121302英诗选读8
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• 【诗后的故事】作者伊丽莎白· 巴雷特· 勃朗宁于公元 1806年出生在达翰姆(英格兰北部一郡)。1838年, 她出版了《撒拉弗和其它诗篇》【撒拉佛——六翼天使 (九级天使中地位最高者),又称:炽爱天使】。1843年, 由于当时英国女王当权,伊丽莎白“国家诗人”的提名 获得广泛的支持。不幸,她输给了威廉· 华兹华斯—— 同一时代另一位伟大诗人。不久,她与有才华的诗人罗 伯特· 勃朗宁结婚,其父却反对婚事。他们决定出逃, 引发了浪漫的婚姻。两人各自出发,逃往意大利,在比 萨会合,继续一起生活;1849年,在意大利中部的佛 罗伦萨定居。 • 一日,伊丽莎白送给丈夫一件珍贵的礼物——44首她为 丈夫写的十四行诗,内容有开始时的怀疑,与家庭抗争 的恐惧,与爱人的甜蜜,及最终爱的胜利的喜悦。同年, 他们唯一的男孩出生。1850年,勃朗宁夫妇出版了那 44首诗,用“葡萄牙人十四行诗集”为这44首诗命名。 6
•英诗选读
•第 8 讲 • how do i love thee128x96.3gp
• 吴伟雄
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• About the Homework Last Time • O Wind, /If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
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1.严冬如来时,哦,西风哟,阳春宁尚迢遥? (郭沫若译) 2.风啊,你看,冬天要来了,春天难道会太远? (卞之琳译) 3.要是冬天已经来了,西风啊,春日怎能遥远? (查良铮译) 4.呵,西风,如果冬天已到,难道春天还用久等?(王佐良译) 5.哦,风啊,如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗? (江枫译) 6.啊,西风,冬天来了,春天还会远吗? (俞家钲译) 7.哦,西风啊,冬天来了,春天还会远吗? (丰华瞻译)
• 其感情浓度和艺术成就可与中国汉代乐府民歌《上 邪》相媲美。
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Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) • Born at Coxhoe Hall, Durham, Elizabeth Barrett was educated at home. She could read Homer in the original Greek and read the Bible in Hebrew. At her teenage, she developed a lung illness that tortured her for the rest of her life. Despite her ailments (疾病), she devoted herself to literature, establishing herself as the most respected and successful woman poet of the Victorian era. She was always concerned with social and political problems. 10
4 • How do I love thee_.mp4 how do i love thee-128x96.3gp
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我是怎样的爱你?诉不尽万语千言: 我爱你的程度是那样地高深和广远, 恰似我的灵魂曾飞到了九天与黄泉, 去探索人生的奥妙,和神灵的恩典。 无论是白昼还是夜晚,我爱你不息, 像我每日必需的摄生食物不能间断。 我纯洁地爱你,不为奉承吹捧迷惑, 我勇敢地爱你,如同为正义而奋争! 爱你,以昔日的剧痛和童年的忠诚, 爱你,以眼泪、笑声及全部的生命。 要是没有你,我的心就失去了圣贤, 要是没有你,我的心就失去了激情。 假如上帝愿意,请为我作主和见证: 在我死后,我必将爱你更深,更深! • ———袁广达 梁葆成译
• In 1843 appeared her long poem The Cry of the Children, which exposes the criminal system of child-labor prevailing in the 19th century England. Her works are full of tender and delicate sentiments with strong and profound thought. She is generally regarded as the greatest of the English poetesses. Her most famous work, Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850), is a collection of love sonnets dedicating to her husband, poet Robert Browning. She died in her husband‟s arms on June 29, 1861 and was 11 buried in the English Cemetery of Florence.
• …!O Wind, • If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
• 6.啊,西风,冬天来了,春天还会远吗? • 7.哦,西风啊,冬天来了,春天还会远吗? (俞家钲译) (丰华瞻译)
• 第六、第七译,算得上理想之译(但俞译“西风”惜缺 一语气助词)。Why? • 汉语是意合语言,其逻辑关系通常可以隐藏在字里行 间,不必使用关联词;而英语诗形合语言,用英语表达 时,常不可缺关联词。 • 常引用:If winter comes, can spring be far behind? • (4个音节 + 6个音节) • 冬天来了,春天还会远吗? • (4个汉字 + 6个汉字) 3
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• 换成散文 1. How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. 2-4. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height (which)my soul can reach, when feeling for the ends of Being and ideal Grace, out of sight. 5-6. I love thee to the level of every day„s most quiet need, by (the name of) sun and candlelight. 7. I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
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• 8. I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise. • 9-10. I love with a passion put to use in my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
• 11-14.I love thee with a love I seemed to lose with my lost saints——I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life!——and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death.
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• 这首诗发表于1850年,是《葡萄牙人十四行诗集》 (Sonnets from the Portuguese)里的第43首。 它将少女的清纯和恋妇的放歌揉为一体,撼人心魄。 本诗的突出修辞方式是一连串的排比句I love thee 和“层进(渐进)”,抒发出“层层推进,步步深 化”感情。诗的最后一行是情感的高,也是对首 句问话的回应和最终解决。。 • 本诗采用意大利十四行诗的格式,即包括一个八行 组和一个六行组,韵式为abba abba, cdcdcd。
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Sonnets From the Portuguese 43
How Do I Love Thee? How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of Being① and ideal Grace②. I love thee to the level of every day's Most quiet need③, by sun and candlelight④. I love thee freely, as men strive for Right; I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise. I love with a passion put to use In my old griefs⑤, and with my childhood's faith. I love thee with a love I seemed to lose With my lost saints⑥——I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life!——and, if God choose ⑦, • I shall but love thee better after death.
• 《葡萄牙人十四行诗集》书名的由来 • 用意大利十四行诗格式,为何叫葡萄牙人十四行诗? • 原来,勃朗宁夫人曾对一位葡萄牙古典诗人十分敬佩, 她丈夫给她起了一个做好绰号:小葡萄牙人。 • 勃朗宁夫人送给她的丈夫一件珍贵的礼物——44首十四 行诗,这是在罗伯特 ·勃朗宁向她求爱时为他所写的。 一年后,即1850年,勃朗宁夫妇出版了那44首诗,用 “葡萄牙人十四行诗集”为这44首诗命名。 • 如此一来,读者便会接受这些诗是由葡萄牙语翻译过来 的暗示。伊丽莎白的浪漫婚姻促成了她的,也是整个维 多利亚时代的,最美丽的爱情商籁体诗。
• Poem Appreciation • The poem expresses the poet‟s intense love for her husband-to-be, Robert Browning. So intense is her love for him, she says, that it rises to the spiritual level (Lines 3 and 4). She loves him freely, regardless of coercion(强压); she loves him purely, without expectation of personal gain. She even loves him with an intensity of the suffering (passion: Line 9) resembling that of Christ on the cross, and she loves him in the way that she loved saints as a child. Moreover, she expects to continue to love him after death.
• 翻译标准从以“文本为本”向“以人(读者)为本”的过渡,是 历史的进步,翻译学术的进步。郭译学究腔浓“雅”过头,那时 当时的文风;卞译“冬天要来了”译笔欠准;查译“春日怎能遥 远”乃书面表达,不合原诗口语体;王译“难道春天还用久等”, “难道”多余;江译“如果冬天来了”,”形似“过头,忘了 “意合”乃汉语一大优势;第六、第七译,算得上理想之译(但 2 俞译“西风”惜缺一语气助词)。