Timing Belts Calculation Methods
Tension timing belts
4.5Tension timing belts of drive axes of laying carriage support 4.5.1GeneralS To avoid increased wear, coat the timing belts with silicone spray prior to start–up and after timing belt replacement.S Wear phenomena must be detected during regular maintenance work.Worn–out or broken timing belts will cause damages to the stitch–bonding machine.MaintenanceS Check general condition of timing belts every 3 months (approx. 1,500 hours of operation).Take particular care of teeth wear and lateral abrasion.S Check timing belt tension in the same time interval:too high belt tension will cause early wear and excessive bearing loads,too low belt tension will cause unsafe operation and may cause collisions upon skipping of belts.A belt tensiometer can be purchased from the company Karl Mayer Malimo or the timing beltmanufacturer.Timing belt replacementS The timing belts must be replaced after approx. 12,000 hours of operation and/or 2 years. Setting values of timing beltsS The timing belt undergoes plastic deformation after initial tensioning during the first 24 hours of operation (setting behavior) which may cause drop of belt tension adjusted.S The values to which the belt tension may drop can be derived from empirical values acqui-red. So, the following setting values are obtained:Timing belt tension after 20 hours of operation (service values, retensioning values) Timing belt tension upon belt replacement (mounting values)Adjustment of drive axes4.5.2Timing belt tension after 20 hours of operationMaintenanceS Remove cover guard on the deflection of X–axis belt.S Adjust 1200 mm as free–oscillating belt length between lift–off point on deflection pulley and mount on laying carriage, to this end, move the laying carriage manually to required po-sition.S In this position, timing belt tension of all axes can be checked.S Failure to reach the service values will require retensioning of timing belts.Service values f in Hz L in mmX–drive36 – 38Y–drive39 – 41X = 1200Z–drive33 – 35L– length of free–oscillating timing beltf– oscillation frequency of timing belt after excitationRetensioningS Remove cover guard on the belt deflection of drive axes to be readjusted.S Upon readjustment of timing belt tension, measure exactly the length of free–oscillating ti-ming belt for the associated drive axis.(x–axis: distance between liftoff point on deflection pulley and mount on weft laying carriage) (y– and z–axis: distance between liftoff points on deflection pulleys)Retensioning values f in Hz L in mmX–drive371200Y–drive401030Z–drive341170L– length of free–oscillating timing beltf– oscillation frequency of timing belt after excitationAfter retensioning of timing belts, the whole weft system must be readjusted. Refer to: >Master Menu – Service General – Reference Position<4.5.3Timing belt tension upon belt replacement (mounting values)S Upon readjustment of timing belt tension after belt replacement, measure exactly the length of free–oscillating timing belt for the associated drive axis.(x–axis: distance between liftoff point on deflection pulley and mount on weft laying carriage) (y– and z–axis: distance between liftoff points on deflection pulleys)Mounting values f in Hz L in mmX–drive391200Y–drive421030Z–drive361170L– length of free–oscillating timing beltf– oscillation frequency of timing belt after excitationAfter replacement of timing belts, the whole weft system must be readjusted. Refer to: >Master Menu – Service General – Reference Position<4.6Timing–belt replacement / Weft insertion systemS Wear phenomena must be detected during maintenance work performed in regular inter-vals. Worn–out or broken timing belts may cause damages to the knitting machine.S The timing belts must be replaced after approx. 12,000 hours of operation and/or two years.4.6.1Replace timing belts on weft–laying carriage supportX–axisHow to proceed:1.Move weft laying carriage in position easy to reach.2.Switch key–operated MASTER SAFEGUARD switch to OFF (stand–by).X XX3.Remove cover guards on both sides of weft–laying carriage support, release belt tensioner.4.Unclamp timing belt.5.Affix new belt to either end of old belt with adhesive tape, then, make it pass through support uniformly along with the old belt.ATTENTION:Belt must bear on the guide roll of support.6.Introduce both ends into the clamps of weft laying carriage.ATTENTION:Clamping plates must exactly match with the teeth of belt and the belt shall flush with the end of plates.7.Tension timing belt by means of belt tensioner according to specification.Refer to: >T ENSION T IMING B ELTS OF W EFT S YSTEM – W EFT–L AYING C ARRIAGE S UPPORT<8.Remount cover guards.9.The belt replacement procedure is completed upon unlocking of STOP button.After replacement of timing belts, the whole weft system must be readjusted. Refer to: >M ASTER M ENU – S ERVICE G ENERAL – R EFERENCE P OSITION<Z Y X Z S S MYY– and Z–axesHow to proceed:1.Move weft laying carriage in position easy to reach.2.Switch key–operated MASTER SAFEGUARD switch to OFF (stand–by).3.Remove cover guards on both sides of weft–laying carriage support, release belt tensioner.4.Release bearing shell caps of deflection pulleys on RH side of weft–laying carriage support, re-move deflection pulley and take belt off the pulley.5.Release belt tensioners of axes Y and Z on weft laying carriage, undo both screws (S) on top bea-ring support of center shaft and nut SW17 (M) to locate the adjusting screw and dismount center shaft.6.Dismount old belts and mount new ones.7.Remount and locate center shaft.8.Put belt onto belt pulley on LH side of weft–laying carriage support.9.Put belt onto deflection pulley on RH side of weft–laying carriage support, insert deflec-tion pulley into bearing shell and remount bearing shell cap.ATTENTION:Prior to tensioning, all belts must have mounted properly onto timing belt pulleys with a gap of 1 mm to the flanged pulleys.10.Tension timing belts by means of belt tensioners according to specification.–Belt Y and Z long on weft–laying carriage supportRefer to: >T ENSION T IMING B ELTS OF W EFT S YSTEM– W EFT–L AYING C ARRIAGE S UPPORT<–Belt Y and Z short on weft–laying carriageRefer to: >R EPLACE T IMING B ELT ON W EFT–L AYING C ARRIAGE<11.Remount cover guards.12.The belt replacement procedure is completed upon unlocking of STOP button.After replacement of timing belts, the whole weft system must be readjusted.Refer to: >Master Menu – Service General – Reference Position<Z4.6.2Replace timing belts on weft–laying carriage supportZ–axisHow to proceed:1.Move weft laying carriage in position easy to reach.2.Switch key–operated MASTER SAFEGUARD switch to OFF (stand–by).3.Remove upper cover guard on weft laying car-riage; release belt tensioner (roll with cam).4.Remove old belt.5.To mount the new belt, turn both adjusting screws to upper stop.Put–on timing belt and adjust belt tension to 115 Hz by means of belt tensioner.6.Remount cover guard.7.The belt replacement procedure is completed upon unlocking of STOP button.After replacement of timing belts, the whole weft system must be readjusted.Refer to: >Master Menu – Service General – Reference Position<YY–axisHow to proceed:1.Move weft laying carriage in position easy to reach.2.Switch key–operated MASTER SAFEGUARD switch to OFF (stand–by).3.Remove rear cover guard on weft laying carriage, release belt tensioner.4.Unclamp belt, remove old belt.5.Put new belt onto belt pulleys.6.Introduce both ends into the clamps of weft laying carriage.ATTENTION:Clamping plates must exactly match with the teeth of belt, the belt shall flush with the end of plates, and the gap to flanged pulley shall be approx. 1 mm.7.Adjust timing belt tension to 115 Hz by means of belt tensioner.ATTENTION:Upon tensioning of belt, bear in mind that the belt tensioner is tightened uniformly to preclude any slant position of timing belt pulley and, thus, skewed run of belt.8.Remount cover guard.9.The belt replacement procedure is completed upon unlocking of STOP button.After replacement of timing belts, the whole weft system must be readjusted.Refer to: >Master Menu – Service General – Reference Position<n24–4–8–zy32 / 1.1 / de。
张力仪使用手册u-507使用手册
U-507C张力仪使用手册一.张力仪组件二.目录1.重要事项 (2)2.使用说明 (4)3.工作原理 (10)4.皮带质量表 (11)5.皮带安装张力 (13)6.使用技巧 (13)7.非标皮带的张力计算 (15)8.特点 (15)9.配件 (15)10.保修期、售后服务 (16)感谢您购买盖茨张力仪，使用之前请仔细阅读使用手册·请勿撞碰，任何冲撞都会导致此产品损坏。
·请勿把水、溶剂及其它任何液体泼洒在此产品上。
·请勿把此产品放置在多灰的环境中。
·避免此产品受热，比如汽车里或者直接的光照。
·请勿使用易挥发的溶剂清洗此产品。
·请勿在有火花的地方使用，否则可能引起爆炸。
·请勿拉探头任意两端的线绳。
·请勿在有雷雨的室外使用此产品，关掉电源并寻找一个安全的地方使用，否则有可能遭雷击。
·便携式探头是管状结构，请勿将探头弯折成锐角，不要在任意两端20mm(3/4英寸)的地方和两端尖部弯曲。
使用说明：安装探头把探头上的卡槽和仪器上的凹槽连接并推紧。
如需分离，握住探头上的卡槽然后拔出。
打开电源按下电源键,LCD会出现如下：1-Mass“皮带质量”2-Width“宽度”3-Span“切线长”4-No.储存代码5-频率设定6-电池容量在光线暗的情况下，LCD背景灯会打开，若5分钟内无操作，会自动关机。
打开的屏幕上显示的是上次关机时使用的数据。
1代表皮带质量，2代表皮带宽度，3代表皮带切线长，这些数据都是同时显示的。
备注皮带参数必须要输入仪器中，以便得出皮带张力。
不管皮带的质量是多少，仪器都会显示频率值，但是会显示“错误”，如果计算的皮带张力值超出屏幕显示的值，红色灯会一直亮着。
(4)指的是当前皮带数据的储存设定号，如需更改数据或储存设定，请看皮带参数数据的储存及恢复。
(5)指的是当前频率设定，如需更改，请看第7页的频率设定。
(6)指的是电池容量，灰色的电池标志是指电池容量已满，当电池容量很低时，电池标志会出现一闪一闪的电量低的提示。
轴承计算
Amount of shock
………（4.5） Ka ＝ Kt・tanβ（Helical gear） where, Kt ：Tangential gear load (tangential force), N {kgf} Ks ：Radial gear load (separating force), N {kgf} Kr ：Right angle shaft load (resultant force of tangential force and separating force), N {kgf} Ka：Parallel load on shaft, N {kgf} H ：Transmission force , kW -1 n ：Rotational speed, min Dp：Gear pitch circle diameter, mm α：Gear pressure angle, deg β：Gear helix angle, deg Because the actual gear load also contains vibrations and shock loads as well, the theoretical load obtained by the above formula should also be adjusted by the gear factor fz as shown in Table 4.2.
K tp
Ka p Ks p
Ka g Ks g
Kt g
Fig. 4.4 Loads on bevel gears Kt
Ka Ks
δ β
D pm 2
Fig. 4.5 Bevel gear diagram
英译中翻译项目
测试声明：因英译中稿件量增多，主要是以下翻译领域，需要同更多的译员合作，故招募以下翻译领域的兼职译员：1. 测试时间：2014年2月10日— 2014年2月16日上午10点2. 可任意挑选一个或几个、一类或几类、自己擅长的翻译领域来试译；所选领域越多，翻译的机会可能也越多。
3. 试译后，对不合格的译员或水平较低的译员，因试译人数较多和时间关系，不再予以任何回复。
4. 试译后，对水平较高的译员，我会主动联系的。
5. 本试译只针对水平较高的译员，翻译公司或翻译团队请不要试译；水平较低的译员，也不要试译。
6. 因下列文段不是很难，可以说是很简单，所以，在评审时，要求的可能比较严格，所以，试译时请严格注意措辞。
希望同意上述6点的群内译员多提建议，多多转发，多多上传，多多宣扬，在此多多谢过！不同意上述6点的人员，敬请不要热嘲冷讽，不要妄言贬抑，不要猜疑臆断，可以直接屏蔽之，可以直接忽略之。
试译完可把试译稿（连同本人中文简历）发送到****************这个邮箱中。
财经测试1：Summary GM went public again in late 2010, 16 months after emerging from bankruptcy protection.HighlightsGlobal vehicle sales and production should rise in 2011, and GM's revenues should advanceabout 11%. Profit margins should benefit from the improved volume and expected reduced incentives needed due to competitors' production stoppages, partly offset by a weaker mixand higher raw material costs. Currency could be a wild card, but would likely have only amodest impact on profits.Despite an improved balance sheet, GM still faces claims on its cash for items such as unfunded pension obligations. Also, with its reduced cost structure of fewer employees, wage reductions and fewer plants and brands, we see GM poised to benefit from the expanded U.S. and global vehicle demand that we expect.Investment Rationale/RiskWe think the company's IPO will remove some of the stigma of the 2009 government bailoutand bankruptcy filing. More importantly, we believe GM has shrunk its North American production footprint and cost structure to be profitable through the next demand cycle.Risks to our recommendation and target price include higher gasoline prices, weaker than-expected demand for GM vehicles, and increased need for incentives.Future sales of stock by major shareholders also pose a risk.As of June 30, 2011, the company reported total stockholders' equity of $41.1 billion. Based on historical and peer multiples, we apply a multiple of 7.8X to our 2012 EPS forecast of $5.14 to arrive at our 12-month target price of $40, based on historical and peer P/E analysis and a weakened economic outlook.财经测试2：S&P Core EarningsStandard & Poor's Core Earnings is a uniform methodology for adjusting operating earnings by focusing on a company's after-tax earnings generated from its principal businesses. Included in the Standard & Poor's definition are employee stock option grantexpenses, pension costs, restructuring charges from ongoing operations, write-downs of depreciable or amortizable operating assets, purchased research anddevelopment, M&A related expenses and unrealized gains/losses from hedging activities. Excluded from the definition are pension gains, impairment of goodwill charges, gains or losses from asset sales, reversal of prior-year charges and provision from litigation orinsurance settlements.法律测试1：Except for the Pension Schemes and Life Assurance Scheme, the Company is not under any legal liability or other obligation to pay bonuses, pensions, gratuities, superannuation, allowances or any similar payment to any of the Employees or their dependants, nor is it a party to any arrangements or promise to make or in the habit of making ex gratia or voluntary payments on redundancies or payments by way of bonus, pension, gratuity, superannuation, allowance or similar payments to any such persons. There are no schemes or arrangements (whether legally enforceable or not) for payment of retirement, pension, disability or death benefit or similar schemes or arrangements in operation or contemplated in respect of any of the Employees or their dependants, or persons formerly employed or engaged in the Business or their dependants, under which the Company or any of the owners for the time being of the T&L Business or its Assets or any part of them may become liable to make payments or to provide equivalent benefits.The Warrantor has no knowledge of the invalidity of, or any grounds for termination, avoidance or repudiation of an agreement, arrangement or obligation entered into or applied by the Seller for the operation of the T&L Business or its Assets. So far as the Warrantor is aware, no party with whom BLG has entered into an agreement, arrangement or obligation for the purpose of, or which is used in the operation of, the Business and Assets has given notice of its intention to terminate, or has sought to repudiate or disclaim, such agreement, arrangement or obligation.法律测试2：Independent Contractor AgreementBoth parties acknowledge that Contractor is not an employee for state or federal tax, insurance, or other purposes. Contractor is solely responsible for payment of all compensation owed to Contractor's staff that Contractor assigns to Asianlingual' projects. It is understood and agreed that Contractor accepts full and exclusive liability for the payment of any and all contributions and taxes imposed by the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the Federal Social Security Act, any applicable national, state or local taxation code, any applicable national, state, or local unemployment insurance law, and any and all contributions, taxes, or penalties for unemployment insurance or old age retirement benefits, pensions, or annuities that are measured by the wages, salaries, or other remuneration paid to Contractor, now or hereafter imposed by the government of the United States or the government of any applicable nation or state.Contractor further agrees to take all reasonable precautions to prevent any unauthorized disclosure of any such Confidential Information, and agrees at least to take those precautions he or she would or does take to protect his or her own confidential information. Contractor will assure compliance with such obligations by any of their employees, former employees, affiliates,agents or independent contractors. The obligations of Contractor under this Article are to survive the termination of this Agreement, regardless of the circumstances of the termination.科技测试1：DANGER:Before attempting to clean, oil, or adjust the inclined cleaner, place motor disconnect lever in the OFF position and secure in OFF position with a hasp type padlock. The inclined cleaner should be checked and cleaned each day before startup. Bar or wire screen grills should be checked and cleaned as necessary.AdjustmentsRemove panels or covers, as necessary, to gain access to cylinders. Remove drive belts so rotating members can be turned easily by hand and check each for binding.Grid sectionsAdjust grid section to spiked cylinder to provide a clearance of 5/8 inch between grid and tip of roller spike.Drive and timing beltsBelt tension must be sufficient to overcome slippage during starting. On new belts, operate the drives a few minutes to seat belts in sheave grooves, then adjust.Observe operation of belts when starting. A slight bowing of the slack side indicates proper tension. If the slack side remains taut during startup, the belt is too tight. Excessive bowing, slippage, or squealing indicates insufficient tension.科技测试2：Engine Oil Solenoid Valve De-energized (High Pressure Setting)When the engine oil solenoid valve is de-energized the passage from the upper part of the pilot valve to the oil return passage to the oil pan is opened allowing to drain the oil acting on the upper part of the pilot valve. In this case the oil pressure is regulated to 300 – 430 kPa as follows:As long as the oil pressure is less than the pilot valve opening pressure, the pilot valve closes the passage to the upper part of the relief valve. As a result, the relief valve closes the return passage to the suction side of the trochoid-type oil pump. Thus, oil pressure increases. When oil pressure exceeds the pilot valve opening pressure, the pilot valve is pressed up, partly opening the passage to the upper part of the relief valve. When the relief valve opening pressure is exceeded by applying oil pressure to the upper part of the relief valve, the relief valve is pressed down and partly opens the return passage to the suction side of the trochoid-type oil pump. Thus, oil pressure decreases.医药测试1：BackgroundIntraarticular extension of a tumor requires a conventional extraarticular resection with en bloc removal of the entire knee, including extensor apparatus. Knee arthrodesis usually has been performed as a reconstruction. To avoid the functional loss derived from the resection of the extensor apparatus, a modified technique, saving the continuity of the extensor apparatus, hasbeen proposed, but at the expense of achieving wide margins. In tumors involving the joint cavity, the entire joint complex including the distal femur, proximal tibia, the full extensor apparatus, and the whole inviolated joint capsule must be excised. We propose a novel reconstructive technique to restore knee function after a true extrarticular resection.Description of TechniqueThe approach involves a true en bloc extraarticular resection of the whole knee, including the entire extensor apparatus. We performed the reconstruction with a femoral megaprosthesis combined with a tibial allograft-prosthetic composite with its whole extensor apparatus (quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar tendon, and proximal tibia below the anterior tuberosity). ConclusionsCombining a true knee extraarticular resection with an allograft-prosthetic composite including the whole extensor apparatus generally allows wide resection margins while providing a mobile knee with good extension in patients traditionally needing a knee arthrodesis.医药测试2：Limitations of Procedure1. If testing is to be performed by methods other than those identified in the package insert, standardization of procedures must be undertaken to assure accuracy of tests results.2. Reactions with blood cells exhibiting weakened expressions of the D antigen may show varied reactivity as compared to those obtained with other anti-D reagents.3. Some subgroups of the A antigen may not be detected by the anti-A reagent contained in the cassette.4. Due to antigen deterioration, aged red blood cells may exhibit weaker reactivity than fresh cells.5. Contaminated supplementary materials used in the procedure described may cause false-positive or false-negative results.6. Samples containing particulate matter in the serum/plasma may impede the free flow of red blood cells through the glass bead column. Clarification of these samples by centrifugation may be necessary.7. Sample red blood cell suspensions should be free of particulate matter which may impede the free flow of red blood cells through the glass bead column.8. Severely hemolyzed samples may interfere with reading reactions in the column.9. Enzyme-treated red blood cells should not be used with these reagents.10. Abnormal serum proteins in the test sample may cause red blood cells to aggregate which may be interpreted as agglutination.11. The System Centrifuge must be used to provide the required centrifugation parameters for this system. Proper calibration of the centrifuge is essential to achieve accurate test results.医药测试3：RF pain electrodes are indicated for use in radiofrequency (RF) heat lesioning of nervous tissue.Each PE electrode includes a plastic sterilization case.PE electrodes are used with disposable cannulae and require a DGP-PM grounding pad and C112-TC electrode cable for all procedures (cannulae, grounding pads, and electrode cables are sold separately).CautionDiscontinue use if erratic or sluggish temperature readings are observed, which may indicate a faulty cable connection, broken temperature sensor of the electrode, or delivery of RF power into an undesired location.For patients with cardiac pacemakers, contact the pacemaker manufacturer to determine hazards and cautions associated with the use of RF devices.If the patient has a spinal cord stimulator, contact the manufacturer of the stimulator before proceeding with RF treatment.If any physiological monitoring or electrical apparatus is to be used on the patient in addition to the radiofrequency lesion generator, the safety aspects of the combination should be examined and approved by biomedical personnel.市场类测试：The ABCXX is unparalleled in terms of map and screen quality, with the largest screen of any of the units tested, as well as the brightest. It laughs in the face of bright sunlight, but a backlight can quickly boost the brightness if you do ever need that extra oomph. More importantly, the map refreshes instantly and zooms in almost seamlessly, which is a major benefit over some of the slower GPS handhelds.It’s not a touchscreen affair, but the controls are intuitive, the menu reassuringly familiar and the simple joystick allows you to program in waymarks and plot routes in three easy clicks. You can easily load maps via SD cards, and it also comes straight out of the box talking in Ordnance Survey grid references, rather than just coordinates, so you don’t have to return to your GCSE geography textbooks to get to grips with it.Another major benefit is the variety of charging options – as well as taking standard AA batteries, the ABCXX comes with a rechargeable lithium battery and a whole heap of adaptors, meaning you can fill her up from your computer, your car or the mains.合同类测试：Warranty disclaimerAlthough this product has been manufactured under carefully controlled conditions with all reasonable care, HEMOSPHERE, INC. has no control over the conditions under which this product is used.HEMOSPHERE, INC. therefore disclaims all warranties, both express and implied, with respect to the product including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose whether arising from statute , common law, custom o r otherwise .Descriptions or specifications in HEMOSPHERE, INC. printed material, including this publication, are meant solely to generally describe the product at the time of manufacture and do not constitute any express warranties.HEMOSPHERE, INC. shall not be liable to any person or entity for any medical expenses or any direct, incidental or consequential damages based on any use, defect, failure or malfunction of the product, whether a claim for such damages is based upon warranty, contract, tort or otherwise. No person has any authority to bind HEMOSPHERE, INC. to any representation, condition, warranty or liability with respect to the product.The exclusions and limitations set out above are not intended to, and should not be construed so as to contravene mandatory provisions of applicable law. If any part or term of thiswarranty disclaimer is held to be illegal , unenforceable or in conflict with applicable law by a court of competent jurisdiction, the validity of the remaining portions of this warrant y disclaimer shall not be affected, and all rights and obligations shall be construed and enforced as if this warranty disclaimer did not contain the particular part or term held to be invalid and the invalid part or term shall be substituted by a valid part or term which best reflects HEMOSPHERE, INC.’s legitimate interest in limiting its liability or warranty.。
专业汽车英语
专业汽车英语｛维修车必懂知识｝专业英语——Engine Terms〔发动机术语〕 Engine Terms〔发动机术语〕 TDC(top dead center) ― the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. TDC (上止点) - 当活塞离曲轴最远时，曲柄和活塞的位置。
BDC (bottom dead center) ― the position of the cr ank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. BDC (下止点) - 当活塞离曲轴最近时，曲柄和活塞的位置。
stroke ― the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. 行程 - 下止点和上止点之间的距离；行程由曲轴控制。
bore ― the internal diameter of the cylinder. 缸径 - 汽缸的内径。
swept volume ― the volume between TDC and BDC. 有效容积 - 上止点和下止点之间的体积。
engine capacity ― this is the swept volume of all the cylinders, e.g. a four-cylinder engine having a capacity of two liters (2000 cm3) has a cylinder swept volume of 500 cm3. 发动机排量 - 这是全部汽缸的有效容积，例如一台排量为两公升(2000 cm3)的4个汽缸的发动机每一个汽缸的有效容积为500 cm3。
重力感应器型号ZBG的产品说明书
These heavy duty units feature a heavy cast aluminum housing with 1/4"thick aluminum cover plates and 0-ring seals. Heavy duty bearings are double-sealed and allow radial shaft loading of 40 lbs (18 Kg).A 1/2" (12.7 mm) NPT Conduit entry permits signal wiring to be run via flex-conduit to an internal terminal block. Electrical characteristics are identical tothose for the Model ZBG. Terminal board markings correspond to the Pin-Outidentification of the ZBG.● CURRENT SINK OUTPUTS● HIGH PULSE PER REVOLUTION (PPR) RATESUp to 1200 PPR for fine, high-resolution counting or precision speedmeasurement from slow shaft speeds.● QUADRATURE OUTPUTFor position measurement, bi-directional counting and in systems withbacklash counting requirements.● AVAILABLE WITH MS AND M12 CONNECTORS MODELS ZBG AND ZBH STANDARD DUTY ENCODER (Replaces MODEL RPGB) MODEL ZHG HEAVY DUTY ENCODER (Replaces MODEL RPGH)The units contain an L.E.D. light source and a photo sensor that scans a shaft-mounted, slotted disc. An internal pulse-shaping amplifier circuit delivers arectangular pulse signal from the current sinking output in response to the passingslots as it rotates. They can be direct-coupled to a machine shaft by means of aflexible-bellows, spring, or rubber sleeve type coupling that allows for axial andradial misalignment. They can also be coupled with light instrument timing-belts.Timing-belt drives also allow convenient gear-up or gear-down speed ratiochanges that can be useful for obtaining non-standard PPR rates.MODEL ZHG - HEAVY-DUTY SEALED HOUSING(Replaces Model RPGH)MODEL ZBG and ZBH - FOR GENERALINDUSTRIAL SERVICE (Replaces Model RPGB)SPECIFICATIONSELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS1. SUPPLY VOLTAGE :+4.75to+*******************°Cto85°C +4.75to+*******************°Cto100°C 2. OUTPUT : Current SinkingZBG and ZHG (Single Channel): 250 mA max.ZBH (Quadrature): 250 mA max. current per output. Incremental - two square waves in quadrature with Channel A leading Channel B for clockwise rotation. (Quad. Phase relationship is 90° ±22.5 electrical degrees)Note: NPN Transistor outputs have 1.5 K Ω load resistors returned to supply for internal feed back purposes. This does not interfere with the ability to use these outputs as conventional “Open-Collector” outputs as long as the supply voltage for the ZB is supplied by the indicator or control receiving its output signal. The ZB’s internal load resistor also allows the output to be used as a current source, however, load current must be limited to 1 mA max.3. MAXIMUM FREQUENCY :Single Channel : 20 KHz Quadrature : 20 KHzPPR available up to 1270 for both single channel and quadrature.MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS1. MAXIMUM SHAFT SPEED : 6000 RPM2. SHAFT DIAMETER : 0.375" (9.5 mm)3. RADIAL SHAFT LOAD : 40 lbs. operating (18 kg)4. AXIAL SHAFT LOAD : 30 lbs operating (13.6 kg)5. STARTING TORQUE :ZBG & ZBH : 0.38 oz-in (2.68 N-mm)ZHG : 3 oz-in (21.18 N-mm)6. MOMENT OF INERTIA : 6.5 x 10-6 oz-in-sec 27. CONNECTIONS : 6-pin MS style or 8-Pin M12 connector. (Male) Mating connector and cable assembly sold separately. For wiring cofiguration, see Cable Connections. For Ordering Information, see Accessories.8. HOUSING : Black non-corrosive finished 6063-T6 aluminum.9. BEARINGS : ABEC3 double sealed ball bearings 10. WEIGHT :ZBG & ZBH : 10 oz (283.5 g)ZHG : 3.8 lbs (1.72 Kg)ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS1. OPERATING TEMPERATURE : 0° to 100°C (See supply voltage)2. STORAGE TEMPERATURE : -25°C to +85°C 3. HUMIDITY : 98% RH non-condensing 4. VIBRATION : 10 g @ 58 to 500 Hz 5. SHOCK : 50 g @ 11 msec durationORDERING INFORMATIONNote: Only factory stocked part numbers are listed. Consult factory for part number and availability of other PPR and output configurations.Cable ConnectionsThe tables below list the pin connections from the ZBG and ZHG single channel and ZBH quadrature encoder to the optional CCARPG or CCM cable.ACCESSORIESDo not dispose of unit in trash - RecycleThe tubular arm length of this bracket, related to the wheel axis center-line of the encoder is 6.8" similar to the length sensors. The 10´ long, 4-wire, shielded cable with 6-pin MS connector (included with conversion bracket) has the same color coding as described for the encoder cable P/N CCARPG01. Screws for mounting the conversion bracket are included.ORDERING INFORMATIONMODEL NO.DESCRIPTIONPART NUMBERLSCBLength Sensor Conversion Bracket, w/10' CableLSCB1000Length Sensor Conversion Bracket, w/25' Cable LSCB1025Length Sensor Conversion Bracket, w/50' CableLSCB1050--Hinge Clamp Assembly for Length Sensors & Conversion Bracket (Above)LSAHC001LENGTH SENSOR MEASUREMENT ACCURACYFactors which affect measurement accuracy include Measuring Wheel accuracy and wear, and material conditions. Ideally, materials which are hard, thin and strong provide good readings, conversely, soft, thick and elastic materials can present problems in obtaining true readings. The great majority of these situations, where this effect is consistant, can be compensated for by applying a multiplier to the quadrature output pulse train so as to obtain a corrected measurement. Counter or Rate Indicators with “input scaling” can compensate for Measuring Wheel wear and material elastic and compliance errors. In addition, English/Metric conversions may also be accomplished (See RLC catalog for more information).When the desired output of a length sensor and wheel combination is either in feet or inch units, selection of the proper combination is relatively straight forward. For example, with a 1-foot wheel circumference, a 1 PPR Rotary Pulse Generator will deliver 1 pulse/ft, 12 PPR would deliver 12 pulses/ft (1 pulse/inch); 100 PPR would yield 100 pulses/ft; and 120 PPR would permit measuring to 1/10th of an inch (1/120th of a foot).SELECTING APPROPRIATE WHEEL SIZE & PPR (Pulses Per Rev.) OF ROTARY PULSE GENERATORLENGTH SENSOR ACCESSORIESSEPARATE LENGTH MEASURING WHEELS - DIMENSIONS In Inches (mm)Note: After installation of measuring wheels, ensure guards,shields or otherdevices are in place to protect personnel from rotating equipment.WHEELS & REPLACEMENT TIRES FOR CODE OR WHEELSRed Lion Controls Headquarters20 Willow Springs Circle York PA 17406Tel +1 (717) 767-6511Fax +1 (717) 764-0839Red Lion ControlsChinaUnit 302, XinAn PlazaBuilding 13, No.99 Tianzhou RoadShangHai, P .R. China 200223Tel +86 21 6113 3688Fax +86 21 6113 3683Red Lion ControlsEurope Softwareweg 9NL - 3821 BN Amersfoort Tel +31 (0) 334 723 225Fax +31 (0) 334 893 793Red Lion ControlsIndia201-B, 2nd Floor , Park Centra Opp 32 Mile Stone, Sector-30Gurgaon-122002 Haryana, IndiaTel +91 984 487 0503。
机械专业英语
机械专业英语Unit1(1-8)GD&T(Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) 几何精度设计MMC(Maximum Material Condition ) 最大实体条件LMC(Least Material Condition) 最小实体条件RFS(Regardless of Feature size) 独立原则the rule of thumb 经验方法title block 工程图明细表（标题栏）interference fit 过盈配合bilateral tolerance 双向公差unilateral tolerance 单向公差allowance 配合公差deflection 偏差、绕度ASME（American Society of Mechanical Engineers）美国机械工程协会IOS(International Origanization For Standardization ) 国际标准化组织Unit2(1-21)statics静力学 stationary systems 静态系统dynamics动力学 gear齿轮shaft轴 meshing teeth齿合传动connecting rod 连杆 remain at rest静止bearing轴承 sleeve bearing套筒轴承lever杠杆 pulley滚轮，滑轮，滚筒cam凸轮 follower传动件intensity强度 oil film油膜matter物质 mass质量volume体积 a unit volume单位体积density密度 inertia惯性weight重量 plastic塑性elastic弹性 elastic-body弹性物质particle粒子（质点） applied forces应力rigid刚体 rigid body刚体物质Newton’s Laws牛顿定律 vector矢量uniform velocity匀速 acceleration加速度moments力矩 couple力偶，力矩constraint forces约束力 free-body自由体kinematic pairs运动副 diagram图表SI unit（standard international unit）标准国际单位制Unit 3(1-9)RFS: Regardless of Feature Size 独立原则CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAD; Computer -Aided Design 计算机辅助设计CNC: Computer Numerical Control 电脑数值控制DNC: Distributed Numerical Control 分布式数值控制straight lever 直杆 case 情况、例子fulcrum 支点 effort 作用力、力applied at b 作用在b点 load 载荷lever 杠杆 in equilibrium 处于平衡态applied effort 作用力 product 乘积force -amplifying ability 力放大的能力 plier 镊子、钳子movement 运动 scissor 剪刀、（v）删去wheelbarrow 手推车 operate 运转、操作、起作用handle 手柄 function （n)功能、函数motion -multiplying 运动放大 device 装置foot treadle 脚踏板 treadle 踏板（v）开动axle 轴、车轴、轮轴 basically 基本上leverage principle 杠杆原理 radius 半径cord 绳索 wrap 缠绕、包the wheel and axle 差动滑轮 spoked wheel 辐轮screwdriver 螺丝刀 screw 螺丝钉、螺丝wheel 车轮 groove 槽、凹槽pulley 滑轮、皮带轮 bearing 轴承mechanical advantage 机械效率 bearing block 轴承座， singly 逐一地、个别地、各自地magnitude 大小 block and tackle 滑轮组tension 拉力、张力 shaft 轴Unit4(1-9)mechanism 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧 link 连杆pivot 枢轴 flexible 柔性belt 带 rope 绳cable 揽 chain 链cams 凸轮 gear 齿轮friction wheel 摩擦轮 rigid connecting link 刚性连杆coupler耦合器；联结器 ratio 比例direct -contact 直接接触 oscillate 摆动deterioration 磨损 pure rolling 纯滚动cylinder 圆柱体 common normal 公法线load 载荷 positive drive 主动驱动profile 轮廓 conjugate profile 共轭轮廓involute 渐开线 gear teeth 齿轮轮齿base circle 基圆 contact curve 啮合曲线conjugate action 共轭运动 pitch circle 节圆equally spaced 等间距periphery 外围ellipse 椭圆形 truncate 截断Unit5(1-8)drag-link mechanism 双曲柄机构crank-rocker mechanism曲柄摇杆机构double-rocker mechanism双摇杆机构angular momentum 角动量linkage 连杆 pin connection 铰式连接joint 运动副 degrees of freedom 自由度rigid frame 刚性支撑（构架） constrained motion 运动约束mechanism 机构 drag-link mechanism 双曲柄机构crank 摇杆 quick-return 急回运动follower 从动件 dead position 死点graphic method 绘图法 analogue 模拟量extreme position 极限位置 torque 力矩self-lock clamp 自锁夹具 piston 活塞steam engine 发动机（蒸汽） curve 曲线rod 连杆 slot 槽stop 止动销 strap 带cylinder 汽缸 wrist pin 肘节销throw of crank 冲程 pump 汞Unit 6(全)flywheel惯性飞轮 rotating shaft 旋转轴moderating 减速的 force 力，强制，强作fluctuations 波动 brakes 刹车，制动系统measure 测量 moment of inertia 惯性矩，转动惯量property 属性，特性，性能 the axis of rotation 旋转轴multiple 乘 particle 微粒，粒子，质点inertia 惯性，惯量 handbook 手册，指南integral 整体，积分 calculus 微积分rim 边缘，框 a central hub 一个中心枢纽spokes 辐条，轮辐 a circular plate 一个圆形的板torque 扭转力，力矩 turning force 回转力，转动力clockwise torque 顺时针力矩 angular 角度velocity 速度，速率 inertia 惯性，惯矩reciprocating engine 往复式发动机 revolution 旋转，公转gas pressure 气压，气体压力，气体压强 cylinders 圆筒，气缸，液压油缸the connecting rod 连接杆 crankshaft 曲轴，机轴，曲柄轴crank 曲柄 rotating mechine 旋转机械torque variations 扭矩变化 a puch press 冲床sheet metal 金属片，薄板 constant-stress disk 恒定应力盘idling 空转，空档，空载 the driving motor 驱动点机downstroke 下行冲程 a spinning flywheel 一个旋转的飞轮in diameter 直径 a hydraulic system 液压系统on the trolleybuses 在无轨电车 the power lines 电源线a plain disk 一个简单的磁盘 tapered 锥形的Unit7(1-15)pitch diameters of the driving 驱动节圆直径given deflection per inch of span 给定每英寸偏转的跨度driving sheave diameter 驱动滑轮直径hypothetical development friction drives 摩擦传动small precision journal bearings 低精度径向轴承cyclical linear or angularmotion 周期性的线性或角运动multi-spindle automatic screw machines 多轴自动螺纹车床valve and injector actuation 阀和喷油器驱动friction phenomena in bearings 轴承的摩擦现象perpendicular and nonintersecting 垂直相交inclined at any arbitrary angle 在任意倾斜角度plain bearings普通轴承，滑动轴承 sliding support 滑动架timing belts 同步皮带 initial tension 初始拉伸bending moment 弯曲力矩 motor shaft 电机轴roller chain 滚子链 inverted tooth (silent) chain 倒齿链attachment points 附件点 oscillating motion 摆动运动tool slides 刀架 die design 模具设计efficient mechanisms 有效机制 indexing devices 索引设备roller chain link plates 滚子链链板 contoured periphery 波状外围轮廓线internal combustion engines 内燃 belt drive 皮带传动(gaseous lubricant气体润滑剂 partial bearing局部承压thrust bearings推力轴承 self-lubrication自润滑adjacent lubricant layers相邻的润滑剂层 metal-to-metal金属对金属间gear terminology 齿轮的术语 spur gear直齿轮，圆柱齿轮pitch circle 节圆 imaginary circle 虚圆friction rollers摩擦辊 pitch diameter节圆直径pitch radius节圆半径 pitch point节点addendum circle 齿顶圆 dedendum circle齿根圆radial distance径向距离 circular pitch齿距the circular pitches圆周齿节 meshing gears啮合齿轮diameter pitch直径节距 tooth space 齿间隙face width齿面宽 face 齿面flank 齿侧 pressure angle压力角line of action啮合线 pinion小齿轮backlash 齿隙 clearance 间隙working depth工作齿高 base circle基圆tooth thickness齿厚 fillet圆角module模块，组件 diametric point pitch 正相反的点距sheave n. 带轮 centroid n. 质心，重心span n. 中心距 sprocket n. 链轮journal n. 轴颈，杂 guide bearing 导向轴承 _)Unit8 (1-7)heat treatment 热处理 physical property 物理特性procedure 工序 soften 变软cutting 切削 toughness 韧性hardening 硬化，淬火 tempering 回火annealing 退火 quench 淬火case hardening 表面硬化（渗碳） operation 工艺warp 翘曲，扭曲 tensile strength 拉伸强度ductility 延展性 brine 盐水nitrogen 氮 ammonia 氨（水）martensite 马氏体 austenite 奥氏体ferrite 铁素体 pearlite 珠光体precipitation 沉淀 agglomeration 结块ductile 柔软的 carbide 碳化物aggregate 使聚集 nitride 渗氮carbon steels 碳钢 eutectoid 共晶体fineness 晶粒细化 cold-working 冷加工spheroidize 球化（处理） hypoeutectoid 亚共析（的）Hypereutectoid 过共析体 Cementite 渗碳体（n.）carbonitriding 碳氮共渗 carburize 渗碳（vt.）carbonaceous 含碳的 decarburize 脱碳Unit9(1-5)property 性能 serviceability 适用性conceptual 方案设计 functional 功能设计production design过程设计 liability action 责任诉讼prototype 样机 specimen 样本working model 实物模型 hardness 硬度value of yield strength屈服强度 ultimate strength 极限强度percentage elongation 延伸率 tension test 拉伸试验ductility 延展性 fracture 断裂brittle 脆性 ductile 柔性cross section 横截面 cold-work冷加工plastic deformation 塑性变形 guage length 标距pyramid 锥体 indentation 压痕biaxial 二维 triaxial三维unit10(1-14)CNC computer numerital control lathe 计算机数控车床lathe车床 machine机床machined surface加工表面 turret刀架，六角刀架turret lathe六角车床 horizontal bed水平工作台headstock床头箱 carriage托板，刀架faceplace花盘 chuck卡盘collet夹头 main spindle主轴electric motor电机 cutting tool刀具cross slide横刀架 modem turret lathe调制解调器转塔车床contour轮廓 cylindrical surface圆柱形表面cylindrical turning外圆车削 feed-motion进给运动displacement位移 stroke行程one cut一次走刀 high feed（roughing cut）粗加工low feed(finish cut)精加工 horizontal-spindle lathe水平主轴车床work-holding device工件夹紧装置 vertical-boring machine立式镗床horizontal borer卧式镗床 planing machine刨床base基座 transient surface过渡表面rack-and-pinion齿条与齿轮，齿轮齿条副 single-point tool单点刀具turning车削 facing端面车削boring镗削 radial T slot径向T型槽Unit 11(最后两段不用)Boring. 镗孔，镗削 taper锥形，锥度，逐渐变细，逐渐减少taper turning 锥形车削 bowling pin. 保龄球棒feed 供给，进给，走刀 shaped 成形的，仿形的radial. 径向的，（沿）半径的 radius半径 facing端面车削，刮削planing刨削，刨工 shaper. 牛头刨床shaping牛头刨削 grinding machine 磨床reaming 铰孔，扩孔，清除毛边 tapping 攻丝counterboring 镗孔 hobbing 滚铣，滚齿hack sawing 弓锯 broaching 拉削honing 搪磨 lapping 研磨，抛光superfinishing. 超精加工 buffing 擦光，磨光variant 变量 planer 龙门刨床drilling machine 钻床，钻机 milling machine 铣削机，铣床coolant冷却剂，冷却液 phonograph 留音机，电唱机tone arm. 唱臂，拾音器臂 reevaluation. 重新评价feedback. 反馈，成果 recycle 再循环，回收，重复利用dictate 规定，限定，确定指挥 serviceability 使用能力liability 责任，义务，赔偿责任 foot-powered 脚踏动力machine tools 机床 metal cutting. 金属切削wedge-shaped tool. 锲形工具 workpiece工件severely deformed chip 严重畸形的芯片rigidly supports 刚性支撑thickness. 厚度 operation 路径，工序geometry 部分 axis. 旋转轴turning 车削 hollow tube. 空心管uniformly varying diameter 直径均匀变化rigid 刚性 contour formed 仿形车削strationry. 固定不动 reciprocation. 往复运动relative motion 相对运动 specified. 规定geometrical. 几何 precise. 精确的ductile material 塑性材料 grinding 磨削reaming. 铰刀 fundamentaly. 基本法则Unit12(1-6)computer-aided design CAD 电脑辅助设计Initial Graphics Exchange Specification 初始图形交换规范（IGES）Product Data Exchange Specification (PDES) 产品数据交换规范mechanism 机制原理 thermal properties 热力性质dynamics 力学 geometry 几何学material properties 材料属性 manufactured 制造加工tolerances 界值容差 parameters 参数mainframes 大型主机 vibrations 振动manufacturing 制造业 horsepower 马力criteria 标准 kinematics n.(纯)运动学，(纯)运动论psi=pounds per square inch 磅/英寸 stand-alone a.(电脑外围)可独立应用的delve.穴，坑，凹地 off-the-shelf a. 成品的Unit 13(1-8)assembly 装配 scrap 废料cutting parameters 切削参数 group 存储routings 衔接 gauges 标准尺寸fixtures 大夹具 jigs 小夹具CIM 计算机集成制造 convert 转化generative approach 创生法 variant approach 派生法coding 编码 graphical图形gear tooth 直齿 timelag 滞后chamfer 倒角 slot 槽casting 铸件 payback period 回收期reinforcement 加强件 algorithms 运算法则near-net-shape 接近 sponsorship 发起Unit 14(1-9)CAM computer-aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAD computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计DNC direct numerical control 直接数控CNC computer numerical control 计算机数控Turning 车削 milling 铣削drilling钻削 punching冲孔clamp夹具 fixture 夹具prototype 样机 mockup 模型NC numerical control 数控 Cutting fluid 切削液magnetic tape 磁带盒 cassette 盘floppy 软磁碟 hard disk硬盘contour 零件 die sinking 开模bug-free 无故障的 sampling rate 采样率 resolution 分辨率open-loop 开环 closed-loop闭环transducers变送器 sensors 传感器counters 计数器 coordinates 协调器point-to-point点对点 contouring 轮廓leadscrews 丝杆 backlash 背隙lathes车床 milling machines铣床grinders 磨床 welding machinery 焊接机床Unit 15(1-12)continuum n.连续统一体，闭联集 labor cost 工资费用，劳动成本marketplace n.市场 stand-alone adj. 独立的low-volume 小容量的小量的 bug 缺陷错误high-volume 大量运用的，大量生产的 outset 开端开始troubleshooter 故障诊断，检修员 labor-intensive 劳动密集型void 空白空间空隙 lead time 交付周期产品设计至实际投产的时间间隔(括号里的是课文段落翻译比较可能考的)P24第三段P19第五段注意一下。
无梁长冲程抽油机设计
本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩摘要无梁长冲程抽油机是一种大载荷、长冲程、低冲次及自动化程度高、方便节能的抽油机。
因此，研究它对于提高采油效率，降低采油成本有相当重要的作用。
本次设计采用双电机轮流工作，从而控制抽油杆的上升和下降。
所选用的两个电磁调速电机之间用同步齿形带连接。
由于电机空载启动，其启动电流较小，减小了电机对电网的冲击，抗电网电流波动能力增强，功率因数提高。
电机输出的功率通过V带轮传递给减速器，并且通过减速器对电机输出功率进行调整，然后通过链轮链条传递给抽油杆，最终把电机的旋转运动转化为抽油杆的上升和下降运动。
因此，本次设计的主要内容有换向装置方案的选取，电磁调速电机的选取，以及同步齿形带和减速器的设计：其主要包括V带设计、齿轮设计和轴的设计。
并且通过以上设计达到最终提高采油效率，降低采油成本的目的。
所以，本次设计的无梁长冲程抽油机是目前较为理想的机电一体化产品。
关键字：无梁长冲程抽油机；电磁调速电机；同步齿形带；减速器；机电一体化I本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩ABSTRACTThe beamless long stroke pumping unit is a big load, long stroke a nd low times and high degree of automation, energy-saving convenience of the pumping unit. Therefore, the study has helped to raise production efficiency, lower production costs are an important role.This case is that two motors work alter natively. Then,they can control rod up and down. Selected two electromagnetic speed synchronous motors with toothed belts connected. As empty motor launch, starting current smaller, reducing the electrical power grid for the impact Anti - Electricity grid fluctuations capacity and improve power factor. Exports of electrical power through the V-pulley transmission to the reducer, and by the motor reducer output adjustment then transmitted to the sprocket chain rod and eventually motor rotating rod into the rise and fall c ampaign. Therefore, the current design of the main contents of the program for device selection, speed electromagnetic motor selection, and the synchronous belt and gear reducer design : its main V-belt design, the design and gear shaft design and calculation. Through the above, design and enhance the ultimate recovery efficiency and lower production cost. Therefore, the current design of the beam without long stroke pumping unit is the ideal integration of mechatronic products.Keywords:beamless long-stroke pumping unit; solenoid operated speed regulating motor; timing belt; Reducer; Mechatronic.II本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)1.绪论 ····························································································· - 1 - 1.1无梁长冲程抽油机设计的背景及目的 ······································ - 1 - 1.2无梁长冲程抽油机设计的必要性 ············································· - 2 - 1.3无梁长冲程抽油机国内外现状和发展趋势 ······························· - 3 -1.4无梁长冲程抽油机的特点························································ - 4 -2.总体设计 ····················································································· - 5 - 2.1方案优选 ················································································ - 5 - 2.2换向装置方案的选取 ······························································ - 5 -2.2.1无梁长冲程抽油机的换向方式的分类 ······························· - 5 -2.2.2在选取方案时主要考虑的问题·········································· - 6 -2.2.3换向方案·········································································· - 7 - 2.3总体方案设计········································································· - 9 -2.3.1总体方案·········································································· - 9 -2.3.2抽油机的工作原理（控制路线） ·····································- 11 -3.结构设计 ····················································································- 12 - 3.1电磁调速电动机 ····································································- 12 -3.1.1概论················································································- 12 -3.1.2电磁转差离合器的结构 ···················································- 12 -3.1.3电磁转差离合器的工作原理 ············································- 13 -3.1.4电磁调速电动机的机械特性 ············································- 14 -3.1.5传递效率·········································································- 17 - 3.2电机的选择 ···········································································- 18 - 3.3传动比分配 ···········································································- 20 - 3.4同步齿带设计········································································- 20 - 3.5计算传动轴的运动和动力参数 ···············································- 24 -III本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩3.6V带设计·················································································- 25 - 3.7齿轮设计 ···············································································- 28 - 3.8轴的设计计算········································································- 33 -3.9链传动选择 ···········································································- 38 -4.结论 ···························································································- 39 - 谢辞 ·····························································································- 40 - 参考文献························································································- 41 -IV本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩1.绪论1.1无梁长冲程抽油机设计的背景及目的抽油机是构成“三抽”（抽油机、抽油杆、抽油泵）设备体系的重要组成部分。
汽车配件说明手册说明书
CONTINUEDAccessories.................................Installation .105...............Accessory Power Socket .70ACCESSORY (Ignition Key.......................................Position).53....................Additives,Engine Oil .130...............................Airbag (SRS).9,18..............................Air Conditioning .74.......................Air Pressure,Tires .146.............................Alarm,Anti-theft .53......................................Antifreeze .132Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)....................Indicator Light .41,118...................................Operation .117.Anti-theft Steering Column Lock .53............................Anti-theft System .94......................................Audio Panel .71..................................Audio System .78...............Automatic Speed Control .95............................Capacities Chart .180.............Carbon Monoxide Hazard .34........................Cargo,.107..............CAUTION,Explanation of .ii ...........................................CD Care .85........................CD Error Messages .86.....................................CD Changer .84.......CD Changer Error Messages .87.........................................CD Player .83........................Certification Label .178...................................Chains,.150Changing Oil........................................How to .130......................................When to .121....................Changing a Flat Tire .155...Charging System Indicator .40,166............Checklist,Before Driving .112........Back-up Light Replacement .141BatteryCharging System...........................Indicator .40,166............................Jump Starting .162..............................Maintenance .151............................Specifications .181................................Before Driving .99....................................Belts,Seat . 8 ,15.............................Beverage Holder .70..................................Booster Seats .31............................................Brakes .116...........Anti-lock System (ABS).117.............Break-in,New Linings .100...........................................Fluid .136.........................................Parking .67.................System Indicator .40,168..............Wear Indicators,Disc .117.............................Braking System .116.................Break-in,New Vehicle .100..Brightness Control,Instruments .49........................Brights,Headlights .48.........................Bulb Replacement .137..........................Back-up Lights .141.................................Headlights .137...........Side Turn Signal Lights .139............................Specifications .181............Turn Signal Lights .139,141..............................Bulbs, Halogen . 137how to carry tires IndexBACI..............................Economy,Fuel .104............Emergencies on the Road .153.............Battery,Jump Starting .162................Changing a Flat Tire .155.....Charging System Indicator .166..................Checking the Fuses .170.........Hazard Warning Flashers .49.....Low Oil Pressure Indicator .166...Malfunction Indicator Lamp .167..................Overheated Engine .163...........................Emergency Brake .67......................Emergency Flashers .49............Emergency Trunk Opener .55.......................Emissions Controls .185.....................................Child Safety .22..............................Booster Seats .31...................................Child Seats .26.....Important Safety Reminders rger Children .30......................Risk With Airbags .23.............................Small Children .26.......................................Child Seats .26Cleaning.................................Floor Mats .143...................................Seat Belts .143...................................Clutch Fluid .136........................CO in the Exhaust pact .154.............Controls,Instruments and .70..............................Convertible Top .61...............Convertible Top Cover .63..Lowering the Convertible Top .61................................Maintenance .65.....Raising the Convertible Top .64Coolant........................................Adding .132....................................Checking .103.........................Proper Solution .132...................Temperature Gauge .45Crankcase Emission Control........................................System .185..............Cruise Control Operation .95................Cruise Control Indicator .42......................................Cup Holder .70Customer Relationsrmation .192................DANGER,Explanation of .ii .......................................Dashboard .38................Daytime Running Lights .48Daytime Running Lights.......................................Indicator .42.................................Dead Battery .162............Defects,Reporting Safety .194................Defrosting the Windows .77....................................Dimensions .180...............Dimming the Headlights .48Dipstick..................................Engine Oil .103..........................Directional Signals .48........Disc Brake Wear Indicators .117.....................Disposal of Used Oil .132...................Do Not Tow a Trailer .118Doors..............Locking and Unlocking .54..............................Monitor Light .41......................Power Door Locks .54..........DOT Tire Quality Grading .182Downshifting,6-speed Manual.............................Transmission .114...........................................Driving .111....................................Economy .104spare tire IndexDEIICONTINUED.............Halogen Headlight Bulbs .137..............Hazard Warning Flashers .49Headlights............Daytime Running Lights .48..................High Beam Indicator .42...........................Reminder Tone .48........Replacing Halogen Bulbs .137...................................Turning on .48.........Heating and Cooling System .74.................High-Low Beam Switch .48................High Speed,Shifting at .115.............Emissions Testing,State .188Engine.......................................Coolant .132....Coolant Temperature Gauge .45Malfunction Indicatormp .41,167........Oil Pressure Indicator .40,166..............Oil,What Kind to Use .129...............................Overheating .163............................Specifications .180............................Speed Limiter .115.......................................Starting .113...................Engine,.160......................Ethanol in Gasoline .100...Evaporative Emission Controls .185...............................Exhaust Fumes .34Expectant Mothers,Use of Seat........................................Belts by .14.....................................Fan,Interior .75Features,Comfort and................................Convenience .73....................Filling the Fuel Tank .101Filters...............................................Oil .130.............Flashers,Hazard Warning .49...................Flat Tire,Changing a .155Fluids..........................................Brake .136.........................................Clutch .136..............Manual Transmission .134..................Windshield Washer .134..........FM Stereo Radio Reception .81..........................Four-way Flashers .49.................................................Fuel .100......................Fill Door and Cap .101...........................................Gauge .45................Octane Requirement .100........................Reserve Indicator .42........................Tank,Filling the .101..............Fuel Mileage,Improving .104..............Fuel Station Procedures .101.....................Fuses,Checking the .170.........................................Gasoline .100...............Fuel Reserve Indicator .42...........................................Gauge .45................Octane Requirement .100........................Tank,Filling the .101.............................................Gauges .44...Engine Coolant Temperature .45...............................................Fuel .45...............................Speedometer .44.................................Tachometer .44Gearshift Lever Positions 6-speed Manual.........................Transmission .114if it won’t start IndexFGHIII.................................... Hood Latch.135.......................Hood,Opening the.102...........................Hydraulic Clutch.136................Jacking Up the Vehicle.156.......................................Jack,Tire.155................................Jump Starting.162..................................................Keys.51......................... Label,Certification.78................. Lane Change,Signaling.48..................Lap/Shoulder Belts.12,15 Lights.................... Bulb Replacement.137....................................... Indicator.40.................................. Turn Signal.48..................................... Load Limit.108............................... Loading Cargo.107...... LOCK(Ignition Key Position).53 Locks....... Anti-theft Steering Column.53............................ Fuel Fill Door.101................................. Power Door.54 ........................................... Trunk.54........................ Low Coolant Level.103... Lower Gear,Downshifting to a.114......................... Low Fuel Indicator.42...Low Oil Pressure Indicator.40,166... Lubricant Specifications Chart.180............... Luggage,.107Identification Number,....................................... Vehicle.178 Ignition.............................................. Keys.51 ........................................... Switch.53............ Timing Control System.186 Indicator Lights,Instrument.........................................Panel.40.............. ABS(Anti-Lock Brake).41 Brake(Parking and Brake....................................System).40........................ Charging System.40............................. Cruise Control.42.................................... Door-open.41 DRL(Daytime Running......................................Lights).42 EPS(Electrical Power..................................Steering).41................................... High Beam.42........ Key(Immobilizer System).42......................................Low Fuel.42........................Low Oil Pressure.40...............Maintenance Required.43.......................................Seat Belt.40...............................................SRS.41..................................Trunk-open.41Turn Signal and Hazard...................................Warning.42...................Inflation,Proper Tire.146...................................Inside Mirror.66.............................Inspection,Tire.147............................Instrument Panel.39........Instrument Panel Brightness.49.................................Interior Lights.68........................................Introduction.istoring(cargo)IndexIJK LIVCONTINUED..............Panel Brightness Control .49.................................Parking Brake .67.................................Parking Lights .48.............................PGM-FI System .186Power..................................Door Locks .54..............Engine,Specifications .180.........................................Mirrors .66......................................Windows .59..........................Power Door Locks .54..................Power Socket Location .70..............................Power Windows .59.........Pregnancy,Using Seat Belts .14.........Protecting Adults and Teens .10...Additional Safety Precautions .15.....Advice for Pregnant Women .14........................Protecting Children .22.....................General Guidelines .22.......Protecting Larger Children .30.........Protecting Small Children .26..................................Maintenance .119Owner’s Maintenance...................................Checks .122........................................Record .125....................................Schedule .121..Maintenance Required Indicator .43.Malfunction Indicator Lamp .41,167...................Manual Transmission .114........Manual Transmission Fluid .134...............................Meters,Gauges .44..........................Mirrors,Adjusting .66...............Modifying Your Vehicle .106..................New Vehicle Break-in .100.....................Normal Shift Speeds .115..................NOTICE,Explanation of .ii ...............Numbers,Identification .178...Octane Requirement,Gasoline .100.........................................Odometer .44...............................Odometer,Trip .44Oil........................Change,How to .130......................Change,When to .121......................Checking Engine .103..............Pressure Indicator .40,166Selecting Proper Viscosity......................................Chart .130...........ON (Ignition Key Position).53.........................Opening the Trunk .54..............................Outside Mirrors .66....................Overheating,Engine .163...................Radiator Overheating .163.......................Radio Sound System .78...................Readiness Codes .167,188..Rear Lights,Bulb Replacement .141............................Rear View Mirror .66................Reclining the Seat-backs .58.......Recommended Shift Speeds .115Recovery Vehicle,Emergency.......................................Towing .176.............................Reminder Lights .40.......................Remote Transmitter .56IndexMNOPRVReplacement Information................ Engine Oil and Filter.130 .......................................... Fuses.170................................ Light Bulbs.137.................................... Schedule.121 ........................................... Tires.148............................. Wiper Blades.144 Replacing Seat Belts After a............................................ Crash.17............................... Restraint,Child.22................................ Rotation,Tire.148........................................ Safety Belts.8............ Safety Defects,Reporting.194............. Safety Labels,Location of.35............................... Safety Messages.ii.................................. Satellite Radio.88........................................... Seat Belts.8............... Additional Information.15..... Advice for Pregnant Women.14..................................... Cleaning.143...................... Lap/Shoulder Belt.16................................ Maintenance.17...... Reminder Light and Beeper.40...................System Components.15...............Use During Pregnancy.14........................Seats,Adjusting the.58...............................Serial Number.178...........................Service Intervals.121.............................Service Manual.195.........Service Station Procedures.101ShiftingThe6-speed Manual.........................Transmission.114Side Turn Signal,Bulb.........................Replacement in.140...............................Signaling Turns.486-speed Manual Transmission...............Checking Fluid Level.134................................Shifting the.114.....................................Snow Tires.149..................................Sound System.78Spare Tire......................................Inflating.154............................Specifications.181....................Specifications Charts.180..................................Speed Control.95...................................Speedometer.44..........SRS,Additional Information.18...Additional Safety Precautions.21....................Airbag Components.18.............................Airbag Service.21How the SRS Indicator.......................................Works.20...........How Your Airbags Work.18..................SRS Indicator Light.20,41.......................Starting the Engine.113................With a Dead Battery.162..............State Emissions Testing.188........Steam Coming from Engine.163Steering Wheel.............Anti-theft Column Lock.53.....................Stereo Sound System.78....................Storing Your Vehicle.152................................Stuck Vehicle.174Supplemental Restraint System......................................Servicing.21.........................SRS Indicator.20,41...............Tensioners,Seat Belts.16.....................................Tachometer.44......Taillights,Changing Bulbs in.141.Taking Care of the Unexpected.153IndexSTVICONTINUEDTechnical Descriptions......DOT Tire Quality Grading .182.....Emissions Control Systems .185Three Way Catalytic...............................Converter .187.......................Temperature Gauge .45...................Tensioners,Seat Belts .16..Three Way Catalytic Converter .187....................................Tire Chains .150.........Tire,How to Change a Flat .155.................................Tire Labeling .184...............................................Tires .145..............................Air Pressure .146...................................Balancing .148.........................Checking Wear pact Spare Tire .154......DOT Tire Quality Grading .182......................................Inflation .146..................................Inspection .147...................................Replacing .148......................................Rotating .148...........................................Snow .149............................Specifications .181...................Tools,Tire Changing .155Towing......................A Trailer,Do Not .118................Emergency Wrecker .176..................Trailer,Do Not Tow a .118TransmissionChecking Fluid Level,6-speed..........Manual Transmission .134...........................Fluid Selection .134..............Identification Number .178Shifting the 6-speed Manual.........................Transmission .114.....................................Treadwear .182.......................................Trip Meter .44................................................Trunk .54........Emergency Trunk Opener .55.................................Opening the .54...................Open Monitor Light .41....................................Turn Signals .48Unexpected,Taking Care..........................................of the .153....Uniform Tire Quality Grading .182........................Unleaded Gasoline ed Oil,How to Dispose of .132......................Vehicle Dimensions .180....Vehicle Identification Number .178.............................Vehicle Storage .152.................................................VIN .178..................................Viscosity,Oil .130.............WARNING,Explanation of .i i .........Warning Labels,Location of .35....................Warranty Coverages .193Washer,Windshield........Checking the Fluid Level .134.....................................Operation .47...........................................Wheels .149............Alignment and Balance .148......................................Wrench .155....Windows,Operating the Power .59Windshield.....................................Defroster .77.......................................Washers .47IndexUVWVIIWipers,Windshield.......................Changing Blades . 144.....................................Operation .47....................................Worn Tires .148.....Wrecker,Emergency Towing .176..........................XM Satellite Radio .88IndexXVIIIIX。
Timing-Belt
1
TIMING BELT BASICS
2
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS_FIXED CENTER DRIVES
ance from the center of one pulley to the center of second pulley (See Figure 1). In applications using timing belts, fixed center drives are not recommended. Fixed center implies exact belt tolerances.
• Spring loaded idlers must be designed to prevent the belt from ratcheting, or “jumping teeth,” under the highest loading conditions of the drive; this includes starting torque or any shock loading which may occur during normal operation.
Figure 4
5
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS_BELT INSTALLATION AND TENSIONING • There are several methods used to install a timing belt and adjust its tension. Two of the
• It is recommended that the drive have one adjustable component so installation is easier and the belt can be tensioned correctly. There are several ways to incorporate an adjustment into a drive system, including adjustable lock-downs or spring-tensioned pulleys/idlers.
皮带张力计使用手册1111
二. 目录1. 重要事项 (2)2. 使用说明 (4)3. 工作原理 (10)4. 皮带质量表 (11)5. 皮带安装张力 (13)6. 使用技巧 (13)7. 非标皮带的张力计算 (15)8. 特点 (15)9. 配件 (15)10.保修期、售后服务 (16)感谢您购买皮带张力计U507，使用之前请仔细阅读使用手册·请勿撞碰，任何冲撞都会导致此产品损坏。
·请勿把水、溶剂及其它任何液体泼洒在此产品上。
·请勿把此产品放置在多灰的环境中。
·避免此产品受热，比如汽车里或者直接的光照。
·请勿使用易挥发的溶剂清洗此产品。
·请勿在有火花的地方使用，否则可能引起爆炸。
·请勿拉探头任意两端的线绳。
·请勿在有雷雨的室外使用此产品，关掉电源并寻找一个安全的地方使用，否则有可能遭雷击。
·便携式探头是管状结构，请勿将探头弯折成锐角，不要在任意两端20mm(3/4英寸)的地方和两端尖部弯曲。
皮带张力计U507使用说明：安装探头把探头上的卡槽和仪器上的凹槽连接并推紧。
如需分离，握住探头上的卡槽然后拔出。
打开电源按下电源键,LCD会出现如下图面：1- Mass “皮带单位质量”2- Width “皮带宽度”3- Span “切线长”4- No. 储存代码5- 频率设定6- 电池容量在光线暗的情况下，LCD背景灯会打开，若5分钟内无操作，会自动关机。
打开的屏幕上显示的是上次关机时使用的数据。
1代表皮带单位质量，2代表皮带宽度，3代表皮带测量区域对应的切线长，这些数据都是同时显示的。
备注皮带参数必须要输入仪器中，以便得出皮带张力。
不管皮带的质量是多少，仪器都会显示频率值，但是会显示“错误”，如果计算的皮带张力值超出屏幕显示的值，红色灯会一直亮着。
(4)指的是当前皮带数据的储存设定号，如需更改数据或储存设定，请看皮带参数数据的储存及恢复。
(5)指的是当前频率设定，如需更改，请看第7页的频率设定。
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震撼的价格
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 115 100 0 65 187 106 705 三益公司 M公司
类比行业价格 低20-30%
450
CT-LK5-C56-15- CT-PTPMS5M-A- CT-S5M650-150 19 N24
三益 3G
三益（天津）精密机械
股份有限公司
三益（天津）精密机械股份有限公司 ◆中国FA工厂自动化零件专业供应商◆
3G→GOOD QUALITY
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高品质 低价格 快交期
公司简介
三益（天津）精密机械股份有限公司(3G)始终致力于研发、制造、销售工厂自动化精密机械 设备使用的各种机械标准件，例如：电机、驱动器、轴承、导向轴、直线导轨、滚珠丝杠、快速 夹钳、联轴器、铝型材、同步带轮、同步带、弹簧、无油衬套、脚轮、缓冲器……，产品广泛应 用在航空、汽车、通讯、医疗、能源、化工等各个领域，产品特点是：高品质、低价格、快交期 品种全，深得广大客户喜爱和好评。为目前工厂自动化制造行业性价比极高之产品，保证品质生 产现地化，产品80%以上备有库存，实行免费送货上门，提供优质一流服务。 公司自成立以来专心致力于工厂自动化制造行业基础零件的研发，发行自主产品目录，并根 据市场需求不断开发新产品，引导行业向高品质、低成本、快速生产的方向展，通过制造产品从 而达到科技进步，改善人们生活，服务社会的良好愿望。 我们与多家中国知名高校及科研单位保持长期良好的合作关系，愿依托强大的科研实力全力 开发新产品、改善产品质量、提升服务水平，更愿与广大同仁携手共同推动自动化科技行业的不 断发展！ 我公司为国家高新技术企业、天津市科技型企业，拥有多项自主知识产权，并通过SGS公司 取得了UKAS的ISO9001:2008产品质量认证，部分产品取得了ROHS认证，为中国工厂自动化 行业引领者。 企业宗旨：做有益于人类、有益于社会、有益于环境的长远发展企业 企业精神：时刻创新、服务需求、引领行业发展 企业理念：为客户服务，为员工幸福，为社会贡献
TENSION ADJUSTING METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR TIMING
专利名称：TENSION ADJUSTING METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR TIMING BELT发明人：TOMINAGA KANJI,HIJIKATATOSHIHIRO,YAMAGUCHIKATSUHIRO,MATSUMOTOYOSHIMICHI,WATANABE YASUO申请号：JP19646587申请日：19870807公开号：JPS63259260A公开日：19881026专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：PURPOSE:To adjust a belt tension by performing such processes in order as a reverse running process, a normal running process and a fixing process in which a tension pulley is moved back so as to fix it, while rotating a drive pulley in the reverse direction so that a deflection of the tention side portion of a timing belt may reach a preset adjusting target value. CONSTITUTION:By performing a normal running process after a reversing process, slackness all around a timing belt G is entirely collected to the installed position of a tension pulley H, and the slackness is completly eliminated by the pressing forward movement of the tension pulley H. Then, in the fixing process, the tension pulley H is moved back as well as a drive pulley E is rotated reversely, so that the slackness on the tension side portion of the timing belt G may reach an adjusting target value. Therefore, a tension of the timing belt G is adjusted to the desired tension status correctly without remaining the slackness in the portion between an auxiliary pulley F and a driven pulley E, and without any influence by dispersion of the internal friction resistance of a crank shaftB.申请人：HONDA MOTOR CO LTD 更多信息请下载全文后查看。
t10同步带拉力计算
t10同步带拉力计算English Answer:Calculation of T10 Timing Belt Tension.The tension of a T10 timing belt is a critical factor in ensuring proper operation and longevity. Too much tension can lead to premature belt failure, while toolittle tension can cause the belt to slip and lose synchronization.The ideal tension for a T10 timing belt depends on several factors, including the belt length, the number of teeth, the speed of the belt, the load on the belt, and the ambient temperature.There are two main methods for calculating the tension of a T10 timing belt:1. Tension meter method: This method involves using atension meter to measure the tension directly on the belt. Tension meters are available in both analog and digital formats.2. Deflection method: This method involves measuring the deflection of the belt under a known load. The deflection is then used to calculate the tension.The following formula can be used to calculate the tension of a T10 timing belt using the deflection method:T = (F L) / (4 d)。
汽车引擎维修指南说明书
and the usual resul ts are bent val ves and possibly piston damage.In some cases, the cyl inder head can be reconditioned, with new val ves and guide inserts. But often a new cyl inder head or heads are re-quired—a significant expense.If a motorist is lucky, the belt teeth wear first. But al though most timing bel ts have automatic tensioners, the bel t stil l jumps a few teeth. Starting and engine performance are affected,and the car comes in for service be-fore expensive damage can occur. A few new engines actual l y wil l l og a troubl e code for the engine jumping time by one or two degrees, and that’s a tip-off to a timing bel t probl em. If that happens, bel t repl acement should be “automatic.”Your customers shoul dn’t have to trust to luck or rely on the optimistic bel t repl acement interval s specified by the manufacturers, often up to 7years/105,000 mil es on the l atest Honda/Acura engines, as an example.Remember, too, that a customer’s car may be from a period with a shorter interval, such as 60,000 miles.Wear-rounding of the bel t teeth is one sign of excess wear, but the most ominous is cracking at the joints be-tween the teeth and the belt itself. If you see that, recommend an immedi-ate bel t repl acement. If you see a l oose bel t, that coul d be a l ucky catch, since it indicates either that the automatic tensioner is stuck or the bel t has stretched beyond its range. Light surface cracks in the teeth, meanwhile, may not look good,but are not an indication of impend-ing failure.and engineering efforts to improve engine performance, it just isn’t pos-sibl e to design freewheel ing engines anymore. And that can create some big headaches. Here’s why:If a timing bel t snaps during en-gine operation, the crankshaft contin-ues to turn for a brief period. The pistons on half the cylinders come up and “kiss” the val ves that had been opened on intake or exhaust (and without the belt drive, remain open).The kiss is anything but affectionate,61February 1999T iming bel ts are quieter than chains, but they have a shorter life expectancy. And that’s why engine manufacturers specify belt re-placement at some specific mileage.Not many years ago, engines usual-l y were designed to be “freewheel -ing,” which meant that if the timing belt snapped, the engine just stopped running. Sure a new bel t had to be installed, but that was it. Today that’s no longer the case. Be-cause of tightened emissions controls IMING B ELT P h o t o : P a u l W e i s s l e r。
ESI[tronic] 2.0 多功能车辆诊断软件说明书
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Diagnostic SolutionsESI[tronic] 2.0ESI[TRONIC] 2.0 SOFTWARE SOLUTION:MULTIFUNCTIONALITY FOR VEHICLE DIAGNOSISThe multi-brand vehicle diagnostic software provides easy usage, fast access and broad vehicle coverage – this makes ESI[tronic] 2.0 a user-friendly, multifunctional information tool.Today one expects more than just control unit diagnostics from workshop software, no matter if it concerns passenger or commercial vehicles. Intelligent troubleshooting, support for rapid repair and maintenance according to manufacturer specifications are the new standard in the diagnostics segment. All these requirements can be met with the ESI[tronic] 2.0. The efficient control unit diagnosis from Bosch guides you through the troubleshooting process step-by-step. With ESI[tronic] 2.0, all the necessary information on the vehicle regarding maintenance and service is provided instantly. ESI[tronic] 2.0 contains the newest data on all standard vehicle types thanks to regular patches and thus allows you to stay up-to-date with regular Bosch-validated software updates.The integrated solution Experience-based repair – Known Fixes allows quick access to known faults and proposed solutions at the same time repair solutions are required. Fast and reliable repairs are the basis for excellent results and high customer satisfaction.④Multibrand vehicle control unit diagnostic software: ESI[tronic] 2.0 is already used in every third independentworkshop in Europe④Worldwide great coverage for passenger cars, bikes, LCVs, trucks, buses and trailers in breadth and depth④Over 90.000 vehicles from more than 150 brands covered④Advance adjustment and programming functionalities④Vehicle identification through KBA key or VIN enables efficient analysis on the average in 20 seconds④All necessary data for repair and maintenance according to manufacturer specifications presentedin a convenient, easy and understandable manner④Supports the workshop networking concept Connected Repair (CoRe) for higher efficiency and effectiveness④Always up-to-date with regular online updates:takes place in the background, workshops can use the software simultaneously without limitation④High value and benefit: additional licenses for little money on multiple devicesDiagnostic software for maintenance and repair withcomprehensive vehicle coverage: with its modular structure, ESI[tronic] 2.0 ensures that you can always find the best repair solution for your daily business.Must-have for every professional in the workshop:SD ④ Vehicle diagnosisSIS④Vehicle troubleshooting instructions EBR ④Experience-based repair – Known Fixes M ④Vehicle mechanics and maintenance schedules P ④ Comfort systems wiring diagrams④ Technical hotline / car repair hotlineCore ModulesUse the latest diagnostic data for passenger car, bike, van and truck systems for all necessary service tasks.►Service task menu for time-saving experts:you can find shortcuts to all service-relevant operations►Flight recorder function to detect and analyze complexintermittent faults►Protocols for documentation and handing informationabout the vehicle provided to customers►Advanced coding and adjustment functionalities►Worldwide greatest coverage for all control units:from identification to reading / deleting error memory,actual values, actuators, function tests, adjustments /settings and some special functions for individual andprofessional service proceduresThe troubleshooting instructions reliably guide you step-by-step to the cause of the fault. All of the information required for maintenance and service is available at the vehicle immediately.► A system-based troubleshooting database hand-crafted by Bosch experts►SIS/CAS complete system description and step-by-step testing including OE values and real-time comparison with VCI multimeter measurementsTroubleshooting instructions contain the following information:►Installation positions and removal / installation instructions►Overviews for the vehicle such as data bus overviews►System tests of almost any component in the car►Wiring diagram►Control unit terminal assignment►Self-diagnosis overview (including actual value description and fault code tables)►System identification►Service interval resetFind the right solution within seconds, even for challenging troubleshooting cases. EBR includes data on specific errors repeatedly occurring on certain vehicle models.In case a known error is detected during the diagnosis, ESI[tronic] 2.0 recommends the technician a repair solution which has already been proven to be a good remedy.►Contains repair instructions for frequently occurring faults;even faster and easier solutions compared to classicaltroubleshooting►Repair instructions generated by the experienced Boschauthoring team and validated thanks to the expertise of theworldwide Bosch diagnostic community.►First online information type which requires an internetaccess to ensure that the workshop is always provided withthe latest content.►Already over 700.000 real-life use cases / vehiclecombinations – and the database is growing day by day!►Optimal time savings: The free text search allows you tosearch for error codes, symptoms, and even components, aswell as faults without error codes stored.►Common structure of the repair instructions facilitates the repair process.►The feedback function at the bottom of each repair instruction allows you and other ESI[tronic] 2.0 diagnostic experts to categorize and view the ratings of the selected fix.Maintenance information tabs contain service schedules, needed parts, tire size and pressures, wheel alignment data, key programming information, timing belt change instructions, service lights reset instructions and more, with a direct link to diagnostic functions when required.Maintenance tab contains OE service schedules with specific workflows as well as regular maintenance information. This ensures that vehicle manufacturer warranties are maintained.►Service schedule operations can be filled in directlyvia the tool and the reports edited or initially printed► A vast majority of the day-to-day operations iscontained in a single tab►Maintenance also contains instructions with thefollowing information:►Service Illustrations►Service Indicator►Exhaust Gas Treatment, Diesel Engine►VIN Plate Location►Technical Data►Timing Gears►Auxiliary Drive BeltsGiant data base including wiring diagrams for all important systems such as engine management, comfort systems and bus systems for optimal efficiency.►Positions and designations of each item areclearly referenced. They are selectable from boththe component list and directly from the diagramitself.►The last selected diagram remains stored. It isautomatically recalled when the end user performsother functions and returns to the Circuit Diagramstab.►Integrated search and automated highlighting►General Features:ground points, full screen mode button andshortcut to line colorsOur technical hotline has many years of experience in the workshop daily business and can help you in the diagnosis and repair of cars and commercial vehicles. Thanks to the comprehensive expertise in automotive engineering, even complex system problems can be solved quickly and competently. In case you do not have any solution, our experts will be able to perform remote diagnostics on your computer and solve the problem together with you.►Benefits for your workshop:►Comprehensive competence of Bosch in automotive systems engineering►Manufacturers and expertise in mechanical, electrical and electronic systems in the automotive sector across all brands►Quick problem solving►Constant availability of the latest information►Advantages of the technical hotline at a glance:►Increased efficiency: service and repair become easier and faster►Reduced total costs of ownership: unnecessary use of personnel and workshop equipment avoided►Customer satisfaction: high due-date reliability and reduced costs can create a positive image and thus increase customer loyalty►Unburden your workshop manager: your workshop staff gets the support they need to run daily operations smoothly, leaving you to focus on more strategic tasks, e.g. customer satisfaction►Employee satisfaction: fast, competent support motivates your employees in their daily workADDITIONAL SOFTWARE MODULES FOR SPECIALISTS IN THE WORKSHOP►Equipment (Module A)►Bosch diesel spare parts (Module D)►Bosch electric spare parts (Module E)►Component repair instructions (Module K)►Injection pump test data (Module W)►Work values (Module B)►Service calculation (Module S)All the vehicle parts-related modules can be found under the Equipment tab,e.g. work units, estimates, parts catalogues.With ESI[tronic] Bike, a professional diagnosis of motor bikes andscooters is possible. ESI[tronic] Bike offers control unit diagnosis for themost common European and Asiatic bikes, with the diagnosis features ofESI[tronic] 2.0.In addition to control unit diagnosis, ESI[tronic] Truck also contains technicalinformation such as circuit diagrams, service and repair information andinformation on commercial vehicles: trucks, light commercial vehicles, busesand trailers. Model series, power output, engine designation as well as axleconfiguration are included as the basis for a sound diagnosis. Other additionalimportant diagnosis functions are available: Reading / deleting error codes,selecting actual values, activating actuators, resetting service intervals, andteaching in components.More and more vehicle manufacturers are using a new diagnostic interface based on Ethernet, also known as DoIP (Diagnostics over Internet Protocol). The advantage of it is up to 100 times faster data transfer compared to previous technologies, which were mostly used for flashing the control unit. In addition to the speed advantage, ethernet-based diagnosis offers a secure and stable data transfer. It is not unlikely that in the near future, more and more manufacturers will use Ethernet for regular vehicle diagnostics as well. Being prepared for this development, the new diagnostic tester from the Bosch KTS series supports Ethernet as well as conventional vehicle interfaces. This means you are ready for the requirements of tomorrow with an intelligent solution from today.Most European vehicle manufacturers have already equipped their currentvehicle models with such new, Ethernet-based diagnostic interfaces. The Volvo XC90 is the first vehicle on the market allowing a complete diagnosis only by means of the Ethernet interface.In the future, basic diagnoses will still be possible via CAN, but comprehensive diagnostics and the flashing of control units will only be done via the Ethernet interface.ESI[tronic] 2.0 always supports the latest technology standards with regard to DoIP and is therefore the promising solution for every workshop in the future. The software automatically detects when to activate the Ethernet interface.Thanks to regular updates, automotive workshops can always be sure to have the latest data for all common vehicle types at their disposal. Whenever a Bosch diagnostic device connects to the internet, all updates will download automatically in the background while the device is still in use.► Full online download option for ESI[tronic] 2.0► High time-saving possibility thanks to easier installation process► Download takes place in the background – ESI[tronic] 2.0 can be used simultaneously without limitation ► Store the ESI[tronic] 2.0 on a USB stick and then simply drag & drop it to an offline PC ► If an internet connection is not available, DVDs will remain as a proven update optionCAS[plus] in ESI[tronic] 2.0 can be used to quickly switch between the information modules for a convenient, fast and efficient daily diagnostic work environment:Additionally, extended CAS[plus] functionality provides a seamless integration of the multimeter and oscilloscope ofKTS.System OverviewTroubleshooting instructions (Module SIS)Vehicle diagnosis (Module SD)Mechanics & maintenance schedules (Module M)In consideration of expanding workshop activities, no additional software licenses are required for the hardware. The KTS can thus be used for several PCs in combination with the installed ESI[tronic] 2.0 software.Your benefit: the comprehensive ESI[tronic] 2.0 solution on several devices for a one-time purchase.The following operating systems are recommended for ESI[tronic] 2.0:► Windows 7 (Home Premium 32+64 bit, Business 32+64 bit) ► Windows 8 (32+64 bit) ► Windows 10 (32+64 bit)ESI[tronic] 2.0 supports the Bosch workshop connection concept known as Connected Repair. Thanks to regular updates, automotive workshops can be sure to always have the latest data of all common vehicles types at their disposal.In other words, the software is linked to almost the entire Bosch Automotive Solutions product portfolio (such as KTS, DCU, FSA, BEA, EPS, DAS, HTD), as well as parts catalogues and repair workflows.ESI[tronic] 2.0 goes hand in hand with our diagnostic hardware for efficiency and effectiveness in your daily work.V 1.0, 19.01.2018, C o n t e n t a n d i m a g e s s u b j e c t t o t e c h n i c a l a n d p r o g r a m c h a n g e s .KTS 560 / 590►Modern electronic control unit diagnosis for the highest level of efficiency:can be used in combination with existing PC in the workshop or in combination withDCU 220 or 100.Order number: 0 684 400 560 / 0 684 400 590KTS 350►Advanced diagnostic technology –KTS and DCU with ESI[tronic] 2.0 in one compact and robust deviceOrder number: 0 684 400 350DCU 100►Rugged tablet PC to be used in combination with a Bosch KTS 560 / 590and ESI[tronic] 2.0Order number: 0 684 400 122DCU 220►Multifunctionality at its best: a robust notebook combined with a tablet PC and state-of-the-art technology – for daily workshop challenges together with the KTS 560 / 590Order number:0 684 400 230KTS 460►Diagnostic starter package: DCU 100 and KTS 560Order number: 0 684 400 460KTS 960 & 980►Complete wireless premium package with measuring technology:DCU 220 and KTS 560 or KTS 590Order number: 0 684 400 960 / 0 684 400 980KTS 995►Premium package with additional professional measurement technologyfor vehicle analysis:DCU 220 + KTS 560 and FSA 500Order number: 0 684 400 995。
optibelt三角带产品简介
带顶宽 带高 推荐的最小带轮基准直径 带的重量（ｋｇ／ｍ）
应用
Optibelt Red Power II高效窄形带专门为机械工程而开发。其应 用领域涵盖了压缩机、水泵、冲压机、风扇和其他重载传动。
最大挠曲比（每秒） 最大带速（ｍ／ｓ）
8
V 带-切边铸齿
optibelt Super X-POWER M=S*
３ＶＸ／９ＮＸ、５ＶＸ／１５ＮＸ、ＺＸ／Ｘ１０、ＡＸ／Ｘ１３、ＢＸ／Ｘ１７和ＣＸ／
Ｘ２２，通过使用最先进的生产机械生产，为这些情况提供最佳
的技术和经济解决方案。
材
结构／特性
工 Optibelt Ｓｕｐｅｒ ＴＸ Ｍ＝Ｓ带由以下几部分组成：
星超 com 包布 . 张力线 c 垫层混合物 赖 -g 加强的纤维混合物 信 xc 铸齿 专家 www. 基体混合物由带纤维的氯丁橡胶混合物组成，纤维沿带截面
....Optibelt Super TX M ＝S切边铸齿三角带的优势是明显
的： 更小的带轮直径 高带速 更高的传递能力 更高的环境温度
在这些情况下，使用包布三角带不经济，且不可行。
带齿使弯曲应力降低并产生良好的挠性。故可以使用比常规纤维 包布三角带更小的带轮。
Optibelt Ｓｕｐｅｒ ＴＸ Ｍ＝Ｓ三角带带型为ＸＰＺ、ＸＰＡ、ＸＰＢ、ＸＰＣ、
with the high performance of V-belts. The V-shaped
parallel ribs are made from a wear-resistant rubber
compound. The high strength tension cord is designed
带顶宽 基准宽度 带高
碟刹盘保养说明英文版
碟刹盘保养说明英文版Disc Brake Pad Maintenance Guide: Keep Your Vehicle Safe and Performant INTRODUCTIONDisc brake pads are a crucial component of your vehicle's braking system, helping to slow down or stop your car effectively. Proper maintenance of these pads is not only essential for safety but also to ensure optimal performance and extended pad life. This guide will provide you with an overview of disc brake pad maintenance, including daily and定期maintenance tips, troubleshooting common issues, and recommendations on purchasing quality replacement parts.DAILY MAINTENANCE1.CLEANINGRegularly clean your disc brake pads to remove any debris or foreign objects that may affect their performance. Use a soft-bristled brush or cloth to clean the pads and the surrounding areas. Do not use abrasive cleaners as they may damage the pads.2.INSPECTINGCheck the disc brake pads regularly for any signs of wear, such as uneven wear patterns, glazing, or foreign objects embedded in the pads. If you notice any issues, it's recommended to have a professional mechanic inspect the braking system.3.TIMING BELT AND ROTOR CHECKInspect the timing belt and rotor for any signs of wear or damage. If the belt shows signs of fraying or cracking, or if the rotor is warped or rusty, it's recommended to replace them.4.HYDRAULIC FLUID LEVEL AND CONDITIONCheck the hydraulic fluid level in the brake system regularly. If the level is low, add hydraulic fluid. Additionally, make sure the fluid is clean and free of any foreign objects or debris.5.BRAKING TESTPerform a brake test regularly to ensure that the braking system is functioning properly. If you notice any hesitation or loss of braking power, it's recommended to have the braking system inspected by a professional mechanic.PERIODIC MAINTENANCE6.PAD REPLACEMENTReplace the disc brake pads when they show signs of wear or damage. It's important to follow the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations for pad replacement intervals as they can vary depending on the vehicle and drivingconditions. Replacing worn pads with new ones ensures optimal braking performance and safety.7.BRAKE FLUID CHANGEChange the brake fluid periodically to maintain cleanliness and proper functioning of the brake system. The recommended interval for fluid changes varies depending on the type of brake fluid and driving conditions. It's essential to use high-quality brake fluid recommended by the vehicle manufacturer to ensure optimal performance and safety.8.BELT AND ROTOR INSPECTON AND REPLACEMENTInspect the timing belt and rotor regularly for any signs of wear or damage, following the recommendations provided by the vehicle manufacturer. If they show signs of wear or damage, replace them to ensure proper engine timing and avoid potential engine damage. Replacement belts and rotors should be installed by a professional mechanic to ensure proper installation and function.9.CALIPER CLEANING AND REPLACEMENTClean and inspect the calipers regularly to remove any debris or foreign objects that may affect their performance. If the calipers show signs of wear or damage, replace them to ensure proper brake function and avoid potential brake failure issues. Replacement calipers should be installed by a professional mechanic to ensure proper installation and function.PROBLEM SOLVING AND TROUBLESHOOTING COMMON ISSUES WITH DISC BRAKE PADS INCLUDE:10.BRAKES SQUEALING: If your brakes are squealing, it could be due to a varietyof reasons such as debris on the pads or a misaligned caliper. Cleaning the pads and inspecting the caliper for misalignment can help resolve this issue.If the problem persists, it's recommended to have a professional mechanic inspect the braking system for further issues.。
2017款奥迪保养手册 - 所有车型 - 加拿大说明书
Crash active headrest - Check function (A8 only)
Cooling system - Check coolant level, add coolant if necessary, and check protection to spec -25°C (except A3
AdBlue fluid - Fill completely with fresh fluid (All TDI models) Brake system - Check for damage and leaks, thickness of pads, and brake fluid level Brake system - Check that the vent caps are mounted on calipers and check the condition of the brake hoses Cooling system for electrical components: Check coolant level according to description in ElsaPro (A3 e-tron
BorgWarner clutch - replace oil (A3, S3, RS 3, Q3, TT and TTS only)
AdBlue® Fluid - Replace only if AdBlue has not been filled within the last 4 years (All TDI models)
165,000 km
Standard Maintenance Service
180,000 km
Major Maintenance Service with additional items
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tc =
sc v · 103
[s]
tv = ta + ta' + tc [s]
6. Other Values
Symbol
Angle of incline Specific spring rate Spring rate of a belt Spring rate of a linear drive
Unit α cspec c
for i ≠ 1
Always round down calculated values for c1 to the smaller round figure. Note maximum values in table 1! Estimate number of teeth if not given and determine n.
[mm]
or:
Sum of all forces FU = FR + FH + FA … [N]
in which:
FR = m · μ · g [N] frictional force
FH = m · g or m · g · sin α [N] lifting power
FA = m · a [N] accelerating force
fe
f0 Stooth Stm
z z1 z2 zmin ds min P
Torque to be transmitted
T
Designation ° N
N/mm N/mm
s-1 s-1
mm kW Nm
Calculation/Remarks
for inclined conveying
Table value from calculation sheet
4. Konstants and Coefficients
Symbol
Unit
Density
ρ
Friction coefficient
μ
Teeth in mesh factor;
c1
number of teeth
involved in power flux
Operational factor
c2
Acceleration factor
Note c1 max table 1! Table 2 Table 3
3
Formulae
5. Quantities of Motion
Symbol
Speed (RPM) Belt speed Acceleration Acceleration due to gravity Travel total Accelerating (braking) distance Travel where v = constant Accelerating (braking) time Travel time where v = constant Travel time total
Force determining belt selection Permissible tension member load External force Static shaft load
Unit
Designation
FU
N
FA
N
FH
N
FR
N
FU max
N
F'U req
N
F'U
N
FV
N
FB
N
Fper
Accelerating force Lifting power Frictional force (μ values table 4) Maximum effective pull Specific effective pull required Specific effective pull Pretensioning force
Stm = Fper/FB
where i = 1
where i ≠ 1
where i ≠ 1
Table value from calculation sheet
Table value from calculation sheet
P=
FU · n · d0 19.1 · 106
=
FU · v 103
[kW]
-
d2) · π · 4 · 106
b
·
ρ
[kg]
mSred
=
mS 2
·
1
+
d2 dS2
[kg]
2
3. Measurements
Symbol
Unit
Bore diameter
d
Pitch diameter
d0
Outside diameter
dk
Take-up pulley diameter
ds
Width of timing belt pulley, take-up pulley b
F'U req =
FU max c1
[N]
Effective pull FU [N] to be transmitted by ProPosition timing belt
generally:
c=
cspec l
[N/mm]
c=
l l1 · l2
· cspec
[N/mm]
l1
mL
l2
l = l1 + l2 [mm]
l1
l2
cmin =
4 · cspec l
[N/mm]
fe
=
1 2π
·
c · 1000 mL
[s-1]
f0
=
n 60
[s-1]
Stooth = F'U/F'U req
Operational and acceleration factor c2 and c3 take from tables 2 and 3 FU max = FU · (c2 + c3) [N]
c1 = z/2 for i = 1
c1
=
z1 180
· arc cos
(z2 – z1) · t 2·π·e
Contents
Formulae
2
Calculation
5
Calculation examples
7
Calculation sheets
15
Tables
26
Siegling – total belting solutions
Formulae
1. Forces
Symbol Effective pull to be transmitted
Determine from extreme positions of linear drive
cmin /cmax
cmin for l1 = l2
Natural frequency
Exciter frequency Tooth base service factor Tension member service factor Number of teeth Number of teeth on small pulley Number of teeth on large pulley Minimum number of teeth Minimum take-up pulley diameter Power to be transmitted
Belt width
b0
Belt length untensioned
l
for 2-shaft drives
Belt length general
Clamping length per belt end
lk
Centre distance (exact)
e
Centre distance (exact)
m = mR + mL + mZ red + mS red [kg] mR = m'R · l/1000 [kg]; Table value from calculation sheet
mZ
=
(dk2
-
d2) 4·
·π· 106
b
·
ρ
[kg]
mZred
=
mZ 2
·
1
+
d2 dk2
[kg]
mS
=
(dS2
2 · sa · a 1000
[m/s]
g = 9.81 [m/s2]
sv = sa + s'a + sc [mm]
sa (sa') =
a · ta2 · 103 2
=
v2 · 103 2·a
sc = v · tc · 103 [mm]
ta (ta') =
v a
=
2 · sa a · 1000
[s]
for i = 1: l = 2 · e + π · d0 = 2 · e + z · t [mm] for i ≠ 1:
l
=
t·
(z2 + 2
z1)
+
2e
+
1 4e
t · (z2 – z1) π
2
l = z · t [mm]
for AdV 07
is calculated from l
Rotating 2-pulley drives and
c3
Designation kg/dm3
Calculation/Remarks