm the attached bill by 请确认附件并传回19、Please kindly advice yr PO#. 请提供PO号码20、Please find the attached invoice for yr 请查收附件中的付款单做参考21、I have release S/O to you , Pls received it . 我已有释放S/O给你，请查收。
Forms内置子程序
Forms内置子程序abort_query停止查询的执行add_group_column(recordgroup id 或name,groupcolumn)添加一个列到一个记录组，Record group idname,column type,column width)add_group_row(record group id 或name,row number)添加一个行到一个记录组，record group id是oracle赋予这个组的唯一的名称，rownumber指定了这个行在组中的位置.add_list_element(list name or list id,list index,list lable,list value)添加一项到下拉列表框,list name是list的名字,list index是添加到列表框的索引，list label指定了放入列表中的数值串,list value包含了列表标识所对应的数据库的数值.add_parameter(list或name,parameter,parametertype,value)添加一个参数到一个参数列表,参数列表是一个变量列表,这些变量将被伟给其他对象，list或name指定了这个列表的标识,parameter type(参数类型)包含两种可用数值：text_type是一串字符,data_parameter是一个指定已在form中定义的记录组的串.value是传给被调模块的实际数值.application_parameter 促使oracle显示Enter parameter values对话框。
关联了当前菜单form的参数按其数值被显示。
background_menu (1...10)从背景菜单中显示一个菜单项bell, 促使终址产生一个鸣叫(要有音响或耳机才能听以哦！)block_menu显示一个数值的列表，它包括有效块的名字和它们的序列号break停止form的执行，显示调试器.注:只能在调试模式时call_input接受并执行功能键输入checkbox_checked(name)返回一个真或假的值表示检查框的状态check_record_uniqueness被on_check_unique触发器调用时，为检查主关键字的唯一性而被始化form过程.clear_block从当前的块中清除记录.clear_eol从光标开始到些行结束清除文本项的值。
答案制单：INVOICE、PACKINGLIST、FORM、.doc
请根据银行来证及货物明细，缮制出口单据。
1．货物明细商品名称： Trolley Cases 货号： TS503214、TS503215、TS503216产地 Dalian China商标 TAISHAN包装 1 pc in 1 PE bag;3pcs/CTN箱子尺寸× 37 ×× × 82cm 48× ×箱子尺寸（总）净重 / 毛重（个） 4 KG/ KG/ 4KG 3 KG/净重 / 毛重（总） 4416KG/ KG 4596KG 4320KG/ 5040KG数量 1104PCS 1149PCS 1440PCS单价金额 USD7176 USD6894 USD8352集装箱容量Qty/40' FCL: 368ctns Qty/40' FCL: 383ctns Qty/40' FCL:480ctns补充：集装箱号分别为：COSCU5432156,COSCU5432157, COSCU5432158提单号码： COSBC083452发票号码：TSI0801005 发票日期：2008-8-5 授权签字人：张平装运船名：DONGFENG 航次：装船日期： 2008-8-23运输标志：ORTAITSI0601005NEW YORKC/原产地标准：“P”2．信用证相关内容27: Sequence of Total：1/140A: Form of Documentary Credit：IRREVOCABLE20: Documentary Credit Number：N5632405TH1180831C: Date of Issue：08071531D: Date and Place of Expiry：080909 CHINA51D: Applicant Bank：CITY NATIONAL BANK133 MORNINGSIDE AVE NEW YORK, NY 10027 Tel:00350: Applicant：ORTAI CO., LTD.30 EAST 40TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10016TEL:001-212- 992-9788 FAX: 001-212- 992-978959:Beneficiary ： DALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD. 66 ZHONGSHAN ROAD DALIAN 116001, CHINA TEL:0086-0441D: Available With/By：ANY BANK IN CHINA BY NEGOTIATION 42C: Drafts at：SIGHT42D: Drawee：ISSUING BANK43P: Partial Shipments：NOT ALLOWED43T: Transhipment ： NOT ALLOWED44E: Port Of Loading ： DALIAN,CHINA44F: Port Of Discharge ： NEW YORK, Latest Date of Shipment ：08082545A: Description of Goods and/or Services ：CIF NEWYORK TROLLEY CASES AS PER SC NO. TSSC080100546A: Documents Required+MANUALLY SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN 2 COPYES INDICATING L/C NO. AND CONTRACTNO. CERTIFYINGTHE CONTENTSIN THIS INVOICE ARE TRUEAND CORRECT.+FULL SET OF ORIGINAL CLEAN ON BOARD MARINE BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER, ENDORSED IN BLANK MARKED FREIGHT PREPAID AND NOYIFY APPLICANT+PACKING LIST IN 2 COPYES ISSUED BY THE BENEFICIARY+ORIGINAL GSP FORM A CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN ON OFFICIAL FORM ISSUED BY A TRADE AUTHORITY OR GOVERNMENT BODY+INSURANCE POLICIES OR CERTIFICATES IN DUPLICATE, ENDORSED INBANK FOR 110 PERCENT OF INVOICE VALUE COVERING ICC CLAUSES(A).+MANUFACTURER’SQUALITY CERTIFICATE CERTIFYING THECOMMODITY IS IN GOOD ORDER.+BENEFICIARY’S CERTIFICATE CERTIFYING THAT ONE SET OF COPIES OF SHIPPING DOCUMENTS HAS BEEN SENT TO APPLICANT WHTHIN 5 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT.47A: Additional Conditions+UNLESSOTHERWISEXPRESSLYSTATED, ALL DOCUMENTSMUSTBE IN ENGLISH. +ANY PROCEEDS OF PRESENTATIONS UNDER THIS DC WILL BE SETTLED BY TELETRANSMISSION AND A CHARGE OF (OR CURRENCY EQUIVALENT) WILL BE DEDUCTED.49: Confirmation Instructions：WITHOUT57D: Advise Through Bank：BANK OF CHINA DALIAN BRANCH72: Sender to Receiver Information：DOCUMENTS TO BE DESPATCHED BY COURIERSERVICE IN ONE LOT TO CITY NATIONAL BANK3．制单（ 1）商业发票COMMERCIAL INVOICE IssuerDALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD.66 ZHONGSHAN ROAD DALIAN 116001, CHINA TOORTAI CO., LTD.30 EAST 40TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10016 Transport DetailsFROM DALIAN CHINA TO NEW YORK BY SEAMarks and Numbers商业发票COMMERCIAL INVOICINVOICE NO. INVOICE DATE TSI0801005 ,2008 S/C NOL/C NOTSSC0801005 N5632405TH11808Quanti Unit AmounttyPriceORTAITrolley CasesCIF NEWYORK TSI0601005 TS503214 1104PCS PC NEW YORK TS5032151149PCS PCC/TS503216 1440PCS PCAS PER SC NO. TSSC0801005TOTALVALUEIN WORDS:SAY TWENTYTWOTHOUSANDFOUR HUNDREDANDTWENTYTWO ONLY.Description of GoodsWE HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE CONTENTS IN THIS INVOICE ARE TRUE AND CORDALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD.张平（备注：如果将张平写成英文或者“XXX”也给全分）(2) 装箱单PACKING LISTIssuer 装箱单DALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & PACKING LISTBAG CO., LTD.66 ZHONGSHAN ROADDALIAN 116001, CHINATO INVOICE NO. INVOICE DATE ORTAI CO., LTD. TSI0801005 ,200830 EAST 40TH STREET, NEWYORK,NY 10016Transport Details S/C NO L/C NOFROM DALIAN CHINA TO NEW TSSC0801005 N5632405TH11808 YORK BY SEAMar C/NOS. Number and Quantity . . MEAS. ks Kind of (KGS) (KGS) (CBM) and Packages;Num Descriptionber of GoodssORT Trolley CasesAI 1-368 TS503214 —1104PCS 4416TSI 368CTNS060 369-751 TS503215 —1149PCS 4596100 383 CTNS5 752-123 TS503216 —1440PCS 5040 4320NEW 1 480 CTNS 或者写：或者写：或者写：YOR AS PER SC NO. CTN 12/CTN CTNK TSSC0801005 12/CTN CTN CTNC/ 1 pc in 1 PE CTN 9/CTN CTNbag;3pcs/CTN 或者总毛或者写：或者总体1231CTNS 重和单箱12/CTN 积和单箱Trolley Cases 毛重都写CTN 体积都写TS503214 —也可以9/CTN 也可以TS503215 —或者总净TS503216 —重和单箱AS PER SC NO. 净重都写TSSC0801005 也可以1 pc in 1 PEbag;3pcs/CTNTOT 3693PCSALTOTALPACKAGESIN WORDS:SAY ONETHOUSANDTWOHUNDREDANDTHIRTY ONECARTONS ONLY.DALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD.张平（备注：如果将张平写成英文或者“XXX”也给全分）（3）出口货物订舱委托书SHIIPPER发货人DALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD.66 ZHONGSHAN ROADDALIAN 116001, CHINACONSIGNEE收货人ABC .(1)TO ORDER(2)TO ORDER OF SHIIPPER(3) TO ORDER OF CITY NATIONAL BANK NOTIFY PARTY 通知人ORTAI CO., LTD.30EAST40TH STREET,NEWYORK,NY10016 TEL:001-212- 992-9788 FAX: 001-212- 992-9789INTEND PORT OF LOADINGS/O NOTSI0801005凯通货运代理有限公司KAITONG INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT LIMITED运费预付到付运输条款OCEAN FREIGHT FCL(√ ) PREPAID ( √ )LCL( ) FREIGHT 1.(√ )CY-CY COLLECT ( ) 2.( )CY-CFS3.( )CFS-CY4.( )CFS-CFSVESSEL/VOYAGEDONGFENGDALIAN CHINAPORT OF DISCHARGE PLACE OF DELIVERY SPECIFY EQUIPMENT IF REQUIREDNEW YORKMARKS &NUMBERS ORTAITSI0601005 NEWYORK C/20 ’GP( )40 ’ HQ( )40 ’GP(× 3 )NO AND KIND OF PACKAGES DESCRIPTIONN OF GOODS . MEAS 1231CTNSSAY ONE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED ANDTrolley CasesTHIRTY ONE CARTONS ONLYABOVE PARTICULARS DECLARED BY SHIPPER拖车：自理（√）代拖（报关：自理（√）代拖（装柜时间：）可否转运可否分批）NOT ALLOWED NOT ALLOWED装运期限信用证有效期,2008 ,2008正本提单份数THREE(3) 备注（3）海运提单1)SHIPPERDALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD.66 ZHONGSHAN ROAD DALIAN 116001, CHINA2)CONSIGNEE OR ORDERTO ORDER 10)B/L NO COSBC083452中远集装箱运输有限公司COSCO CONTAINER LINESBILL OF LADING3)NOTIFY ADDRESSPORT TO PORT OR COMOBINED TRANSPORT ORTAI CO., LTD.30 EAST 40TH STREET, NEW YORK,NY10016TEL:001-212- 992-9788FAX: 001-212- 992-97894)PRE-CARRUAGE BY5)PLACE OF RECEIPT6)OCEAN VESSEL VOYAGE NO. 7)PORT OF LOADINGDONGFENG DALIAN CHINA8)PORT OF DISCHARGE 9) OF DELIVERYNEW YORK11)CONTAINER/SEAL NO OR 12)NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS, 13) . (kg) 14) MEAS (m3) MARKS AND NOS DESCRIPTION OF GOODSORTAITSI0601005 NEW YORK 1231CTNS OF Trolley CasesC/CN NO: COSCU5432156, COSCU5432157, COSCU5432158ON BOARD3*40`,2008CY-CY FREIGHT PREPAIDFCL-FCL15)TOTAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERSSAY ONE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY ONE CARTONS ONLY FREIGHT & CHARGES REVENUE TONS RATE PER PREPAID COLLECTPREPAID AT PAYABLE AT17)PLACE AND DATE OF ISSUEDALIAN CHINA, ,2008TOTAL PREPAID 18)NUMBER OF ORIGINAL B(S)LTHREE(3) 21)SIGNED FOR OR ON BEHALF OFTHE CARRIERLOADING ON BOARD THE VESSELCOSCO CONTAINER LINES 19)DATE ,2008 20)BY COSCO 林达AS CARRIER ENDORSEMENT:DALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO.,LTD. ,2008(4)普惠制产地证consigned from( Exporter ’ s name, address, country)DALIAN TAISHANSUITCASE& BAGCO., LTD.66 ZHONGSHAN ROADDALIAN 116001, CHINA2.goods consigned to ( Consignee’ s name,address, country)ORTAI CO., LTD.30 EAST 40TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10016 ， USA ReferenceGENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCE CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN (Combined declaration and certificateFORM AIssued in THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA(Country)See Notes. Overleafof transport and route(as far as known)FROM DALIAN CHINA TO NEW YORK BY SEA ON/AFTER ,2008and andkind packages;numbers ofdescriptionpackages goodsofficial useofcriterionof (seenotesoverleaf)weight and date oor other invoicesQuantity3693PCS/ONE THOUSAND TWOORTAI“P”HUNDREDANDTHIRTYTSI060100ONE5 TSI0801005 ,2008Numbe r1（备注：不填也给NEW YORK (1231) CARTONS OF 全分）C/ TROLLEYCases1 TS5032142 TS5032153 TS503216**********************（注：如果不写1231 也全分）11. CertificationIt is hereby certified, onthe basis of control out, thatthe declaration by the exporter is correct. 12. Declaration by the exporterThe undersigned hereby declares that the above details and statementsare correct; that all the goods wereproduced in CHINA and that theycomply with the origin requirements specified for those goods in the generalized system of preferences forgoods exported to⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(importing country)DALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD.DALIAN, ,2008到,2008之的某一天都可以CIQ平（注：如果将平写成英文或者“ XXX”也全分）Place and date, signature and⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯stamp of certifying authority Place and date, signature and stamp o certifyingauthority（5）保险单中国人民保公司险THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA总公司设于北京一九四九年创立Head Office: BEIJING Established in 1949保险单保险单号次INSURANCE POLICY POLICY NO ：中国人民保险公司THIS POLICY OF INSURANCE WITNESSES THAT PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CNINA（HEREINAFTER（以下简称本公司）根据CALLED“ THE COMPANY“） AT THE REQUEST OF DALIAN TAISHAN SUITCASE & BAG CO., LTD.(以下简称被保险人)的要求，由被保险人向本公(HEREINAFTER CALLED“ THE INSURED” )AND IN CONSIDERATION OF THE AGREED PAID TO THE COMPANY司缴付约定的保险，按本保险单承保险BY THE INSURED UNDERTAKES TO INSURE THE UNDERMENTIONED GOODS IN TRANSPORTATION SUBJECT别和背面所载条款下列特承保下述货物运输保险，特立此单TO THE CONDITIONS OF THIS POLICY AS PER THE CLAUSES PRINTED OVERLEAF AND OTHER SPECIAL CLAUSESATTACHED HEREON标记包装及数量保险货物项目保险金额MARKS NOS QUANTITY DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AMOUNT INSUREDAS PER INVOI1231ctns Trolley CasesNO:TSI0801005总保险金额：TOTAL AMOUNT INSURED：SAY US DOLLARS TWENTY FOUR THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED ANSIXTY FIVE ONLY.保费费率装载运输工具PREMIUM AS ARRANGEDRATEAS ARRANGED DONGFENGPER CONVEYANCE开航日期自至SLG. ON OR ABT. ,2008 FROM DALIAN CHINA TO NEW YORK承保险别：CONDITIONS：COVERING ICC CLAUSES(A).所保货物，如遇出险，本公司凭本优险单及其他有关证件给付赔款。
A_Level数学公式书
Arithmetic series
un = a + (n – 1)d
Sn = 1 n(a + l) = 1 n[2a + (n 1)d]
2
2
4
UA018598 – Edexcel AS/A level Mathematics Formulae List: Core Mathematics C1 – Issue 1 – September 2007
33 Statistics S4
33 Sampling distributions 34 Percentage points of Student’s t distribution 35 Percentage points of the F distribution
There are no formulae provided for Decision Mathematics units D1 and D2.
The formulae in this booklet have been arranged according to the unit in which they are first introduced. Thus a candidate sitting a unit may be required to use the formulae that were introduced in a preceding unit (e.g. candidates sitting C3 might be expected to use formulae first introduced in C1 or C2).
It may also be the case that candidates sitting Mechanics and Statistics units need to use formulae introduced in appropriate Core Mathematics units, as outlined in the specification.
FORM打不开问题集
FORM打不开问题集文档作者: 叶子瑞创建日期: 2016-1-31确认日期:控制编码:当前版本: 1.0审批签字:文档控制更改记录审阅分发人员目录文档控制 ................................................................................................................................................... i i 更改记录................................................................................................................................... i i 审阅 ........................................................................................................................................... i i 分发人员 ................................................................................................................................... i i 第1章概述 . (4)1.1概述 (4)1.2排错必须检查的内容： (4)第2章常见FORM打不开 (5)2.1错误1：Java(TM)已被阻止，因为它已过时并且需要更新 (6)2.2错误2：Java Error: 应用程序已被Java安全阻止 (8)2.3错误3：已安装JAVA，但是提示需要重新安装JRE (10)2.4错误4：已安装JAVA，不提示错误，但是没FORM出来 (12)2.5错误6：报"FRM-92120: 注册表文件http://host:port/forms/oracle/forms/registry/Registry.dat缺失 (13)2.6CHORME打不开FORM (14)第1章概述1.1概述第一章节自己总结了FORM打不开的原因以及报错必须解决的内容第二章从几个场景进行介绍问题如何解决，大家可根据实际情况进行选择查看。
上海外国语大学英语语言文学语言学全真模拟题
上海外国语大学英语语言文学语言学全真模拟题I.Define each of the following concepts and theories: (36 points)1.IPA2.Duality3.Vowel glideplementary distribution5.Illustrate root and stem6.Illustrate the NUMBER issue with both English and Chinese lexical items.putational linguisticsurence Horn’s Q-and R-principles.9.List at least four components of a communicative syllabus.II.Fill in the blanks with the words that are most appropriate in the given context.(16 points)1.In Austin’s How to Do Things with word, he first distingu ishes ________ and______. Later on Austin made a fresh start to distinguish ______, _______ and ________.2._______ is a branch of linguistics which is the study of psychological aspectsof language. As an ______ academic field, it investigates the following major subjects:________, _______ and _______.3.Words can be classified as _______ and ______words; _____ words and______words, ______-class words and _____-class words.III.Answer the following questions. (24 points)1.Describe with tree diagrams the transformations involved in forming thequestion “Does John like the book?”2.State and interpret the sense relations with examples.IV.Answer the following questions and try to elaborate the points indicated in questions with the knowledge you have acquired. (24 points)Explain the differences between the Chinese and English cultures by illustrating one aspect of life, which is rich in Chinese but limited in English, and vice versa.Ⅴ. Discuss the following question with examples (50 points)1. What are the methods for the addition of new words in the English language?2. When a teacher says “it’s hot in here” during a class, what does she probablymean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation.ReferencesⅠDefine each of the following concepts and theories: (36 points)1. IPA refers to the acronym of the International Phonetic Association (1897) whose first title was Phonetic Teachers Association established by a small group of language teachers in France in order to popularize their teaching practice or methods.(2分) It also stands for the International Phonetic Alphabet (the IPA chart) first proposed by the Danish grammarian and phonetician Otto Jesperson in1886, whose first version was published in 1888.(2分)(本题主要考查语音学中国际音标的起源)2.Duality: the structural organization of language into two abstract levels: meaningful units (e.g. words) and meaningless segments (e.g. sounds, letters).(3分) It is one of human language’s design features. (1分)(本题考查人类语言设计特征的二重性)3.Vowel glide: vowel that involve a change of quality,(2分) including diphthones, when a single movement of the tongue is made, and triphthones, where a double movement is perceived. (2分)(本题主要考查滑元音，包括双元音滑元音和三元音滑元音)4. Complementary distribution: when two sounds never occur to the same environment, they are in complementary distribution.(3分) For example, the aspirated English plosives never occur after [s], and unaspirated ones never occur initially. (1分)（本题考查音位学的互补分布特征的本质）5.Root refers to the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. For example, it is that part of the word which is left when all the affixes are removed.(1分) In the word internationalism, after the removal of inter-, -al, -ism, the part left is the root nation. Apparently, all words contain a root morpheme. And roots can be further classified into free root morpheme and bound root morpheme. (1分)Stem is any morpheme or combinations of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added.(1分) For instance, friend- in friends, and friendship in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem may be the same as a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contains a root and one, or more than one,derivational affix. In another word, friendship is a stem, but not a root.(1分) （本题考查词根和词干的定义及其异同）6. In English the NUMBER lexical items are regular and popular suffix which can be added to the verbs and nouns that distinguish the singular number (one or one group or part), plural form (more than one). In English nouns, we have book/books, pen/pens, hero/heroes, each of the former indicating the singular form (with no suffix or zero suffix), while the latter refers to the plural form, with the suffix (e)s. There are irregular forms in English pronouns, such a I/we, me/us, my/us,so on, indicating the distinction between the singular form and plural form. English verb has present tense the third person singular, for instance,Mary works, Mary teaches French. English verbs also has the irregular, for instance, have/has, am/is/are, which are not large in amount but fixed in usage.(2分)In Contrast, Chinese has few lexical items to indicate the grammatical category NUMBER, such as students (学生们)，children(孩子们)，workers (工人们), indicating human beings’ plural forms, or prof essions. This seldom occurs to the nouns referring to non-human things, such as 桌子们，椅子们with the exception that they are used in scientific fiction or children’s fairies. Chinese has singular and plural distinction in pronouns for example, 我/我们, 他/他们,你/你们.In Chinese, we have a few expressions DUAL in terms of units, such as 一双，一副，一对，一套. In contrast, English has only “a pair of”, “a couple” .There is no distinction in the number of Chinese verbs.（2分）（本题考查句法学中的汉语和英语在语法范畴“数”的异同及其各自的特点）7. Horn’s Q-principle: The Q-principle (Hearer-based):MAKE YOUR CONTRIBUTION (cf. Quantity1)SAY AS MUCH AS YOU CAN ( given R) (2分)R-principle: The R-principle (Speaker-based):MAKE YOUR CONTRIBUTION NECESSARY (cf. Relation, Quantity2 Manner)SAY NO MORE THAN YOU MUST (given Q) (2分)（本题主要考查语用学理论的新发展——后格赖斯时期理论）8. Computational linguistics is a branch of applied linguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language. (2分) It includes programmed instruction, speech synthesis and recognition, automatic translation, and computer mediated communication. (2分)（本题考查应用语言学中计算语言学的定义）municative syllabus aims at the learners’ communicative competence. (1分) This syllabus was summarized by Yalden (1983) with ten components as follows: (1分)(1). as detailed a consideration as possible of the purposes for which the learnerswish to acquire the target language.(2). some idea of the setting in which they will want to use the target language(physical aspects need to be considered, as well as social setting); (1分)(3). the socially defined role the learners will assume in the target language, aswell as the roles of their interlocuters.(4).the communicative events in which the learners will participate: everydaysituations, vocational or professional situations, academic situations, and soon. (1分)(5). the language functions involved in these events, or what the learner willneed to be able to do with or through the language;(6). the notions involved, or that the learner will need to be able to talk about;(7). the skills involved in the “knitting together” of discourse: discourse andrhetorical skills.(8). the variety or varieties of the target language that will be needed, and thelevels in the spoken and written language which the learners will need toreach;(9). the grammatical content that will be needed;(10). the lexical content that will be needed.（本题考查应用语言学中语言教学中交际教学大纲的特征，选择4种就得满分4分）Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the words that are most appropriate in the given context.(16 points)1.performatives, constatives, locutionary act, illocutionary act, perlocutionary act. (5分)（本题考查语用学中言语行为理论的起源及奥斯汀对自己的理论的提出及其阐述）2.psycholinguistics, interdisciplinary, acquisition, production, production (5分)（本题考查应用语言学中心理语言学的定义及其特征）3.variable, invariable, grammatical (functional/structural),lexical(content/notional), open, closed (6分)（本题考查从不同角度出发对词类进行的不同分类，属于词汇学或形态学范畴）ⅢAnswer the following questions and try to elaborate the points indicated in questions with the knowledge you have acquired. (24 points)1.Describe with tree diagrams the transformations involved in forming thequestion “Does John like the book?”1. The first diagram is shows the D-structure and the second the S-structure.CPC SNP VPV NPDet. NJohn does like the book?”（12分）（本题考查树型图在转换生成语法理论的地位及其对句子结构和句子成分之间的关系）2 State and interpret the sense relations with examples.There are three sense relations: sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. (4分)Synonymy is the technical name for the sameness relation. English is rich in synonyms. e.g. buy/purchase; world/universe; wide/broad, autumn/fall. (1分) In Chinese, “父亲”和“爸爸”，“打死”，“搞死”，“整死”，“弄死”，“掐死”，“玩死”and so on, total synonymy is rare. (1分)Antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation whose three main sub-types are gradable antonymy (old/young; long/short);complementary antonymy (alive/dead, pass/fail, odd/even) and converse antonymy (husband/wife, parent/child, over/under ) (4分)The notion of inclusiveness can be seen in the following example. The meaning of desk is included in that of furniture. Hyponymy is a matter of class membership.The upper term in this sense relation, the class name, is called SUPERORDINANT, and the lower terms, the members, hyponyms. Another classical example is, flower/ poeny, tulip, violet, carnation. (2分)（本题考查词汇学或语义学知识，从同义关系，反义关系和上下义关系三个角度解释了主要意义关系，这里主要解释了词或词组之间的关系；而句子之间的关系也是一种意义关系，只是更加复杂，例如，同义反复关系，e.g. War is war.; 前提关系，矛盾关系，衍推关系等等，更复杂）ⅣAnswer the following questions and try to elaborate the points indicated in questions with the knowledge you have acquired. (24 points)Explain the differences between the Chinese and English cultures by illustrating one aspect of life, which is rich in Chinese but limited in English, and vice versa.Different culture feature—be they environmental, material, or social—produce different linguistic features. (4分) 1) One aspect of life which is rich in Chinese but limited in English is the kinship terms. The kinship field is generally built around the lexical differentiation of three fundamental human family relations:filiations, consanguinity and spouseship. In English different words are used primarily to distinguish the set of kin relations, e.g. “brother” and “sister”, “aunt” and “uncle”, etc., but in Chinese distinction is also made lexically between members of kin who are older or younger than the speaker, or his/her parents, who are on the maternal side or on the paternal side, and who are in-laws or not. Thus, for the English “aunt,” we have in Chinese “gu”(father’s sister), “shen”(wife of father’s younger brother), “bomu”(wife of father’s elder brother), “yimu”(mother’s siter) and “jiuma”(wife of mothers’ brother).(8分)2) One aspect of life which is rich in English but limited in Chinese is the horse words. (4分) The fact that English boasts a large number of horse words is a ready explanation in the important part horse plays in the life of the English people. Besides the most common word “horse”, there are “gee” (a term for horse used by children), “horseflesh”(ho rse considered as a group, especially for driving, riding, or racing),“steed” (a spirited horse), “mare”(a young female horse), “foal” (the young offspring of a horse), “colt”(a young male horse), “filly”(a young female horse), “pony” (horse small in size when full grown), “thoroughbred” (a purebred or pedigree horse), and “bay” (a reddish brown horse). (8分)（本题主要考查中英文化差异，文化学习是外语学习的一个重要课题）Ⅴ1What are the methods for the addition of new words in the English language?New words are created through the following processes:a. Invention. It is a word-formation process related to the developingeconomic activities. New lexical items come directly from the consumer items, their producers or their brand names, such as “Coke”, “nylon”, “Kodak” and so on.b. Blending: It is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which twowords are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words; such as smog (smoke + fog), digicom (digital + computer).c. Abbreviation: The process of abbreviation refers to that a new word couldbe created by cutting the final part, or cutting the initial part, or cutting both the initial and final parts accordingly.Such as ad, (advertisement), van (caravan) , flu (influenza).d. Acronym. It is made up from the first letters of the name of anorganization, which has a heavily modified headword, such as WTO, UNESCO.e. Backformation. It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, “edit” is a word generated from “editor.”f. Analogical creation. Roughly speaking, this process is one whereby wordsare created in imitation of other words. For example, the appearance of the word “talkathon” is created on the model of “marathon.”g. Borrowing. It refers to the fact that Eng1ish has borrowed words fromother language. For example, the word “cancer” and “tumor” were borrowed from Latin.h. Derivation. New words can be created by the addition of derivational affixes, such as “national”, which is originated from the word “nation”.i. Compound. It refers to the creation of new words by joining two separate words, such as “ice-cream” and “sunrise”.（这里主要考查社会语言学的基本知识。
历年考试信用证题目
历年考试信用证题目（2009.12）1．信用证内容：:27: SEQUENCE OF TOTAL 1/1:40A: FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT IRREVOCABLE:20: DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER CRED1785669:3lC: DATE OF ISSUE 090906:40E：APPLICABLE RULES UCP LATEST VERSION:31D: DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY 091102U.S.A.:50: APPLICANT SILKROAD TEXTILES CO., LTD.554E 8TH STREET A682LOS ANGELESU.S.A.:59: BENEFICIARY MEIYIJIA FABRIC CO.,LTD.150 RENMING ROADDALIAN 116002 CHINA:32B: CURRENCY CODE, AMOUNT: USD76670:39A：PRECENTAGE CREDIT AMOUNT TOLERANCE 10/10:41A: AVAILABLE WITH.. BY.. CITIUS33:42P: DEFERRED PAYMENT DETAILS AT 60 DAYS AFTER SIGHT C/O OUR COUNTERS :43P: PARTIAL SHIPMENTS NOT ALLOWED:43T: TRANSSHIPMENT NOT ALLOWED:44E: PORT OF LOADING/AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE DALIAN PORT，CHINA:44F: PORT OF DISCHARGE/AIRPORT OF DESTINATION LONG BEACH PORT，U.S.A.:44C: LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT 091017:45A: DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND/OR SERVICES+TRADE TERMS: CIF LONG BEACH PORT，U.S.A. ORIGIN:CHINA+ 82000M OF 100% POLYESTER WOVEN DYED FABRICAT USD0.85 PER MWIDTH:150CM,>180G/M2:46A: DOCUMENTS REQUIRED+SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE THREEFOLD+FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILL OF LADING MADE OUT TO THEORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED,（全套清洁已装船提单，做成to order 抬头，空白背书）NOTIFY：APPLICANT（FULL ADDRESS）MARKED FREIGHT PREPAID+SIGNED DETAILED PACKING LIST+CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN+HANDSIGNED INSURANCE POLICY/CERTIFICATE COVERING ALL RISKSAS PER I.C.C. FOR 110PCT OF THE INVOICE AMOUNT:47A:ADDITIONAL CONDITION10PCT MORE OR LESS IN AMOUNT AND QUANTITY ALLOWED:71B: CHARGES ALL CHARGES AND COMMISSIONS OUTSIDE U.S.A. ARE FORBENEFICIARY'S ACCOUNT:48: PERIOD FOR PRESENTATION WITHIN 15 DAYS:49: CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTIONS WITHOUT:78: INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PAYING/ACCEPTING/NEGOTIATING BANKAT MATURITY DATE，UPON RECEIPT OF COMPLYING DOCUMENTSC/O OURSELVES，WE WILL COVER THE REMITTING BANK AS PERTHEIR INSTRUCTIONS2．根据信用证内容回答下列问题：（1）开证银行用（A）的方式将信用证经过通知银行给受益人A.电开B.快邮 C．信开（2）UCP LATEST VERSION（ C ）。
SAEJ诊断故障代码定义
SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright ©2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: custsvc@TABLE OF CONTENTS1Scope (4)1.1Purpose (4)1.2Differences from ISO Document (4)2References (4)2.1Applicable Publications (4)2.1.1SAE Publications (4)2.1.2ISO Documents (4)2.2Related Publications (4)2.2.1SAE Publications (4)3Terms and Definitions (4)4General Specifications (7)5Format Structure (7)5.1Description (7)5.2ISO/SAE Controlled Codes (Core DTCs) (8)5.3Manufacturer Controlled Codes (Non-Uniform DTCs) (9)5.4Body System Groupings (9)5.4.1B0XXX ISO/SAE controlled (9)5.4.2B1XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)5.4.3B2XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)5.4.4B3XXX Reserved by Document (9)5.5Chassis System Groupings (9)5.5.1C0XXX ISO/SAE Controlled (9)5.5.2C1XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)5.5.3C2XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)5.5.4C3XXX Reserved by Document (9)5.6Powertrain System Groupings - DTC Numbers and Descriptions are Given in Appendix B (9)5.6.1P0XXX ISO/SAE controlled (9)5.6.2P1XXX manufacturer control (9)5.6.3P2XXX ISO/SAE controlled (9)5.6.4P3XXX Manufacturer Controlled and ISO/SAE Reserved (9)5.7Network Groupings - DTC Numbers and Descriptions are Given in Appendix C (9)5.7.1U0XXX ISO/SAE Controlled (9)5.7.2U1XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)5.7.3U2XXX Manufacturer Controlled (9)5.7.4U3XXX Reserved (9)6Diagnostic Trouble Code Descriptions (10)7Change Requests (11)Appendix A (Normative) Diagnostic Trouble Code Naming Guidelines (12)A.1Discussion (12)Appendix B (Normative) Powertrain System Diagnostic Trouble Code (14)B.1P00XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (14)B.2P01XX Fuel and Air Metering (16)B.3P02XX Fuel and Air Metering (19)B.4P03XX Ignition System or Misfire (21)B.5P04XX Auxiliary Emission Controls (23)B.6P05XX Vehicle Speed, Idle Control, and Auxiliary Inputs (26)B.7P06XX Computer and Auxiliary Outputs (28)B.8P07XX Transmission (31)B.9P08XX Transmission (33)B.10P09XX Transmission (36)B.11P0AXX Hybrid Propulsion (38)B.12P0BXX Reserved by Document (39)B.13P0CXX Reserved by Document (39)B.14P0DXX Reserved by Document (39)B.15P0EXX Reserved by Document (39)B.16P0FXX Reserved by Document (39)B.17P10XX Manufacturer Controlled Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (39)B.18P11XX Manufacturer Controlled Fuel and Air Metering (39)B.19P12XX Manufacturer Controlled Fuel and Air Metering (39)B.20P13XX Manufacturer Controlled Ignition System or Misfire (39)B.21P14XX Manufacturer Controlled Auxiliary Emission Controls (39)B.22P15XX Manufacturer Controlled Vehicle Speed, Idle Control, and Auxiliary Inputs (39)B.23P16XX Manufacturer Controlled Computer and Auxiliary Outputs (39)B.24P17XX Manufacturer Controlled Transmission (39)B.25P18XX Manufacturer Controlled Transmission (39)B.26P19XX Manufacturer Controlled Transmission (39)B.27P20XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (40)B.28P21XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (42)B.29P22XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (45)B.30P23XX Ignition System or Misfire (47)B.31P24XX Auxiliary Emission Controls (48)B.32P25XX Auxiliary Inputs (50)B.33P26XX Computer and Auxiliary Outputs (52)B.34P27XX Transmission (54)B.35P28XX ISO/SAE Reserved (56)B.36P2AXX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)B.37P30XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)B.38P31XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)B.39P32XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls (56)B.40P33XX Ignition System or Misfire (56)B.41P34XX Cylinder Deactivation (56)B.42P35XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)B.43P36XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)B.44P37XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)B.45P38XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)B.46P39XX ISO/SAE Reserved (59)Appendix C(Normative) Network Communication Groupings (60)C.1U00XX Network Electrical (60)C.2U01XX Network Communication (62)C.3U02XX Network Communication (65)C.4U03XX Network Software (66)C.5U04XX Network Data (67)3.2Range/Performance—Circuit is in the normal operating range, but not correct for current operating conditions,it may be used to indicate stuck or skewed values indicating poor performance of a circuit, component, or system.3.3Low Input—Circuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal orpin that is below the normal operating range.3.4High Input—Circuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminalor pin that is above the normal operating range.3.5Bank—Specific group of cylinders sharing a common control sensor, bank 1 always contains cylinder number1, bank 2 is the opposite bankNOTE—If there is only one bank, use bank #1 DTCs and the word bank may be omitted. With a single “bank”system using multiple sensors, use bank #1.3.6Sensor Location—Location of a sensor in relation the engine air flow, starting from the fresh air intakethrough to the vehicle tailpipe or fuel flow from the fuel tank to the engine in order numbering 1,2,3 and so on NOTE—See Figures 1 to 4.FIGURE 1—V6/V8/V12 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 2 EXHAUST BANKS AND 4 CATALYSTS EXAMPLEFIGURE 2—V6/V8/V12 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 2 EXHAUST BANKS AND 3 CATALYSTS EXAMPLEFIGURE 3—L4/L5/L6 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 1 EXHAUST BANK AND 2 CATALYSTS EXAMPLEFIGURE 4—L4/L5/L6 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH 1 EXHAUST BANK AND 1 CATALYST EXAMPLEFIGURE 5—STRUCTURE OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODESEXAMPLEThe data bus value $9234 would be displayed to technicians as the manufacturer controlled body code B1234, see the figure below.FIGURE 6—EXAMPLE OF TROUBLE CODE STRUCTURECodes have been specified to indicate a suspected trouble or problem area and are intended to be used as a directive to the proper service procedure. To minimize service confusion, fault codes should not be used to indicate the absence of problems or the status of parts of the system (e.g., powertrain system O.K., or MIL activated), but should be confined to indicate areas in need of service attention.Some ranges have been expanded beyond 100 numbers by using the hexadecimal base 16 number system. ISO/SAE Controlled Codes (Core DTCs)—ISO/SAE controlled diagnostic trouble codes are those codes where industry uniformity has been achieved. These codes were felt to be common enough across most manufacturers' applications that a common number and fault message could be assigned. All unspecified numbers in each grouping have been reserved for future growth. Although service procedures may differ widely amongst manufacturers, the fault being indicated is common enough to be assigned a particular fault code. Codes in this area are not to be used by manufacturers until they have been approved by ISO/SAE.5.3Manufacturer Controlled Codes (Non-Uniform DTCs)—Areas within each alpha designator have beenmade available for manufacturer-controlled DTCs. These are fault codes that will not generally be used by a majority of the manufacturers due to basic system differences, implementation differences, or diagnostic strategy differences. Each vehicle manufacturer or supplier who designs and specifies diagnostic algorithms, software, and diagnostic trouble codes are strongly encouraged to remain consistent across their product line when assigning codes in the manufacturer controlled area. For powertrain codes, the same groupings should be used as in the ISO /SAE controlled area, i.e., 100's and 200's for fuel and air metering, 300's for ignition system or misfire, etc.Code groupings for non-powertrain codes will be specified at a later date.While each manufacturer has the ability to define the controlled DTCs to meet their specific controller algorithms, all DTC words shall meet SAE J1930.5.4Body System Groupings5.4.1B0XXX ISO/SAE C O NTROLLED5.4.2B1XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROLLED5.4.3B2XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROLLED5.4.4B3XXX R ES ERVE D BY D O CUMENT5.5Chassis System Groupings5.5.1C0XXX ISO/SAE C ONTRO LLE D5.5.2C1XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED5.5.3C2XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED5.5.4C3XXX R ESERVED BY D O CUMENT5.6Powertrain System Groupings—DTC Numbers and Cescriptions are Given in Appendix B5.6.1P0XXX ISO/SAE C O NTROLLED5.6.2P1XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROL5.6.3P2XXX ISO/SAE C O NTROLLED5.6.4P3XXX M ANUFACTURER C ONTROLLED A ND ISO/SAE R ES ERV ED5.7Network Groupings—DTC Numbers and Descriptions are given in Appendix C5.7.1U0XXX ISO/SAE C ONTRO LLE D5.7.2U1XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED5.7.3U2XXX M ANUFACTURER C O NTROLLED5.7.4U3XXX R ESERVED6.Diagnostic Trouble Code Descriptions—Each specified fault code has been assigned a description toindicate the circuit, component or system area that was determined to be at fault. The descriptions are organized such that different descriptions related to a particular sensor or system are grouped together. In cases where there are various fault descriptions for different types of faults, the group also has a “generic”description as the first code/message of the group. A manufacturer has a choice when implementing diagnostics, based on the specific strategy and complexity of the diagnostic.Where more specific fault descriptions for a circuit, component, or system exist, the manufacturer should choose the code most applicable to their diagnosable fault. The descriptions are intended to be somewhat general to allow manufacturers to use them as often as possible yet still not conflict with their specific repair procedures. The terms “low” and “high” when used in a description, especially those related to input signals, refer to the voltage, frequency, etc. at the pin of the controller. The specific level of “low” and “high” shall be specified by each manufacturer to best meet their needs.For example, in diagnosing a 5 V reference Throttle Position Sensor (TP Sensor), if the input signal at the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) is stuck at near 0 V, a manufacturer has the flexibility to select from either of two codes - P0120 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit) or P0122 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/ Switch A Circuit Low Input), depending on the manufacturer's diagnostic procedures. If the input signal at the PCM is stuck at near 5 V, a manufacturer has the flexibility to select from either of two codes - P0120 (Throttle/ Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit) or P0123 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit High Input), depending on the manufacturer's diagnostic procedures. If the input signal at the PCM is stuck at 1.5 V at idle instead of the expected 1.0 V, the manufacturer has the flexibility to select from either of two codes - P0120 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit) or P0121 (Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Range/Performance Problem), depending on the manufacturer's diagnostic procedures. The root cause of the higher than expected TP Sensor voltage may be either a faulty TP Sensor, corrosion in the TP Sensor connections or an improperly adjusted throttle plate. Identification of the root cause is done using the diagnostic procedures and is not implied by the DTC message, thus allowing the manufacturer the flexibility in assigning DTCs Change requests.7.Change Requests—Use this form to pass your request.Request Form for New SAE J2012 SAE Controlled DTCWhat is the purpose of the component, circuit, or system?Example: Exhaust Gas Recirculation.What is the purpose of the diagnostic?Example: detect low EGR flowRequested Group NumberRequested DTC NumberRequested DTC NomenclatureExample: EGR Low Flow DetectedRequested by:Phone/FaxEmailAddressDate:Please send completed form(s) to:SAE Headquarters755 West Big Beaver RoadSuite 1600Troy, MI 48084USAATTN: SAE J2012 PowertrainCommittee Chairman8.Notes8.1Marginal Indicia—The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locatingareas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.PREPARED BY THE SAE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DIAGNOSTICSYSTEMS STANDARDS COMMITTEEAPPENDIX A(NORMATIVE)DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE NAMING GUIDELINESA.1Discussion—The following Table A1 is a guideline used to help in determining DTC descriptions. Appendix Bshows applications for recommended industry common trouble codes for the powertrain control system. These include systems that might be integrated into an electronic control module that would be used for controlling engine functions, such as fuel, spark, idle speed, and vehicle speed (cruise control) as well as those for transmission control. The fact that a code is recommended as a common industry code does not imply that it isa required code (legislated), an emission related code, nor that it indicates a fault that will cause themalfunction indicator to be illuminated.TABLE A1—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES FOR SIGNALS FROM COMPONENTSComponent/System SAE J19301)AcronymSAEJ19301)Modifier(if used) 1)Noun Name1Circuit1)Intermittent(if used) 1)State(if used) 1)Parameter(if used) 1)Location(if used) 1)Throttle Position TP Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Throttle Position TP Sensor Circuit PerformanceManifold AbsolutePressureMAP Sensor Circuit High VoltageEngine CoolantTemperatureECT Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Intake Air Temperature IAT Sensor Circuit High Voltage Vehicle Speed Sensor VSS included inacronymCircuit High VoltageVehicle Speed Sensor VSS included inacronymCircuit IntermittentHeated Oxygen Sensor HO2S included inAcronymHeaterCircuitHeated Oxygen Sensor HO2S included inAcronymHeater Circuit Low Voltage Bank (B1)Sensor 1 (S1)Idle Air Control IAC Valve Circuit Low VoltageMass Air Flow MAF Sensor Circuit High FrequencyMass Air Flow MAF Sensor Circuit PerformanceKnock Sensor KS included inacronymModule SensorCircuit Bank 1Knock Sensor KS included inacronymModule SensorCircuit PerformanceCrankshaft Position CKP Sensor CircuitEvaporative Emissions EVAP CanisterPurgeValve CircuitEngine Speed RPM Input CircuitAir Conditioning A/C ClutchStatusN/A Circuit Low VoltageHeated Oxygen Sensor HO2S Circuit TransitionTime Ratio Bank 1 (B1) Sensor (S1)Heated Oxygen Sensor HO2S Circuit Insufficient SwitchingBank 1 (B1)Sensor 1 (S1)Distributor Ignition DI Low ResolutionCircuitIntermittentDistributor IgnitionDIHigh Resolution CircuitNOTE 1) The Service Information uses Component/System from SAE J1930 or Acronym from SAE J1930, Modifier, Noun Name, Circuit, Intermittent, State, Parameter, and Location.TABLE A2—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES FOR SIGNALS TO COMPONENTSComponent/SystemSAE J19301)Acronym SAE J19301)Modifier (if used)1)Noun Name1)Control 1)Circuit 1)Intermittent (if used) 1)State (if used)1)Parameter (if used) 1)Location (if used) 1)Malfunction Indicator lamp MIL included in acronymControl Circuit Injector N/A Control Circuit Fan Control FC Relay 1Control Circuit Fan Control FC Relay 2Control Circuit Low Exhaust Gas RecirculationEGR Solenoid Control Circuit High Secondary Air Injection AIR Solenoid Control Circuit HighEvaporative Emissions EVAP Purge Solenoid Control Circuit Air Conditioning A/C ClutchRelay Control Circuit Idle Air Control IAC Valve Control Circuit Low Ignition Control IC N/A included in acronym Circuit Low Voltage Ignition ControlIC N/A included in acronym Circuit High VoltageTorque Converter ClutchTCCSolenoidControlCircuitStuck onNOTE 1) The Service Information uses Component/System from SAE J1930 or Acronym from SAE J1930, Modifier, Noun Name, Circuit, Intermittent, State, Parameter, and Location.TABLE A3—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES INVOLVING SEVERAL COMPONENTS OR SYSTEMSComponent/SystemSAE J19301)Acronym SAE J19301)Modifier 1)System 1)Intermittent 1)State 1)Parameter 1)Location 1)Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR System Fuel TrimFT System LeanBank 1Secondary Air InjectionAIRSystemBank 1NOTE 1) The Service Information uses Component/System from SAE J1930 or Acronym from SAE J1930, Modifier, Noun Name, Circuit, Intermittent, State, Parameter, and Location.TABLE A1—DTC NAMING GUIDELINES FOR SIGNALS FROM COMPONENTSComponent/SystemSAE J19301)Acronym SAEJ19301)Modifier (if used) 1)Noun Name 1Circuit1)Intermittent (if used) 1)State (if used) 1)Parameter (if used) 1)Location (if used) 1)APPENDIX B(NORMATIVE)POWERTRAIN SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODEB.1P00XX Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission ControlsTABLE B1—P00XX FUEL AND AIR METERING AND AUXILIARY EMISSION CONTROLS DTC number DTC naming Location P0001 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit/OpenP0002 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Range/PerformanceP0003 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit LowP0004 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit HighP0005 Fuel Shutoff Valve "A" Control Circuit/OpenP0006 Fuel Shutoff Valve "A" Control Circuit LowP0007 Fuel Shutoff Valve "A" Control Circuit HighP0008 Engine Position System Performance Bank 1 P0009 Engine Position System Performance Bank 2 P0010 a) "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Bank 1 P0011 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 1 P0012 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 1 P0013 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Actuator Circuit Bank 1 P0014 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 1 P0015 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 1 P0016 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 1 Sensor A P0017 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 1 Sensor B P0018 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 2 Sensor A P0019 Crankshaft Position – Camshaft Position Correlation Bank 2 Sensor B P0020 a) "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Bank 2 P0021 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 2 P0022 a) "A" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 2 P0023 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Actuator Circuit Bank 2 P0024 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance Bank 2 P0025 b) "B" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded Bank 2 P0026 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 P0027 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 P0028 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 P0029 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 P0030 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0031 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0032 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0033 Turbo Charger Bypass Valve Control CircuitP0034 Turbo Charger Bypass Valve Control Circuit LowP0035 Turbo Charger Bypass Valve Control Circuit HighP0036 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2TABLE B1—P00XX FUEL AND AIR METERING AND AUXILIARY EMISSION CONTROLS (CONTINUED) DTC number DTC naming Location P0037 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0038 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0039 Turbo/Super Charger Bypass Valve Control Circuit Range/PerformanceP0040 O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1/ Bank 2 Sensor 1P0041 O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 2/ Bank 2 Sensor 2P0042 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0043 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0044 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0045 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit/OpenP0046 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit Range/PerformanceP0047 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit LowP0048 Turbo/Super Charger Boost Control Solenoid Circuit HighP0049 Turbo/Super Charger Turbine OverspeedP0050 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0051 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0052 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0053 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0054 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0055 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0056 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0057 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0058 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0059 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0060 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0061 HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0062 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0063 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0064 HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 3 P0065 Air Assisted Injector Control Range/PerformanceP0066 Air Assisted Injector Control Circuit or Circuit LowP0067 Air Assisted Injector Control Circuit HighP0068 MAP/MAF – Throttle Position CorrelationP0069 Manifold Absolute Pressure – Barometric Pressure CorrelationP0070 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor CircuitP0071 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Range/PerformanceP0072 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit LowP0073 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit HighP0074 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit IntermittentP0075 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 1 P0076 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 1 P0077 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 1 P0078 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 1 P0079 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 1TABLE B1—P00XX FUEL AND AIR METERING AND AUXILIARY EMISSION CONTROLS (CONTINUED) DTC number DTC naming Location P0080 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 1P0081 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 2P0082 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 2P0083 Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 2P0084 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 2P0085 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 2P0086 Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 2P0087 Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too LowP0088 Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too HighP0089 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 PerformanceP0090 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Control CircuitP0091 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Control Circuit LowP0092 Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Control Circuit HighP0093 Fuel System Leak Detected – Large LeakP0094 Fuel System Leak Detected – Small LeakP0095 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 CircuitP0096 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Range/PerformanceP0097 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit LowP0098 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit HighP0099 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratica)The "A" camshaft shall be either the "intake," "left," or "front" camshaft. Left/Right and Front/Rear are determined as if viewed from the driver'sseating position. Bank 1 contains cylinder number one, Bank 2 is the opposite bank.b)The "B" camshaft shall be either the "exhaust," "right," or "rear" camshaft. Left/Right and Front/Rear are determined as if viewed from thedriver's seating position. Bank 1 contains cylinder number one, Bank 2 is the opposite bank.B.2P01XX Fuel and Air MeteringTABLE B2—P01XX FUEL AND AIR METERINGDTC number DTC naming Location P0100 Mass or Volume Air Flow CircuitP0101 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/PerformanceP0102 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low InputP0103 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High InputP0104 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit IntermittentP0105 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure CircuitP0106 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Range/PerformanceP0107 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Low InputP0108 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit High InputP0109 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit IntermittentP0110 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 CircuitP0111 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Range/PerformanceP0112 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit LowP0113 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit HighP0114 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit IntermittentTABLE B2—P01XX FUEL AND AIR METERING (CONTINUED)DTC number DTC naming Location P0115 Engine Coolant Temperature CircuitP0116 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Range/PerformanceP0117 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit LowP0118 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit HighP0119 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit IntermittentP0120 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" CircuitP0121 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit Range/PerformanceP0122 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit LowP0123 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit HighP0124 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch "A" Circuit IntermittentP0125 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel ControlP0126 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Stable OperationP0127 Intake Air Temperature Too HighP0128 Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)P0129 Barometric Pressure Too LowP0130 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0131 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0132 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0133 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0134 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0135 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1 P0136 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0137 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0138 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0139 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0140 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0141 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2 P0142 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0143 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0144 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0145 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0146 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0147 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3 P0148 Fuel Delivery ErrorP0149 Fuel Timing ErrorP0150 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0151 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0152 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0153 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0154 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0155 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1 P0156 O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2 P0157 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2。
软件测试专业英语
常见专业术语:组织过程定义控制程序process for organizational process definition 软件生命周期模型software life cycle model组织标准过程集合描述description of organization's set of standard process.组织标准过程裁剪指南tailoring guideline for organizational standard process过程数据库使用规范usage specification for process metrics library过程财富度量报告measurement report for process asserts项目生命周期模型选择工作单sheet for selecting project software lifecycle model组织过程焦点控制程序process for organizational process focus EPG工作章程EPG charterEPG工作考核细则performance appraisal rules for EPG member过程改进建议处理控制程序process for handling process improvement proposal过程定义文件配置管理规范configuration management specification for process definition document过程行动组(PAT)工作记录process action team (PAT) working record过程定义文件试验结果评定表evaluation form for pilot result of process definition document过程状态季度报告模板process status quarterly report template过程行动计划process action plan过程推广计划process promotion plan过程试验计划process pilot plan公司年度过程评估计划organizational process assessment annual plan 公司过程改进总体要求 General objectives for organizational process improvement会议记录meeting minutes过程改进建议和意见汇总表summary form of comments and suggestions of PI过程改进实践状态清单 status list for process improvement practice EPG工作度量epg metrics程序文件评审讨论问题记录表issue record of process document review过程改进总体计划General plan for process improvement过程改进工作度量报告 metrics report for process improvement过程豁免申请单 process exempt application过程改进任务列表 process improvement tasks list组织级培训过程控制程序organization- level training process兼职讲师管理规定part-time instructor management regulation 免修规程training waiver procedure培训课程开发规程training course development procedure外购培训管理规程outsourcing training management procedure培训效果评估规定training effectiveness evaluation procedure 培训效果跟踪表 training effectiveness tracking record员工培训计划申请表application for employee training plan员工外训学习申请表application for employee external training 免修培训申请表application for training waiver战略培训需求表demands form for strategic training需求管理控制程序requirement management process需求变更控制规程requirement change control procedure变更影响分析控制规程 Impact analysis procedure of change确定项目已定义过程规程procedure for establishing project's defined process项目协调与沟通规程project communication & negotiation procedure 风险管理控制程序risk management process风险管理指导书risk management guidebook风险管理计划risk management plan风险列表risk list商业现货软件产品选择控制程序COTS product selection process COTS软件产品评价准则COTS product evaluation criteriaCOTS软件产品评价报告COTS product evaluation report供应商合作通知单cooperation notification to supplier第三方产品评估表the 3rd party's product evaluation form商业现货采购控制程序 COTS product procurement process软件子合同管理控制程序software sub-contract management process子合同评审规程sub-contract review procedure子合同开发监管规程sub-contract development monitoring procedure子合同配置管理规程sub-contract Configuration Management procedure子合同配置监督计划模版sub-contract configuration monitoring plan template子合同QA审核规程sub-contract QA audit procedure软件子承包商评定标准 sub-contractor evaluation criteria直真软件开发子合同模板(商务) contract template (business) for ZZ's software sub-contract子合同开发过程监控报告sub-contract development monitoring report子合同开发过程监控计划sub-contract development monitoring plan子合同工作计划sub-contract working plan产品(项目)子合同申请单application form for product( project ) sub-contract候选子承包商评估报告 candidate sub-contractor evaluation report 软件子合同评审记录software sub-contract review record项目策划控制程序project planning process规模估计规程size estimation procedure工作量估计规程effort estimation procedure编制进度规程schedule generation procedure项目策划计划plan for project planningPDSP文档PDSP document项目环境列表project's environment list项目的任务WBS列表project's task WBS list产品规模估计表product size estimation form工作量估计表effort estimation form关键计算机资源表CCR list外来工作产品清单out-sourcing work product list主要工作产品清单main work product list交付工作产品清单deliverable work product list人力资源需求表HR demands form人力资源评估表HR evaluation form项目人员计划表project's HR plan项目预算工时表project's budget/ effort form项目需增加硬件、软件成本预算表Budget form for hardware & software added共利益者协调计划表stakeholder negotiation plan资料管理计划表materials management plan开发计划development plan项目培训计划project training plan项目进度表project schedule项目总体进度表abstract project schedule合同项目立项报告initiating report for contract project研发项目立项报告initiating report for R&D project项目跟踪监控程序SPTO process研发中心例会管理规定 Review meeting procedure for R&D center研发项目组例会管理规定Review meeting procedure for R&D project team项目关闭控制程序project closure process里程碑评审规程milestone review procedure软件开发计划变更规程 Software development plan revise procedure 对外承诺变更控制规程 External commitment change procedure测量与分析控制程序 measurement & analysis process度量项定义规程measurement item definition procedure测量目标选择表measurement goal selection list项目测量数据集合project's metrics set项目度量周报project's metrics weekly report测量规格说明书metrics specification度量报告metrics report项目度量计划project's measurement plan决策分析与解决方案控制程序discussion analysis and resolution processDAR运用指南DAR practice guideline决策方案评价准则desiccation resolution evaluation criteria 过程与产品质量保证控制程序process& product quality assurance process不符合问题处理规程non-compliance issue handle procedure项目过程活动评审规程 project's process activity review procedure 项目工作产品审核规程 project's work product audit procedure质量保证活动策划规程 SQA planning procedure不符合问题等级标准non-compliance issue grade standard评价工作产品任务集合 work product evaluation tasks set评价过程活动任务集合 process activity evaluation tasks set不符合问题报告表non-compliance issue report不符合问题跟踪记录表 non-compliance issue tracking record工作产品审核记录表work product audit record过程活动评审记录表process activity review record项目QA计划进度表project's QA planned schedule 外部专家审核报告external expert audit report跨项目QA报告QA report across projects项目QA报告project QA report项目QA计划project QA plan软件配置管理控制程序 software configuration management process配置管理标准configuration management standard测试阶段CI变更规程CI change procedure in testing phase产品出库规程product check-out procedure产品入库规程product check-in procedure产品发布管理规程product release management procedure产品日常备份规程product daily backup procedure配置变更分析规程configuration change impact analysis procedure配置变更管理子过程configuration change management sub-process 配置审核管理规程configuration audit management procedure产品库管理规程product library management procedure配置项状态报告CI status report功能配置审核报告模板 FCA report template物理配置审核报告模板 FCA report template基线配置审核报告模板 baseline configuration audit report template 软件送测单delivering software to testing form日常备份记录daily backup record配置项清单CI list产品发布通知product release notification产品发布报告product release report配置管理计划模版CM plan template配置管理任务列表CM tasks list配置审核问题跟踪记录表configuration audit issues tracking record文件归档申请单application form for document archiving项目SCM任务单project's SCM task list最终产品规模测量记录final product size metrics record销售管理控制程序sales management control process售前支持控制程序pre-sales support control process售前技术支持计划pre-sales technical support plan售前技术申请pre-sales technical application产品定义过程控制程序 product definition process需求调研规程requirement investigation procedure软件需求分析控制程序 software requirement analysis process面向对象需求分析规程 O-O requirement analysis procedure需求分析方法工具指南 guideline for methods /tools of requirement analysis需求缺陷分类标准standard of requirement defect types需求规格说明Checklist checklist for requirement specification需求分析计划跟踪表requirement analysis plan and tracking record 需求不一致项跟踪记录表requirement defect tracking record 产品(产品构件)需求product ( product component) requirement产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书－By Object product ( product component) requirement specification template -by object产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书－By Feature product ( productcomponent) requirement specification template -by feature产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书－By User Class product( product component) requirement specification template -by user class产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书－By Fun Hierarchy product( product component) requirement specification template -by Fun Hierarchy软件概要设计控制程序 software preliminary design process软件详细设计控制程序 software detailed design process概要设计说明书模板一(面向对象) PD document template (OO)概要设计说明书模板PD document template软件开发计划模版SDP template数据库设计说明书模板 database design document template用户界面设计说明书user interface design document详细设计说明书模板DD document template产品实现控制程序-代码实现product realization process-coding设计问题跟踪记录表tracking record for design issuesC++编码规范C++ coding specificationJAVA编程规范JAVA coding specification产品构件实现清单product component realization list产品构件实现方法和计划product component realization method and plan产品实现控制程序-支持文档实现product realization process- supportive document realization产品集成控制程序product integration process接口管理规程interface management procedure集成产品评价规程integrated product evaluation procedure《产品集成策略》模版 product integration strategy template《产品集成评价报告》模版product integration evaluation report template接口跟踪表interface tracking record接口不一致项列表interface non-compliance list部件测试控制程序component testing process产品集成测试控制程序product integration testing process系统测试控制程序system testing processFIRST OFF测试控制程序FIRST OFF testing processBUG管理系统使用规范bug management system usage specification BUG确认规程Bug confirmation procedure正式评审规程formal review procedure同级评审指导书PR guidebook技术评审规程technical review procedure同级评审策划规程PR planning procedure正式评审申请表formal review application技术评审申请表technical review application评审工作分析报告review analysis report评审工作表review working form评审准备数据表review preparation metric form同级评审计划PR plan评审记录和缺陷跟踪表 review record and defect tracking record系统测试数据和测试环境设计system testing metrics and testing environment design部件测试数据和测试环境设计component testing metrics and testing environment design部件测试用例component testing use-case系统测试用例system testing use-case系统测试方案system testing scheme部件测试方案component testing scheme接受系统测试检查单 system testing checklist接受产品集成测试检查单 product integration testing checklist接受部件测试检查单 component testing checklist接受First off测试检查单 FIRST OFF testing checklistFirst off测试计划Fist Off testing plan测试计划testing plan产品集成测试计划product integration testing plan测试问题记录表testing issue record单个自由产品测试总结 independent product testing summary测试报告testing report测试总结testing summary产品集成测试报告product integration testing report代码走查规程code walk-through procedure单元测试规程unit testing procedure制定确认策划规程validation planning procedure确认规程validation procedure需求确认方法描述requirement validation methods description 产品确认方法描述product validation methods description确认计划书模板validation plan template产品验收控制程序product acceptance processFIRST OFF规程Fist off procedure产品发布规程product release procedure产品移交规程product delivery procedure系统集成控制程序system integration process系统集成项目测试验收规程acceptance procedure for system integration project testing系统集成项目维护规程 maintenance procedure for system integration project售后服务控制程序post-sales service control process客户服务请求处理表handle form for customer service application 客户服务请求解决情况统计表statistics for closure status of customer service application客户满意度调查表customer satisfaction questionnaire客户满意度统计分析报告statistics analysis report for customer satisfaction客户满意改进方案customer satisfaction improvement plan售后客户档案(原有文件) post-sales customer profile ( original documents)维护项目控制程序maintenance project control process一级维护任务单the 1st level maintenance tasks form维护项目立项报告initiating report for maintenance project 维护项目工作计划working plan for maintenance project现场服务记录on-site service record现场培训记录on-site training record维护项目总结报告summary report for maintenance project二级任务单the 2nd tasks form项目结束通知单project closure notification项目决算报告project settlement report软件维护控制程序software maintenance control process维护需求记录表maintenance demands record软件维护申请表software maintenance application软件维护记录单software maintenance formAcceptance Testing－－可接受性测试一般由用户/客户进行的确认是否可以接受一个产品的验证性测试. actual outcome－－实际结果被测对象在特定的条件下实际产生的结果.Ad Hoc Testing－－随机测试测试人员通过随机的尝试系统的功能,试图使系统中断.algorithm－－算法(1)一个定义好的有限规则集,用于在有限步骤内解决一个问题；(2)执行一个特定任务的任何操作序列.algorithm analysis－－算法分析一个软件的验证确认任务,用于保证选择的算法是正确的、合适的和稳定的,并且满足所有精确性、规模和时间方面的要求.Alpha Testing－－Alpha测试由选定的用户进行的产品早期性测试.这个测试一般在可控制的环境下进行的.analysis－－分析(1)分解到一些原子部分或基本原则,以便确定整体的特性；(2)一个推理的过程,显示一个特定的结果是假设前提的结果；(3)一个问题的方法研究,并且问题被分解为一些小的相关单元作进一步详细研究.anomaly－－异常在文档或软件操作中观察到的任何与期望违背的结果.application software－－应用软件满足特定需要的软件.architecture－－构架一个系统或组件的组织结构.ASQ－－自动化软件质量(Automated Software Quality)使用软件工具来提高软件的质量.assertion－－断言指定一个程序必须已经存在的状态的一个逻辑表达式,或者一组程序变量在程序执行期间的某个点上必须满足的条件.assertion checking－－断言检查用户在程序中嵌入的断言的检查.audit－－审计一个或一组工作产品的独立检查以评价与规格、标准、契约或其它准则的符合程度.audit trail－－审计跟踪系统审计活动的一个时间记录.Automated Testing－－自动化测试使用自动化测试工具来进行测试,这类测试一般不需要人干预,通常在GUI、性能等测试中用得较多.Backus-Naur Form－－BNF范式一种分析语言,用于形式化描述语言的语法baseline－－基线一个已经被正式评审和批准的规格或产品,它作为进一步开发的一个基础,并且必须通过正式的变更流程来变更.Basic Block－－基本块一个或多个顺序的可执行语句块,不包含任何分支语句.basis test set－－基本测试集根据代码逻辑引出来的一个测试用例集合,它保证能获得100%的分支覆盖.behavior－－行为对于一个系统的一个函数的输入和预置条件组合以及需要的反应.一个函数的所有规格包含一个或多个行为.benchmark－－标杆/指标/基准一个标准,根据该标准可以进行度量或比较.Beta Testing－－Beta测试在客户场地,由客户进行的对产品预发布版本的测试.这个测试一般是不可控的.big-bang testing－－大锤测试/一次性集成测试非渐增式集成测试的一种策略,测试的时候把所有系统的组件一次性组合成系统进行测试.Black Box Testing－－黑盒测试根据软件的规格对软件进行的测试,这类测试不考虑软件内部的运作原理,因此软件对用户来说就像一个黑盒子.bottom-up testing－－由低向上测试渐增式集成测试的一种,其策略是先测试底层的组件,然后逐步加入较高层次的组件进行测试,直到系统所有组件都加入到系统.boundary value－－边界值一个输入或输出值,它处在等价类的边界上.boundary value coverage－－边界值覆盖通过测试用例,测试组件等价类的所有边界值.boundary value testing－－边界值测试通过边界值分析方法来生成测试用例的一种测试策略.Boundary Value Analysis－－边界值分析该分析一般与等价类一起使用.经验认为软件的错误经常在输入的边界上产生,因此边界值分析就是分析软件输入边界的一种方法.branch－－分支在组件中,控制从任何语句到其它任何非直接后续语句的一个条件转换,或者是一个无条件转换.branch condition－－分支条件branch condition combination coverage－－分支条件组合覆盖在每个判定中所有分支条件结果组合被测试用例覆盖到的百分比. branch condition combination testing－－分支条件组合测试通过执行分支条件结果组合来设计测试用例的一种方法.branch condition coverage－－分支条件覆盖每个判定中分支条件结果被测试用例覆盖到的百分比.branch condition testing－－分支条件测试通过执行分支条件结果来设计测试用例的一种方法.branch coverage－－分支覆盖通过测试执行到的分支的百分比.branch outcome－－分支结果见判定结果(decision outcome)branch point－－分支点branch testing－－分支测试通过执行分支结果来设计测试用例的一种方法.Breadth Testing－－广度测试在测试中测试一个产品的所有功能,但是不测试更细节的特性.bug－－缺陷capture/playback tool－－捕获/回放工具参考capture/replay toolCapture/Replay Tool－－捕获/回放工具一种测试工具,能够捕获在测试过程中传递给软件的输入,并且能够在以后的时间中,重复这个执行的过程.这类工具一般在GUI测试中用的较多. CASE－－计算机辅助软件工程(computer aided software engineering) 用于支持软件开发的一个自动化系统.CAST－－计算机辅助测试在测试过程中使用计算机软件工具进行辅助的测试.cause-effect graph－－因果图一个图形,用来表示输入(原因)与结果之间的关系,可以被用来设计测试用例.certification－－证明一个过程,用于确定一个系统或组件与特定的需求相一致.change control－－变更控制一个用于计算机系统或系统数据修改的过程,该过程是质量保证程序的一个关键子集,需要被明确的描述.code audit－－代码审计由一个人、组或工具对源代码进行的一个独立的评审,以验证其与设计规格、程序标准的一致性.正确性和有效性也会被评价.Code Coverage－－代码覆盖率一种分析方法,用于确定在一个测试套执行后,软件的哪些部分被执行到了,哪些部分没有被执行到.Code Inspection－－代码检视一个正式的同行评审手段,在该评审中,作者的同行根据检查表对程序的逻辑进行提问,并检查其与编码规范的一致性.Code Walkthrough－－代码走读一个非正式的同行评审手段,在该评审中,代码被使用一些简单的测试用例进行人工执行,程序变量的状态被手工分析,以分析程序的逻辑和假设. code-based testing－－基于代码的测试根据从实现中引出的目标设计测试用例.coding standards－－编程规范一些编程方面需要遵循的标准,包括命名方式、排版格式等内容. Compatibility Testing－－兼容性测试测试软件是否和系统的其它与之交互的元素之间兼容,如：浏览器、操作系统、硬件等.complete path testing－－完全路径测试completeness－－完整性实体的所有必须部分必须被包含的属性.complexity－－复杂性系统或组件难于理解或验证的程度.Component－－组件一个最小的软件单元,有着独立的规格Component Testing－－组件测试computation data use－－计算数据使用一个不在条件中的数据使用. computer system security－－计算机系统安全性计算机软件和硬件对偶然的或故意的访问、使用、修改或破坏的一种保护机制.condition－－条件一个不包含布尔操作的布尔表达式,例如：Acondition coverage－－条件覆盖通过测试执行到的条件的百分比.condition outcome－－条件结果条件为真为假的评价.configuration control－－配置控制配置管理的一个方面,包括评价、协调、批准、和实现配置项的变更. configuration management－－配置管理一套技术和管理方面的原则用于确定和文档化一个配置项的功能和物理属性、控制对这些属性的变更、记录和报告变更处理和实现的状态、以及验证与指定需求的一致性.conformance criterion－－一致性标准判断组件在一个特定输入值上的行为是否符合规格的一种方法. Conformance Testing－－一致性测试测试一个系统的实现是否和其基于的规格相一致的测试.consistency－－一致性在系统或组件的各组成部分和文档之间没有矛盾,一致的程度. consistency checker－－一致性检查器一个软件工具,用于测试设计规格中需求的一致性和完整性.control flow－－控制流程序执行中所有可能的事件顺序的一个抽象表示.control flow graph－－控制流图通过一个组件的可能替换控制流路径的一个图形表示.conversion testing－－转换测试用于测试已有系统的数据是否能够转换到替代系统上的一种测试. corrective maintenance－－故障检修用于纠正硬件或软件中故障的维护.correctness－－正确性软件遵从其规格的程度.correctness－－正确性软件在其规格、设计和编码中没有故障的程度.软件、文档和其它项满足需求的程度.软件、文档和其它项满足用户明显的和隐含的需求的程度. coverage－－覆盖率用于确定测试所执行到的覆盖项的百分比.coverage item－－覆盖项作为测试基础的一个入口或属性：如语句、分支、条件等.crash－－崩溃计算机系统或组件突然并完全的丧失功能.criticality－－关键性需求、模块、错误、故障、失效或其它项对一个系统的操作或开发影响的程度.criticality analysis－－关键性分析需求的一种分析,它根据需求的风险情况给每个需求项分配一个关键级别. cyclomatic complexity－－循环复杂度一个程序中独立路径的数量.data corruption－－数据污染违背数据一致性的情况.data definition－－数据定义一个可执行语句,在该语句上一个变量被赋予了一个值.data definition C-use coverage－－数据定义C-use覆盖在组件中被测试执行到的数据定义C-use使用对的百分比.data definition C-use pair－－数据定义C-use使用对一个数据定义和一个计算数据使用,数据使用的值是数据定义的值.data definition P-use coverage－－数据定义P-use覆盖在组件中被测试执行到的数据定义P-use使用对的百分比.data definition P-use pair－－数据定义P-use使用对一个数据定义和一个条件数据使用,数据使用的值是数据定义的值.data definition-use coverage－－数据定义使用覆盖在组件中被测试执行到的数据定义使用对的百分比.data definition-use pair－－数据定义使用对一个数据定义和一个数据使用,数据使用的值是数据定义的值.data definition-use testing－－数据定义使用测试以执行数据定义使用对为目标进行测试用例设计的一种技术.data dictionary－－数据字典(1)一个软件系统中使用的所有数据项名称,以及这些项相关属性的集合.(2)数据流、数据元素、文件、数据基础、和相关处理的一个集合. data flow analysis－－数据流分析一个软件验证和确认过程,用于保证输入和输出数据和它们的格式是被适当定义的,并且数据流是正确的.data flow coverage－－数据流覆盖测试覆盖率的度量是根据变量在代码中的使用情况.data flow diagram－－数据流图把数据源、数据接受、数据存储和数据处理作为节点描述的一个图形,数据之间的逻辑体现为节点之间的边.data flow testing－－数据流测试根据代码中变量的使用情况进行的测试.data integrity－－数据完整性一个数据集合完全、正确和一致的程度.data use－－数据使用一个可执行的语句,在该语句中,变量的值被访问.data validation－－数据确认用于确认数据不正确、不完整和不合理的过程.dead code－－死代码在程序操作过程中永远不可能被执行到的代码.Debugging－－调试发现和去除软件失效根源的过程.decision－－判定一个程序控制点,在该控制点上,控制流有两个或多个可替换路由. Decision condition－－判定条件判定内的一个条件.decision coverage－－判定覆盖在组件中被测试执行到的判定结果的百分比.decision outcome－－判定结果一个判定的结果,决定控制流走哪条路径.decision table－－判定表一个表格,用于显示条件和条件导致动作的集合.Depth Testing－－深度测试执行一个产品的一个特性的所有细节,但不测试所有特性.比较广度测试. design of experiments－－实验设计一种计划实验的方法,这样适合分析的数据可以被收集.design-based testing－－基于设计的测试根据软件的构架或详细设计引出测试用例的一种方法.desk checking－－桌面检查通过手工模拟软件执行的方式进行测试的一种方式.diagnostic－－诊断检测和隔离故障或失效的过程.dirty testing－－肮脏测试参考负面测试(negative testing)disaster recovery－－灾难恢复一个灾难的恢复和重建过程或能力.documentation testing－－文档测试测试关注于文档的正确性.domain－－域值被选择的一个集合.domain testing－－域测试参考等价划分测试(equivalence partition testing)dynamic analysis－－动态分析根据执行的行为评价一个系统或组件的过程.Dynamic Testing－－动态测试通过执行软件的手段来测试软件.embedded software－－嵌入式软件软件运行在特定硬件设备中,不能独立于硬件存在.这类系统一般要求实时性较高.emulator－－仿真一个模仿另一个系统的系统或设备,它接受相同的输入并产生相同的输出. End-to-End testing－－端到端测试在一个模拟现实使用的场景下测试一个完整的应用环境,例如和数据库交互,使用网络通信等.entity relationship diagram－－实体关系图描述现实世界中实体及它们关系的图形.entry point－－入口点一个组件的第一个可执行语句.Equivalence Class－－等价类组件输入或输出域的一个部分,在该部分中,组件的行为从组件的规格上来看认为是相同的.equivalence partition coverage－－等价划分覆盖在组件中被测试执行到的等价类的百分比.equivalence partition testing－－等价划分测试根据等价类设计测试用例的一种技术.Equivalence Partitioning－－等价划分组件的一个测试用例设计技术,该技术从组件的等价类中选取典型的点进行测试.error－－错误IEEE的定义是：一个人为产生不正确结果的行为.error guessing－－错误猜测根据测试人员以往的经验猜测可能出现问题的地方来进行用例设计的一种技术.error seeding－－错误播种/错误插值故意插入一些已知故障(fault)到一个系统中去的过程,目的是为了根据错。
《新视野商务英语综合教程》期末试题一
1 .easy for people who are not experts to use or understandA、niceB、quickC、comforableD、user friendly2. a feeling of liking or wanting someone or something more than someone or something elseA、decisionB、productC、preferenceD、program3 .to make certain that something will happenA、ensureB、certainC、sureD、enforce4 .to bring together in a group or mass; to gatherA、collectB、putC、packD、submit5 .to introduce a new product, etc. to the public or into the marketA、beginB、startC、LaunchD、bring6 .the ultimate consumer of a product, esp. the one for whom the product has been designedA、managerB、guestC、customerD、end user7 .a written or printed list of questions to be answered by a number of people, esp. to gather data or as part of a surveyA、formB、questionnaireC、chartD、table8 .agreement to, or permission for something, esp. a plan or requestA、applicationB、approvalC、occupationD、analysis1 .The R&D Department decided to conduct this season’s survey by means of questionnaire.2 .Of all the data we’ve collected , 90% is valid.3 .The market loves our new smart phones because they find them quite user friendly4 .What I am concerned most is whether our end users are satisfied or not.5 .Tom has submitted a proposal to the senior management for approval6 .Before we decide to launch this new product, we need to ensure that it has passed the security test.7 .Most customers have a(n) preference of our Item 4 over Item 5.1 Upon receiving her letter, I wrote her back in no time.2 It’s urgent. I need to see him before I leave3 Once known, his face will never be forgotten.4 She will die before she shall disgrace herself.5 Kelman had a book published in the US more than a decade before a British publisher got in touch with him.6 After a day’s hard work, she was so exhausted that once inside her apartment, her first action was to fell down on the bed.7 Barry had joined the army immediately Upon leaving school.8.Once you begin you must not give up.1 to worry about or care about something because it's importantbe concerned about2 to try to reach agreement by discussionnegotiate3 to control or take responsibility for a group of people or an activityin charge of4 a person whose job is to find out where something can be obtainedsourcing agent5 materials such as coal, oil, etc. in their natural state, before being treated in order to makethingsraw materials6 to limit al or most of your study,business, etc. to a particular subject or activityspecialize in1 Our company______________ the production of cotton goods.specializes in2 The new company is looking for a___________________ to source products with low prices.sourcing agent3 In order to_____________________ a good price with your supplier, you should read the sourcing negotiation tips.negotiate4 Brazil imported some of its______________________ from other countries.raw materials5 I have__________________________ your health lately.been concerned about6 The new position puts him________________________ the computer systems throughout the company.in charge of1 _______ they become dirty, the lakes are not able to clean themselves.A、OnceB、SinceC、AsD、Because2 He was not really in the mood for anything ______ it dawned on him that it had not been his fault.A、sinceB、onceC、afterD、until3 . "Time passed quickly, didn't it?" "Yes, it will be only two months _______ we take the entrance examination."A、whenB、sinceC、onceD、before4 Ballet is amazing; _______ you go, you are likely to find yourself going again and again.A、asB、onceC、whileD、since5 It was already 11 o'clock in the evening ______ they arrived at the hotel.A、whenB、whileC、onceD、since1 汉译英:详细目录,清单n.inventory2 汉译英:谈判,协商v.negotiate3 汉译英:规定,约定v.stipulate4 汉译英:条款n.term5 汉译英:条件n.condition6 汉译英:运送v.freight7 汉译英:发货清单n.invoice8 汉译英:正式发给,发表v.issue9 汉译英:到期a.due10 汉译英:发布,签发n.issuance11 汉译英:专门研究,专注于specialize in12 汉译英:关注,关心be concerned about13 汉译英:原材料raw materials14 汉译英:采购专员sourcing agent15 汉译英:付款条件payment terms16 汉译英:交付时间delivery time17 汉译英:运输成本freight cost18 汉译英:订单号order number1 similar (写出近义词)identical2 lower (写出近义词)reduce；decrease3 advantage (写出近义词)merit4 disadvantage (写出近义词)drawback5 surpass (写出近义词)outshine6 stop (写出近义词)halt7 change (写出近义词)alter1 Over the years, China's automobile market witnessed great changes. China's home-grown brands are gaining strength while foreign giants are increasing their market share with differentstrategies. For instance, BMW is going to (1)__halt______ the export of Series 3 to China but localize the production in Shenyang to (2)____lower____ the cost and make a BMW affordableto more Chinese consumres.2 in addition, it has also (3)___altered_____ the design of porducts tailored to Chinese customers by making the cars longer and wider.3 Moreover, it has already introduced hybrid vehicle to help (4)___lower_____ carbon emission and save energy. however, it will take some time for this idea to prevail since lots of people are worried about the (5)___drawbacks _____ of its battery.4 experts are fully convinced that along with the advancement of technologies, its (6)___merits_____ will surely gain the upper hand and (7)___outshine _____ its disadvantages.8 She____________ the map and spread it on the table. (fold)unfolded9 We were completely_____________ by the enemy. (number)outnumbered10 They appear to have_____________ the public mood on education. (judge)misjudged11 They have_____________ our phone because we didn’t pay the bill. (connect) disconnected12 The city's population________________ its resources. (grow)outgrows13 The police have_______________ a plot to rob this bank. (cover)uncovered14 My computer is not the same machine______________ it was.that15 We tried to force the door open, _______________was found to be impossible.which16 That's all______________ I have.that17 He didn't tell me any news,______________ upset me.which18 Which is the pen_______________ you like most?that19 There is no one_______________ has such good taste as he. that20 汉译英:标准化的a.standardized21 汉译英:零件,部件n.part22 汉译英:部分地adv.partially23 汉译英:自动化的a.automated24 汉译英:完全相同的a.identical25 汉译英:用手工做的a.handcrafted26 汉译英:传统的a.traditional27 汉译英:自动化n.automation28 汉译英:效率n.efficiency29 汉译英:可能性n.probability30 汉译英:错误n.error31 汉译英:模具n.mold32 汉译英:资本n.capital33 汉译英:改变v.alter34 汉译英: 引入,带来v.introduce35 汉译英:多样化,多样性n.variety36 汉译英:影响v.affect37 汉译英:(使)停止,(使)停下v.halt38 汉译英:降低,减少v.decrease39 汉译英:长处,优点n.merit40 汉译英:明显优于v.outshine41 汉译英:缺点,毛病n.drawback42 汉译英:集中注意力于focus on43 汉译英:双刃剑double-edged sword44 汉译英:大批量生产mass production1 Could you update us on the date, ________ and agenda items? venue2 Too many people are ________ too few jobs nowadays. chasing3 We ________ some pages.skip4 Efforts are always ________.rewarding5 Others have been quick to ________ the arrest.condemn6 He drinks ________ amounts of coffee.excessive7 The advertisement aims to ________ smokers back to cigarettes.lure8 The evening news report ________ the story of the murder.featured1 The girls are really excited to see Justin Bieber in a television advertisement of SOMEDAY perfume.commercial2 The goods were shipped from a foreign port.delivered3 The governor has invited big bosses from all lines of business to the trade fair opening.industries4 Children can be seen to imitate the behavior of others whom they admire or identify with.copy5 A brand which is widely known in the marketplace acquires brand recognition.brand awareness6 James Bond is the role that made Sean Connery a super star.character1 He donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake, ________ the students to return to their classrooms.A、enablingB、having enabledC、to enableD、to have enable2 Steve, ________ for months to find a job as a sales manager, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A、strugglingB、struggledC、having struggledD、to struggle3 On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, _______ many deaths and injuries.A、and causeB、which causedC、which causesD、only to cause4 The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _______ the speaker _______.A、to find; leftB、to find; had goneC、finding; leftD、finding; had gone5 Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth, never _______ again.A、to be seenB、being seenC、seenD、having been seen6 He was busy writing a story, only ________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A、to stopB、stoppingC、to have stoppedD、having stopped1 He donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake, ________ the students to return to their classrooms.A、enablingB、having enabledC、to enableD、to have enable2 Steve, ________ for months to find a job as a sales manager, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A、strugglingB、struggledC、having struggledD、to struggle3 On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, _______ many deaths and injuries.A、and causeB、which causedC、which causesD、only to cause4 The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _______ the speaker _______.A、to find; leftB、to find; had goneC、finding; leftD、finding; had gone5 Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth, never _______ again.A、to be seenB、being seenC、seenD、having been seen6 He was busy writing a story, only ________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A、to stopB、stoppingC、to have stoppedD、having stopped1 汉译英：装扮，假扮v.disguise2 汉译英：跳，跳跃v.leap3 汉译英：追逐，追赶n.chase4 汉译英：显著的，突出的adj.prominent5 汉译英：展示，陈列n.display6 汉译英：地点n.venue7 汉译英：不做v.skip8 汉译英：亲切感，认同感n.kinship9 汉译英：有意义的，有回报的adj.rewarding10 汉译英：外星人n.alien11 汉译英：引诱，哄骗v.lure12 汉译英：指责，谴责v.condemn13 汉译英：展示，为…做广告v.feature14 汉译英：过分的，过度的adj.excessive15 汉译英：广告植入product placement16 汉译英：适应，建立联系become engaged with17 汉译英：品牌意识brand awareness18 We ________ some pages.skip19 Efforts are always ________.rewarding20 Others have been quick to ________ the arrest.condemn21 He drinks ________ amounts of coffee.excessive22 The advertisement aims to ________ smokers back to cigarettes. lure23 The evening news report ________ the story of the murder.featured24 The girls are really excited to see Justin Bieber in a television advertisement of SOMEDAY perfume.commercial25 The goods were shipped from a foreign port.delivered26 The governor has invited big bosses from all lines of business to the trade fair opening.industries27 Children can be seen to imitate the behavior of others whom they admire or identify with.copy28 A brand which is widely known in the marketplace acquires brand recognition.brand awareness29 James Bond is the role that made Sean Connery a super star.character1 What qualities and skills make a successful salesperson accordinng to the lesson?A. politenessB.patienceC.professionalmunication skillE.humorF.wisdom and persuasivenessG.honesty and sincerity1.Sales are contingent upon the attitude of the salesman—not the attitude of the prospect.A销售取决于销售人员的态度，而不是潜在客户的态度。
cannot issue executeupdate for selects
cannot issue executeupdate for selects 在数据库操作中，有时候会出现“cannot issue executeupdate for selects”的错误提示。
本文将介绍这个错误的含义以及如何解决。
下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的4篇《cannot issue executeupdate for selects》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
《cannot issue executeupdate for selects》篇1在数据库操作中，有时可能会遇到“cannot issue executeupdate for selects”的错误提示。
这个错误通常出现在使用 JDBC API 进行数据库操作时，表示无法对查询结果进行更新操作。
这个错误通常是由于查询结果是不可更新的导致的。
在 JDBC 中，查询结果被视为只读的，因此无法对它们进行更新操作。
如果尝试对查询结果进行更新操作，则会抛出“cannot issue executeupdate for selects”的异常。
有两种主要情况会导致这种错误。
第一种是使用 SELECT 语句查询数据时，没有使用游标来遍历结果集，而是直接使用ResultSet 对象的方法进行操作。
例如，使用以下代码更新查询结果集中的第一行:```ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROMtable");rs.updateInt("column1", 100);```这段代码将抛出“cannot issue executeupdate for selects”的异常，因为 ResultSet 对象是只读的，不能进行更新操作。
要解决这个问题，可以使用游标遍历结果集，例如:```ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM table");rs.next(); // 移动到第一行rs.updateInt("column1", 100); // 更新第一行的 column1 为 100rs.next(); // 移动到下一行```第二种情况是使用 JDBC API 中的 PreparedStatement 对象时，没有正确地设置参数。
(Issue_TS045)MIGO收货报KI235和C+099错误
MIGO收货报KI235和C+099错误一、问题现象在做MIGO对订单收货时，系统出现错误。
In "Quantity" view, Qty in unit of entry field, enter 50, UOM is EA.(Note: You should enter only 50 so that you can see the error message, not 40 nor other qty. In another order 60000066, 40 and 100 EA can be posted.)In "Where" view, storage location = 0002, Reason for movement = 1000.In "Batch" view, batch = A01点击check，继续，点击post，帮助文件显示：Account 41010299 requires an assignment to a CO object Message no. KI235DiagnosisYou have not defined a CO account assignment for an account that is relevant to cost accounting. System responseAccount 41010299 is defined as a cost element.This means that you must always specify a CO account assignment.ProcedureEnter one of the following CO account assignments…….继续，再次点击post或保存图标，系统又报如下错误：帮助文件显示：Internal error in FORM/FUNCTIONconvert_transaction_quantity(saplckmo) in position 3 with RC Message no. C+099ProcedurePlease inform your system administrator.二、问题测试分析按照SAP提示，给成本要素41010299加上成本中心G001，再次输入上述信息，点击Check，系统出现：忽略，继续，Status changed: missing values for required chars inL210106180 A01Message no. CL500DiagnosisYou want to save an allocation to a class with released status. However, the class contains characteristics for which an entry is required.System responseThe system changes the status of the allocation to incomplete.ProcedureIf you want to save the allocation with released status, first you must assign values to all the required characteristics. Then you can set the status you require.NoteThe classification status affects functions such as the find objects function. You can define whetherobjects with incomplete classification status are included in the search result.If the classification status of a configurable material is incomplete for an allocation to a class, this does not affect configuration.此时，凭证已经过账，显示会计凭证：转到生产订单显示界面，成本趋势显示如下结果：在物料主数据中，物料的标准成本为：61,761.67/1000EA：由此推测前面产生的凭证逻辑为：Dr: 14010100 原材料-铝棒3,088.08 = round ( 50*61761.67/1000,2)Cr: 41010204 生产成本-自制铝棒转出3,088.09= round ( round (61761.67/1000*100,2)/100*50 , 2) Dr: 41010299 生产成本-生产订单差异0.01 = variance(cr-dr)其中，第一行是直接用50EA乘以物料主数据上的标准价，然后四舍五入，保留两位小数，作为存货价值的增加；第二行是先算出订单上100EA的成本，先四舍五入，保留两位小数，再乘以此次收货的比重（50/100），作为成本转出。
an issue
ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING,VOL.8(1),1–13(MARCH1995)Embedded or separate hypertext mark-up:is itan issue?P.J.BROWN AND HEATHER BROWNComputing LaboratoryThe UniversityCanterburyKent,CT27NF,UKSUMMARYMost hypertext systems used in thefield embed some form of mark-up in each hyperdocument in order to represent the hypertext structure.Indeed,more generally,most document preparation systems use this approach.Hypertext researchers,on the other hand, say that the structure of a hyperdocument should be separate from its content.This paper investigates whether the two approaches,embedded v.separate,are really at odds with one another,and describes a technology for combining some of the benefits of both.KEY WORDS hypertext;mark-up;guide;WWW;CD-ROM;UNIX;microcosm;Hyper-G1INTRODUCTIONMark-up of any document can either be embedded within the document or stored separately.In the hypertextfield,all the expert researchers will say that separate mark-up is the only respectable approach—the structure should be separate from the content, whereas virtually all the hypertext systems that are widely used in thefield are based on embedded mark-up.This paper examines whether the issue of embedded versus separate mark-up really is an important one.We will start with four background points—highly diverse in nature—which will throw light on the central issue.1.1Background point1:the experts and the massesIn anyfield the‘experts’despise the choice of the masses.At the time of writing the best-selling book in the UK is a thriller by Dick Francis.If,however,you suggested to a Professor of English Literature that he should replace his course on,say,the works of T.S.Eliot by a course on the works of Dick Francis,you would be unlikely to get a reply that treated you as an intelligent being.The dichotomy between the experts and the masses applies in computing as much as any otherfield.Try suggesting to a University Computer Science department that BASIC be made the main programming language that is taught.Thus the clash between the hypertext experts and the masses should not come as a surprise.Note that in eachfield the expert’s choice requires more effort to understand: sometimes,as in the T.S.Eliot case,it may be beyond the comprehension of many.CCC0894–3982/95/010001–13Received1March1995 1995by John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.2P.J.BROWN1.2Background point2:is small still beautiful?A lot of us feel that small-is-beautiful is a good guiding principle for computer software. Indeed one of the reasons for the original success of UNIX was that it encompassed this principle.The UNIX philosophy was(is?)that monolithic software tools are wrong. Instead you should have a collection of small tools,each good at one particular task,that are easy to connect together so that a set of tools can co-operate in performing a task.In particular UNIX provides the pipe as a connecting mechanism,though pipes work at a low level(an unstructured stream of bytes).If this philosophy is applied to hypertext systems then hypertext systems should just do hypertext.They should not,for example,offer clever editing facilities(pattern match-ing and so on)since a specialist editor would do the job better.As a corollary,it should be easy to switch between the hypertext system and the editor and in particular the editor should be able to process the hypertext system’s data formats.An extension of this point is the‘ubiquitous hypertext’feature we mention later.1.3Background point3:confusing embedded mark-up with contentA recently posted troff document reads:‘submit your contribution in the following form:.NHYour title.LP...’Devotees of troff will recognize a familiar trap here:the content contains lines such as .NH and.LP that are troff mark-up lines.The author therefore needs to mark these lines in a special way so that they are treated as content,not as mark-up.The same point applies to any other embedded mark-up:unless the character set used in the mark-up is separate from that used in the content,there is a danger of parts of the content being mistaken for mark-up.1.4Background point4:Knuth’s literate programmingDonald Knuth[1]has championed an approach to program documentation called‘literate programming’.In this approach the documentation of the program,with its embedded mark-up,is itself embedded in the program,the idea being that you can use this compo-site whole to produce a well-formatted and,one hopes,literate explanation of the pro-gram.There are tools to extract a formatted document from the composite,and alterna-tive tools to extract the program itself in a form that a compiler would accept.Knuth’s idea can be generalized to cover other pairs of related texts,e.g.specification and design.The essence is that by interleaving two(or more)related documents,you make it easier to see the relationships between them.On the face of it,Knuth is compounding the sin of embedding.2BASICSThese background points will come into play later.It is now time to start the basic expo-sition of this paper by explaining some terminology,in particular mark-up and content.EMBEDDED OR SEPARATE HYPERTEXT MARK-UP:IS IT AN ISSUE?3 The mark-up delimits and describes the logical objects of the content.The content is the underlying text,pictures,video,etc.Actually,the mark-up is sometimes concerned with physical appearance,e.g.‘switch to bold face’,but we shall concentrate on the logical level here.Mark-up can be at several different levels:(1)embedded positional mark-up:here the mark-up is embedded in the raw content atthe position it is to be applied.This is the most common form of mark-up:typical items of mark-up say that a title begins/ends here,or the source of a hypertext link begins/ends here.Since almost all forms of embedded mark-up are positional,we will simply call this embedded mark-up.(2)separate positional mark-up:this is conceptually similar to(1),except that themark-up is stored in afile(or table,etc.)separate from the content.At its lowest level this mark-up takes the form‘infile XXX a title runs from byte75to byte88, the source of a link runs from100to106,...’.Two possible elaborations are to use higher-level objects than bytes(e.g.words for text),and to allow the same mark-up to bring together several contentfiles.(3)(separate)calculated mark-up:at the next level the mark-up involves some(semi-)intelligent processing of the contentfile,e.g.‘search for tag XXX or string YYY, and make this the start of a hypertext link’.HyTime[2],for example,supports a particularly rich set of features of this nature.This form of mark-up is rarely used at the moment,but might become more popular in the future:its disadvantage is that it is not the sort of mark-up that an author can create behind the scenes by creating logical objects using a WYSIWYG editor(e.g.by making the selected texta link source),but needs to be created explicitly by an intelligent author.Its advan-tage is that it is much less fragile,if the underlying content changes,than byte offsets.(4)generated mark-up:in this case there is no pre-existing mark-up,but a program isrun to create the mark-up for a given contentfile.The program could,for example, try to identify titles in a raw textfile,and insert appropriate mark-up round them.Often such programs have associated tables.For example a table could specify a set of words,and the job of the program could be tofind all occurrences of these words in the contentfile,and to turn each into some specified form of link.In all cases the program is likely to generate mark-up of form(1)or(2)above,which can then be used directly by an underlying hypertext system.(5)dynamic generated mark-up:finally,we can carry(4)one stage further,and run theprogram as the user views the document.For example when the user selects an object on the screen(a word,a phrase,a picture)the program can then be run to see if the object is,for example,the source of a link.(The program could do this by searching tables and dictionaries to see if there is any further information about the object,and,if there is,to link to this information.)Microcosm[3],with its Generic links and Compute links,has excellent features of this nature.Overall the dynamic approach has gone way beyond what we normally think of as mark-up,and,indeed, way beyond the scope of this paper.It is worth saying a bit more about what we have called calculated mark-up.If the content is known to be in a form where logical objects within it can be identified,the way is open for the calculated mark-up to recognize and use these logical objects.4P.J.BROWN Examples where there is potential for the new mark-up to use knowledge about thestructure of the content are:(a)a C program.Here logical objects such as functions can be identified.Mark-up ontop of a C program could therefore refer to the functions within it,e.g.the declara-tion of function XXX could be made the object of a link.(b)a PostScript program.The output from such program is divided into pages,andthus calculated mark-up on top of it could identify and refer to pages.(c)a document that is already marked-up in,say,troff.Here logical objects such astitles should be visible.(d)a WWW document,marked-up in HTML.Again,logical objects such as titlesshould be visible.Interestingly,the new,separate,mark-up could also be HTML-based.This would apply if an author wanted to add mark-up to some-one else’s WWW page,e.g.‘Add the following HTML after the title in WWW page...’.Moreover this process of augmentation could be carried to several layer s:one author augmenting another’s augmentation—though in some applications this could lead to corresponding layers of knotty copyright/ethical issues.The general point that these examples bring out is that if mark-up is specially designed for one sort of content,PostScript,say,then it can take advantage of its knowledge of the logical nature of that content,and refer to the content in terms of its logical objects using some form of calculated mark-up.Finally,as an added complication,the mark-up can itself contain extra material that is to be added to the content.Thus the mark-up may specify the name of an extra button that is to be added to the underlying content.3ADVANTAGES OF SEPARATE MARK-UPThe case in favour of separate mark-up is certainly not just an academic one.Some solid advantages are:(1)Mark-up can be applied to a contentfile(we will use the term‘file’though in factthere are many other possibilities,e.g.an item in a database)that the author cannot change.Thus the content could be stored on a CD-ROM or in someone else’sfile system.(2)The mark-up does not change the content.Thus separate mark-up can be applied toa word processor document in a proprietary format,to an image or to a video.Adding embedded mark-up in these cases would make the content unusable for its intended purpose.(3)Many alternative mark-ups can be built on top of the same content.An originalexponent of this is George Landow[4],with every one of his English Literature students adding their own hypertext mark-up to act as a critique of some underlying content.This work originally exploited some of thefine generality of Intermedia[5],which supported separate mark-up.(4)The content of the document can,within strict limits,change independently of themark-up.This applies especially if a high-level form of calculated mark-up is used.Thus if the mark-up of a C program says‘make the heading of function Y the desti-nation of a link’,then the C program could change(provided that function Y remained)without upsetting the mark-up.Brailsford[6]quotes the problems withEMBEDDED OR SEPARATE HYPERTEXT MARK-UP:IS IT AN ISSUE?5 embedded mark-up in such cases.He was working with Acrobat mark-up added to journal pages.If mark-up is embedded into the content,and then a new version of the content is issued,it is a desperate job to extract the mark-up from the original content and re-embed it in the new content.Annoyingly,this tedious task is strictly needless if the mark-up relates to logical objects in the content that have not changed.(5)Separate mark-up makes‘ubiquitous hypertext’possible.Instead of hypertextbeing a facility only available within a specialist piece of software called a hyper-text system,hypertext facilities can be made ubiquitously available,in the same way that cut-and-paste is a ubiquitous feature in many environments.Thus in the middle of a word processing session it should be possible to call up a hypertext engine that causes objects within the word processor document to act as links.If, when the word processor was originally written,its creators had no awareness that hypertext facilities would be added later,then clearly the hypertext mark-up must be separate.Microcosm,Hyper-G[7]and the PenPoint operating system[8]are three pioneers of the approach.(Indeed one of Microcosm’s approaches is to build on the ubiquity of cut-and-paste.)Interestingly many of these advantages apply to mark-up in general,not just to hyper-text mark-up.For example,if one had some raw text on a CD-ROM it would be useful to be able to add separate mark-up that specified,e.g.,titles,paragraphs,citations,etc., within it.This mark-up could then be used by a formatter.4DISADVANTAGESThe compensating disadvantages are just as solid:(a)‘One is simple,two is complex’:clearly having two separate objects(mark-up andcontent)to manipulate and to keep in synchronization with one another adds com-plexity.This is a manifestation of ourfirst background point:the experts’choice being the more difficult one.(b)If the content is independently edited then the mark-up may become unusable,andthis is not obvious at the time the edit is done.There are,however,certain pallia-tives to this.Firstly there could be an all-encompassing operating system that is aware of the relationships between mark-up and contentfiles,and keeps them in synchronization or at least gives warnings if they drift apart.Secondly,the dangers are less if calculated mark-up is used.Thirdly it may be possible,if all the parties work together,to use a version control system to control stly traditional mark-up can be abandoned in favour of the‘generic’mark-up found in Microcosm—an instance of what we have called dynamic calculated mark-up above.Unfortunately,however,none of these four palliatives comes close to pro-viding a complete and general solution.(c)As an extension to the previous point,if mark-up is embedded,anyone editing thecontent is always aware of the mark-up.If,for example,they add extra material they can decide where to put it relative to the boundaries the mark-up imposes,e.g.whether it is part of some emphasized text or beyond the end.This applies what-ever editor is chosen.The advantage is lost if separate mark-up is used.6P.J.BROWN5DOES IT MATTER?The paper so far has presented a dichotomy between two opposing approaches.It is now time to change tack and consider whether,indeed,the approaches are as opposite as they seem.Can you combine the advantages of each?Thefirst point to make is that,to many users,the difference of approach is an irrelevant detail.How many users(as distinct from authors)of WWW,for example, know what its mark-up is like or whether it is stored separately from the content?In fact it is not.Even authors do not need to be aware of the difference:if authors do their work through a WYSIWYG interface they too are unaware of what the mark-up is like and whether it is embedded.The main constituency that remains are those people who(a) want to add mark-up to existing material that does not belong to them,or(b)want to use the marked-up material with a tool other than the one that created the material.These people need to know whether mark-up is embedded.They are currently a minority, though you could argue that if good facilities were provided for such people their numbers might grow.6BEST OF BOTH WORLDS?We now move on to the question of whether,for those users to whom it does matter,the advantages of separate and embedded mark-up can be combined.This can be done by giving such users a choice,when they save a document they have created,of whether to make the mark-up separate.Moreover the user should be able to change their mind and convert from one form to the other,as the need arises.To be realistic the choice must be confined to a choice between embedded mark-up and separate positional mark-up.We must forgo the advantages of calculated mark-up,because of the difficulty of generating such mark-up automatically from a lower-level form.To achieve our aim we propose two simple software components,a Joiner and a Splitter.The Joiner takes two inputfiles and combines them into one,outputting the result.The Splitter is the complement of the Joiner,splitting an inputfile into two separate outputfiles.Clearly the Splitter needs a policy to decide how the split is to be made.A policy of relevance here,when applied to an inputfile with embedded mark-up,is to output the mark-up in onefile and the rest(i.e. the content)in the other,thus producing separate positional mark-up.Each different form of mark-up will need its own policy.The Joiner will likewise need rules for joining its two inputfiles.A simple rule is to regard one inputfile as pure content and the other as a set of edits to the content.Thus the secondfile might be a set of edits to insert mark-up into the content.The policy of the Splitter is designed tofit with its complementary Joiner.Thus for the sample Joiner quoted above,the policy of the Splitter would be to extract the mark-up and output it as a set of edits to the contentfile.Indeed in this case the Joiner might be a simple old-fashioned text editor with commands of the form ‘Insert...at position...’.The Joiner and Splitter are conceptually general tools,but,since each form of mark-up will have its own policy,it will have its own version of a Joiner and Splitter.Thus a Splitter designed for SGML mark-up would not work for troff mark-up.Obviously the world would be a better place if all tools shared a common style of mark-up,but this is not so now,and probably never will be.EMBEDDED OR SEPARATE HYPERTEXT MARK-UP:IS IT AN ISSUE?7 For each style of mark-up the Joiner and Splitter should match in the sense that if you split afile and joined it again you should end up with something identical,at least semantically,with the original.The Joiner and Splitter should basically be simple,but there is a potential complica-tion illustrated by our Background Point3:problems associated with content being mis-taken for mark-up.Assume that we have some material stored on a CD-ROM and want to add some mark-up to it.We use a Joiner so that the resultant output can be processed by a tool that understands embedded mark-up.What happens if the material on the CD-ROM already contains lines that look like mark-up?Such problems,though introducing tedious extra complexity are,however,fortunately solvable in practice.Ideally the Joiner and Splitter should be simple and fast enough to work on-the-fly,without any need for caching.Our scheme above involves splitting into two separatefiles.A further element of com-plexity is introduced if we want to split into more than two separatefiles:this would be needed if there were several independent sets of mark-up on the same content,and/or if a single mark-upfile brought together several contentfiles.Rather than exploring this com-plexity,however,we propose a system of layers,whereby the output from a Joiner at a top layer can be used as one of the inputs to a Joiner at a lower level,and so on through as many layers as necessary.At the complementary splitting stage the Splitter would like-wise feed its output to another Splitter,with a policy as to what is split off at each layer. Figure1shows how the joining might be organized.We will now proceed to give some practical details.7IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN THE Guide HYPERTEXT SYSTEMA Joiner and Splitter have been implemented within the UNIX version of the Guide hypertext system[9].Guide uses embedded mark-up and the purpose of its Joiner and Splitter is to remove some of the disadvantages of this.From its inception,Guide has had facilities for generated mark-up:for example UNIX manual pages and other troff docu-ments can be automatically converted into Guide form on thefly,with titles converted into buttons,‘SEE ALSO’items into links,etc.Hence the concept of having a program send its output into Guide is well provided for.Guide users create hypertext facilities in a WYSIWYG way,and the authors(and users)are unaware of the underlying mark-up;the use of the Joiner and Splitter was therefore designed to be behind the scenes so that the authors and users can retain their blissful ignorance.All the author needs to do is to select an option,when it is needed,to save mark-up separately.Behind the scenes this involves Guide’s Splitter,which has the policy of producing a separate(positional)mark-upfile,which we call the joiner-edit-file.The joiner-edit-file has a special comment line on the front,so that,if it is fed to Guide,Guide knows that it should call up its Joiner.The initial comment line of the joiner-edit-file also identifies the contentfile to be used(in fact there can be multiple con-tentfiles,but we will suppress such detail here).The rest of the lines have the general form:Read N1bytes from the contentfileInsert the following:...Read N2bytes from the contentfileInsert the following:...(Thus the mark-up is,unfortunately,in terms of low-level byte offsets—something of a8P.J.BROWNContent JoinerHigher level mark−upSoftware that takes embedded mark−upJoinerOriginal mark−up Figure 1.Two layers of mark-upnecessity,given that the content can be anything at all.If Guide were geared towards a special form of content,which had known structure,it might be possible to go a little way towards calculated mark-up.)The content can involve media other than text,but currently mark-up can only be inserted within the textual parts.The Joiner is a crude editor that processes edits of the above form,and as a result con-verts back to the original form,with its embedded mark-up,and outputs this into Guide.In fact the joiner-edit-file also contains a designator giving the policy by which it was created (we will soon see that several possible policies may be available).When a user comes to save a file,Guide by default saves it as embedded mark-up if the original input file used embedded mark-up and with separate (positional)mark-up otherwise.In the latter case the same policy is,by default,used as was found in the original input.Again,the ordinary user does not need to know whether she is using embedded or separate mark-up,but the user who cares can change the policy that is to be used on saving.The joining and splitting described above apply both to files that are loaded when Guide starts up and to files loaded as a result of following links.EMBEDDED OR SEPARATE HYPERTEXT MARK-UP:IS IT AN ISSUE?9 There are many cases when the user wants to go beyond the simple policy of just splitting off the mark-up.In our CD-ROM example,the user may wish to add content to the CD-ROM:extra text,button-names,icons,etc.Guide has a facility for the user to define logical objects in the sourcefile.These might be objects such as Title,Part-number,Program-listing(when a piece of program is embedded in a document),etc.A separate table specifies for each logical object,how it is to be displayed(ing X font and Y colours).These logical objects are,in fact,called contexts.When saving afile,Guide uses the system of layers mentioned earlier.The default policy on saving is to have everything in the same layer(i.e.content with embedded mark-up),but other possible policies are to have a content layer and a mark-up layer above it,or to go a stage further and to have many separate layers.It is the contexts that provide theflexibility in assigning objects to layers,on top of a basic facility to specify whether mark-up is,by default,in a separate layer or not.To provide thisflexibility,each context has an attribute(changeable at any time by the user)which specifies what layer it and its content belong to.For example the user could create a context called Annotation which had the attribute that everything within an Annotation was saved at a mark-up layer,i.e.an Annotation is an object at the mark-up layer.Given this,the author can load one or more CD-ROMfiles,add some Annotation s (and perhaps some ordinary Guide buttons too)and save the result so that everything lying within an Annotation context plus the Guide mark-up go into a separate joiner-edit-file that can be applied to the CD-ROM content.As a refinement,another context could be defined,called,say,MetaAnnotation,which allowed further annotations to be added and saved at a layer above the layer with the ori-ginal annotations.We then have three layers:(1)a contentfile.(2)a set of Annotations and other mark-up on top of(1).(3)a set of MetaAnnotations on top of(2).Any of the above three can be used independently:i.e.the user can ask for just the con-tent,the content with Annotation s,etc.,or the content with both Annotation s and MetaAnnotation s.Guide’s Joiner and Splitter can be used in UNIX pipes when Guidefiles need to be communicated to other UNIX tools.As a refinement it is possible,in these cases,to adjust the Splitter’s policy so that different logical objects can be selected.For example, assume the user wants to extract the content layer,but minus any occurrences of a Com-ment context that occurs at this layer,but instead including all occurrences of the Annota-tion context,which normally belong at a higher layer.This can be done by temporarily adjusting the layer to which the Comment and Annotation contexts belong,and then doing a save,which passes the output to the next component in a pipe.(Indeed Com-ment s could be assigned to a null layer in this case.)This goes towards the kind offlexi-bility we mentioned when discussing literate programming.8LESSONS FROM THE Guide IMPLEMENTATIONThe lessons from the Guide implementation are:the Joiner and Splitter can be used to combine many of the advantages of separate and embedded mark-up,though not theflexibility of calculated mark-up.10P.J.BROWNit helps,however,if the machinations of the Joiner and the Splitter are disguised from the user.In particular it is an advantage that Guide automatically recognizes whether an inputfile(a)involves embedded mark-up or(b)is a separate mark-up file,and in case(b)automatically invokes the Joiner.We call this automatic mode recognition.(If Guide’s internal workings had been based on separate rather than embedded mark-up,its automatic mode recognition would have called the Splitter whenever it found an inputfile with embedded mark-up,i.e.a special tool is needed if the input style does not match what the hypertext system normally expects.)furtherflexibility is gained when the author can create,using a WYSIWYG inter-face,logical objects that relate to the Splitter’s policy,e.g.Annotation s that belong in the mark-up layer.9PIPES AT WORKWe will now return to the general case and look at how marked-upfiles can be used by different systems,and how the Joiner and Splitter can help.Our discussion is based on a UNIX environment where tools(ideally simple single-purpose ones)are connected together using pipes.The discussion applies equally well,however,to any operating sys-tem environment where tools can be connected together.The simplest tool,as regards its input/output,is one where input goes in one end and output comes out the other.Most UNIX tools are designed like this,so that they can be fitted into pipes and more generally can use all UNIX’s input/output redirection mechan-isms.With such tools it is a trivial matter to incorporate Joiners and Splitters:the pipe mechanism is made for it.With more complex tools the inputfile can link to other inputfiles.We call this an embedded-file-link.Embedded-file-links occur extremely frequently in hypertext systems—indeed some people argue that they are the essence of hypertext—but they can also occur with many formatters(a document that contains a request to include another), programs(e.g.#include directives in C),etc.10ANALYSIS OF EMBEDDED-FILE-LINKSSince embedded-file-links are at the core of many hypertext systems we will discuss them in more detail.Let us assume that the user wishes to add mark-up to an existingfile F,which is referenced by embedded-file-links.We will also assume that the added mark-up is for a hypertext system and that this hypertext system is based on embedded mark-up—this is likely to be the most common situation in practice.Two properties of F are relevant:(a)is F writable by the user?(b)does the user require embedded-file-links that reference F to be interpreted as refer-ences to:(b1)the original F(b2)or to the marked-up version of F?As examples of(b):the answer is likely to be(b1)if the reference to F is to include it in a C program.If。
根据信用证制作商业发票、装箱单、装船通知
16.3.1 根据信用证缮制结汇单据:商业发票、装箱单、装船通知（一）信用证资料BANK OF KOREA LIMITED, BUSANSEQUENCE OF TOTAL *27: 1/1FORM OF DOC. CREDIT *40A: IRREVOCABLEDOC. CREDIT NUMBER *20: S100-108085DA TE OF ISSUE 31C: 20050815DA TE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY *31D: DATE 20051001 PLACE CHINA APPLICANT *50: JAE & SONS PAPERS COMPANY203 LODIA HOTEL OFFICE 1546, DONG-GUBUSAN, KOREABENEFICIARY *59: WONDER INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.NO. 529, QIJIANG ROAD, NANJING, CHINA. AMOUNT *32B: CURRENCY USD AMOUNT 39000.00(10% MORE OR LESS ARE ALLOWED)A V AILABLE WITH/BY *41A: ANY BANK IN CHINA BY NEGOTIATIONDRAFTS AT…42C: 90 DAYS AFTER B/L DATE FOR FULL INVOICE COST DRAWEE 42A: BANK OF KOREA LIMITED, BUSANPARTIAL SHIPMENTS: 43P: ALLOWEDTRANSHIPMENT 43T: ALLOWEDLOADING IN CHARGE 44A: MAIN PORTS OF CHINAFOR TRANSPORTATION TO 44B: BUSAN, KOREALATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT 44C: 20051002DESCRIPT OF GOODS 45A:COMMODITY : UNBLEACHED KRAFT LINEBOARDUNIT PRICE : USD390.00/MTTOTAL : 100MT+10% ARE ALLOWEDPRICE TERM : CFR BUSAN KOREACOUNTRY OF ORIGIN : P. R. CHINAPACKING : STANDARD EXPORT PACKINGSHIPPING MARK : ST05-016 BUSAN KOREADOCUMENTS REQUIRED 46A:1. COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN 3 COPIES INDICA TING LC NO.&CONTRACT NO.ST05-0162. FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TOORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED MARKED FREIGHT PREPAID AND NOTIFYING APPLICANT3. PACKING LIST/WEIGHT LIST IN 3 COPIES INDICATING QUANTITY/GROSS ANDNET WEIGHTS4. CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN IN 3 COPIES5. SHIPPING ADVICE SHOWING THE NAME OF THE CARRYING VESSEL, DATE OFSHIPMENT, MARKS, QUANTITY, NET WEIGHT AND GROSS WEIGHT OF THESHIPMENT TO APPLICANT WITHIN 3 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF BILL OFLADING.ADDITIONAL COND. 47B: ALL DOCUMENTS ARE TO BE PRESENTED TOUS IN ONE LOT BY COURIER/SPEED POSTDETAILS OF CHARGES 71B: ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDE OF OPENING BANKARE FOR ACCOUNT OF BENEFICIARYPERIOD OF PRESENTATION 48: DOCUMENTS TO BE PRESENTED WITHIN 21 DAYSAFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT BUT WITHIN THEV ALIDITY OF THE CREDITCONFIRMATION * 49: WITHOUTINSTRUCTIONS 78:WE HEREBY UNDERTAKE THAT DRAFTS DRAWN UNDER AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS CREDIT WILL BE PAID AT MA TURITY SENT TO REC. INFO. 72: SUBJECT TO U.C.P. 1993 ICC PUBLICATION 500（二）附加信息1．工厂出仓单显示：合同号：ST05-016105 METRIC TONS UNBLEACHED KRAFT LINEBOARD PACKED IN 1050WOODEN CASES OF 100KGS EACHN.W.：100KGS/CASE G.W.：105KGS/CASE MEAS.：(120╳60╳90)CM/CASE 2．货物检验日期：2005年9月10日3．装船日期：2005年9月15日4．承运人：SINO TRANSPORTA TION JIANGSU COMPANY5．起运港：南京6．卸货港：BUSAN, KOREA7．运输船名及航次：ALL SAFE V.76689 8．发票号码：ABC88669．发票日期：2005年9月5日10．产地证签发日期：2005年9月11日16.3.1 根据信用证缮制结汇单据：商业发票、装箱单、装船通知WONDER INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.NO. 529, QIJIANG ROAD, NANJING, CHINA.COMMERCIAL INVOICETo: JAE & SONS PAPERS COMPANY203 LODIA HOTEL OFFICE 1546, DONG-GUBUSAN, KOREA Invoice No.: ABC8866SEP.5,2005ST05-016 Invoice Date:S/C No.:From: NANJING To:BUSANL/C No.: S100-108085Issued by:BANK OF KOREA LIMITED, BUSANTOTAL:SAY TOTAL: U.S.DOLLARS FORTY THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND FIFTY ONLYWONDER INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.NO. 529, QIJIANG ROAD, NANJING, CHINA.PACKING LISTTo: JAE & SONS PAPERS COMPANY203 LODIA HOTEL OFFICE 1546, DONG-GUBUSAN, KOREA Invoice No.: ABC8866SEP.5, 2005Invoice Date:TOTAL: 1050 WOODEN CASES105000KGS 110250KGS680. 4CBMSSAY TOTAL: SAY ONE THOUSAND AND FIFTY WOODEN CASES ONL YWONDER INTERNATIONAL CO., LTDNO. 529, QIJIANG ROAD, NANJING, CHINA.SHIPPING ADVICETO:JAE & SONS PAPERS COMPANY DA TE: SEP.15, 2005203 LODIA HOTEL OFFICE 1546, DONG-GU L/C NO.: S100-108085BUSAN, KOREAPORT OF SHIPMENT: NANJING，CHINAPORT OF DESTINATION: BUSAN, KOREADATE OF SHIPMENT: SEP.15,2005VESSEL’S NAME ALL SAFE V.76689SHIPPING MARKS DESCRIPTON OF GOODS QUANTITY WEIGHT MEASUREMENTST05-016 UNBLEACHED KRAFT 1050 CASES 110250KGS 680. 4CBMS BUSAN KOREA LINEBOARDWONDER INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.3.3.1根据信用证缮制结汇单据:商业发票、装箱单、装船通知LETTER OF CREDITTRN: 1111510768COURIER REFERENCE: A/888692RECEIVED FROM: BANK OF TOKYO_ MITSUBISHI, LTD., THE OSAKA JAPANDESTINATION: BANK OF CHINA, NINGBO BRANCHSEQUENCE OF TOTAL: 1/1FORM OF DOC. CREDIT: IRREVOCABLEDOC. CREDIT NUMBER: H486-2001689DATE OF ISSUE: 070606EXPIRY DATE : 070625 PLACE: COUNTERS OF NEGOTIATING BANKAPPLICANT : TOKO TRADE CORPORATIONOSAKA 2-6-7, KAWA RAMACHI,1-CHOME, OSAKA, JAPAN.BENEFICIARY : NINGBO HUADONG FOOD CO., LTD.NO. 18 DONG SHAN ROAD, NINGBO, CHINAAMOUNT : CURRENCY USD AMOUNT 30 600.00AVAILABEL WITH /BY: ANY BANK ON SIGHT BASIS BY NEGOTIATION DRAFTS AT SIGHT FOR FULL INVOICE VALUEDRAWEE: BANK OF TOKYO_MITSUBISHI, LTD., THE NEW YORK, NY (NEW YORK BRANCH)PARTIAL SHIPMENT: PROHIBITEDTRANSHIPMETN : PROHIBITEDLOADING IN CHARGE: CHINAFOR TRANSPROT TO: OSAKA, JAPAN.LATEST DATE OF SHIP.: 070615DESCRIPT. OF GOODS: 30 M/T FROZEN PEAPODS CIF OSAKA, JAPAN AS PER S/C NO.JP070525 DOCUMENTS REQUIRED:1．SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN 3 ORIGINALS AND 3 COPIES2．FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED MARKED ‘FREIGHT PREPAID’ NOTIFY APPLICANT 3．PACKING LIST IN TRIPLICATE4．BENEFICIARY’S CERTIFICATE STATING THAT 1 ORIGINAL INSPECTION CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY AND 1 ORIGINAL B/L ONE ORIGINAL INSURANCE POLICY HAVE BEEN SENT TO APPLICANT BY COURIER5．INSURANCE POLICY IN DUPLICATE ENDORSED IN BLANK, COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK FOR 110% OF INVOICE VALUE. CLAIM PAYABLE AT OSAKA, JAPAN IN THE CURRENCY OF DRAFTS6．INSPECTION CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY MANUFACTURERSADDITIONAL CONDITION:DETAILS OF CHARGES: ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDE JAPAN ARE FOR ACCOUNT OFBENEFICIARYPRESENTATION PERIOD: DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN 10 DAYS AFTER THEDATE OF SHIPMENT BUT WITHIN VALIDITY OF THE CREDIT.CONFIRMATION: WITHOUTINSTRUCTIONS:①REIMBURSEMENT BY TELECOMMUNICATION IS PROHIBITED.②NEGOTIATING BANK MUST SEND ALL DOCUMENTS TO US, I.E. THE BANK OFTOKYO_MITSUBISHI, LTD., 2-3, KITAHAMA 4-CHOME, CHUO-KU, OSAKA 541-8535 AND/OR C.P.O. POX 388, OSAKA 530-8692 IN ONE LOT BY COURIER SERVICE AND REIMBURSE YOURSELVES FROM REIMBURSING BANK FOR EACH PRESENTATION OF DISCREPANT DOCUMENTS UNDER THIS CREDIT.END OF L/CTHIS CREDIT IS ISSUED SUBJECT TO UNIFORM CUSTOMS AND PRACTICE FOR DOCUMNETARY CREDITS (1993 REVISION) ICC PUBL. 500.有关资料：发票号码：07GESP3298 发票日期：2007年6月6日提单号码：CANE090318 提单日期：2007年6月12日船名：PRESIDENT V.006 运费：USD1600保单号码：9076521 保险费：USD150.00货物装箱情况：20KGS/CTN H.S.编码：8712.1000商品情况：30M/T FROZEN PEAPODS 净重：20KGS/CTN毛重：21KGS/CTN 尺码：(50X40X60)CM/CTN唛头：TOKOMADE IN CHINANO.1-UP生产单位：宁波华东食品有限公司(221089763214)报检单位登记号：4478633213集装箱号码：CGHU2332159(40’)封号：HD20071221NINGBO HUADONG FOOD CO., LTD.NO. 18 DONG SHAN ROAD, NINGBO, CHINACOMMERCIAL INVOICENINGBO HUADONG FOOD CO., LTD.NO. 18 DONG SHAN ROAD, NINGBO, CHINATo:TOKO TRADE CORPORATION OSAKA 2-6-7, KAWA RAMACHI, 1-CHOME, OSAKA, JAPANInvoice No.: 07GESP3298 JUN.6,2007 JP070525Invoice Date: S/C No.:From: NINGBO,CHINA To: OSAKA, JAPAN L/C No.: H486-2001689 Issued by: BANK OF TOKYOTOTAL:SAY TOTAL: SAY U.S.DOLLARS THIRITY THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED ONLYNINGBO HUADONG FOOD CO., LTD.PACKING LISTTo:TOKO TRADE CORPORATION OSAKA 2-6-7, KAWA RAMACHI, 1-CHOME, OSAKA, JAPAN Invoice No.: 07GESP3298JUN.6,2007Invoice Date:TOTAL: 1500 CTNS 30000KGS 31500KGS180CBMSSAY TOTAL: SAY ONE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED CARTONS ONLYNINGBO HUADONG FOOD CO., LTD.。