CONSTRUCTION STANDARS OF HULL
船舶的制造流程
船舶的制造流程Building a ship involves a thorough process that requires skilled workers, advanced technology, and meticulous attention to detail. 船舶的制造涉及到一个全面的过程，需要熟练的工人、先进的技术和细致的注意细节。
The first step in constructing a ship is designing the vessel. This involves creating a blueprint that outlines the specifications, dimensions, and materials needed for the ship. 船舶建造的第一步是设计船只。
这涉及到制定一个蓝图，概述了船只所需的规格、尺寸和材料。
Once the design is approved, the next step is to start the construction process. This typically begins with laying the keel, which serves as the backbone of the ship. 一旦设计获得批准，下一步就是开始制造过程。
这通常从铺设龙骨开始，龙骨是船只的支撑结构。
As construction progresses, various components of the ship are built and assembled. This includes the hull, decks, superstructure, and propulsion systems. 随着建造的进展，船只的各个部分会被制造和组装。
这包括船体、甲板、上层建筑和推进系统。
Quality control is a crucial aspect of shipbuilding to ensure that the vessel meets safety regulations and performance standards. 质量控制是船舶建造的一个关键方面，以确保船只符合安全法规和性能标准。
制造模具玻璃钢船的工艺流程
制造模具玻璃钢船的工艺流程Manufacturing fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) ships involves a complex process that requires advanced technology and skilled workers. Firstly, the design and engineering phase is crucial as it sets the foundation for the entire manufacturing process. This phase involves creating detailed plans and blueprints for the FRP ship, taking into account factors such as size, weight, and performance requirements.首先，设计和工程阶段非常重要，因为它为整个制造过程奠定了基础。
这个阶段涉及创建玻璃钢船的详细设计图纸，考虑了尺寸、重量和性能等因素。
Once the design phase is complete, the next step is to prepare the mold for the FRP ship. This involves creating a master plug, which is a full-scale model of the ship that is used to make the mold. The master plug is typically made from materials such as wood, foam, or clay, and is meticulously shaped and finished to accurately represent the final ship's design.设计阶段完成后，下一步是准备玻璃钢船模具。
3200马力拖轮规格书中英文对照
3200HP远洋拖轮规格书SPECIFICATION OF 3200HP OCEAN GOING TUG第一节总则SECTION 1- GENERAL1.0 定义 INTENT & DEFINITION本规格书以及总图主要用于描述建造1艘双机双定距桨拖轮，并配有设施用于港作、停泊、远洋拖曳、海洋工作和其他作业的拖轮。
This specification together with the GA drawing is intended to describe the construction of a twin engines and twin fixed pitch screws tug completely equipped for harbor operation, mooring, ocean going towing, sea working and other related duties.该拖轮入BV船级社符号为：1 +HULL +MACH，UN-RESTRICTED NAVIGATION。
It will be classed to BV notation: 1 +HULL +MACH，UN-RESTRICTED NAVIGATION1.1总体描述GENERAL DESCRIPTION本船为全焊接钢结构，双机双定距桨安装在船尾部固定的导管内。
居住舱室位于主甲板和升高甲板。
主体由五道水密横舱壁分成如下若干个舱室，详见总图。
This vessel is to be all welded steel construction with twin engines and twin fixed pitch propellers inside fixed nozzles. The vessel’s accommodation is to be located on the main deck and raised (forecastle) deck. The main hull is to be divided by five (5) transverse WT Bulkheads into the following compartments:1）艏尖压载水舱（兼作淡水舱）Forepeak ballast tank (double as FW tank)2）左右淡水舱和双层底淡水舱FW tank( P&S) and double bottom FW tank3）机舱内燃油双层底舱和燃油边舱Engine room with double bottom F.O. tank and F.O.side tank4）左右及中间燃油舱 F.O. (P&S) center tanks5）舵机舱及左右燃油舱Steering gear compartment and F.O. tank (P&S)6）左右压载水舱Ballast tanks (P&S)主甲板布置有下列舱室：餐厅、厨房及干粮库、1个甲板储藏室、1个4人间及1个2人间、1个盥洗间、1个空调室（暂定）须安装中央空调。
工程建设标准英汉术语库
工程建设标准英汉术语库Code for construction project document filing and arrangement 建设工程文件归档整理规范Code of design of grain storehouses 粮食平房仓设计规范Unified standard for constructional quality 建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准Technical code of composite steel-form 组合钢模板技术规范Code for construction quality acceptance of building decoration 建筑装饰装修工程质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures 钢结构工程施工质量验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial boiler installation engineering 工业锅炉安装工程施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of power convertor equipment 电气装置安装工程电力变流设备施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Standard for hand-over test of electric equipment 电气装置安装工程电气设备交接试验标准Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of bus-bar device 电气装置安装工程母线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of high voltage appliance 电气装置安装工程高压电器施工及验收规范Code for design of industrial water softening and demineralization 工业用水软化除盐设计规范Code for seismic assessment of outdoor gas and heating engineering facilities 室外煤气热力工程设施抗震鉴定标准Code for design of industrial metal pipeline engineering 工业金属管道设计规范Standard for quality inspection and assessment of precast concrete members 预制混凝土构件质量检验评定标准Code for construction project management 建设工程监理规范Code for planning of urban sewerage engineering 城市排水工程规划规范Code for design of workshop for pig slaughter and segmentation 猪屠宰与分割车间设计规范Code for design of industrial metallic pipeline engineering 砌体工程检测技术标准Standard for design of intelligent buildings 智能建筑设计标准Code for design of fire communication and command system 消防通信指挥系统设计规范Code for engineering acceptance of generic cabling system for building and campus 建筑与建筑群综合布线系统工程验收规范Code for engineering design of generic cabling system for building and campus 建筑与建筑群综合布线系统工程设计规范Standard for quality inspection and assessment of erection works of elevators 电梯安装工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of brick works for industrial furnaces 工业炉砌工程质量检验评定标准Code for engineering surveying of subway and light 地下铁道、轻轨交通工程测量规范Code for geotechnical engineering investigation of subway and light rail transit 地下铁道、轻轨交通岩土工程勘察规范Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction erection works(container) 建筑安装工程质量检验评定标准(容器工程)Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction erection works (general machinery equipment) 建筑安装工程质量检验说不定标准(通用机械设备安装工程)Standard for quality inspection and assessment of Ventilation and air-conditioning works 通风与空调工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of ventilation and air-conditioning works 建筑电气安装工程质量评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building heating，sanitary and gas engineering 建筑采暖卫生与煤气工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction 建筑工程质量检验评定标准Unified standard for quality inspection and assessment of building constructional erection works 建筑安装工程质量检验评定统一标准Code for construction and acceptance of subway engineering 地下铁道工程施工及验收规范Code for planning of scenic area 风景名胜区规划规范Standard for basic terms of electric power engineering 电力工程基本术语标准Technical standard for water supply well 供水管井技术规范Code for design of cement plants 水泥工厂设计规范Code for design of general plan and transportation of nuclear power plants 核电厂总平面及运输设计规范Code for planning of urban electric power 城市电力规划规范Standard for reliability evaluation of civil buildings 民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准Code for appraisal of real estate 房地产估价规范Technical code for application of geosynthetics 土工合成材料应用技术规范Code for comprehensive planning of urban engineering pipeline 城市工程管线综合规划规范Code for design of irrigation and drainage 灌溉与排水工程设计规范Code for geological investigation of water resources and hydropower engineering 水利水电工程地质勘察规范Code for design of levee projects 堤防工程设计规范Standard for protection distance from highway to AM，FM and TV rebroadcast stations 调幅收音台和调频电视转播台与公路防护商距标准Code for fire protection design of aircraft hangar 飞机库设计防火规范Unified standard of reliability design of highway engineering structures 公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Code for planning of urban water supply engineering 城市给水工程规化规范Code for construction and acceptance of foam fire extinguishing systems 泡沫灭火系统施工及验收规范Standard for basic terminology of urban planning 城市规划基本术语标准Standard for fundamental terms of geotechnical engineering 岩土工程基本术语标准Code for construction and acceptance of crane installation engineering 起重设备安装工程施工验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of casting equipment installation engineering 铸造设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of crusher and mill equipment installation engineering 破碎粉磨设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of compressor, fan and pump installation engineering 压缩机、风机、泵安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial boiler installation engineering 制冷设备空气分离设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of forging - press equipment installation engineering 锻压设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of metal - cutting machine installation engineering 金属切削机床安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of continuous conveyer equipment installation engineering 连续输送设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for measurement method of dynamic properties of subsoil 地基动力特性测试规范Code for construction and acceptance of water supply and sewerage pipeline engineering 给水排水管道工程施工及验收规范Code for seismic design of nuclear power plants 核电厂抗震设计规范Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses 工程岩体试验方法标准Code for design of pumping stations 泵站设计规范Code for design of heat insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe lines 工业设备及管道绝热工程设计规范Code for installation and acceptance of gas fire extinguishing systems 气体灭火系统施工及验收规范Standard for fundamental terms of railway engineering 铁路工程基本术语标准Code for construction and acceptance of automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems 自动喷水灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for design of seismic of electrical installations 电力设施抗震设计规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric lighting devices 电气装置安装工程电气照明装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of 1kV and under feeder cable engineering 电气装置安装工程1KV及以下配线工程施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric device within explosion and fire hazard atmospheres 电气装置安装工程爆炸和火灾危险环境电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of power convertor equipment 电气装置安装工程起重机电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance oflow-voltage apparatus 电气装置安装工程低压电器施工及验收规范Code for design of oil transmission pipeline engineering 输油管道理工程设计规范Unified standard for quality inspection and assessment of industrial erection engineering 工业安装工程质量检验说不定统一标准Code for design of gas transmission pipeline engineering 输气管道工程设计规范Code for construction and acceptance of ventilation and air-conditioning works 通风与空调工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of heating and sanitary works 采暖与卫生工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of welding works of on-site equipment and industrial pipeline 现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial metallic pipeline engineering 工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of 110～kV over-head electrical power transmission 110～500kV架空电力线路施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering 机械设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for fire protection design of power plant and substation 火力发电厂与变电所设计防火规范Standard for foundational terminology of engineering survey 工程测量基本术语标准Code for design of installation of shunt capacitors 并联电容器装置设计规范Code for design of railway passenger station buildings 铁路旅客车站建筑设计规范Code for design of civil air defense works 人民防空工程设计规范Standard for quality inspection and assessment of anticorrosion engineering of buildings 建筑防腐蚀工程质量检验评定标准Standard for classification of seismic protection of buildings 建筑抗震设防分类标准Code for fire prevention design of interior decoration of buildings 建筑内部装修设计防火规范Standard for quality inspection and assessment of structural steel engineering 钢结构工程质量检验评定标准Code for planning design of transport on urban road 城市道路交通规划设计规范Code for design on water spray for extinguishing systems 水喷雾灭火系统设计规范Standard for classification of engineering rock masses 工程岩体分级标准Code for design of cables of electric works 电力工程电缆设计规范Unified standard for reliability design of railway 铁路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Code for the colliery design of coal mining industry 煤炭工业矿井设计规范Code for construction and acceptance of mining pit engineering 矿山井巷工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of building corrosion prevention works 建筑防腐蚀工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of brick works for industrial furnaces 工业炉砌筑工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of ground and floor engineering 建筑地面工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of underground water proof engineering 地下防水工程施工验收规范Technical code for roof engineering 屋面工程技术规范Code for construction and acceptance of timber structure engineering 木结构工程施工质量验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of masonry structure engineering 砌体工程施工质量验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of foundation engineering 地基与基础工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of earthwork and blasting engineering 土方与爆破工程施工及验收规范Standard for flood control 防洪标准Technical code for CATV system 有线电视系统工程技术规范Unified standard for reliability design of hydraulic engineering structures 水利水电工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Technical code for civil closed circuit monitoring TV system engineering 民用闭路监视电视系统工程技术规范Code for design of open pit coal mine engineering 露天煤矿工程设计规范Code for design of high and medium expansion foam for extinguishing systems 高倍数、中倍数泡沫灭火系统设计规范(2002年版）Code for design of producer gas stations 发生炉煤气站设计规范Code for safety of power supply and consumption in engineering construction site 建设工程施工现场面供用电安全规范Code for design of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems 二氧化碳灭火系统设计规范Code for design of river port engineering 河港工程设计规范Code for design of earthquake -resistant of structural constructions 构筑物抗震设计规范Code for design of anti-microvibration of multistory factory floor 多层厂房楼盖抗微振设计规范Standard for design of air conditioning and energy conservation in tourism hotel buildings 旅游旅馆建筑热工与空气调节节能设计标准Standard for planning of rural village and town 村镇规划标准Code for design of general plan for industrial enterprises 工业企业总平面设计规范Standard for basic terms of port engineering 港口工程基本术语标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of heat insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipelines 工业设备及管道绝热工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of industrial metal pipeline engineering 工业金属管道工程质量检验评定标准Code for fire protection design of crude 原油和天然气工程设计防火规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of electrical appliances 电气装置安装工程电梯电气装置施工及验收规范Technical code for constructional engineering in flood distention basin 蓄滞洪区建筑工程技术规范Code of urban Residential areas planning m Design 城市居住区规划设计规范Code for measurement of fluid flow in open channels 河流流量测验规范Standard for climatic region-alizarin for building and civil engineering 建筑气候区划标准Code for design of hydrogen and oxygen stations 氢氧站设计规范Code for thermal design of civil buildings 民用建筑热工设计规范Code for construction and acceptance of open pit coal-mine engineering 露天煤矿工程施工及验收规范Code for design of electric computer room 电子计算机机房设计规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of 35kV and under over-head power levels 电气装置安装工程35kV及以下架空电力线路施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of battery 电气装置安装工程蓄电池施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installation and acceptance of switchboard outfit, complete cubicle and secondary circuit 电气装置安装工程盘、柜及二次回路结线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code of construction and acceptance of rotating electrical machines 电气装置安装工程旋转电机施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of earthed devices 电气装置安装工程接地装置施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of cable levels 电气装置安装工程电缆线路施工及验收规范Code for engineering photogrammetric 工程摄影测量标准Code for construction and acceptance of automatic fire alarm systems 火灾自动报警系统施工及验收规范Technical code for maintenance and strengthening of ancient timber buildings 古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范Standard for quality control of concrete 混凝土质量控制标准Code for design of halonalkane 1301 fore extinguishing systems 卤代烷1301灭火设计规范Standard for road engineering drawing 道路工程制图标准Code for safety design of fire-works and firecrackers plants 烟花爆竹工厂设计安全规范code for fire protection design of petrochemical enterprises 石油化工企业设计防火规范Code for measurement of suspended sediment in open channels 河流悬移质泥沙测验规范Unified standard for reliability design of port engineering 港口工程结构可靠度设计统一标准code for design of under-ground railway 地下铁道设计规范Code for design of small petrochemical storage depots and service stations 小型石油库及汽车加油站设计规范Standard for terminology of heating，ventilation and air-conditioning 采暖通风与空气调节术语标准Code for safety design of underground and earth powder and explosive warehouse 地下及覆土火药炸药仓库设计安全生产规范Unified standard for reliability design of engineering structures 工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Standard for test methods of concrete structures 混凝土结构试验方法标准Code for design of low expansion foam extinguishing systems 低倍数泡沫灭火系统设计规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of high voltage appliance 电气装置安装工程高压电器施工及验收规范Technical code for application of fly ash concrete 粉煤灰混凝土应用技术规程Standard for classification of soils 土的分类标准Standard for reliability evaluation of industrial factory buildings 工业厂房可靠性鉴定标准Standard for protective spacing of radio interference from over-head electric lines，substations to 架空电力线路、变电所对电视差转台、转播台无线电干扰防护间距标准Standard for protective spacing between medium, short wave broadcast transmitting station and electric cable carrier telecommunication systems 中、短波广播发射台与电缆载波通信系统的防护间距标准Code for construction and acceptance of constructional structures of water supply and sewerage 给水排水构筑物施工及验收规范Code for design of extinguisher disposition in buildings 建筑灭火器配置设计规范Standard for navigation of inland river 内河通航标准Standard for observation of water level 水位观测标准Standard for classification of urban land and for planning of constructional land 城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准Code for design of disposal of electroplating waste water 电镀废水治理设计规范Code for design of high-rise structures 高耸结构设计规范Code for construction and acceptance of civil air defense works 人防工程施工及验收规范Standard for design of artificial lighting in civil buildings 民用建筑照明设计标准Standard for basic terms and general symbols used in structural design of engineering 工程结构设计基本术语和通用符号Standard for quality inspection and assessment of installation works for automatic instruments 自动化仪表安装工程质量检验评定标准Technical code for reinforced concrete lift-slab structure 钢筋混凝土升板结构技术规范Standard for test methods of basic mechanical properties of masonry 砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准Code for construction and acceptance of stand cylindrical steel welded oil storing tank 立式圆筒开形钢制焊接油罐施工及验收规范Technical code for aerial ropeway engineering 架空索道工程技术规范Code for construction and acceptance of heat insulation in industrial equipment and pipe work 工业设备及管道绝热工程施工及验收规范Standard for basic terms used in design of water supply and sewerage engineering 给水排水设计基本术语标准Standard for terms used in road engineering 道路工程术语标准Standard for test methods of earthworks 土工试验方法标准Code for measurement of noise in industrial enterprises 工业企业噪声测量规范Standard for assessment of building sound insulation 建筑隔声评价标准Code for design of community television system in industrial enterprises 工业企业共用天线电视系统设计规范Technical code for application of admixture in concrete 混凝土外加剂应用技术规范Code for sound insulation design of civil buildings 民用建筑隔声设计规范Standard for earthquake-resistant evaluation of industrial constructional structures 工业构筑物抗震鉴定标准Code for design of automatic fire alarm systems 火灾自动报警系统设计规范Code for design of close circuit television system 工业电视系统工程设计规范Standard for heating，ventilation and air-conditioning drawings 采暖通风与空气调节制图标准Technical code for construction using hydraulic slip formworks 液压滑动模板施工技术规范Technical code for buildings in swelling soil zone 膨胀土地区建筑技术规范Code for seismic design of railway engineering 铁路工程抗震设计规范Code for design of haton1211fire extinguishing systems 卤代烷1211灭火系统设计规范Technical code for water proof in underground engineering 地下工程防水技术规范Standard for inspection and assessment of strength of concrete 混凝土强度检验评定标准Standard for water supply and sewerage drawing 给水排水制图标准Standard for structural drawing 建筑结构制图标准Standard for architectural drawing 建筑制图标准Standard for general layout drawing 总图制图标准Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water 工业循环冷却水设计规范Standard for modular coordination of building staircases 建筑楼梯模数协调标准Standard for modular coordination of dwelling houses 住宅建筑模数协调标准Code for design of secondary and primary school buildings 中小学校建筑设计规范Code for fire protection design of civil air defense works 人民防空工程设计防火规范Code for construction and acceptance of cement concrete pavement 水泥混凝土路面施工及验收规范Code for design of dwelling houses 住宅设计规范Standard for terms and symbols used in hygrometry 水文基本术语和符号标准Code for construction and acceptance of spherical tank 球形储罐施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial automatic instrument works 工业自动化仪表工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of asphalt pavement 沥青路面施工及验收规范Code for design of railway stations and railway terminals 铁路车站及枢纽设计规范Code for design of railway line 铁路线路设计规范Code for safety design of civil explosive materials manufacturing plants 民用爆破器材工厂设计安全规范Code for measurement of sound-absorbing coefficient and specific acoustic impedance of standing-wave 驻波管法吸声系数与声阻抗率测量规范Code for design of noise control in industrial enterprises 工业企业噪声控制设计规范Technical code for concrete rock bolts shore 锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范Technical code for sprinkling irrigation engineering 喷灌工程技术规范Code for design of automatic fire sprinkler systems 自动喷水灭火系统设计规范Standard for terminology and symbols used in design of building structures 建筑结构设计术语和符号标准Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete 普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法Standard for test methods of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete 普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture 普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法Code for design of telecommunications earthing in industrial enterprises 工业企业通信接地设计规范Code for construction and acceptance of chimney works 烟囱工程施工及验收规范Code for design of reinforced concrete silos 钢筋混凝土筒仓设计规范Code for measurement of reverberation time in hall 厅堂混响时间测量规范Code for measurement of building sound insulation 建筑隔声测量规范Code for design of petroleum depots 石油库设计规范Code for design of industrial clean rooms 洁净厂房设计规范Code for design of cold-storages 冷库设计规范Code for design of small-sized hydropower stations 小型水力发电站设计规范Code for design of mine electrical power equipment 矿山电力装置设计规范Code for structural design of water supply and sewerage engineering 给水排水工程结构设计规范Unified standard for design of building structures 建筑结构设计统一标准Code for fire protection design of garage, motor repair shop and parking area 汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范Code for construction and acceptance of installation works of refrigeration equipment 制冷设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for design of earthing of industrial and civil electrical installation 工业与民用电力装置的接地设计规范Code for design of over-voltage protection of industrial and civil electrical installation 工业与民用电力装置的过电压保护设计规范Code for design of electrical measuring instrumentation of electrical installation 电力装置的电气测量仪表装置设计规范Code for design of relaying protection and automatic device of electric power installation 电力装置的继电保护和自动装置设计规范Code for design of 66KV or under over-head electrical power transmission line 66KV及以下架空电力线路设计规范Code for design of 3～110KV high voltage electrical installations 35～110KV高压配电装置设计规范Code for design of 35～110KV 35～110KV变电所设计规范Code for design of electric installations within explosion and fire hazard atmospheres 爆炸和火灾危险环境电力装置设计规范Code for design of lightning protection of buildings 建筑物防雷设计规范Code for design of electrical equipment of electroheat installations 电热设备电力装置设计规范Code for design of power distribution of general electrical installations 通用用电设备配电设计规范Code for design of low voltage power distribution installations and wiring systems 低压配电装置及线路设计规范Code for design of 10KV or under substations 10KV及以下变电所设计规范Code for design of electric power supply systems 供配电系统设计规范Code for design of chimneys 烟囱设计规范Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water treatment 工业循环冷却水处理设计规范Code for design of small-sized power plant 小型火力发电厂设计规范Code for measurement of sound-absorbing coefficient in reverberation room 混响室法吸声系数测量规范Code for design of corrosion prevention of industrial buildings 工业建筑防腐蚀设计规范Code for fire protection design of high-rise buildings 高层民用建筑设计防火规范Standard for seismic assessment of outdoor water supply and sewerage engineering facilities 室外给水排水工程设施抗震鉴定标准Code for design of telecommunication in industrial enterprises 工业企业通信设计规范Code for design of boiler house 锅炉房设计规范Code for design of dynamic machine foundation 动力机器基础设计规范Code for fire protection design of rural buildings 村镇建筑设计防火规范Code for design of basement for civil air defense 人民防空地下室设计规范Code of design for ground surface and floor of buildings 建筑地面设计规范Standard for artificial lighting design of industrial enterprises 工业企业照明设计标准Code for earthquake-resistant design of outdoor water supply, sewerage, gas and heating engineering 室外给水排水和煤气热力工程抗震设计规范Code for design of acetylene stations 乙炔站设计规范Code for design of oxygen station 氧气站设计规范Code for design of compressed air stations 压缩空气站设计规范Code for design of city gas engineering 城镇燃气设计规范Code for hydrogeological investigation of water supply 供水水文地质勘察规范Code for engineering surveying 工程测量规范Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone 湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范Standard for earthquake-resistant evaluation of buildings 建筑抗震鉴定标准Code for design of road in factories and mining areas 厂矿道路设计规范Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering 岩土工程勘察规范Code for design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning 采暖通风与空气调节设计规范Technical code for design of cold-formed thin -wall steel structures 冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范Code for design of steel structures 钢结构设计规范Code for fire protection design of buildings 建筑设计防火规范Code for design of building water supply and sewerage 建筑给水排水设计规范Code for design of outdoor sewerage engineering 室外排水设计规范Code for design of outdoor water supply engineering 室外给水设计规范Code for design of standard track gauge railway in industrial enterprises 工业企业标准轨距铁路设计规范Code for seismic design of buildings 建筑抗震设计规范Code for design of concrete structures 混凝土结构设计规范Loading code for design of building structures 建筑结构荷载规范Code for design of building 建筑地基基础设计规范Standard for modular coordination of factory buildings 厂房建筑模数协调标准Code for design of timber structures 木结构设计规范Code for design of masonry structures 砌体结构设计规范Unified standard for modular coordination of buildings 建筑模数协调统一标准Unified standard for building drawing 房屋建筑制图统一标准。
船舶建造质量KR船级社标准
No.47 Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard (1996) 船舶建造标准(Rev. 1, 1999)(Rev.2, Dec. 2004)(Rev.3, Nov. 2006)(Rev.4, Aug. 2008)PART A - SHIPBUILDING AND REMEDIAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION 新建船舶建造质量标准1. Scope 范围2. General requirements for new construction 新造船舶总体要求3. Qualification of personnel and procedures 人员资质和程序认可3.1 Qualification of welders 焊工资质3.2 Qualification of welding procedures 焊接程序3.3 Qualification of NDE operators NDT人员资质4. Materials 材料4.1 Materials for structural members 结构材料4.2 Surface conditions 表面质量5. Gas Cutting 火焰切割6. Fabrication and fairness 装配和校正6.1 Flanged longitudinals and flanged brackets6.2 Built-up sections6.3 Corrugated bulkheads6.4 Pillars, brackets and stiffeners6.5 Maximum heating temperature on surface for line heating6.6 Block assembly6.7 Special sub-assembly6.8 Shape6.9 Fairness of plating between frames6.10 Fairness of plating with frames6.11 Preheating for welding hull steels at low temperature7. Alignment 对齐与对中8. Welding Joint Details焊接接头详细8.1 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation (manual welding and semi-automatic welding)8.2 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation (manual welding and semi-automatic welding)8.3 Butt and fillet weld profile (manual welding and semi-automatic welding)8.4Typical butt weld edge preparation (Automatic welding)8.5 Distance between welds9. Remedial 修补9.1 Typical misalignment remedial9.2 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation remedial (manual welding and semi-automatic welding)9.3 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation remedial (manual welding and semi-automatic welding)9.4 Typical fillet and butt weld profile remedial (manual welding and semi-automatic welding)9.5 Distance between welds remedial9.6 Erroneous hole remedial9.7 Remedial by insert plate9.8 Weld surface remedial9.9 Weld remedial (short bead)1. Scope 范围本标准目的是船级社认可的已有船舶建造或国家规范中未涉及的内容提供指导。
船体结构图文介绍
精心整理3船体结构（ConstructionofShipHull）船体是由骨材和钢板组合而成的复杂结构体。
由于骨材布置的方式不同，形成了不同的船体结构形式。
船体结构各部位的作用不同，各个结构的细节也不相同。
现将船体进行分解，按各个部位给出结构细节的名称。
3.1船体结构形式船体横向布置的骨材间距较小，纵向布置的骨材间距较大，这种船体结构称为横骨架式结构；船体横向布置的骨材间距较大，纵向布置的骨材间距较小，这种船体结构称为纵骨架式结构。
船体的强力甲板和船底采用图单甲板横骨架式船体结构transverseframingsystemofsingle-deckhulldeckedplatetopsideplate,sheerstrakesideplatebilgestrakebottomplate龙骨centerlineverticalkeel平板龙骨flatkeel，platekeel旁内龙骨sidekeelsonbeambracketdecklongitudinal肋骨framewebframesidelongitudinal肋板floor横梁beamtransversebulkheadplate图3.1.2有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构图有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构transverseframingsystemoftwo-deckedhullupperdeck上甲板舱口围板hatchcoamingonupperdecktweendeckframeseconddeckdeckbeam二甲板舱口围板hatchcoamingonseconddecksideplateholdframe肘板横梁bilgebracketmainfloorinnerbottomplate舭部外板bilgestrake扶强材stiffener旁底桁bottomsidegirder船底板bottomplate中底桁bottomcentralgirder图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构longitudinalframingsystemofhull上甲板upperdeck甲板纵桁deckgirder甲板纵骨decklongitudinal舷侧外板topsideplating强横梁webbeam强横梁肘板舷侧纵骨纵舱壁强肋骨撑材肋板面板肋板舭龙骨船底纵骨船底纵桁船底板图3.1.4船底板中纵桁旁纵桁内底边板船底纵骨内底板内底纵骨肘板主肋板舭龙骨bilgekeel舱内肋骨holdframe甲板纵桁deckgirder舷侧外板sideplating上甲板upperdeck甲板纵桁deckgirder甲板纵骨decklongitudinal甲板横梁deckbeam二层甲板seconddeck图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构船的首部是指上甲板以下，防撞舱壁以前的船体，这部分船体处于船的最前端。
船体结构 英文翻译!
3船体结构（Construction of Ship Hull）船体是由骨材和钢板组合而成的复杂结构体。
由于骨材布置的方式不同，形成了不同的船体结构形式。
船体结构各部位的作用不同，各个结构的细节也不相同。
现将船体进行分解，按各个部位给出结构细节的名称。
3.1 船体结构形式船体横向布置的骨材间距较小，纵向布置的骨材间距较大，这种船体结构称为横骨架式结构；船体横向布置的骨材间距较大，纵向布置的骨材间距较小，这种船体结构称为纵骨架式结构。
船体的强力甲板和船底采用纵骨架式结构，而舷侧和下甲板采用横骨架式结构，这种船体结构称为混合骨架式结构。
○12○13○15○16○1○2○9○10○11○3○4○8○14○7○6○5图3.1.1单甲板横骨架式船体结构图 3.1.1单甲板横骨架式船体结构transverse framing system of single-deck hull○1甲板板decked plate○2舷顶列板top side plate, sheer strake○3舷侧外板side plate○4舭列板bilge strake○5船底板bottom plate○6龙骨centerline vertical keel○7平板龙骨flat keel，plate keel○8旁内龙骨side keelson○9梁肘板beam bracket○10甲板纵骨deck longitudinal○11肋骨frame○12强肋骨web frame○13舷侧纵骨side longitudinal○14肋板floor○15横梁beam○16横舱壁板transverse bulkhead plate○1○2○3○4○5○6○7○9○10○8○11○12○13○14○15○16○17○18○19图3.1.2有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构图3.1.2有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构transverse framing system of two-decked hull○1上甲板upper deck○2上甲板舱口围板hatch coaming on upper deck○3甲板间肋骨tweendeck frame○4二甲板second deck○5甲板横梁deck beam○6二甲板舱口围板hatch coaming on second deck○7船侧外板side plate○8舱内肋骨hold frame○9肘板bracket○10横梁beam○11舭肘板bilge bracket○12主肋板main floor○13内底板inner bottom plate○14舭部外板bilge strake○15舭龙骨bilge keel○1○2○3○4○5○6○7○8○9○10○11○12○13○14○15○16○17○18○19图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构○16扶强材stiffener○17旁底桁bottom side girder○18船底板bottom plate○19中底桁bottom central girder图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构longitudinal framing system of hull ○1上甲板upper deck○2甲板纵桁deck girder○3甲板纵骨deck longitudinal○4舷侧外板top side plating○5强横梁web beam○6水平扶强材horizontal stiffener○7强横梁web beam○8肘板bracket○9舷侧纵骨deck longitudinal○10纵舱壁longitudinal bulkhead○11强肋骨web frame○12撑材strut○13肋板floor○14面板face plate○15肋板bottom transverse○16舭龙骨bilge keel○17船底纵骨bottom longitudinal○18船底纵桁bottom girder○19船底板bottom plate图3.1.4混合骨架式船体结构combined framing system of hull ○1船底板bottom plate○2中纵桁center girder○3旁纵桁side girder○4内底边板margin plate○5船底纵骨bottom longitudinal○6内底板inner bottom plating○7内底纵骨inner bottom longitudinal○8肘板bracket○9主肋板main floor○10舭龙骨bilge keel○11舱内肋骨hold frame○12甲板纵桁deck girder○13舷侧外板side plating○14上甲板upper deck○15甲板纵桁deck girder○16甲板纵骨deck longitudinal○17甲板横梁deck beam○18二层甲板second deck○19三层甲板third deck○14○15○16○17○18○13○19○11○12○7○6○4○10○8○9○5○3○2○1图3.1.4混合骨架式船体结构3.2 船首结构船的首部是指上甲板以下，防撞舱壁以前的船体，这部分船体处于船的最前端。
船舶英文缩写
船舶英文缩写HULL(船体):ABS (American Bureau of Standard)美国船级社ANG (Angle Bar)角钢BFE (Builder Furnish Equipment)建造商提供设备BG (Bulk Carrier)散货船BHD (Bulkhead)舱壁BHP (Break Horsepower)制动马力BL (Base Line)基线BM (Breadth Molded)型宽BV (Bureau Veritas)法国船级社CAD (Computer Aided Design)计算机辅助设计CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)计算机辅助制造CB (Center of Buoyancy)浮心CCS (China Classification Society)中国船级社CF (Center of Floatation)漂心CFE (Contractor Furnish Equipment)承包商提供设备CG (Center of Gravity)重心CH (Channel)槽钢CM (Metacenter)稳心CPP (The Controllable Pitch Propeller)可调螺距桨CS (Carbon Steel)碳素钢DB (Double Bottom)双层底DK (Deck)甲板DM (Depth Molded)型深DNV (Det Norske Veritas)挪威船级社DWG (Drawing)图DWL (Design Waterline)设计水线DWT (Deadweight)载重量FAT (Factory Acceptance Test)工厂验收试验FB (Flat Bar)扁钢FEM (Finite Element Method)有限元法FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) 浮（船）式生产储油卸油系统FSO (Floating Storage Offloading)浮（船）式储油卸油系统Fwd (Forward)向船艏GL (Germanischer Lloyd)德国船级社GM (Metacentric Height)初稳心高HP (Half Bulb Plate)球扁钢LBP (Length between Perpendiculars)垂线间长LCG (Longitudinal Center of Gravity)纵向重心LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas Vessel) 液化石油气船LOA (Overall Length)总长Long. (Longitudinal)纵骨LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas Vessel) 液化天然气船LR (Lloyd's Register)英国劳氏船级社MDK (Main Deck)主甲板MODU (Mobile Offshore Drilling Units)移动式近海钻井平台MS (Mild Steel)低碳钢MTO (Material Takeoff)材料估算NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai)日本海事协会OFE (Owner Furnished Equipment)船东提供设备OT (Oil Tight)油密PL (Plate)板RI (Register Italian)意大利船级社SB (Starboard)右舷Semi- (Semi-submersible Platform)半潜式钻井平台STLP (Suspended Tension Leg Platform)悬式张力腿平台TCG (Transverse Center of Gravity)横向重心TEU (Twenty-foot equivalent Unit)20英尺国际标准集装箱TLP (Tension Leg Platform)张力腿平台UCLL (Ultra Large Crude Carrier)超大型油船VCG (Vertical Center of Gravity)垂向重心VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier)特大型油船WB (Web Bar)腹板WL (Waterline)水线WT (Water Tight)水密MECHANICAL & PIPING（轮机）：AHU (Air Handling Unit)通风装置BHP (Break Horsepower)制动马力A/C (Air Compressor)空气压缩机A/C (Air Conditioning)空调BB (Ball Bearing)滚珠轴承BRG (Bearing)轴承CAS NUT(Castle Nut)蝶型螺帽CCR (Central Control Room)中心控制室COW (Crude Oil Washing)原油洗舱DFO (Diesel Fuel Oil)柴油DPS (Dynamic Position System)动力定位系统DT (Double-Thread)双头螺纹FS (Forged Steel)锻钢FW (Fresh Water)淡水FO (Fuel Oil)燃油GRP (Glass-reinforced Plastic)玻璃钢HVAV (Heating Ventilation and Air-condition)暖通空调系统HPU (Hydraulic Power Unit)液压工作站LSA (Life Saving Apparatus)救生器具LCC (Local Control Console)机旁控制台LO (Lube Oil)滑油MDO (Marine Diesel Oil)船用柴油OS (Operation System)操作系统PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)逻辑控制单元PMS (Power Manage System)动力管理系统ELECTRICAL（电气）:AC (Alternative Current)交流电AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulation)自动电压调整计CCTV (Closed Circuit Television)闭路电视CMS (Cargo Monitoring System)货物监控系统DC (Direct Current)直流电DFT (Dry Film Thickness)干膜DG (Diesel Generator)柴油发电机DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘EMSP (Emergency Shutter Panel)应急关断板ESS (Emergence Shutdown System)应急关闭系统GPS (Global Position System)全球定位系统HG (Harbor Generator)停泊发电机HT (High Temperature)高温JB (Junction Box)接线盒LED (Light Emitting Diode)发光二极管LT (Low Temperature)低温MCU (Main Control Unit)主控器箱MG (Main Generator)主发电机MUR (Manual Voltage Regulation)手动调压器NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) 国际电气制造业协会PA (Public Address System)公共寻呼系统PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)脉宽调制ST (Starter)启动器SWBD (Switch Board)配电盘，配电板UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)不间断电源VCR (Video Cassette Recorder)录像机PAINTING（涂装）:ARD (Alkyd Resin Deck)醇酸树脂甲板漆ARF (Alkyd Resin Finish)醇酸树脂面漆ARP (Alkyd Resin Primer)醇酸树脂底漆A/C (Anti-corrosive Paint)防腐漆CAF (Compressed Asbestos Fiber)压缩石棉填料EDP (Epoxy Deck Paint)环氧甲板漆EFP (Epoxy Finish Paint)环氧面漆EPP (Epoxy Primer Paint)环氧底漆ETPF (Epoxy Tank Paint Finish)环氧舱室面漆ETPP (Epoxy Tank Paint Primer)环氧舱室底漆ETP (Epoxy Topside Paint)环氧干舷漆ERL (Erosion Resistant Lacquer)防腐漆ECP (Etching Primer) 磷化底漆EPR (Ethylene-Propylene Rubber)乙丙橡胶F/C (Finish Coating)面漆IZP (Inorganic Zinc Primer)无机锌底漆IZSP (Inorganic Zinc Shop Primer)无机锌车间底漆UTP (Polyurethane Topside Primer)聚氨脂干舷漆TE (Tar Epoxy Paint)环氧焦油漆VTP (Vinyl Tar Primer)聚乙烯焦油底漆ZRP (Zinc Rich Primer)富锌底漆WELDING and Material（焊接与材料）:ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)美国材料实验协会AWS (American Welding Society)美国焊接协会FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding)药芯焊丝电弧焊FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester)玻璃钢GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding)气体保护金属极电弧焊GRP (Glass Reinforced Polyester)玻璃钢GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)气体保护钨极电弧焊GW (Gravity Welding)重力焊MPI (Magnetic Particle Inspection) 磁粒检验NDE (Nondestructive Evaluation)无损鉴定NDT (Nondestructive Testing)非破坏性检验PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride)聚氯乙烯S/W (Spot Weld) 点焊SAW (Submerge Arc Welding)埋弧焊SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)手弧焊UT (Ultrasonic Test)超声波检验WPS (Welding Procedure Sheet)焊接程序表WQT (Welding Qualification Test)焊工资格检验OTHERS（其它）:AE (Assistant Engineer)助理工程师ANSI (American National Standards Institute)美国国家标准局API (American Petroleum Institute)美国石油协会ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)美国机械工程师协会Bbls (Barrels) 桶（美制容量单位 1桶 = 159升），C.E. (Chief Engineer) 总工程师CEO (Chief Executive Officer)首席执行总裁CIS (Chinese Industrial Standard)中国工业标准CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Company)中国海洋石油总公司Co Ltd.(Company Limited)（股份）有限公司cu.ft. (Cubic Feet) 立方英尺cu.in. (Cubic Inch) 立方英寸GB (Guo Biao)国标GM (General Manage)总经理H.Q. (Headquarters) 总部HSE (Health, Safety & Environment)健康，安全和环保ID (Inner Dimension)内径IEC (International Electro technical Commission)国际电工协会IMO (Intergovernmental Marine Organization)国际海事组织ISO (International Standardization Organization)国际标准化协会ITU (International Telecommunication Union)国际电信联盟Ksi (kilopounds per square inch)千磅/平方英寸N/A (None Applicable)不适用NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineer)全国防蚀工程师协会NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)国家防火协会OD (outer Dimension)外径QA (Quality Assurance)质量保证QC (Quality Control)质量管理（检查）ST (Short Ton)短吨SOLAS (International Convention of the Safety of Life at Sea)国际海上人命安全公约Spec. (specification)说明书，规格书sq.ft. (Square Feet) 平方英尺sq.in. (Square Inch) 平方英寸PROPER NOUN（专有名词）:Basic Design(基础设计): Preparation of specification and plans/drawings outlining the design and in sufficient detail to gain Class approval.总括性的设计规格书和图纸等，其详细程度仅足可以通过船级社认可其设计思想。
工程建设标准英文版翻译细则（试行）
⼯程建设标准英⽂版翻译细则（试⾏）⼯程建设标准英⽂版翻译细则（试⾏）为规范⼯程建设标准英⽂版的翻译⼯作，根据《⼯程建设标准翻译出版⼯作管理办法》，制定本细则。
1 翻译质量及技术要求1.1 基本要求1）⼯程建设标准的翻译必须忠于原⽂，并遵守完整、准确、规范、统⼀的原则。
2）标准的译⽂应当完整。
标准的前引部分、正⽂部分、补充部分都应全⽂翻译；脚注、附录、图、表、公式以及相应的⽂字都应翻译并完整地反映在译⽂中，不得误译、缺译、漏译、跳译。
3）强制性条⽂的翻译必须准确⽆误，译⽂⽤⿊体字注明。
4）译⽂的内容、术语应当准确，语法应当恰当，⾏⽂流畅。
5）标准中的典型语句、术语、计量单位、专业词汇应当前后统⼀。
6）标准翻译稿的幅⾯、版⾯、格式、字体等应当规范并符合《⼯程建设标准英⽂版出版印刷规定》，图表、公式的编号应与原⽂相⼀致。
1.2 具体要求1）数字表达应符合英⽂表达习惯。
2）标准中的符号、代号、计量单位、公式应直接引⽤原⽂，时间、货币、标点符号可按英⽂惯例翻译或表达。
3）⽇期按译⽂语⾔，应采⽤公历，按⽉、⽇、年顺序排列（例如，December 1,2006）。
4）术语的英⽂翻译，应以中⽂版中的英⽂术语为准。
如果中⽂版中英⽂术语表达不准确或出现错误，应由翻译⼈员与编制组共同商议后做出必要修正，并在译⽂中注明。
5）标准名称应以中⽂版的英⽂译名为准。
如果中⽂版标准名称的英⽂译⽂不准确，翻译⼈员可向翻译出版办公室提出书⾯修改建议。
6）⼈员的中⽂姓名译成英⽂时，采⽤标准汉语拼⾳。
外籍⼈员的姓名应按其原姓名或相应的英⽂姓名表达。
地名、团体名、机构名，使⽤惯⽤译名。
⽆惯⽤译名的，可⾃⾏翻译，必要时附注原⽂。
7）法律、法规、规范性⽂件等名称应采⽤官⽅或既定译法，其他⽂件、著作、⽂献名称采⽤既定译法。
8）缩写词⾸次出现时,应附注全称译⽂。
经前⽂注释过或意义明确的缩写词，可以在译⽂中直接使⽤。
9）译⽂的章节条款项的编号，应与中⽂版⼀致。
船舶工程专业英语(中英)
Chapter 1 Ship Design第一章船舶设计Lesson 1 Introduction第一课引言1.1Definition1.1 定义The term basic design refers to determination of major ship characteristics affecting cost and performance. Thus basic design includes the selection of ship dimensions, hull form, power (amount and type), preliminary arrangement of hull and machinery, and major structure. Proper selections assure the attainment of the mission requirements such as good seakeeping, performance, maneuverability, the desired speed, endurance, cargo capacity, and deadweight. Furthermore, it includes checks and modifications for achievement of required cargo handling capability, quarters, hotel services, subdivision and stability standards, freeboard and tonnage measurement; all while considering the ship as part of a profitable transportation, industrial, or service system.术语“基本设计”是指对影响造价和性能的船舶主要参数的确定。
简述船舶建造工艺流程的七大步骤及各自内容
简述船舶建造工艺流程的七大步骤及各自内容The process of shipbuilding can be divided into seven major steps, each with its unique content.1. Design and Concept: Before any physical construction takes place, a ship undergoes an extensive design phase. This step involves conceptualizing the ship's purpose, determining the intended size, shape, and features, and creating detailed technical drawings. It includes considerations such as stability, propulsion systems, and safety regulations.（设计与概念：在任何实际建造开始之前，船舶经历了一个广泛的设计阶段。
这一步骤涉及理念化船舶的目的，确定预期的尺寸、形状和特点，并创建详细的技术图纸。
这包括稳定性、推动系统和安全法规等考虑因素。
）2. Material Procurement: The next step is to source the required materials for construction. Shipbuilders need to procure various types of steel, aluminum, composites, andother materials to build different components of the ship. They must ensure that all materials meet quality standards and adhere to specific project requirements.（材料采购：下一步是为建造工作准备所需材料。
船舶英语——精选推荐
船舶英语floating launch飘浮下⽔gravity launch重⼒下⽔grease launch油脂下⽔steel ball method of launch钢珠下⽔mechaniz launch机械化下⽔end launch纵向下⽔side launch横向下⽔incline launch倾斜下⽔jump launch跳跃式下⽔dipp launch跌⼊式下⽔two-point support launch两⽀点下⽔up to slipway上排marine slipway下⽔重量launch weight下⽔重量launch grease下⽔油脂pressure bear layer乘压层transitional layer过渡层slid layer滑动层weight of up to slipway上排重量lift by the stern尾浮lift尾浮fore poppet pressure前⽀架压⼒zone of pivot pressure action前⽀架压⼒作⽤区way end pressure滑道末端压⼒dropp⾸落bow drop⾸落dipp⾸沉tipp尾落launch poppet下⽔⽀架fore poppet前⽀架after poppet后⽀架launch beam下⽔横梁trigger⽌滑器check arrangement制动设施sub-assembl部件装配section assembl分段装配unit assembl分段装配berth assembl船台装配unit erection at berth船台装配sectional method of hull construction分段建造法block method of hull construction总段建造法horizontal method of hull construction⽔平建造法pyramid method of hull construction塔式建造法island method of hull construction岛式建造法upright method of hull section construction正装法upsidedown method of hull section construction倒装法sideward method of hull section construction侧装法join ship sections afloat⽔上合拢mould bed胎架jig胎架fixed mould bed固定胎架adjustable mould bed可调胎架positioner摇摆胎架tilt jig回转胎架tilt device回转装置specialized mould bed专⽤胎架bed mould胎板fabrication platform装焊平台electromagnetic platform电磁平台position strip定位马shore定位马electromagnetic strip电磁马jip for fitt-up T-sectionsT型材装焊机temporary stiffen bar临时加强材assembly frame假舱壁sub-assembly船体部件panel板列section分段assembly分段unit分段basic section基准分段join section嵌补分段flat section平⾯分段curved section曲⾯分段three-dimensional unit⽴体分段two-dimensional unit半⽴体分段block总段complete cross section总段section assembly flow line分段装配流⽔线lay-out for assembl装配划线sequence of erection and weld装配焊接顺序plate alignment拼板position定位frame r肋⾻框架reference line for assembl装配定位线seperate method of assembl分离装配法cell method of assembl放射式装配法interpolate method of assembl插⼊装配法centerlineof berth船台中⼼线sight column望⼴柱positioner for unit erection at berth船台装配定位器frame station line on berth船台肋⾻线light target光靶pre-set焊接反变形manual loft⼿⼯放样scale loft⽐例放样full scale loft实尺放样longitudinal shrink scale loft纵向缩尺放样fair光顺fairness光顺性deviation from offsets修正值coincide in three projection planes三⾯吻合lay off of hull lines型线放样mathematical loft数学放样mathematical lines数学型线mathematical fair of lines型线数学光顺sectional curved method剖⾯线法least square method最⼩⼆乘法linear programm method线形规划法variational method变分法curved surface method曲⾯法point by point method of modification逐点修改法local linear interpolation直尺卡样法elastic local linear interpolation卡尺回弹法bend-modify relaxation method弯调松弛法interpolation point正插点inversed interpolation point反插点line of intersect points⾓点线line of tangential points切点线line of centers圆⼼线localized fair局部光顺circular spline圆弧光顺spline function样条函数fitt拟合fitt to curved surface曲⾯拟合parametric curve with sle flecnode单拐参数曲线criterion of fairness光顺判别准则inflexion preservation保凹凸recurrent force回弹⼒coincident recurrent force正回弹⼒incoincident recurrent force返回弹⼒recurrent magnitude回弹量bend direction of curve弯向chang of curvature弯势excess flecnode多余拐点bad point坏点bad point interval坏点区discriminat function定改函数mathematical development of shell plate外板数学展开equation of frame肋⾻⽅程equation of longitudinal seam纵缝⽅程equation of transverse seam横缝⽅程differential geodesic line method微分测地线法tangential development method切⾯展开法thickness modification in plate development板厚修正shipbuild information data process造船信息数据处理系统mathematical loft system for pip管路数放系统graphic data process system图⽰数据处理系统line fair program型线光顺程序seam arrangement program板缝排列程序shell plate development program外板展开程序mathematical seam arrangement板缝数学排列nest program套料程序structural process program结构处理程序nest mathematical process套料数学处理structural mathematical process结构数学处理tape out-put program纸带输出程序draw process program绘图处理程序numerical controlled draw 数控绘图data treatment and memory program数据处理和存储程序station No站号frame No肋⾻号contour line外廓线shell pate development外板展开dutum line准线mean normal method准线展开法center spot squar method⼗字线展开法geodesic line测地线geodesic line development method测地线展开法frame section surface肋⾻平⾯normal plane of shell plate外板法⾯trible of buttock lines纵剖线族tribe of body lines横剖线族tribe of water lines⽔线族camber table梁拱表frame interpolation肋⾻插值frame body plan肋⾻型线图returned table of offsets完⼯型值表finished table of offsets完⼯型值表draft mark吃⽔标志paint line⽔线标志structural member loft结构放样edge line接⼝线upper edge line上⼝线lower edge line下⼝线seam arrangement板缝排列longitudinal seam纵向接缝transverse seam横向接缝curved surface development曲⾯展开structural member development构件展开curvature of frame肋⾻弯度jig for plate development外板展开器selected mould sectionprojected frame line on selected mould section改型肋⾻型线diagonal check methods对⾓线检查法sketch for mark off号料草图template draw样板图scale draw transparency投影底图glass negative投影底⽚profile draw仿形图bridge line连割线template样板mould样板mock-up样箱cradle mould样箱batten样条mould bar洋棒multi-shape template格⼦样板adjustable mould可调样板triangular template三⾓加⼯样板beam mould梁拱样板frame mould肋⾻洋板section mould加⼯洋板template for secondary mark装配划线样板angular template for assembl装配夹⾓样板adjustable angular template可调⾓度样板template for mark-off号料样板loft office放样间loft floor样台scale loft table⽐例放样台manual mark-off⼿⼯号料mark-off from templates样板号料mark-off from mould bars样棒号料mark-off from moulds样箱号料mark-off from sketches草图号料secondary mark-off⼆次号料nest套料mark signs号料符号fram line构架线automatic mark-off⾃动号料projection mark投影号料projection tower投影塔projection room投影室projection mark table投影号料台positive projection正⽚投影negative projection负⽚投影image distortion影像畸变absolute distortion绝对畸变relative distortion相对畸变pincushion distortion枕形畸变barrel distortion桶形畸变photosensitive mark感光号料facsimile mark电传真号料facsimile mark machine电传真号料机electro-print mark电印号料electro-print mark apparatus电印号料装置synchronized scann projection同步扫描投影photo-conductive powder光电粉末electrostatic latent image静电潜像NCshapes mark machine数控型材号料pneumatic mark punch风动号料冲头shipbuild technolgy造船⼯艺two-part construction两段造船法method of build ship in two sections两段造船法tandem shipbuild method串联造船法technology of hull construction船体建造⼯艺loft放样mark off号料hull steel fabrication⾦属船体加⼯assembly and erection船体装配weld焊接launch下⽔outfitt and machinery installation船舶设备和系统安装pre-erection outfitt预安装outfitt and machinery installation on berth船台安装quay outfitt and installation码头安装dock outfitt and installation船坞安装unit outfitt单元安装unit pre-outfitt单元预装bollard test系泊实验sea trial航⾏实验construction start date建造开⼯⽇time on build berth船台周期shipbuild period造船周期launched displacement of ships下⽔量ship output船舶产量ship delivery交船operation stage⼯艺阶段operation items⼯艺项⽬operational path⼯艺路线technological process⼯艺过程technological instruction⼯艺规程method plann of ship construction原则⼯艺standard technological procedure典型⼯艺operation items detail chart⼯艺项⽬明细表master schedule总⼯艺进度表"positional flow" method流⽔定位法"specialized gang" method流⽔定员法edge preparation边缘加⼯individuals of hull structure船体零件symbols for hull steel fabrication船体加⼯符号groove preparation坡⼝加⼯edge plann刨边edge mill铣边edge grind磨边carbon arc air goug碳弧⽓刨plate-edge planer刨边机plate-edge miller铣边机shear剪切roll shear滚剪blank冲切scarf削斜flame cutt⽕焰切割plasma cutt等离⼦切割arc air cutt电弧⽓割gas cutt⽓割oxy cutt氧⽭切割oxy-flux cutt氧熔剂切割laser cutt激光切割under water cutt⽔下切割stack cutt迭板切割shear squence剪切顺序drag后拖量shear machine剪床guillotine龙门剪床roll shear machine滚剪机disk shear圆盘剪circular shear圆盘剪nibbl machine振动剪床shear and punch machine联合冲剪机semi-automatic gas cutt machine半⾃动⽓割机gantry type semi-automatic gas cutt machine半⾃动桥式⽓割机semi-automatic gas cutt machine for mark circular shape半⾃动割圆机semi-automatic multitorch gas cutt machine半⾃动多炬⽓割机全位置仿形⽓割机all position copy gas cutt machine全位置仿形⽓割机automatic gas cutt machine⾃动⽓割机profile gas cutt machine靠模⽓割机copy gas cutt machine靠模⽓割机photo-electric trac gas cutt machine光电跟踪⽓割机photo-electric linefollow gas cutt machine光电跟线⽓割机NCgas cutt machine数控⽓割机NCuniversal gas cutt machine数控通⽤⽓割机cutt torch割炬cutt nozzle割嘴preheat⽓割预热roll bend滚弯press bend压弯knuckle折⾓angle bend less than 90折锐⾓angle bend greater than 90折钝⾓flang折边die bend强制弯曲free bend⾃由弯曲concave bend of frame⾻材内弯convex bend of frame⾻材外弯length wise wavws around edge皱折minimum bend radius最⼩弯曲半径pre-bend预弯surplus straight edge剩余直边spr back弯曲回弹rubber mold form橡⽪模成型spinn旋压flow form旋压bulg胀形shot blast form喷丸成型stretch metal in center portion of sheet放中tight metal in center portion of sheet收中stretch metal around edges of sheet放边tight metal around edges of sheet收边hammer solidly around edges of sheet拨缘channell压筋rectification of distortion矫形rectification of distortion by flame⽕⼯矫形rectification of distortion by flame heat and water cool⽔⽕矫形hot form⼤⽕成形line heat form⽔⽕成形heat line加热线heated-side cool method正⾯⽔冷法back-side cool method背⾯⽔冷法width of heat affect zone热影响区宽度length of heat line焰道长度heat speed热源速度flame power⽕焰功率angular distortion⾓变形explosion form爆炸成形unconfined system explosion form⽆模爆炸成形three-roll bend machine三辊弯板机shipyard roll press造船⽤滚压两⽤机shipyard combined plate bend and flang machine造船⽤滚压两⽤机four-roll bend machine四辊弯板机press压⼒机hydraulic press with adjustable head for ship use造船⽤压头可移式液压机three-row plunger type press三排柱塞式弯板机multi-plunger hydraulic press多柱塞式弯板机NChydraulic press数控成形液压机sail-shaped plate帆形板saddle-shaped plate鞍形板screw-shaped plate螺形板corrugated plate波形板channelled plate槽形板cylindrical shaped plate桶形板conical shaped plate锥形板spherical shaped plate球形板pure bend纯弯板concentrated force bend集中⼒弯曲stretch bend拉弯torsional deflection旁弯变形cold frame bend machine肋⾻冷弯机frame roll machine肋⾻滚弯机frame stretch bend machine肋⾻拉弯机cold frame bend machine with-adjustable die可调模具式肋⾻冷弯机cold frame bend machine with multiplungers多压头式肋⾻冷弯机three cylinder frame bend machine三缸肋⾻冷弯机frame pure-bend machine纯弯曲肋⾻冷弯机frame bend machine of medium frequency induction heat中频肋⾻热弯机NCcold frame bend machine数控肋⾻弯曲机concave bend frame内弯肋⾻convex bend frame 外弯肋⾻s-bend frameS-形肋⾻steel pretreatment刚材预处理steel levell and straighten钢材矫正levell of piates钢板矫平mangle辊式矫平机plate straightener辊式矫平机straighten of shapes型钢矫直shapes straighten machine型钢矫直机steel preheat钢材预热rust removal of steel钢材除锈abrasive blast喷射除锈abrasive磨料shot blast抛丸除锈shot blast machine抛丸除锈机shot blast room抛丸室abrasive impeller抛丸器automatic primer spray⾃动喷涂底漆chemical clean化学除锈acid clean of steel酸洗除锈pickl酸洗处理dip pickl浸渍酸洗spray pickl喷淋酸洗neutraliz中和处理passivat钝化处理phosphat磷化处理pickl bath酸洗池pickl waste treatment废酸液处理acid pickl inhibitor酸洗缓蚀剂vacu-blast clean真空喷射除锈arc rust removal电⽕花除锈mechanical rust removal机械除锈secondary rust removal⼆次除锈shot peen喷丸除锈sand blast喷沙除锈wet sand blast湿喷沙除锈spray pickl in circulation循环喷射酸洗acid paste pickl化学膏除锈hydroblast⾼压⽔除锈flame clean⽕焰除锈remote control descal machine遥控除锈机adjust needle cleaner针束除锈器stripp film clean可剥性薄膜除锈section shot-blast分段抛丸除锈section shot-peen分段喷丸除锈section pickl分段酸洗除锈shot-peen room喷丸间brush paint刷涂spray pant喷涂airless spray paint⽆空⽓喷涂electrostatic spray静电喷涂agent for electrostaic spray静电喷涂助剂electrocoat电泳涂漆flow line of pickl酸洗磷化电泳涂漆流⽔线phosphat and electrocoat酸洗磷化电泳涂漆流⽔线abrasive磨料abrasive blast喷射除锈abrasive impeller抛丸器absolute distortion绝对畸变acceptance document验收移交书acceptance of shaft轴系安装验收acid clean of steel酸洗除锈acid paste pickl化学膏除锈acid pickl inhibitor酸洗缓蚀剂actual throat thickness焊缝厚度additional test复验adjustable angular template可调⾓度样板adjustable block机械墩adjustable mould可调样板adjustable mould bed可调胎架adjust needle cleaner针束除锈器after poppet后⽀架agent for electrostaic spray静电喷涂助剂ahead and astern reach measurement惯性试验air tight test of pipeline管路⽓密实验airless spray paint⽆空⽓喷涂alignment找正alignment by flanges直接找正alignment of bottom cas and bear seat下⽓缸和轴承座找正all position copy gas cutt machine全位置仿形⽓割机all position weld全位置焊接anchor test in trial锚设备效⽤实验angle bend greater than 90折钝⾓angle bend less than 90折锐⾓angular distortion⾓变形angular template for assembl装配夹⾓样板anneal weld退⽕焊approved certificate for product产品合格证arc air cutt电弧⽓割arc blow磁偏吹arc clean action阴极破碎arc length弧长arc rust removal电⽕花除锈arc strike引弧arc weld电弧焊arcvoltage电弧电压argon arc weld氩弧焊assembl error装配误差assembl on board上船组装assembly分段assembly and erection船体装配assembly frame假舱壁automatic gas cutt machine⾃动⽓割机automatic primer spray⾃动喷涂底漆automatic weld⾃动焊automatic weld in vertical position垂直⾃动焊auxiliary boiler test辅锅炉试验average linear load平均线负荷back chipp清根back goug清根back run打底焊back settl回淤back weld打底焊backfire回⽕back weld封底焊bad point坏点bad point interval坏点区band test弯曲试验bank slope驳岸barrel distortion桶形畸变base line基准线base metal母材basic covered electrode碱性焊条basic section基准分段basin港池batten样条beam mould梁拱样板beams gate迭梁式坞门bear metal cracks轴承龟裂bed mould胎板bend direction of curve弯向bend of pipewith core有芯弯管bend prior to weld先弯后焊berth船台berth assembl船台装配berth force挤靠⼒bevel angle坡⼝⾓度bilge block舭墩blade rust叶⾯锈斑blade tip deflection螺旋桨叶稍上翘blank冲切block总段block load搁顿负荷block method of hull construction总段建造法block sequence分段多层焊blocks墩blocks with sand box沙箱墩blowhole⽓孔blow吹车boat tank跳船boiler burner test锅炉燃烧器试验boiler water fill上⽔（锅炉）bollard test系泊实验bonded flux陶质焊剂bonded slag粘渣bond of plastic pipe塑料管粘接bond of propeller to shaft螺旋桨胶合联接bor for shaft line轴系镗孔bow drop⾸落box包⾓焊braz钎焊braz filler metal钎料braz flux钎剂break test for anchor chain锚链拉断实验breakwater防波堤bridge approach引桥bridge gauge桥规bridge line连割线brush paint刷涂build berth造船台build dock造船坞bulg胀形burn loss烧损burn of bear metal⽩合⾦烧熔butt joint对接接头butt weld对接焊缝butter预堆边焊caisson坞门camber table梁拱表cambered way弧形滑道canalled dock运河式船坞cantilever end load悬臂端负荷carbon arc air goug碳弧⽓刨carbon equivalent炭当量cargo handl test起重设备负荷试验cast of propeller in metal patten螺旋桨⾦属型铸造cell method of assembl放射式装配法center block for shaft alignment轴系中⼼定位块center line strip on berth船台中⼼线板center spot squar method⼗字线展开法center校中center of mov parts运动件校中center of shaft by indicators指针法轴系校中center of shaft by light光学法轴系校中center of shaft by ruler and gauge直尺和厚薄规法轴系校中center of shaft轴系校中center of shaft by calculation method计算法轴系校中center of shaft by direct connection平轴法轴系校中center of shaft by load method轴承负荷法轴系校中center or rotor转⼦校中centerline of berth船台中⼼线centrifugal cast of propeller螺旋桨离⼼铸造ceramic flux陶质焊剂chain intermittent fillet weld对称间断焊缝chang of curvature弯势channelled plate槽形板channell压筋check of axial clearance轴向间隙确定check of dynamic balance of rotor转⼦校动平衡check of play between piston and cylinder cover校⽓缸余隙check of propeller pitch螺旋桨螺距校正check of reference center line中⼼线测量check of the tappet clearance校⽓门间隙check arrangement制动设施check of bear clearance with lead压铅法check of propeller pitch螺旋桨螺距检验check of surface in contact by mark compound涂⾊油法chemical analysis化学分析chemical clean化学除锈circular shear圆盘剪circular spline圆弧光顺circumferential weld环焊缝CO2 weld⼆氧化碳⽓体保护焊coat药⽪coincide in three projection planes三⾯吻合coincident recurrent force正回弹⼒cold bend of pipe管⼦冷弯cold crack冷裂缝cold frame bend machine肋⾻冷弯机cold frame bend machine with multiplungers多压头式肋⾻冷弯机complete cross section总段complete engine set installation整机安装complete fusion焊透compressed air test⽓压实验concave bend frame内弯肋⾻concave bend of frame⾻材内弯concentrated force bend集中⼒弯曲configuration of bent pipe管⼦弯势conical shaped plate锥形板connection weld联系焊缝construction start date建造开⼯⽇consumable guide electroslag weld熔嘴电渣焊consumables焊接材料continuous weld连续焊缝continuous weld连续焊contour line外廓线convex bend frame 外弯肋⾻convex bend of frame⾻材外弯copper back铜垫copper shoe铜滑块copy gas cutt machine靠模⽓割机core wire焊芯core wire diameter焊条直径coreless bend of pipe⽆⼼弯管corner joint⾓接接头corrugated plate波形板course keep test航向稳定性试验covered berth室内船台covered electrode焊条cover药⽪crack sensitivity焊接裂缝敏感性crack test抗裂试验crack test with 500x2000mm test pieces⼤板对接抗裂试验cradle mould样箱crater弧坑crater crack弧坑裂缝cribb井字墩criterion of acceptance of radiographic examination of welded seam焊缝质量射线检查评定标准criterion of fairness光顺判别准则criterion of ultrasonic examination of welded seam焊缝超声波探伤标准cruciform crack test⼗字接头抗裂试验cruciform joint⼗字接头curvature of frame肋⾻弯度curved section曲⾯分段curved surface development曲⾯展开curved surface method曲⾯法cutt nozzle割嘴cutt torch割炬cylindrical shaped plate桶形板data treatment and memory program数据处理和存储程序dead center gauge⽌点规defective items after inspection废品通知单deflection of main journal主轴颈下沉量degree of mechanization in weld焊接机械化程度deposited metal熔敷⾦属deposition rate熔敷系数depth of fusion熔深design element of weld焊缝结构要素design throat thickness焊缝计算厚度design water lever设计⽔位destructive examination破坏性检验detectaphone侦听起detection sensitivity探伤仪灵敏度determination of center line and axis找中determination of center line or axis找中determination of shaft linep轴系找中deviation from offsets修正值diagonal check methods对⾓线检查法dial gauge for measur of crank spread曲轴量表die bend强制弯曲differential geodesic line method微分测地线法diffusible hydrogen content扩散氢含量dip pickl浸渍酸洗dip transfer短路过渡dipp⾸沉dipp launch跌⼊式下⽔discriminat function定改函数disk shear圆盘剪dock船坞dock bottom坞底dock entrance坞⼝dock head坞⾸dock outfitt and installation船坞安装dock sill坞坎dock wall坞壁dockgate坞门dockgate channel门槽dock weight进坞重量dolphin pier靠船墩double bevel grooveK型坡⼝draft mark吃⽔标志drag后拖量draw process program绘图处理程序drop test for anchor锚投落试验dropp⾸落dry dock⼲坞dry extension of electrode焊丝⼲伸长dutum line准线dynamic characteristic电源动特性dynamic test of propeller螺旋桨浆动平衡试验dynamometer测功器eccentricity偏⼼度edge grind磨边edge joint端接接头edge line接⼝线edge mill铣边edge plann刨边edge preparation边缘加⼯elastic local linear interpolation卡尺回弹法electric dynamometer电⼒测功器electrocoat电泳涂漆electrode diameter焊条直径electrode extension焊丝伸出长度electrode for vertical down weld下⾏焊条electrode negative正接electrode positive反接electromagnetic platform电磁平台electromagnetic strip电磁马electronbeam weld电⼦束焊electronic indicator电⼦⽰功器electroslag weld电渣焊electroslag weld with plate electrode板极电渣焊electroslag weld with wire electrode丝极电渣焊electrostatic latent image静电潜像electrostatic spray静电喷涂elevation⽔位emergency drain test应急疏⽔实验enclosed weld强迫成形焊end launch纵向下⽔equation of frame肋⾻⽅程equation of longitudinal seam纵缝⽅程equation of transverse seam横缝⽅程equilibrium tide平潮evaluation test of power plant on board动⼒装置实船鉴定试验examination of opened up parts拆验examination of ream紧配螺栓配合检查excess flecnode多余拐点excess of water过⽔excess weld metal加强⾼expander胀管器explosion expand of pipe爆炸胀管explosion form爆炸成形explosive weld爆炸焊接exposed berth露天船台external characteristic电源外特性fabrication platform装焊平台facsimile mark电传真号料facsimile mark machine电传真号料机fair光顺fairness光顺性fatigue test疲劳试验filler metal填充⾦属filler wire焊丝fillet weld⾓焊缝fillet weld in flat position船形焊fillet weld Tee bend testT型接头弯曲试验fillet weld⾓焊final cutt of pipe割管finished table of offsets完⼯型值表firecracker weld躺焊first product inspection⾸件检验FISCO type crack test加压固定对接抗裂试验fishbone crack test鱼⾻型抗裂试验fitt拟合fitt of compreg层压胶⽊镶嵌fitt of lignumvitae铁梨⽊镶嵌fitt of rubber seal r in stern tube尾轴管衬套橡胶嵌套fitt to curved surface曲⾯拟合fixed foot bridge固定引桥fixed mould bed固定胎架flame bend of pipe⽕焰弯管flame clean⽕焰除锈flame cutt⽕焰切割flame power⽕焰功率flangeless joint⽆法兰联接flang折边flap gate卧倒式坞门flash back回⽕flat position weld平焊flat section平⾯分段flatten test⾦属管压扁试验float caisson浮箱式坞门float launch飘浮下⽔float spar fender浮式护⽊flood dock注⽔式船坞flood test灌⽔法flow form旋压flow line of pickl酸洗磷化电泳涂漆流⽔线flow rate of shield gas保护⽓体流量flux焊剂flux back焊剂垫fog test⽓雾法fore poppet前⽀架fore poppet pressure前⽀架压⼒formation of weld寒风成形frame bend machine of medium frequency induction heat中频肋⾻热弯机frame body plan肋⾻型线图frame interpolation肋⾻插值frame lines肋⾻检验线frame mould肋⾻洋板frame No肋⾻号frame r肋⾻框架frame roll machine肋⾻滚弯机frame section surface肋⾻平⾯frame station line on berth船台肋⾻线frame stretch bend machine肋⾻拉弯机fram line构架线free bend⾃由弯曲free runn空车运转freeboard measurement of life boat救⽣艇⼲舷测定full penetration焊透full scale loft实尺放样fume of weld焊接烟尘furnace brickwork炉墙砌筑furnace explosion dur light up冷爆fused flux熔炼焊剂gallery廊道gantry龙门架gap两轴曲折gas cutt⽓割gas inflation liferaft test⽓胀式救⽣筏试验gas metal arc weld熔化级⽓体保护焊gas mixture metal arc weld混合⽓体保护焊gas pore⽓孔gas tightness⽓密性gas tungsten arc weld⾮熔化级⽓体保护焊gas weld⽓焊gate chamber门库gate channel for repair修理门槽gate pier门墩generat set portion of bollard test发电机组系泊试验generat set portion of trial test发电机组航⾏试验geodesic line测地线geodesic line development method测地线展开法glass negative投影底⽚globular transfer⼤滴过渡graphic data process system图⽰数据处理系统gravity launch重⼒下⽔gravity weld重⼒焊grease launch油脂下⽔groove坡⼝groove angle坡⼝⾓度groove depth坡⼝深度groove preparation坡⼝加⼯groove radius坡⼝半径guided bend of pipe靠模弯管guillotine龙门剪床hammer solidly around edges of sheet拨缘handl test of life boat救⽣艇和⼯作艇降落试验hard solder钎料hardness test硬度试验hardness test of weld zone焊接接头硬度试验heat affected zone热影响区heat input线能量heat line加热线heat speed热源速度hell test倾斜试验high frequency bend of pipe⾼频弯管hogg拱曲horizontal build berth⽔平船台horizontal method of hull construction⽔平建造法horizontal position weld横焊hot bend of pipe管⼦热弯hot crack热裂缝hot form⼤⽕成形hot wire submerged arc weld预热焊丝埋弧焊hull steel fabrication⾦属船体加⼯hydraulic bend of pipe液压弯管hydraulic dynamometer⽔⼒测功器hydraulic press with adjustable head for ship use造船⽤压头可移式液压机hydraulic subassembly for crankshaft曲轴液压套合hydraulic test of boiler锅炉⽔压实验hydraulic test of pipeline管路液压实验hydroblast⾼压⽔除锈hydrogen content in welds焊缝氢含量idl惰转image distortion影像畸变impact force撞击⼒impact test冲击实验imperfection in bond轴承脱壳incline launch倾斜下⽔inclined build berth倾斜船台inclined Tee joint斜接接头incoincident recurrent force返回弹⼒incomplete fusion未焊透indicator⽰功器individuals of hull structure船体零件inflexion preservation保凹凸insert pipe嵌补管inspection勘验inspection of levelness⽔平度测量inspection by mould bar样条法检验inspection by sketch method草图法检验inspection by templet样板法检验inspection dur hull steel fabrication船体零部件加⼯检验inspection of abutt edges of block总段对接检验inspection of block总段装配检验inspection of center line of build berth船台中⼼线测量inspection of draft mark and loaded water linesinspection of frame spac肋⾻间距测量inspection of groove坡⼝测量inspection of hull deformation after launch全船校正检查inspection of hull form after completion船体完⼯测量inspection of hull lines线型检验inspection of hull loft船体放样检验inspection of install of propeller螺旋桨安装检查inspection of mould bed胎架检验inspection of mount of bear seats轴承座安装检验inspection of panel平⾯分段检验inspection of permanent ballast before launch下⽔压载检查inspection of preassembled frame r肋⾻框架装配检验inspection of ship structure全船结构检查inspection of squar accuracy⾓尺线检查inspection of three dimensional unit⽴体分段检验inspection of thrust block推⼒块厚度检查inspection of vertical surface垂直度测量inspection on development of structural members船体构件展开检验inspection on shell plate development外板展开检验installation of boiler锅炉安装installation of desel engine柴油机安装installation of main engine主机安装installation of marine power plant船舶动⼒装置安装installation of pip管系安装installation of pip unit管系单元安装installation of shaft轴系安装installation of turbine汽轮机安装interlayer temperature层间温度intermittent weld间断焊缝interpass temperature层间温度interpolate method of assembl插⼊装配法interpolation point正插点inversed interpolation point反插点iron powder electrode铁粉焊条iron wedge楔铁island method of hull construction岛式建造法items for acceptance of vessel验收项⽬jetty突堤码头jig胎架jig for plate development外板展开器join lines for hull assembly船体装配对合线join section嵌补分段join ship sections afloat⽔上合拢jump launch跳跃式下⽔keel block龙⾻墩knuckle折⾓knuckl line slipway折线滑道lack of fusion未焊透lagg of boiler锅炉绝热层包扎lamellar tear层状撕裂land tie拉桩lap joint搭接接头laser alignment激光找正laser cutt激光切割launched displacement of ships下⽔量launch下⽔launch beam下⽔横梁launch grease下⽔油脂launch poppet下⽔⽀架launch way滑道launch weight下⽔重量layer焊层lay off of hull lines型线放样least square method最⼩⼆乘法leg of fillet weld焊脚length of heat line焰道长度length wise wavws around edge皱折levell找平levell by level gauge液⾯法找⽔平levell of engine bed机座找平levell of foundation机座找平levell of piates钢板矫平lifebuoy test救⽣圈试验lift by the stern尾浮lift尾浮light target光靶line fair program型线光顺程序line heat form⽔⽕成形line of centers圆⼼线line of intersect points⾓点线line of tangential points切点线line outs of ship equipments船舶综合放样linear porosity链状⽓孔linear programm method线形规划法listen侦听listen rod听⾳棒local linear interpolation直尺卡样法localized fair局部光顺localized porosity密集⽓孔loft放样loft floor样台loft office放样间longitudinal bead bend test纵向焊道弯曲试验longitudinal bead notched bend test纵向焊道缺⼝弯曲试验longitudinal seam纵向接缝longitudinal shrink scale loft纵向缩尺放样longitudinal slipway纵向滑道longitudinal weld纵向焊缝low pressure cast of propeller螺旋桨低压铸造lower edge line下⼝线lowest pressure curve of compartments舱室最⼩压⼒曲线magnetic detection磁性探伤main boiler test主锅炉试验main engine portion of bollard test主机系泊试验main engine portion of trial test主机航向实验mangle辊式矫平机manipulation of electrode运条⽅式manual bend of pipe⼿⼯弯管manual emergency anchor test⼈⼒应急起锚试验manual emergency steer test⼈⼒应急操舵试验manual loft⼿⼯放样manual metal arc weld⼿弧焊manual weld⼿⼯焊marginal wharf顺岸码头marine slipway下⽔重量mark for pipes管⼦划线mark for shaft bor轴系孔划线mark off号料mark signs号料符号master schedule总⼯艺进度表match key on propeller shaft推进器轴配件mathematical development of shell plate外板数学展开mathematical fair of lines型线数学光顺mathematical lines数学型线mathematical loft数学放样mathematical loft system for pip管路数放系统mathematical seam arrangement板缝数学排列maximum linear load最⼤线负荷mean normal method准线展开法measurement of curvature of frame肋⾻弯度测量measurement of finished propeller螺旋桨完⼯测量measurement of fit clearance of propeller螺旋桨配合间隙测量measurement of fit clearance of shaft轴系安装间隙测量measurement of fit clearance of sterntube推进器轴安装间隙测量measur error测量误差measur of crank spread曲轴臂距差测量mechanial bend of pipe机械弯管mechanical blocks机械墩mechanical expand of pipe机械胀管mechanical indicator机械⽰功器mechanical rust removal机械除锈mechanized slipway机械化道脂mechanized weld机械化焊接mechaniz launch机械化下⽔medium frequency bend of pipe中频弯管melt rate熔化系数metal transfer熔滴过渡method of build ship in two sections两段造船法method plann of ship construction原则⼯艺MIG weld熔化级⽓体保护焊mill铣切。
IACS 国际船级社联合会
No. 4747-1IACS Rec. 1996/Rev. 1 1999IACS Copyright and Limited LiabilityClausesCopyright' IACS - the International Association of Classification Societies and the International Association of Classification Societies Limited (date)All rights reserved.Except as permitted under current English legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by means, without prior permission of the copyright owner.Where IACS has granted written permission for any part of this publication to be quoted such quotation must include acknowledgement to IACS.Enquiries should be addressed to the Permanent Secretary,International Association of Classification Societies Ltd,5 Old Queen StreetLondon, SW1H 9JATelephone: 020 7976 0660Fax:020 7976 0440Email:Permsec@(Additional, for Website:)With regard to information published on this website and where the copyrightresides with IACS and IACS Ltd., permission is hereby granted for use, as above. Terms and ConditionsThe International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), its Member Societies and IACS Ltd. and their directors, officers, members, employees and agents (on behalf of whom this notice is issued) shall be under no liability or responsibility in contract or negligence or otherwise howsoever to any person in respect of any information or advice expressly or impliedly given in this document, or in respect of any inaccuracy herein or omission herefrom or in respect of any act or omission which has caused or contributed to this document being issued with the information or advice it contains (if any).Without derogating from the generality of the foregoing, neither the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) nor IACS Ltd. nor its Member Societies nor their directors, officers, members, employees or agents shall be liable in contract or negligence or otherwise howsoever for any direct, indirect or consequential loss to any person caused by or arising from any information, advice, inaccuracy or omission given or contained herein or any act or omission causing or contributing to any such information, advice, inaccuracy or omission given or contained herein.Any dispute concerning the provision of material herein is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts and will be governed by English Law._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part A Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard for New Construction___________________________________________________________________________PART A - SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION1. Scope2. General requirements for new construction3. Qualification of personnel and procedures3.1 Qualification of welders3.2 Approval of welding procedures3.3 Qualification of NDE operators4. Materials4.1 Materials for structural members4.2 Under thickness tolerances4.3 Surface conditions5. Cutting5.1 Gas cutting5.2 Plasma arc cutting5.3 Laser beam cutting6. Fabrication and fairness6.1 Flange longitudinals and flange brackets6.2 Built-up sections6.3 Corrugated bulkheads6.4 Pillars, brackets and stiffeners6.5 Maximum heating temperature on surface for line heating6.6 Block assembly6.7 Special sub-assembly6.8 Shape6.9 Fairness of plating between frames6.10 Fairness of plating with frames7. Alignment8. Welding8.1 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation (manual welding)8.2 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation (manual welding)8.3 Typical butt and fillet weld profile (manual welding)8.4 Lap, plug and slot welding8.5 Distance between welds8.6 Automatic welding9. Repair9.1 Typical misalignment repair9.2 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding)9.3 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding)9.4 Typical fillet and butt weld profile repair (manual welding)9.5 Distance between welds repair9.6 Erroneous hole repair9.7 Repair by insert plate9.8 Weld surface repairREFERENCES1. IACS “Bulk Carriers - Guidelines for Surveys, Assessment and Repair of Hull Structure”2. TSCF “Guidelines for the inspection and maintenance of double hull tanker structures”3. TSCF “Guidance manual for the inspection and condition assessment of tanker structures”4. IACS UR W7 “Hull and machinery steel forgings”5. IACS UR W8 “Hull and machinery steel castings”6. IACS UR W11 “Normal and higher strength hull structural steel”7. IACS UR W13 “Allowable under thickness tolerances of steel plates and wide flats”8. IACS UR W14 “Steel plates and wide flats with improved through thickness properties”9. IACS UR W17 “Approval of consummables for welding normal and higher strength hull structural steels”10. IACS UR Z10.1 “Hull surveys of oil tankers”and Z10.2 “Hull surveys of bulk carriers” Annex I11. IACS Recommendation No. 12 “Guidelines for surface finish of hot rolled plates and wide flats “13. IACS Recommendation No. 20 “ Guide for inspection of ship hull welds”1. Scope1.1 This standard provides guidance on shipbuilding quality standards for the hull structure during new construction and the repair standard where the quality standard is not met.Whereas the standard generally applies to- conventional ship types,- parts of hull covered by the rules of the Classification Society,- hull structures constructed from normal and higher strength hull structural steel,the applicability of the standard is in each case to be agreed upon by the Classification Society.The standard does generally not apply to the new construction of- special types of ships as e.g. gas tankers- structures fabricated from stainless steel or other, special types or grades of steel1.2 The standard covers typical construction methods and gives guidance on quality standards for the most important aspects of such construction. Unless explicitly stated elsewhere in the standard, the level of workmanship reflected herein will in principle be acceptable for primary and secondary structure of conventional designs. A more stringent standard may however be required for critical and highly stressed areas of the hull, and this is to be agreed with the Classification Society in each case. In assessing the criticality of hull structure and structural components, reference is made to ref. 1, 2 and 3.1.3 Details relevant to structures or fabrication procedures not covered by this standard are to be approved by the Classification Society on the basis of procedure qualifications and/or recognised national standards.1.4 It is intended that these standards provide guidance where established shipbuilding or national standards approved by the Classification Society do not exist.1.5 For use of this standard, fabrication fit-ups, deflections and similar quality attributes are intended to be uniformly distributed about the nominal values. The shipyard is to take corrective action to improve work processes that produce measurements where a skewed distribution is evident. Relying upon remedial steps that truncate a skewed distribution of the quality attribute is unacceptable.2. General requirements for new construction2.1 In general, the work is to be carried out in accordance with the Classification Society Rules and under the supervision of the Surveyor to the Classification Society2.2 Provisions are to be made for proper accessibility, staging, lighting and ventilation. Welding operations are to be carried out under shelter from rain, snow and wind.2.3 Welding of hull structures is to be carried out by qualified welders, according to approved and qualified welding procedures and with welding consumables approved by the Classification Society, see Section3. Welding operations are to be carried out under proper supervision by the shipbuilder.3. Qualification of personnel and procedures3.1 Qualification of welders3.1.1 Welders are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the Classification Society or to a recognised national or international standard, e.g. EN 287, ISO 9606, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation. Subcontractors are to keep records of welders qualification and, when required, furnish valid approval test certificates.3.1.2 Welding operators using fully mechanised or fully automatic processes need generally not pass approval testing provided that the production welds made by the operators are of the required quality. However, operators are to receive adequate training in setting or programming and operating the equipment Records of training and production test results shall be maintained on individual operator’s files and records, and be made available to the Classification Society for inspection when requested.3.2 Qualification of welding proceduresWelding procedures are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the Classification Society or a recognised national or international standard, e.g. EN288, ISO 9956, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation. The welding procedure should be supported by a welding procedure qualification record. The specification is to include the welding process, types of electrodes, weld shape, edge preparation, welding techniques and positions.3.3 Qualification of NDE operators3.3.1 Personnel performing non-destructive examination for the purpose of assessing quality of welds in connection with new construction covered by this standard, are to be qualified in accordance with Classification Society rules or to a recognised international or national qualification scheme. Records of operators and their current certificates are to be kept and made available to the Surveyor for inspection.4.Materials4.1Materials for Structural MembersAll materials, including weld consummables, to be used for the structural members are to be approved by the Classification Society as per the approved construction drawings and meet the respective IACS Unified Requirements. Additional recommendations are contained in the following paragraphs.All materials used should be manufactured at a works approved by the Classification Society for the type and grade supplied.4.2Under Thickness TolerancesThe maximum permissible under thickness tolerance, for hull structural plates and wide flats with thicknesses of 5mm and over, for both normal and high strength steels, is -0.3mm.The thickness is to be measured at random locations whose distance from an edge shall be at least 10mm. Local surface depressions resulting from imperfections and ground areas resulting from the elimination of defects may be disregarded provided the imperfections or grinding are in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.3 “Surface Conditions”.4.3Surface Conditions4.3.1DefinitionsMinor Imperfections:pittings, rolled-in scale, indentations, roll marks, scratches andgroovesDefects:Cracks, shells, sand patches, sharp edged seams and minorimperfections not exceeding the limits of table 1 in case that thesum of the influenced area exceeds 5% of the total surfacein questionDepth of Imperfections or defects: the depth is to be measured from the surface ofthe product4.3.2Unrepaired ConditionsMinor imperfections, in accordance with the limits described in Table 1, are permissible and may be left unrepaired.4.3.3Repairs of DefectsDefects are to be repaired by grinding or welding irrespective of their size and number. Repair by grinding may be carried out over the entire surface up to a depth equal to the under thickness tolerances given in para.4.2.The sum of the repairs by welding and of the repairs by grinding, reducing the nominal thickness by more than 0.3mm, shall not exceed 2% of the total surface in question.4.3.4Repairs by GrindingFor ground areas with a thickness less than the minimum permissible thickness stated in para.4.2, the nominal thickness is not to be reduced by more than 7% or 3mm, whichever is the lesser. Each single ground area is not to exceed 0.25m2.The defects are to be completely removed by grinding. Complete elimination of the defects is to be verified by a magnetic particle or dye penetrant test procedure. The ground areas must have smooth transitions to the surrounding surface.4.3.5Repairs by weldingLocal defects, which cannot be repaired by grinding, may be repaired by chipping and/or grinding followed by welding in accordance with the qualified procedures approved by the Classification Society concerned.Any single welded area is not to exceed 0.125m2. The weld preparation should not reduce the thickness of the product below 80% of the nominal thickness. Welding is to be completed with one layer of weld bead in excess, which is subsequently to be ground smooth, level with the plate surface. The soundness of the repair is to be verified by ultrasonic, magnetic particle or dye penetrant methods.Table 1 Limits for minor imperfections left unrepaired4.3.6Further Defects4.3.6.1LaminationInvestigation to be carried out at the steelmill into the cause and extent of the laminations. Severe lamination is to be repaired by a local insert plates. The minimum breadth of the plate to be repaired by insert is to be:• 1600mm for shell and strength deck plating in way of cruciform or T-joints,• 800mm for shell, strength deck plating and other primary members,• 300mm for other structural members.Local limited lamination may be repaired by chipping and/or grinding followed by welding in accordance with sketch (a). In case where the local limited lamination is near the plate surface, the repair may be carried out as shown in sketch (b). For limitations see paragraph 4.3.5.(b)4.3.6.2Weld SpattersLoose weld spatters are to be removed completely by grinding to clean metal (see Table 9.13) on:• shell plating• deck plating on exposed decks• in tanks for chemical cargoes• in tanks for fresh water and for drinking water• in tanks for lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, including service tanks5.Cutting5.1Gas CuttingThe deviation u of cut edges (see sketch (a)), from a right angle or from a required slope, and the roughness of the cut edges R, is to meet the following requirements:Mechanised Gas Cutting Manual Gas Cutting: Free EdgesCut Thickness Standard Limit Strength Members Standard Limita≤20mm u=0.6mm u=1.2mm u=1.5mm u=1.5mm R=100µm R=150µm R=150µm R=300µmOthersa>20mm u=0.75mm u=1.5mm u=1.5mm u=1.5mmR-100µm R=150µm R=300µm R=500µmManual Gas Cutting: Welding EdgesStandard LimitStrength Members u=1.5mm u=1.5mmR=400µm R=800µm*Others u=1.5mm u=1.5mmR=800µm*R=1500µm*Individual non-sharp notches caused by torch failures (scouring) are not to be greater than 3mm in depth. Deeper scores should be removed by grinding.* Unless the welding procedure needs smaller tolerances.(a) deviation u from a right angle or from a required slope5.2Plasma Arc CuttingThe deviation u of the cut edge (see sketch (a)), from a right angle or from a required slope, and the roughness of the cut edge R, is to meet the following requirements:Mechanised Plasma Arc CuttingCut Thickness Standard Limita≤20mm u=1.0mm u=1.5mmR=100µm R=150µma>20mm u=0.75mm u=1.5mmR=100µm R=150µmThe tolerances for manual cutting are to be agreed by the Classification Society concerned.5.3Laser Beam CuttingThe standard range and the tolerance limits for the deviation from a right angle or from a required slope of the cut edges and the roughness of the cut edges are to be agreed by the Classification Society concerned.6. Fabrication and fairness6.1 Flanged longitudinals and flanged brackets (see Table 6.1)6.2 Built-up sections (see Table 6.2)6.3 Corrugated bulkheads (see Table 6.3)6.4 Pillars, brackets and stiffeners (see Table 6.4)6.5 Maximum heating temperature on surface for line heating (see Table 6.5)6.6Block assembly (see Table 6.6)6.7 Special sub-assembly (see Table 6.7)6.8 Shape (see Table 6.8 and 6.9)6.9 Fairness of plating between frames (see Table 6.10)6.10 Fairness of plating with frames (see Table 6.11)7. AlignmentThe quality standards for alignment of hull structural components during new construction are shown in Tables 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3. The classification society may require a closer construction tolerance in areas requiring special attention, as follows:• Regions exposed to high stress concentrations• Fatigue prone areas• Detail design block erection joints• Higher tensile steel regions8. Welding Details8.1 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation (manual welding) - see Table 8.1 and 8.28.2 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation (manual welding) - see Table 8.3 and 8.48.3 Typical butt and fillet weld profile (manual welding) - see Table 8.58.4 Lap, plug and slot welding - see Table 8.68.5 Distance between welds - see Table 8.78.6 Automatic welding - see Table 8.89. Repair9.1 Typical misalignment repair - see Tables 9.1 to 9.39.2 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding) - see Table 9.4 and 9.59.3 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding) - see Tables 9.6 to 9.89.4 Typical fillet and butt weld profile repair (manual welding) - see Table 9.99.5 Distance between welds repair - see Table 9.109.6 Erroneous hole repair - see Table 9.119.7 Repair by insert plate - see Table 9.129.8 Weld surface repair - see Table 9.13TABLE 6.1 - FLANGED LONGITUDINALS AND BRACKETSTABLE 6.2 - BUILT UP SECTIONSTABLE 6.3 - CORRUGATED BULKHEADSTABLE 6.4 - PILLARS, BRACKETS AND STIFFENERSTABLE 6.5 - MAXIMUM HEATING TEMPERATURE ON SURFACE FORTABLE 6.8 - SHAPETABLE 8.4 - TYPICAL FILLET WELD PLATE EDGE PREPARATION (MANUAL WELDING)TABLE 8.5 -TYPICAL BUTT AND FILLET WELD PROFILE (MANUAL WELDING)TABLE 8.6 -TYPICAL LAP, PLUG AND SLOT WELDING (MANUAL WELDING)No. 47IACS Rec. 1996/Rev. 1 1999TABLE 8.8 - AUTOMATIC ARC WELDINGTABLE 9.3 - MISALIGNMENT REPAIRTABLE 9.8 -TYPICAL FILLET WELD PLATE EDGE PREPARATION REPAIR (MANUAL WELDING)TABLE 9.9 - TYPICALFILLET AND BUTT WELD PROFILE REPAIR (MANUAL WELDING)TABLE 9.10 - DISTANCE BETWEEN WELDS REPAIRTABLE 9.11 - ERRONEOUS HOLE REPAIRTABLE 9.12 - REPAIR BY INSERT PLATETABLE 9.13 - WELD SURFACE REPAIR___________________________________________________________________________ Part B Repair Quality Standard for Existing Ships___________________________________________________________________________PART B -SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR EXISTING SHIPSC ONTENTS:1. Scope2. General requirements to repairs and repairers3. Qualification of personnel3.1 Qualification of welders3.2 Qualification of welding procedures3.3 Qualification of NDE operators4. Materials4.1 General requirements to materials4.2 Equivalency of material grades5. General requirements to welding5.1 Correlation of welding consumables to hull structural steels5.2 General requirements to preheating and drying out5.3 Dry welding on hull plating below the waterline of vessels afloat6. Repair quality standard6.1 Welding, general6.2 Renewal of plates6.3 Doubler on plates6.4 Renewal of internals/stiffeners6.5 Renewal of internals/stiffeners - transitions inverted angles/bulb profiles6.6 Termination of straps6.7 Welding of pitting corrosion6.8 Welding repairs of cracks6.9 Grinding of shallow cracksREFERENCES1. IACS “Bulk Carriers - Guidelines for Surveys, Assessment and Repair of Hull Structure”2. TSCF “Guidelines for the inspection and maintenance of double hull tanker structures”3. TSCF “Guidance manual for the inspection and condition assessment of tanker structures”4. IACS UR W 11 “Normal and higher strength hull structural steels”5. IACS UR W 13 “Allowable under thickness tolerances of steel plates and wide flats”6. IACS UR W 17 “Approval of consumables for welding normal and higher strength hull structural steels”7. IACS Z 10.1 “Hull surveys of oil tankers” and Z 10.2 “Hull surveys of bulk carriers” Table IV8. IACS UR Z 13 “Voyage repairs and maintenance”9. IACS Recommendation 12 “Guidelines for surface finish of hot rolled steel plates and wide flats”10. IACS Recommendation 20 “Guide for inspection of ship hull welds”1. Scope1.1 This standard provides guidance on quality of repair of hull structures. The standard covers permanent repairs of existing ships.Whereas the standard generally applies to- conventional ship types,- parts of hull covered by the rules of the Classification Society,- hull structures constructed from normal and higher strength hull structural steel,the applicability of the standard is in each case to be agreed upon by the Classification Society.The standard does generally not apply to repair of- special types of ships as e.g. gas tankers- structures fabricated from stainless steel or other, special types or grades of steel1.2 The standard covers typical repair methods and gives guidance on quality standard on the most important aspects of such repairs. Unless explicitly stated elsewhere in the standard, the level of workmanship reflected herein will in principle be acceptable for primary and secondary structure of conventional design. A more stringent standard may however be required for critical and highly stressed areas of the hull, and is to be agreed with the Classification Society in each case. In assessing the criticality of hull structure and structural components, reference is made to ref. 1, 2 and 3.1.3 Restoration of structure to the original standard may not constitute durable repairs of damages originating from insufficient strength or inadequate detail design. In such cases strengthening or improvements beyond the original design may be required. Such improvements are not covered by this standard, however it is referred to ref. 1, 2 and 3.2. General requirements for repairs and repairers2.1 In general, when hull structure covered by classification is to be subjected to repairs, the work is to be carried out under the supervision of the Surveyor to the Classification Society. Such repairs are to be agreed prior to commencement of the work.2.2 Repairs are to be carried out by workshops, repair yards or personnel who have demonstrated their capability to carry out hull repairs of adequate quality in accordance with the Classification Society’s requirements and this standard.2.3 Repairs are to be carried out under working conditions that facilitate sound repairs. Provisions are to be made for proper accessibility, staging, lighting and ventilation. Welding operations are to be carried out under shelter from rain, snow and wind.2.4 Welding of hull structures is to be carried out by qualified welders, according to approved and qualified welding procedures and with welding consumables approved by the Classification Society, see Section3. Welding operations are to be carried out under proper supervision of the repair yard.2.5 Where repairs to hull which affect or may affect classification are intended to be carried out during a voyage, complete repair procedure including the extent and sequence of repair is to be submitted to and agreed upon by the Surveyor to the Classification Society reasonably in advance of the repairs. See Ref. 8.3. Qualification of personnel3.1 Qualification of welders3.1.1 Welders are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the Classification Society or to a recognised national or international standard, e.g. EN 287, ISO 9606, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation. Repair yards and workshops are to keep records of welders qualification and, when required, furnish valid approval test certificates.3.1.2 Welding operators using fully mechanised of fully automatic processes need generally not pass approval testing, provided that production welds made by the operators are of the required quality. However, operators are to receive adequate training in setting or programming and operating the equipment. Records of training and production test results shall be maintained on individual operator’s files and records, and be made available to the Classification Society for inspection when requested.3.2 Qualification of welding proceduresWelding procedures are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the Classification Society or a recognised national or international standard, e.g. EN288, ISO 9956, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation. The welding procedure should be supported by a welding procedure qualification record. The specification is to include the welding process, types of electrodes, weld shape, edge preparation, welding techniques and positions3.3 Qualification of NDE operators3.3.1 Personnel performing non destructive examination for the purpose of assessing quality of welds in connection with repairs covered by this standard, are to be qualified in accordance with the Classification Society rules or to a recognised international or national qualification scheme. Records of operators and their current certificates are to be kept and made available to the Surveyor for inspection.4. Materials4.1. General requirements for materials4.1.1 The requirements for materials used in repairs are in general the same as the requirements for materials specified in the Classification Society’s rules for new constructions, (ref. 5)4.1.2 Replacement material is in general to be of the same grade as the original approved material. Alternatively, material grades complying with recognised national or international standards may be accepted by the Classification Societies provided such standards give equivalence to the requirements of the original grade or are agreed by the Classification Society. For assessment of equivalency between steel grades, the general requirements and guidelines in Section 4.2 apply.4.1.3 Higher tensile steel is not to be replaced by steel of a lesser strength unless specially approved by the Classification Society.4.1.4 Normal and higher strength hull structural steels are to be manufactured at works approved by the Classification Society for the type and grade being supplied.4.1.5 Materials used in repairs are to be certified by the Classification Society applying the procedures and requirements in the rules for new constructions. In special cases, and normally limited to small quantities, materials may be accepted on the basis of alternative procedures for verification of the material’s properties. Such procedures are subject to agreement by the Classification Society in each separate case.4.2. Equivalency of material grades4.2.1 Assessment of equivalency between material grades should at least include the following aspects;- heat treatment/delivery condition- chemical composition- mechanical properties- tolerances4.2.2 When assessing the equivalence between grades of normal or higher strength hull structural steels up to and including grade E40 in thickness limited to 50 mm, the general requirements in Table 4.1 apply.4.2.3 Guidance on selection of steel grades to certain recognised standards equivalent to hull structural steel grades specified in Classification Societies’ rules is given in Table 4.25. General requirements to welding5.1 Correlation of welding consumables with hull structural steels5.1.1 For the different hull structural steel grades welding consummables are to be selected in accordance with IACS UR W17 (see Ref.5).5.2 General requirements to preheating and drying out5.2.1 The need for preheating is to be determined based on the chemical composition of the materials, welding process and procedure and degree of joint restraint.5.2.2 A minimum preheat of 50o C is to be applied when ambient temperature is below 0°C. Dryness of the welding zone is in all cases to be ensured.。
检验和试验项目(英文)
THE LIST OF INSPECTION AND TEST FOR TURKEY 53000 TON BULK CARRIERSS1120&SS1121Q.A. DEPT., SHANGHAI SHIPYARD AND CHENGXISHIPYARDCo., LTD.MAY, 2006Owner:_________________________________________DNV :__________________________________________Q.A :___________________________________________Notes:1.Welder Certificate (random Check);2.Pre-erection on working platform. Blocks to be complete with alloutfittings, inside piping, major machinery and equipment in ER blocks to be mounted to avoid cutting the structure and lowering of any item after launching.Notes:1.Installation Inspection, pressure testing of all Hull and Accommodationpiping systems yard to give detail list;2.Area wise outfitting installation & completion inspection within Hull andAccommodation yard to prepare detail list.63. Installation; Tightness and Pressure test for piping system:1. Main cooling S.W Line2. Aux. Cooling S.W Line3. S/Tube L.O. Line4. M/E and G/E Cooling F.W line5. M/E Air Cooler Chem. Cleaning Line6. Aux. F.W. Cooling Line7. L.O. Filling & Transfer line8. F.O. & L.O. Purifying line9. Gauge line & Transfer line10. Main L.O. Service Line11. M/E Cyl. Oil Service line12. E/R tanks Heating coil13. F.O. Filling & Transfer line14. D.O. Filling & Transfer line15. L.O. Filling & Transfer line16. Sludge Pump suction line17. Overflow line18. F.O. & D.O. Service Line19. Exh. Pipe drain line20. Comp. air line for Emcy. Shut off valve21. M/E Exh. Gas line22. D/E Exh. Gas line23. Aux. boiler Exhaust gas line24. Incinerator Exh. Gas line25. Drink water service and sanitary line26. Purifier operating water line27. Boiler F.W. Level coat & Gauge line28. Boiler Blow off disch. & Sampling line29. Steam tracing line30. Deck scupper lines in E/R31. Weather deck scupper lines32. Stern tube L.O. line33. Bilge system v/v R/Control line34. W.B. Tanks v/v R/Control line64.All the pumps for function test as follow:1.Ballast pump.2.G.S. pump.3.Fire & Bilge pump.4.Sludge pump.5.Oily water sep. pump.6.Feed water pump(No.1-2).7.M/E Jacket water pumps(No.1-2).8. F.O. Filter for M/E & G/E.9.M/E L.O. Booster pumps for exh. Valve actuator.10.F.O. Circ. Pumps M/E & G/E(No.1-2).11.F.O. Supply Pumps M/E & G/E(No.1-2).12.M/E Jacket W. preheater with circ. Pump.13.M/E Air cooler cleaning water circ. Pump.14.M/E L.O. pumps(No.1-2).15.L.O. full flow filter.16.Viscosity controller for M/E & G/E.17.Port use cooling S.W. pump.18.G/E J.F.W. pump.19.G/E Emg. D.O. pump.20.F.O. Supply pumps(No.1-2).21.Ejector.22.Distillated water pump.23.H.F.O. Transfer pump.24.L.O. Transfer pump.25.Cylinder oil shifting pump.26.Flowmeter(M/E F.O. System)27.Flowmeter(G/E F.O. System- No.1-2)28.H.F.O. Purifier supply pumps(No.1-2)29.L.O. Purifier supply pumps(No.1-2)30.Fire & G. S. pumps.31.Air Cond. Unit C.S.W. pump.32.Fresh water Hydrophore unit pumps (No.1-2)33.Drink water Hydrophore unit pumps (No.1-2)34.Hot water unit pump.35.Rehardening filter36.D.O. Transfer pump.65.Clean and final outfitting inspection for all tanks1.S/T L.O. Sump tank2.Cooling F. W. Exp. Tank3.Emg. G/E Gas oil tank4.M/E L/O Storage tank5.S/Gear Hydro oil tank6.M/E L/O Setting tank7.G/E L/O Setting and service tank8.S/T L.O. gravity tank9.Incin. W.O. Setting tank10.Incin. M.D.O. tank11.M/E Cyl. Oil storage tank12.S/T L.O. Sump tank13.Cooling F. W. Exp. Tank14.Emg. G/E Gas oil tank15.M/E L/O Storage tank16.S/Gear Hydro oil storage tank17.M/E L/O Setting tank18.G/E L/O Setting and service tank19.S/T L.O. gravity tank20.Incin. W.O. Setting tank21.Incin. M.D.O. tank22.M/E Cyl. Oil storage tank23.Cyl. Oil meas. Tank24.D.O. Setting tank25.D.O. Serv. Tank26.D/B. D.O. tank27.L.O. Sump tank28.Cofferdam in E/R29.Oily Bilge tank30.F.O. Overflow tank31.F.O. Drain tank32.L.O. Drain tank33.Bilge H. Tank34.Boiler W. tank35.F.W. tank(port & Stbd)36.Drink W. Tank37.H.F.O. Storr. Tank(port & Stbd)38.H.F.O. Sludge Tank39.H.F.O. Serv. Tank40.D.O. Stor. Tank41.L.O. Sludge tank42.H.F.O. Setting Tank43.No.1 F.O. Tank(port & Stbd)44.No.2 F.O. Tank(port & Stbd)45.Provision crane oil chamber46.Fore peak tank47.T.S.W.B. Tank(No.1-2-3-4-5 P & S)48.M/E Crank chamber49.Cargo crane oil tank(No.1-2-3-4)50.Chain lockers(P & S)51.Paint + Bosun Store52.Duct keel。
建设工程规范中英对照
建设工程文献归档整顿规范Code for Construction Project Document Filing and Arrangement粮食平房仓设计规范Code of Design of Grain Storehouses建筑工程施工质量验收统一原则Unified Standard for Constructional Quality组合钢模板技术规范Technical Code of Composite Steel-Form建筑装饰装修工程质量验收规范Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Building Decoration钢构造工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures工业锅炉安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial boiler installation engineering电气装置安装工程电力变流设备施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of power convertor equipment电气装置安装工程电气设备交接试验原则Erection works of electrical installations Standard for hand-over test of electric equipment电气装置安装工程母线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of bus-bar device电气装置安装工程高压电器施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of high voltage appliance工业用水软化除盐设计规范Code for design of industrial water softening anddemineralization室外煤气热力工程设施抗震鉴定原则Code for seismic assessment of outdoor gas and heating engineering facilities工业金属管道设计规范Code for design of industrial metallic pipeline engineering预制混凝土构件质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of precast concrete members建设工程监理规范Code for construction project management都市排水工程规划规范_ Code for planning of urban sewerage engineering猪屠宰与分割车间设计规范Code for design of workshop for pig slaughter and segmentation砌体工程检测技术原则Code for design of industrial metallic pipeline engineering智能建筑设计原则Standard for design of intelligent buildings消防通信指挥系统设计规范Code for design of fire communication and command system 建筑与建筑群综合布线系统工程验收规范Code for engineering acceptance of generic cabling system for building and campus建筑与建筑群综合布线系统工程设计规范Code for engineering design of generic cabling system for building and campus电梯安装工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of erection works of elevators工业炉砌工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of brickworks for industrial furnaces地下铁道、轻轨交通工程测量规范Code for engineering surveying of subway and light rail transit engineering地下铁道、轻轨交通岩土工程勘察规范Code for geotechnical engineering investigation of subway and light rail transit建筑安装工程质量检查评估原则(容器工程) Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction erection works(container)建筑安装工程质量检查说不定原则(通用机械设备安装工程) Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction erection works (general machinery equipment)通风与空调工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of Ventilation and air-conditioning works建筑电气安装工程质量评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of ventilation and air-conditioning works建筑采暖卫生与煤气工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building heating，sanitary and gas engineering建筑工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction建筑安装工程质量检查评估统一原则Unified standard for quality inspection and assessment of building constructional erection works地下铁道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of subway engineering风景名胜区规划规范Code for planning of scenic area电力工程基本术语原则Standard for basic terms of electric power engineering供水管井技术规范Technical standard for water supply well水泥工厂设计规范Code for design of cement plants核电厂总平面及运送设计规范Code for design of general plan and transportation of nuclear power plants都市电力规划规范Code for planning of urban electric power民用建筑可靠性鉴定原则Standard for reliability evaluation of civil buildings房地产估价规范Code for appraisal of real estate土工合成材料应用技术规范Technical code for application of geosynthetics都市工程管线综合规划规范Code for comprehensive planning of urban engineering pipeline浇灌与排水工程设计规范Code for design of irrigation and drainage水利水电工程地质勘察规范Code for geological investigation of water resources and hydropower engineering堤防工程设计规范Code for design of levee projects调幅收音台和调频电视转播台与公路防护商距原则Standard for protection distance from highway to AM, FM and TV rebroadcast stations飞机库设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of aircraft hangar公路工程构造可靠度设计统一原则Unified standard of reliability design of highway engineering structures都市给水工程规化规范Code for planning of urban water supply engineering泡沫灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of foam fire extinguishing systems都市规划基本术语原则Standard for basic terminology of urban planning岩土工程基本术语原则Standard for fundamental terms of geotechnical engineering起重设备安装工程施工验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of crane installation engineering铸造设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of casting equipment installation engineering破碎粉磨设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of crusher and mill equipment installation engineering压缩机、风机、泵安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of compressor, fan and pump installation engineering制冷设备空气分离设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial boiler installation engineering锻压设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of forging - press equipment installation engineering金属切削机床安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of metal - cutting machine installation engineering持续输送设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of continuous conveyer equipment installation engineering地基动力特性测试规范Code for measurement method of dynamic properties of subsoil 给水排水管道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of water supply and sewerage pipeline engineering核电厂抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of unclear power plants工程岩体试验措施原则Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses泵站设计规范Code for design of pumping stations工业设备及管道绝热工程设计规范Code for design of heat insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe lines气体灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for installation and acceptance of gas fire extinguishing systems铁路工程基本术语原则Standard for fundamental terms of railway engineering自动喷水灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems电力设施抗震设计规范Code for design of seismic of electrical installations电气装置安装工程电气照明装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric lighting devices电气装置安装工程1KV及如下配线工程施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of 1kV and under feeder cable engineering电气装置安装工程爆炸和火灾危险环境电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric device within explosion and fire hazard atmospheres电气装置安装工程起重机电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of power convertor equipment电气装置安装工程低压电器施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of low-voltage apparatus输油管道理工程设计规范Code for design of oil transmission pipeline engineering工业安装工程质量检查说不定统一原则Unified standard for quality inspection and assessment of industrial erection engineering输气管道工程设计规范Code for design of gas transmission pipeline engineering通风与空调工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of ventilation and air -conditioning works采暖与卫生工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of heating and sanitary works现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of welding works of on -site equipment and industrial pipeline工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial metallic pipeline engineering110～500kV架空电力线路施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of 110～kV over -head electrical power transmission机械设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering火力发电厂与变电所设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of power plant and substation工程测量基本术语原则Standard for foundational terminology of engineering survey并联电容器装置设计规范Code for design of installation of shunt capacitors铁路旅客车站建筑设计规范Code for design of railway passenger station buildings人民防空工程设计规范Code for design of civil air defense works建筑防腐蚀工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of anticorrosion engineering of buildings建筑抗震设防分类原则Standard for classification of seismic protection of buildings建筑内部装修设计防火规范Code for fire prevention design of interior decoration of buildings钢构造工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of structural steel engineering都市道路交通规划设计规范Code for planning design of transport on urban road水喷雾灭火系统设计规范Code for design on water spray fore extinguishing systems工程岩体分级原则Standard for classification of engineering rock masses电力工程电缆设计规范Code for design of cables of electric works铁路工程构造可靠度设计统一原则Unified standard for reliability design of railway煤炭工业矿井设计规范Code for the colliery design of coal mining industry矿山井巷工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of mining pit engineering建筑防腐蚀工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of building corrosion prevention works工业炉砌筑工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of brick works for industrial furnaces建筑地面工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of ground and floor engineering地下防水工程施工验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of underground water proof engineering屋面工程技术规范Technical code for roof engineering木构造工程施工质量验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of timber structure engineering砌体工程施工质量验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of masonry structure engineering地基与基础工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of foundation engineering土方与爆破工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of earthwork and blasting engineering防洪原则Standard for flood control有线电视系统工程技术规范Technical code for CATV system水利水电工程构造可靠度设计统一原则Unified standard for reliability design of hydraulic engineering structures民用闭路监视电视系统工程技术规范Technical code for civil closed circuit monitoring TV system engineering露天煤矿工程设计规范Code for design of open pit coal mine engineering高倍数、中倍数泡沫灭火系统设计规范(2023年版）Code for design of high and medium expansion foam fore extinguishing systems发生炉煤气站设计规范Code for design of producer gas stations建设工程施工现场面供用电安全规范Code for safety of power supply and consumption in engineering construction site二氧化碳灭火系统设计规范Code for design of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems 河港工程设计规范Code for design of river port engineering构筑物抗震设计规范Code for design of earthquake-resistant of structural constructions 多层厂房楼盖抗微振设计规范Code for design of anti-micro-vibration of multistory factoryfloor旅游旅馆建筑热工与空气调整节能设计原则Standard for design of air conditioning and energy conservation in tourism hotel buildings村镇规划原则Standard for planning of rural village and town工业企业总平面设计规范Code for design of general plan for industrial enterprises港口工程基本术语原则Standard for basic terms of port engineering工业设备及管道绝热工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of heat insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipelines工业金属管道工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of industrial metal pipeline engineering原油和天然气工程设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of crude电气装置安装工程电梯电气装置施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of electrical appa蓄滞洪区建筑工程技术规范Technical code for constructional engineering in flood detention basin都市居住区规划设计规范Code of urban Residential areas planning m Design河流流量测验规范Code for measurement of fluid flow in open channels建筑气候区划原则Standard for climatic region-alization for building and civil engineering 氢氧站设计规范Code for design of hydrogen and oxygen stations民用建筑热工设计规范Code for thermal design of civil buildings露天煤矿工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of open pit coal-mine engineering电子计算机机房设计规范Code for design of electronic computer room电气装置安装工程35kV及如下架空电力线路施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of 35kV and under over-head power levels电气装置安装工程蓄电池施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of battery电气装置安装工程盘、柜及二次回路结线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installation and acceptance of switchboard outfit, complete cubicle and secondary circuit 电气装置安装工程旋转电机施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code of construction and acceptance of rotating electrical machines电气装置安装工程接地装置施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of earthed devices电气装置安装工程电缆线路施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of cable levels工程摄影测量原则Code for engineering photogrammetry火灾自动报警系统施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of automatic fore alarm systems古建筑木构造维护与加固技术规范Technical code for maintenance and reinforcement ofancient timber buildings混凝土质量控制原则Standard for quality control of concrete卤代烷1301灭火设计规范Code for design of halon 1301 for extinguishing systems道路工程制图原则Standard for road engineering drawing烟花爆竹工厂设计安全规范Code for safety design of fire-works and firecrackers plants 石油化工企业设计防火规范code for fire protection design of petrochemical enterprises 河流悬移质泥沙测验规范Code for measurement of suspended sediment in open channels港口工程构造可靠度设计统一原则Unified standard for reliability design of port engineering地下铁道设计规范code for design of under-ground railway小型石油库及汽车加油站设计规范Code for design of small petrochemical storage depots and service stations采暖通风与空气调整术语原则Standard for terminology of heating，ventilation and air-conditioning地下及覆土火药炸药仓库设计安全生产规范Code for safety design of underground and earth powder and explosive warehouse工程构造可靠度设计统一原则Unified standard for reliability design of engineering structures混凝土构造试验措施原则Standard for test methods of concrete structures低倍数泡沫灭火系统设计规范Code for design of low expansion foam extinguishing systems电气装置安装工程高压电器施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of high voltage appliance粉煤灰混凝土应用技术规程Technical code for application of fly ash concrete土旳分类原则Standard for classification of soils工业厂房可靠性鉴定原则Standard for reliability evaluation of industrial factory buildings 架空电力线路、变电所对电视差转台、转播台无线电干扰防护间距原则Standard for protective spacing of radio interference from over-head electric lines，substations to t 中、短波广播发射台与电缆载波通信系统旳防护间距原则Standard for protective spacing between medium, short wave broadcast transmitting station and electric cable carrier telecommunication systems给水排水构筑物施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of constructional structures of water supply and sewerage建筑灭火器配置设计规范Code for design of extinguisher disposition in buildings内河通航原则Standard for navigation of inland river水位观测原则Standard for observation of water level都市用地分类与规划建设用地原则Standard for classification of urban land and for planning of constructional land电镀废水治理设计规范Code for design of disposal of electroplating waste water高耸构造设计规范Code for design of high-rise structures人防工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of civil air defense works 民用建筑照明设计原则Standard for design of artificial lighting in civil buildings工程构造设计基本术语和通用符号Standard for basic terms and general symbols used in structural design of engineering自动化仪表安装工程质量检查评估原则Standard for quality inspection and assessment of installation works for automatic instruments钢筋混凝土升板构造技术规范Technical code for reinforced concrete lift-slab structure砌体基本力学性能试验措施原则Standard for test methods of basic mechanical properties of masonry立式圆筒开形钢制焊接油罐施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of stand cylindrical steel welded oil storage tank架空索道工程技术规范Technical code for aerial ropeway engineering工业设备及管道绝热工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of heat insulation in industrial equipment and pipe work给水排水设计基本术语原则Standard for basic terms used in design of water supply and sewerage engineering道路工程术语原则Standard for terms used in road engineering土工试验措施原则Standard for test methods of earthworks工业企业噪声测量规范Code for measurement of noise in industrial enterprises建筑隔声评价原则Standard for assessment of building sound insulation工业企业共用天线电视系统设计规范Code for design of community television system in industrial enterprises混凝土外加剂应用技术规范Technical code for application of admixture in concrete民用建筑隔声设计规范Code for sound insulation design of civil buildings工业构筑物抗震鉴定原则Standard for earthquake-resistant evaluation of industrial constructional structures火灾自动报警系统设计规范Code for design of automatic fire alarm systems工业电视系统工程设计规范Code for design of close circuit television system采暖通风与空气调整制图原则Standard for heating，ventilation and air-conditioning drawings液压滑动模板施工技术规范Technical code for construction using hydraulic slip formworks膨胀土地区建筑技术规范Technical code for buildings in swelling soil zone铁路工程抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of railway engineering卤代烷1211灭火系统设计规范Code for design of haton1211fire extinguishing systems 地下工程防水技术规范Technical code for water proof in underground engineering混凝土强度检查评估原则Standard for inspection and assessment of strength of concrete给水排水制图原则Standard for water supply and sewerage drawing建筑构造制图原则Standard for structural drawing建筑制图原则Standard for architectural drawing总图制图原则Standard for general layout drawing工业循环冷却水设计规范Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water建筑楼梯模数协调原则Standard for modular coordination of building staircases住宅建筑模数协调原则Standard for modular coordination of dwelling houses中小学校建筑设计规范Code for design of secondary and primary school buildings人民防空工程设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of civil air defense works水泥混凝土路面施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of cement concrete pavement住宅设计规范Code for design of dwelling houses水文基本术语和符号原则Standard for terms and symbols used in hygrometry球形储罐施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of spherical tank工业自动化仪表工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial automatic instrument works沥青路面施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of asphalt pavement铁路车站及枢纽设计规范Code for design of railway stations and railway terminals铁路线路设计规范Code for design of railway line民用爆破器材工厂设计安全规范Code for safety design of civil explosive materials manufacturing plants驻波管法吸声系数与声阻抗率测量规范Code for measurement of sound-absorbing coefficient and specific acoustic impedance of standing-wave工业企业噪声控制设计规范Code for design of noise control in industrial enterprises锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范Technical code for shot concrete rock bolts shore喷灌工程技术规范Technical code for sprinkling irrigation engineering自动喷水灭火系统设计规范Code for design of automatic fire sprinkler systems建筑构造设计术语和符号原则Standard for terminology and symbols used in design of building structures一般混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验措施Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete一般混凝土力学性能试验措施原则Standard for test methods of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete一般混凝土拌合物性能试验措施Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture工业企业通信接地设计规范Code for design of telecommunications earthing in industrial enterprises烟囱工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of chimney works钢筋混凝土筒仓设计规范Code for design of reinforced concrete silos厅堂混响时间测量规范Code for measurement of reverberation time in hall建筑隔声测量规范Code for measurement of building sound insulation石油库设计规范Code for design of petroleum depots洁净厂房设计规范Code for design of industrial clean rooms冷库设计规范Code for design of cold-storages小型水力发电站设计规范Code for design of small-sized hydropower stations矿山电力装置设计规范Code for design of mine electrical power equipment给水排水工程构造设计规范Code for structural design of water supply and sewerage engineering建筑构造设计统一原则Unified standard for design of building structures汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of garage, motor repair shop and parking area制冷设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of installation works of refrigeration equipment工业与民用电力装置旳接地设计规范Code for design of earthing of industrial and civil electrical installation工业与民用电力装置旳过电压保护设计规范Code for design of over-voltage protection of industrial and civil electrical installation电力装置旳电气测量仪表装置设计规范Code for design of electrical measuring instrumentation of electrical installation电力装置旳继电保护和自动装置设计规范Code for design of relaying protection and automatic device of electric power installation66KV及如下架空电力线路设计规范Code for design of 66KV or under over-head electrical power transmission line3～110KV高压配电装置设计规范Code for design of 3～110KV high voltage electrical installations35～110KV变电所设计规范Code for design of 35～110KV爆炸和火灾危险环境电力装置设计规范Code for design of electric installations within explosion and fire hazard atmospheres建筑物防雷设计规范Code for design of lightning protection of buildings电热设备电力装置设计规范Code for design of electrical equipment of electroheat installations通用用电设备配电设计规范Code for design of power distribution of general electrical installations低压配电装置及线路设计规范Code for design of low voltage power distribution installations and wiring systems10KV及如下变电所设计规范Code for design of 10KV or under substations供配电系统设计规范Code for design of electric power supply systems烟囱设计规范Code for design of chimneys工业循环冷却水处理设计规范Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water treatment小型火力发电厂设计规范Code for design of small -sized power plant混响室法吸声系数测量规范Code for measurement of sound -absorbing coefficient in reverberation room工业建筑防腐蚀设计规范Code for design of corrosion prevention of industrial buildings 高层民用建筑设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of high-rise buildings室外给水排水工程设施抗震鉴定原则Standard for seismic assessment of outdoor water supply and sewerage engineering facilities工业企业通信设计规范Code for design of telecommunication in industrial enterprises锅炉房设计规范Code for design of boiler house动力机器基础设计规范Code for design of dynamic machine foundation村镇建筑设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of rural buildings人民防空地下室设计规范Code for design of basement for civil air defense建筑地面设计规范Code of design for ground surface and floor of buildings工业企业照明设计原则Standard for artificial lighting design of industrial enterprises医院洁净手术部建筑技术规范Standard for daylighting design of industrial enterprises室外给水排水和煤气热力工程抗震设计规范Code for earthquake-resistant design of outdoor water supply, sewerage, gas and heating engineering乙炔站设计规范Code for design of acetylene stations氧气站设计规范Code for design of oxygen station压缩空气站设计规范Code for design of compressed air stations城镇燃气设计规范Code for design of city gas engineering供水水文地质勘察规范Code for hydro-geological investigation of water supply工程测量规范Code for engineering surveying湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone建筑抗震鉴定原则Standard for earthquake-resistant evaluation of buildings厂矿道路设计规范Code for design of road in factories and mining areas岩土工程勘察规范Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering采暖通风与空气调整设计规范Code for design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning 冷弯薄壁型钢构造技术规范Technical code for design of cold-formed thin -wall steel structures钢构造设计规范Code for design of steel structures建筑设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of buildings建筑给水排水设计规范Code for design of building water supply and sewerage室外排水设计规范Code for design of outdoor sewerage engineering室外给水设计规范Code for design of outdoor water supply engineering工业企业原则轨距铁路设计规范Code for design of standard track gauge railway in industrial enterprises建筑抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of buildings混凝土构造设计规范Code for design of concrete structures建筑构造荷载规范Loading code for design of building structures建筑地基基础设计规范Code for design of building厂房建筑模数协调原则Standard for modular coordination of factory buildings 木构造设计规范Code for design of timber structures砌体构造设计规范Code for design of masonry structures建筑模数协调统一原则Unified standard for modular coordination of buildings 房屋建筑制图统一原则Unified standard for building drawing。
船体结构图文介绍
3船体结构（ConstructionofShipHull）船体是由骨材和钢板组合而成的复杂结构体。
由于骨材布置的方式不同，形成了不同的船体结构形式。
船体结构各部位的作用不同，各个结构的细节也不相同。
现将船体进行分解，按各个部位给出结构细节的名称。
3.1船体结构形式船体横向布置的骨材间距较小，纵向布置的骨材间距较大，这种船体结构称为横骨架式结构；船体横向布置的骨材间距较大，纵向布置的骨材间距较小，这种船体结构称为纵骨架式结构。
船体的强力甲板和船底采用纵骨架式结构，而舷侧和下甲板采用横骨架式结构，这种船体结构称为混合骨架式结构。
图3.1.1单甲板横骨架式船体结构图3.1.1单甲板横骨架式船体结构transverseframingsystemofsingle-deckhull甲板板deckedplate舷顶列板topsideplate,sheerstrake舷侧外板sideplate舭列板bilgestrake船底板bottomplate龙骨centerlineverticalkeel平板龙骨flatkeel，platekeel旁内龙骨sidekeelson梁肘板beambracket甲板纵骨decklongitudinal肋骨frame强肋骨webframe舷侧纵骨sidelongitudinal肋板floor横梁beam横舱壁板transversebulkheadplate图3.1.2有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构图3.1.2有二层甲板横骨架式船体结构transverseframingsystemoftwo-deckedhul l上甲板upperdeck上甲板舱口围板hatchcoamingonupperdeck甲板间肋骨tweendeckframe二甲板seconddeck甲板横梁deckbeam二甲板舱口围板hatchcoamingonseconddeck船侧外板sideplate舱内肋骨holdframe肘板bracket横梁beam舭肘板bilgebracket主肋板mainfloor内底板innerbottomplate舭部外板bilgestrake舭龙骨bilgekeel图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构扶强材stiffener旁底桁bottomsidegirder船底板bottomplate中底桁bottomcentralgirder图3.1.3纵骨架式船体结构longitudinalframingsystemofhull 上甲板upperdeck甲板纵桁deckgirder甲板纵骨decklongitudinal舷侧外板topsideplating强横梁webbeam水平扶强材horizontalstiffener 强横梁webbeam肘板bracket舷侧纵骨decklongitudinal纵舱壁longitudinalbulkhead强肋骨webframe撑材strut肋板floor面板faceplate肋板bottomtransverse舭龙骨bilgekeel船底纵骨bottomlongitudinal船底纵桁bottomgirder船底板bottomplate图3.1.4混合骨架式船体结构combinedframingsystemofhull船底板bottomplate中纵桁centergirder旁纵桁sidegirder内底边板marginplate船底纵骨bottomlongitudinal内底板innerbottomplating内底纵骨innerbottomlongitudinal肘板bracket主肋板mainfloor舭龙骨bilgekeel舱内肋骨holdframe甲板纵桁deckgirder舷侧外板sideplating上甲板upperdeck甲板纵桁deckgirder甲板纵骨decklongitudinal甲板横梁deckbeam二层甲板seconddeck三层甲板thirddeck图3.1.4混合骨架式船体结构3.2船首结构船的首部是指上甲板以下，防撞舱壁以前的船体，这部分船体处于船的最前端。
轮船建造过程英文作文
轮船建造过程英文作文英文：Building a ship is a complex and fascinating process that requires a great deal of skill, planning, and coordination. The process typically begins with the design phase, where naval architects and engineers work together to create detailed plans for the ship. This involves determining the ship's size, shape, and layout, as well as the materials and construction methods that will be used.Once the design is finalized, the construction phase can begin. This often starts with the fabrication of the ship's hull and superstructure. This involves cutting and shaping large steel plates, which are then welded together to form the basic structure of the ship. This process requires a high level of precision and attention to detail to ensure that the hull is strong and watertight.As the hull takes shape, the ship's interior spaces arealso constructed. This includes the installation of theship's propulsion systems, electrical systems, and living quarters for the crew. Each of these systems must be carefully integrated into the ship's design to ensure that everything functions properly once the ship is in operation.Once the ship is fully constructed, it undergoes aseries of tests and inspections to ensure that it meets all safety and quality standards. This may include sea trials, where the ship is taken out to sea to test its performancein real-world conditions. Any issues that are identified during these tests must be addressed before the ship can be certified for operation.Overall, the process of building a ship is a highly collaborative effort that involves a wide range of skills and expertise. From the initial design phase to the final construction and testing, it requires the coordination of many different teams and individuals to bring the ship to life.中文：造船是一个复杂而迷人的过程，需要大量的技能、规划和协调。
船舶建造计划英语
Introduction:In the realm of maritime engineering, the construction of a high-quality vessel is an intricate process that necessitates meticulous planning, precision execution, and adherence to stringent international standards. This comprehensive shipbuilding plan encapsulates a multi-faceted approach that underscores the importance of quality control, safety, environmental sustainability, and technological innovation in every phase of the construction process.Project Overview:The shipbuilding project involves the design and construction of a state-of-the-art commercial vessel, tailored to meet the highest levels of operational efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility. The vessel will be designed with cutting-edge technology, ensuring it complies with all International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and surpasses industry benchmarks for quality and performance.Design Phase:The design process begins with detailed conceptualization, where our team of naval architects will employ advanced Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to create a 3D model. This phase will emphasize factors such as stability, hydrodynamics, fuel efficiency, and seaworthiness, ensuring that the vessel meets or exceeds classification society rules. We will also integrate sustainable features like energy-efficient propulsion systems and optimized hull designs to minimize carbon footprint.Construction Phase:Material selection is paramount in achieving high-quality standards. Only certified materials from reputable suppliers meeting international standards will be used. Welding procedures will strictly adhere to ISO 3834, guaranteeing the structural integrity of the vessel. Throughout this phase, rigorous Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) measures will be enforced, including regular inspections, non-destructive testing, and adherence to approveddrawings and specifications.Additionally, we'll prioritize worker safety by adhering to OHSAS 18001 guidelines and providing ongoing training to ensure that all personnel involved in the construction process are well-versed in safe work practices.Installation & Integration:High-quality standards extend to the installation and integration of machinery, navigation equipment, and onboard systems. All installations will comply with relevant IMO, SOLAS, and flag state requirements. The vessel's automation and control systems will be cutting-edge, promoting efficient operation and minimizing human error.Sea Trials & Delivery:Before delivery, the vessel will undergo extensive sea trials to validate its performance, maneuverability, speed, and endurance against the set parameters. Post-trial modifications, if any, will be executed promptly to ensure complete satisfaction. The final stage includes thorough documentation, certification, and handover to the client, following all ISM (International Safety Management) and ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security) codes.Maintenance & Lifecycle Planning:A key aspect of our commitment to high standards is extending beyond the build phase. We provide a comprehensive maintenance plan and lifecycle analysis to ensure optimal performance throughout the vessel's service life. This includes predictive maintenance strategies based on IoT and AI technologies to minimize downtime and prolong the vessel's operational lifespan.Conclusion:This shipbuilding plan embodies a holistic vision of quality, encapsulating not only the physical aspects of the vessel but also the procedural, regulatory, and environmental dimensions. Our unwavering commitment to high standards ensures that the constructed vessel will be at the forefront of maritime excellence, reflecting a synthesis of technological advancement, safetyconsciousness, and environmental stewardship.By meticulously executing this plan, we aim to deliver a vessel that not only meets but consistently exceeds the expectations of our clients, while also contributing to the global maritime industry's push towards safer, cleaner, and more efficient shipping practices.。
船体构造英文作文
Title: Ship Hull ConstructionShip hull construction is a fundamental and critical aspect of shipbuilding, encompassing the design, fabrication, and assembly of the structural framework that forms the main body of a ship. The hull serves as the outer shell of the vessel, providing buoyancy, stability, and protection against the forces of the surrounding environment. This essay will explore the key components and processes involved in ship hull construction, highlighting the significance of a well-built hull for the seaworthiness and performance of a ship.The hull of a ship is typically composed of several main components, including the hull plating, framing, bulkheads, decks, and various structural members that collectively form the rigid and watertight structure of the vessel. The hull plating, usually made of steel or aluminum, forms the outer skin of the ship and provides a protective barrier against water ingress, corrosion, and external impacts. The framing, consisting of longitudinal and transverse members, supports the hull plating and distributes loads to ensure structural integrity and strength.Bulkheads are vertical walls that divide the interior space of the ship into compartments, providing structural reinforcement, enhancing stability, and preventing the spread of water in case of a breach. Decks, located at different levels within the hull, serve as platforms for crew operations, cargo storage, and machinery installations. Together, these components form a cohesive and robust hull structure that withstands the harsh conditions of the marine environment.The process of ship hull construction begins with the design phase, where naval architects and engineers develop detailed plans and specifications for the hull geometry, materials, and construction methods. The chosen material, whether steel, aluminum, or composite materials, is then cut, shaped, and assembled according to the design specifications. Welding, riveting, or bonding techniques are employed to join the structural components together, ensuring structural integrity and watertightness.During the assembly phase, the hull components are welded or fastened together to form the complete hull structure, including the bow, stern, sides, and bottom of the ship. Quality control measures such as non-destructive testing, inspections, and certifications are carried out to verify the integrity and compliance of the hull construction with industry standards and regulations. The significance of a well-built hull in ship construction cannot be overstated, as it directly influences the performance, safety, and longevity of a vessel. A properly designed and constructed hull ensures seaworthiness, stability in different sea conditions, resistance to structural fatigue, and protection against corrosion and environmental hazards. Moreover, a well-maintained hull prolongs the operational life of a ship and reduces maintenance costs over time.In conclusion, ship hull construction is a complex and meticulous process that shapes the essential structure of a ship, providing the foundation for its functionality and performance at sea. By integrating engineering principles, material science, and craftsmanship, shipbuilders create durable, seaworthy vessels that navigate the world’s oceans with reliability and efficiency. The art and science of ship hull construction continue to evolve with technological advancements and innovation, driving the development of safer, more sustainable, and high-performance ships for the maritime industry.。
船舶结构名称
船舶结构名称1．1船长1）总长Loa：length of overall2）垂线间长Lbp：length between perpendiculars 3）登记船长L：registered length4）干舷长Lf：freeboard length5）船舶分舱长度LS：subdivision length6）艉垂线：aft perpendicular7）艏垂线：forward perpendicular8）后端点：aft end point9）挪威规范，英国规范：Oslo Rules, UK Rules 10）前端点：fore end point11）美国规范：USA Rules12）艏楼甲板：F’cle Dk13）日本规范: Japanese Rules14）艏柱：stem15）水线长：length of water line16）干舷长前端点: forward end of freeboard length 1．2 船宽1）登记船宽B：registered breadth2）上甲板 Upp Deck3）角隅圆弧的断点：termination of corner radius4）干舷船宽Bf : breadth of ship for freeboard5）分舱船宽Bs : subdivision breadth of ship1．3 型深（D）depth1．4 吃水d: draught or draft1．5 干舷: freeboard1．6 吨位及舱容 tonnage and cargo capacity总吨 gross tonnage 净吨 net tonnage苏伊士运河吨位 Suez Canal tonnage巴拿马运河吨位 Panama Canal tonnage排水量 displacement载重吨 deadweight国家吨位 national tonnage国际吨位 international tonnage包装货物舱容 bale capacity谷物舱容 grain capacity外板 shell plating 护肋材 sparring谷物容积限度 grain capacity捆包容积限度 limit of bale capacityg表示谷物容积g indicates grain capacity b表示捆包容积b indicates bale capacity底部垫木 bottom ceiling1．7船速 speed1．8 船型系数 block coefficient细长型fine form 肥大型full form 方形系数block coefficient (Cb)中横剖面系数 midship coefficient (Cm)棱形系数 prismatic coefficient (Cp)水线面系数 water plane coefficient (Cw)1．9描述船舶动态及静态的词汇 terms to describe the dynamic [dai’nAmik] conditions and static positions纵倾trim 艉翘 trim by stern 艏翘 trim by head无纵倾状态 even keel (non-trimmed condition)横倾 heel or list 船体运动 ship motion横摇rolling纵摇pitching艏摇yawing垂荡heaving横荡swaying纵荡 surging1．10描述船体构件受力及变形的词汇 describe the movement of hull structural member弯曲 bending 扭曲 twisting 屈曲buckling振动 vibration 剪切 sheering 横摇rolling 强摇 racking1．11其他基本词汇 (1)1）左舷 port side 2) 右舷 starboard side3) 纵向 longitudinal 4) 横向 transverse5) 水平 horizontal 6) 垂直 vertical 7) 中心线 centre line (CL & )8) 舯 midship or amidships (expressed by symbol )9) 船中区域 midship part (0.4L ~ 0.5L)10) 船首 bow 11) 艏柱 stem 12) 艏部 bow part or fore part13) 艏垂线 fore perpendicular (FP)14) 艉柱 stern 15) 艉部stern part or aft part16) 艉垂线 aft perpendicular (AP)17) 尾端 ends: these normally signify the end parts of the hull of a ship with 0.1L通常是指自船尾端始的0.1L的范围18) 基线 base line (BL): normally the keel line 通常是指龙骨线19) 肋骨间距 frame space 20) 肋骨线 frame line21) 船体围长girth length: the length measured at the transverse section of the hull of a ship from gunnel to gunnel 在船体横截面上从一侧的船舷上沿量取到另一侧的船舷上沿的距离22) 龙骨上面 top of keel 23) 折角线 knuckle line (KL) 24) 折角点 knuckle point25) 舷弧 sheer 26) 艏舷弧 fore sheer 27) 艉舷弧 aft sheer 28) 梁拱camber29）甲板内倾 tumble home 30) 外飘 flare31）舭部升高 rise of floor 32）平行部 parallel part1．12其他基本词汇(2)1) 船桥甲板上缘top of bridge deck beam 2) 船桥楼外缘outline of bridge enclosure3) 上甲板梁上缘top of upper deck beam 4)梁拱 camber5) 主甲板的内倾tumble home at upper deck6) 船桥甲板的内倾 tumble home at bridge deck7) 上甲板边 upper deck at side 8) 船中心线 centre line of ship9) 舭部 bilge part 10) 平板龙骨的一半 half-side dimension of flat portion at keel11) 船中船桥甲板的型深 moulded depth to bridge deck12) 船中主甲板处的型深 moulded depth to upper deck13) 船中型吃水 moulded draught1.13 线型 lines1) 横剖线图 body plan 2) 纵剖线图 profile or sheer plan 3)半宽图水线 half-breadth plan1.14其他图纸文件 other plans and documents1) 除线型图之外,下列图纸被称为关键图(key plans):总体布置图 general arrangement 中横剖面图 midship section 钢材构造图 construction profile 外板展开图 shell expansion2) 其他关键图以外的船体图纸被称为船厂图 (yard plan):(1) 船体方面艏柱、艉柱、螺旋桨柱和舵结构stem, stern frame, propeller post and rudder甲板结构图deck plans 单底、双底结构图single bottom and double bottom水密和油密舱壁结构图 watertight and oil tight bulkheads上层建筑端壁图 superstructure end bulkhead船首、船尾、船底部抗拍击结构图arrangement to resist panting in both peaks and their vicinity [vi’siniti] 邻近, 接近支柱和甲板纵桁图 pillars and deck girders 轴隧图 shaft tunnels 锅炉、主机、推力轴承、中间轴承、发电机和其它重要辅机基座图Seating of boiler, engine, thrust and plummer blocks dynamos 发电机机舱棚图 machinery casings长甲板室结构图 long deckhouse桅杆、桅室和绞车平台结构图masts and mast houses and winch platforms泵布置图 pumping arrangements甲板装原木时绑扎装置布置图timber deck cargo security arrangements防火构造图 construction for fire protection消防布置图 plans showing fire extinguishing arrangement逃生路径布置图 plans showing escape routes舱室路径图plans showing arrangement for access of tank and space(2) 轮机方面机器处所布置图 machinery arrangement of machinery space 船内通讯系统图 diagram for internal communication system 主、辅机图 main and auxiliary engines动力传动齿轮、轴系及螺旋桨图power transmission gears, shafting and propellers锅炉及压力容器图 boiler and pressure vessel辅机和管系图 auxiliary machinery and piping操舵装置图 steering gear自动控制及遥控装置图 automatic and remote controls备件spare part 电气装置electrical installations 船桥视界navigation bridge visibility(3) 其他图纸文件船体轮机设计说明书 specifications for hull and machinery船中横剖面模数计算书calculation sheets for minimum athwartship (横越) section modulus (模数) in way of the midship part防腐式样书 corrosion prevention scheme 稳性计算书 stability calculation sheets破舱稳性计算书 damage stability calculation sheets装载手册 loading manual 绑扎手册 security manual1．15 静水力曲线 hydrostatic curves浮心距基线高度 centre of buoyancy above base line (KB)浮心距船中 centre of buoyancy from midship (B)漂心距船中centre of floatation from midship (F)每厘米吃水吨数 tons per one centimeter immersion (TPC)每厘米纵倾力矩 moment to change one centimeter (CTM)水线系数 water plane coefficient (Cw)纵稳心距基线高longitudinal metacentre above base line (LKM)横稳心距基线高 transverse metacentre above base line (KM) 棱形系数prismatic [priz’mAtik] coefficient (Cp)垂直棱形系数 vertical prismatic coefficient (Cvp)方形系数 block coefficient (Cb)型排水量 displacement in tons excluding appendages (附件，附属物)总排水量 displacement in tons including appendages船体湿表面面积 wetted surface area (W.S.)1.16 稳性 stability1）静态稳性 intact stability 2）动态稳性 dynamic stability3）稳性判据stability criteria （标准）4）稳性曲线stability curves5）倾斜试验 inclining test 6）重心高度 KG (height of centre of gravity)7）稳心高度 KM (height of metacentre)8）初稳性高度 GM 9）静稳性力臂 GZ10）自由液面的影响 free water effect11）大倾角稳性 stability at a large inclination angle12）稳性十字曲线 cross curves of stability13）纵向稳性longitudinal stability 14）横向稳性transverse stability15）破舱稳性damage stability 16）浸水计算flooding calculation17）浸水概率 flooding probability 18）分舱 compartment19）生存条件 survival requirement 20）最终状态 final stage 21）生存概率survival probability 22）分舱指数subdivision index23）处所渗透率 permeability of a space24）许用GM0曲线 permissible GM0 curve1．17 波浪 wave斯托克波stokes wave 正弦波sine wave 摆动波trochoidal wave船行波 wave generated by ship sailing 散波 divergent wave 船尾横波 stern transverse eave 船首横波 bow transverse wave1．18 船体强度 strength of ship船体垂向弯曲最终强度 vertical bending ultimate strength船体梁强度 hull girder strength 纵向强度 longitudinal strength 纵向弯距 longitudinal bending moment 剪切力 sheering force中拱 hogging 中垂 sagging静水弯距 longitudinal bending moment in still water (Ms)波浪弯矩Mw( ) and Mw (-) wave induced longitudinal bending moment横向强度 transverse strength 扭转强度 twisting strength局部强度 local strength 失稳强度 buckling strength受压失稳强度 compressive buckling strength剪切失稳强度 sheer buckling strength直接强度计算/分析 direct strength calculation / analyzing疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳强度解析、评价 fatigue strength anlyze, assessment应力集中 stress concentration波浪周期 wave period 随浪 following wave 顶浪 heading sea 横浪 beam wave波浪载荷wave load 垂向波浪弯距vertical wave bending moment波浪变动压 hydrodynamic (水力，流体动力学)pressure舱室内压 internal pressure 许用应力 allowable stress最小弯距 Wmin 剖面模数 section modulus惯性矩 moment of inertia强度连续性 continuity of strength 板架、板单元 plate panel1．19 船体尺寸限制Panama 圣。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
综述This standard is to be applied in the absence of any specific requirements by the customers or other concerned parties. If there are any specific requirements from customer, which differ from this standard, such requirements shall befollowed. These requirements maybe include the drawings in contract, technical documents and other recognisedstandards.本标准在船东或相关方无明确要求时适用。
如果船东有明确要求且与此标准不同，应遵循船东要求。
这些要求可以是合同约定的图纸，技术文件或其它认可的标准。
1 Scope适用范围1.1 This standard provides requirements of building quality for hull structure during new construction.本标准规定了船体结构建造过程中的质量要求。
The standard applies to:本标准适用于：-conventional merchant ship types;普通商船类；-parts of hull covered by the rules of the Class;船级社规范涵盖的海洋工程钢结构；-hull structures constructed from nomal and higher strength structural steel.由普通钢和高强钢建造的船及海洋工程钢结构。
The applicability of the standard is in each case to be agreed upon by the Class or Owner.本标准的每次使用都应得到船级社或船东的同意。
The standard does not apply to new structure of:此标准不适用于下列结构的建造；-special types of as e.g. gas tankers and lattice type legs;特殊船型,如运输天然气的轮船和点阵形式的桩腿结构；-structures fabicated from stainless steel or other, special types or grades of steel.由不锈钢或其它特殊钢材建造的结构。
1.2 In this standard, both a "Standard" range and a "Limit" range are listed. The "Standard" range represents the targetrange expected to be met in regular work under normal circumstances. The "Limit" range represents the maximumallowable deviation from the "Standard" range. Work beyond the "Standard" range but within the "Limit" range isacceptable. In case where no "Limit" value is specified, the value beyond the "Standard" range may be acceptedsubject to the consideration of the Class or Owner.在此标准中，列出了标准范围和极限范围。
标准范围是指在常规情况下正常工作期望达到的目标范围。
极限范围指超出标准范围的最大允许偏差。
超出标准范围但在极限范围之内是允许的。
当没有指明极限值时，在得到船东或船检认可，超出标准范围也可认为合格。
1.3 The standard covers typical construction methods and quality requirements for most important aspects of suchconstruction. Structure category listed in the standard, such as special, primary and secondry, shall be in accordance with specific drawings or documents from structure designers.本标准包含了典型的建造方法以及这些建造重要部分的质量要求。
标准列出的结构类别，如特殊、主要和次要结构，应符合结构设计师的图纸或文件要求。
1.4 Details relevant to structures or fabrication procedures, such as welding procedure, heat treatment procedure,preheating procedure, painting preocdure, ect., are not covered by this standard. When the srandard differs from these specific procedures, the procedures shall apply.本标准不包含相关的结构或制作工艺，如焊接工艺，热处理工艺，预热工艺，喷涂工艺等。
如果此标准与这些工艺有差别，以专用工艺为准。
材料2.1 Limits of Material Defects and Remedial Methods(Table 2-1)材料缺陷的限定和修正措施（表 2-1）Table 2-1/表 2-1Continued Table 2-1/续表 2-12.2 Negative Thickness Tolerance for Steel Plates(Table 2-2)钢板的厚度负偏差（表2-2）Table 2-2/ 表 2-2Table 3-1/表 3-1ItemRemark 项目备注Structural Category 结构等级Standard 标准Limit 允许极限Special 特殊150um 300umPrimary 重要150um 300umSecondary 次要500um 1000umSpecial 特殊-0Primary 重要-＜1mmSecondary 次要-＜3mmSpecial 特殊400um 800umPrimary 重要400um 800umSecondary 次要800um 1500umSpecial 特殊2mm ＜5mmPrimary 重要3mm ＜5mmSecondary 次要3mm ＜5mmRequirement要求Free edge 自由边Roughness 粗糙度Notch 缺口3. Cutting 切割3.1 Requiremnet of Cutting Surface(Table 3-1) 切割面的加工要求(表 3-1)1. Burrs on free edge shall be removed. 自由边上的毛刺应去除。
2.For special consideration, the free edge shall be grinded as the requirement showing in design drawings.基于特殊考虑，自由边应当依据批 准的设计图纸进行打磨。
If notch ≥5mm ，welding may be used for repair at classification society's discretion.如果缺口大于5mm,并且获得验船 师许可，缺口可采用焊接进行修补。
Welding edge 焊接边Roughness 粗糙度Notch 缺口3.2 Requirement of Cutting Geometry(Table 3-2)切割几何尺寸要求(表 3-2)Table 3-2/表 3-23.3 Mill-Induced Lamination of Cutting edge (Table 3-3)切割面上的母材分层（表 3-3）Table 3-3/表 3-34. Forming成型4.1 Deviation of Forming (Table 4-1)成型偏差（表 4-1）Table 4-1/表 4-1Item Remark 项目备注Standard 标准Limit 允许极限±2.0mm ±3.0mm -≤4mm ≤5mm -±2.0mm ±4.0mm -≤3mm ≤5mm -Plate with double curvature 双曲度板Gap between plate and box template in lengthwise direction 长度方向与样箱的空隙Deviation between drawn line and reference line on template 与样板上基准线的偏差Continued Table 4-1/续表 4-1Gap between plate and boxtemplate in breadthwise direction肋位方向与样箱的空隙Requirement要求Item 项目Flange of edge边缘皱折4.2 Maximum Heating Temperature Surface for Line Heating (Table 4-2) 线加热时钢板允许的最高表面温度（表4-2）Table 4-2/表 4-24.3 Plastic deformation of forming (Table 4-3)塑性变形量要求（表 4-3）Table 4-3/表 4-35 Assembly装配5.1 Alignment (Table 5-1)对齐（表 5-1）5.2Built-up Sections(Table 5-2)型钢制作(表5-2)Table 5-2/表5-25.3 Built-up Node (Table 5-3)组合节点(表5-3)Table5-3/表 5-35.4 Block Assemply(Table 5-4)分段组装(表 5-4)Table5-4/表5-4Page 21 of 45Continued Table 5-4/续表5-4Page 22 of 45Table5-5/表5-5ItemRemark 项目注明Distance btween upper/lower gudgeon 上、下舵承间距Distance between aft edge ofboss and aft peak bulkhead轴毂尾端与尾尖舱壁间的距离Twist of sub-assembly ofstern frame 尾柱组装件扭曲Deviation of rudder fromshaft centre line 舵轴中心线偏移Twist of rudder plate舵叶扭曲Flatness of top plate of mainengine bed主机底座顶板平直度Breadth and length of top plate of main engine bed 主机底座顶板的长度和宽度要求Standard 标准Limit 极限要求5.5 Special Block Assemply(Table5-5) 特殊分段组装(表5-5)Dimensions and tolerances have to fulfill engine and equipment manufacturers’requirements, if any.尺寸与公差应当满足设备制造商的要求。