高考专题 倒装句、定语从句

一、课前回顾
二、练习题错题讲解
三、语法讲解
装句
6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中，前面的句子要部分倒装:
e.g.:
No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. =Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.
Not only does he like English but also he learns it well.
注：not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。

Not only he but also I went to the park.
7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表相同概念的肯定或否定时，要全部倒装:
e.g.:
I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.
She is a teacher, so am I.
8.so/such…that句型中，把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时，主句要部分倒装:
e.g.:
Such an interesting film was it that they were all moved.
So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.
So angry was he that he couldn’t say a word.
9.as引导的让步状语从句，常把表语、状语置于主首，用倒装:
e.g.:
Pretty as Mary is, she is not clever.
Try as they might, they couldn’t get out of the trouble.
注：如果表语是单数可数名词，该词前一般不加冠词。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.
倒装句练习
1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize
D. I realized
2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.
A. you can
B. can you
C. you will
D. will you
3. If you don't go，neither ____.
A. shall I
B. do I
C. I do
D. I shall
4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.
A. had I got，when
B. I had got，than
C. had I got，than
D. did I get，when
5. ---- Your father is very strict with you.---- ____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours
A. So he is
B. So is he
C. He is so
D. So does he
6. ____ today，he would get there by Sunday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leave
7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.
A. I have heard or have seen
B. have I heard or seen
C. I have heard or seen
D. did I hear or see
8. ---- Here ____！Where is Xiao Liu？---- There ____.
A. comes the bus，is he
B. comes the bus，he is
C. the bus comes，is he
D. the bus comes，he is
9. ---- I like football. I don't like volleyball.---- ____.
A. So do I
B. Neither do I
C. So it is with me
D. So is it with me
10. So _____ in the darkness that he didn' t dare to move an inch.
A. he was frightened
B. was he frightened
C. frightened he was
D. frightened was he
11.-In modem times，girls like beautiful clothes.
-Yes，_____ and boys. After all，our life has greatly improved.
A. so do they；so do you
B. so they do；so you do
C. so do they；so you do
D. so they do；so do you
12.-You have an English class every day except Sunday.--- _____.
A. So we have
B. So we do
C. So have we
D. So do we
13.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _____，so _____ mine.
A. does；will
B.will；does
C.will；would
D.does；do
14. Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea.
A. that I knew
B.did I knew
C. 1 could know
D. I did know
15. So excited _____ that he couldn't say a word.
A. he seemed
B. did he seem
C. was he seeming
D. he did look
16. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation.
A. he wrote
B. he was written
C. did he write
D. was he written
Key: BDACA CBBCD DBBBC
定语从句
1.主要考查的知识点：
(1)关系词的选用
(2)关系词前加介词等的用法
(3)定语从句的时态
(4)非限制性定语从句的用法
复习重点：
(1)关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。

(2)掌握只能用that引导定语从句的情形。

(3)掌握介词加关系代词的用法。

(4)掌握as和which引导非限制性定语从句的用法。

2.如何应对定语从句的考查
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who
B. where
C. when
D. which
思路点拨：首先确定先行词，根据空格后的从句I met in the English speech contest last year 缺少met的宾语，该宾语应当为sb.，故可判断先行词不是从句最靠近的my school，而是被in my school所隔开的the students。

故此，关系代词该用who/whom或者省略。

四个选项中，只有A选项正确。

1.定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。

关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。

如：
Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read.
分析：that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。

关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分
关系代词that 人或物主语、宾语、表语which 物或主句内容主语、宾语或定语who 人主语或宾语whom 人宾语
whose 人或物定语
as 人或物或主句内容主语或宾语
关系副词when 时间状语where 地点状语why 原因状语
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。

非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。

关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。

(他还有其他的哥哥)
His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。

(他只有一个哥哥)
1.关系代词的使用定义
(1)She is the woman (whom / that/who) I wanted to see yesterday.
(2)I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
(3)Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.
Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.
(4)Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
(5)To own a TV set in each family, which we think was impossible 20 years ago, now has become true.
(6)All that can be done has been done.
(7)This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
(8)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
(9)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
(10)Who is the man that is standing there?
(11)They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.
(12) Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.
(13)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
(14)We depend on the land from which we get our food.
(15)Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?
(16)The classroom whose door/ the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.
(17)As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
(18)This house is not such as I expect.(such为代词，作先行词；as在从句中作宾语)
(19)As was pointed out, this kind of substance is poisonous.
(20)This is the book (which / that) I am looking for.
规则1：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省，如：(1)。

规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致问题
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致，如：(2)。

(2) one of ＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词；而the only one of ＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词，如：(3)。

(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，如：(4)。

(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代，如：(5)。

规则3：指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little 等不定代词时，如：(6)。

(2)当先行词被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修饰时，如：(7)。

(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，如：(8)。

(4)先行词既有人又有物时，如：(9)。

(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that，如：(10)。

(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个则用that，如：(11)。

(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that，如：(12)。

规则4：指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用which的情况：
(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时，如：(13)。

(2)介词后，如：(14)。

(3)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。

规则5：指人时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况：
(1)当先行词是anyone, those时，如：(15)。

(2)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。

规则6：whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。

指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋of which ＝of which＋名词，如：(16)。

(3)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。

规则7：关系代词as和which
在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。

二者的区别主要在于：
(1) as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思。

而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”，如：(17)。

(2) 主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：(18)。

【注意】当先行词由the same修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的意思不同：that表示同一个，as表示同一类。

(3)在以下结构中，一般也用as: as (it) appears, as (it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as (it) was pointed out/said/reported/announced, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is wellknown, as is known to all, as anybody can see等，如：(19)。

规则8：
若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that。

从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
四、单词复习
五、课堂小结
Key：16-20 BADDA 21-25BBCAD 26-30DCBBA 31-35 BDCCC
四、课后练习
Mr．Jones had always wanted to make a trip into the middle of Africa to shoot wild animals．16 first he had no enough money, and then he was married．His wife had not wanted him to 17 her．At last his wife 18 to the trip if he allowed her to go, too．
“But it will be very uncomfortable,” Mr．Jones 19 her, “ It will be very hot and we shall live in a tent, and it 20 be dangerous．”“I don’t care,” said his wife, “I want to go with you．”So they bought a big tent, camp beds, a refrigerator（电冰箱）which did not need 21 and many other things which would make the trip comfortable, and went off to the 22 of Africa．The first morning, 23 Mr．Jones took his gun and left the tent, he 24 his wife a bell and explained to her , “If you fall in 25 and you need me , 26 this bell and I’ll come at once．”
After a few minutes, he heard the bell and returned 27 to the tent．“What’s the matter?” he asked．“ 28 ” said his wife, “I was only 29 the bell．” Mr．Jones went off, but after a quarter of an hour, the bell rang 30 ．
Mr．Jones hurried back to the tent, but his wife said, “I’m 31 ．I was cleaning our tent, and I knocked the bell over by mistake．” Mr．Jones returned to his 32 , but soon he heard the 33 once more．This time, when he got back to his 34 , the tent was burning and Mrs．Jones was lying on the ground, with 35 running from a big cut on her shoulder．“That’s better!” said Mrs．Jones．“This time the bell had been used correctly!”
16．A．And B．But C．For D．So
17．A．leave B．miss C．marry D．care 18．A．allowed B．permitted C．satisfied D．agreed 19．A．told B．advised C．persuaded D．warned 20．A．may B．ought C．can’t D．shall 21．A．money B．electricity C．force D．power 22．A．south B．middle C．east D．west 23．A．while B．until C．before D．after
24．A．gave B．sent C．lent D．bought 25．A．hurry B．surprise C．safety D．danger
26．A．hit B．knock C．beat D．ring 27．A．again B．back C．quickly D．home 28．A．Something B．Nothing C．No D．None 29．A．ringing B．trying C．using D．testing 30．A．again B．once C．across D．away。