自考《英美文学选读》新古典主义时期1[1]

Chapter II The Neoclassical Period

一。新古典主义时期概述

1. 识记：（1）新古典主义时期的界定

（2）政治经济背景

（3）启蒙运动的意义与影响

2. 领会：（1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点

（2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点

3. 应用：启蒙运动，新古典主义，英雄双行诗，英国现实主义小说等名词的解释

1. 识记Definitions of literary terms

1） The Enlightenment Movement

The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality， equality & science. They called for a reference to order， reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden， Alexander pope & so on.

2） Neoclassicism

In the field of literature， the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists， all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers （Homer， Virgil， & so on）& those of the contemporary French ones.

They believed that the artistic ideals should be order， logic， restrained emotion & accuracy， & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This belief led them to seek proportion， unity， harmony & grace in literary expressions， in an effort to delight， instruct & correct human beings， primarily as social animals. Thus， a polite，

urbane， witty， & intellectual art developed.

3） The heroic couplet

It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry，which rhyme & are written with five beats each……

4） the Realistic Novel

The mid-century was， however， predominated by a newly rising literary form， the modern English novel， which，contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats， gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. This-the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century - is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution & a symbol of the growing importance & strength of the English of the growing importance & strength of the English middle class， Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe ，Samuel Richardson， Henry Fielding，

Laurence Sterne， Tobias Creorge Smollott， & Oliver Goldsmith.

2. 领会Characteristics of Neoclassical Literature