专题二十 阅读表达2

2010高考二轮复习英语考案专题二十阅读表达【专题考案】（1）American voters went to the polls on Tuesday to elect a new president，who is also the chief executive of the US government and commander-in-chief of the US military. However，Americans do not vote directly for a presidential candidate．Instead，they choose the electors who represent them in choosing the president．In most states，the names of the electors do not appear on the ballot at a11. Instead，the ballot(选票)says that voters are selecting the ―electors for‖．This is followed by the names of the candidates for office．The number of electoral votes in a state is equal to the number of senators．Each state has two senators. But the number of house representatives a state has is based on the size of its population．So, the number of electors varies from state to state．A majority of 270 electoral votes out of a total of 538 is needed for victory．In most states, the winner of the popular vote gets all of the state’s electoral votes．This is a ―winner takes all‖ system．The electors from each state meet and officially vote for the president and vice president on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December of the election year．But，a winner is usually declared not long after the election，based on the popular vote．This Electoral College system has been operating since 1788．It was established because some of the founding fathers wanted Congress to elect the president, while ．The system represents a compromise between these two desires.1.W hat’s the title of the passage?(6 words)2．Complete the sentence in the last paragraph．3. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．4.What do common Americans vote for? (15 words)5．What can decide the number of House representatives of each state? (5 words)（2）If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that__________. Dr. Winkle says, ―The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,‖ he adds, ―we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.‖So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours in about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. ―When you put the light out,‖ Dr. Winkle says, ―concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.‖1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)_____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)_______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments fromthe passage against the idea. (Please answer within 30 words)_______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.______________________________________________________________________________(3)You might be reading this article and saying, ―Hey, that sounds just like me!‖ If so, we’re glad you recognize that this happens to you. Now you can start taking steps to lessen your test anxiety. Here are some ways to do that:Ask for help. Talk to your mom or dad, your teacher, or your school guidance counselor. Just talking to someone about test anxiety can make you feel better .Describe what happens to you when you’re taking a test and these people can help you figure out some solutions. For instance, learning study skills can boost your test –day confidence.Be prepared. Pay attention in class. Do your homework. Study for the test. On test day, you’re more likely to feel like you know the material.Block bad thoughts. Watch out for any negative messages you might be sending yourself about the test (―I’m no good at taking tests‖ or ―I’m going to freak our if I get a bad grade‖) .These thoughts can make anxiety worse and make it harder for you to do well on the test. _____________.Everyone makes mistakes .Be more forgiving of your own mistakes, especially if you prepared for the test and are set to do your best.Breathe better. OK, so you already know how to breathe .But did you know that breathing exercises can help calm you down? (Just try not to take in too much air because it might make you feel dizzy.) Here’s how to do it: Inhale (breathe in) slowly and deeply through your nose, and then exhale (breathe out ) slowly through your mouth. Do this two to four times and you just might breathe easier the next time you’re taking a test!1. What is the best title of the passage ? (Please answer within 10 words)___________________________________________________________________________2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?Having too many negative messages in mind leads to worse test anxiety, which may stop you doing well on the test._______________________________________________________________________________3. Please fill in the blank in the last but one paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)_______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which of the tips do you think is the most useful?(Please answer within 30 words)_______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the 6th paragraph into Chinese.(4)These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.Green building means ―reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land‖, Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green Building Council in Washington, D.C., said .According to Holowaka, building account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use.But green building can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, ________________. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don’t destroy forests .Mary Dettling is project manger for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country’s first green high-rise building. According to Dettling, ―We’re reduced our energy use by one-thi rd and our water by 50 percent,‖.The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water reusing it .Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowaka said, ―It’s going to be big.‖1. What is the best title of the passage ? (please answer within 10 words)___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one ?Green building will become popular in future .. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence .( Please answer within in 10 words .)______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Do you think a green building is better than a common building ? Why? (Please answer within 30 words .)_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.Translate the underline sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese._______________________________________________________________________________(5)For most Americans, a clean glass of water is just a matter of turning on a faucet（水龙头. But for many of the world’s poorest, it’s hard to get .On Wednesday, the United Nations(UN)marked World Water Day by trying to cut the number of people without good drinking water-one billion human beings worldwide-in half. In the next ten years ,the UN will work with governments around the world to reduce the shortage.Without clean water nearby, many people use water _______________________ .In India, many people bathe and wash their clothes in rivers that are polluted by human waste.According to the UN, not having enough clean water and sanitation causes more than three million deaths a year.―The links between water and human heath are powerful,‖ said Dr Lee Jong Wook, director-general of the World Health Organization(WHO). ―We cannot live without clean water.‖In fact, the International Federation of the Red Cross said that quick reaction after last year’s Asian tsunami(海啸)had stopped disease. The agency provided clean water to nearly 500,000 people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka after the tsunami.World Water Day was first celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is celebrated each year on March 22.1. What is the best title of the passage?_______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by this one?The quality of the water is closely connected with human health.______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What did the International Federation of the Red Cross do after the tsunami? And why?_____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence._______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the first paragraph into Chinese._______________________________________________________________________________(6)In the United States, train transportation is unpopular compared with cars and airplanes. Most people like traveling by car or by air.Officials of the United States Department of Transportation made a study in 2001. The study is about how many miles Americans traveled by different means of transportation. They only studied trips longer than 50 miles. The study showed that fifty-six percent of all miles were traveled in personal vehicle. Forty-one percent were traveled in an airplane. Two percent were traveled in a bus. And less than one percent of miles were traveled in a train.Amtrak is the national provider of train transportation in the United States. In the past ten years, the number of its passengers has increased by eighteen percent. Although the number of passengers has increased, it is still very small now. In countries such as France, Germany, or Japan, more people use trains.There are several reasons why many people __________________________.Firstly, Americans love to drive their own cars. On highways, cars can travel as fast as trains. These highways connect all major cities in America．Secondly, many travelers like to be independent. When they use their own cars they can decide when to travel. Thirdly, many buses travel between major cities. Bus travel is less costly than train travel.In a huge country like the United States, cities are far away from each other. In some cases, travel from one city to another by train may take more than a day. Airplanes can carry passengers over long distances much faster. People who do not want to spend long time traveling by traindecide to fly. For these people saving time is the most important thing.1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?It’s convenient for people to decide the start-off time when they travel in their own cars._______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.( Please answer within 10 words.)_______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What means of transportation do you like best when traveling, trains, cars, or planes? Why? ( Please answer within 30 words)_______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentences in the last paragraph into Chinese._____________________________________________________________________________(7)We often feel trapped within the routines of our everyday lives. In order to achieve a true state of relaxation, we must make time for uninterrupted leisure. Set aside an hour a day, or even a day a week if you can, for your chosen leisure pursuit. Take all the necessary steps to make sure that you will not be called away or interrupted, and leave the telephone off the hook—then, set your spirit free.Accept ChangeSometimes it seems safer to stay where we are than to risk going into the unknown or to accept change. But in reality, true relaxation comes not from trying to control life’s natural flow, but from allowing ourselves to be carried along by that flow without fear of the future, or nostalgia （留恋）for the past.Believe in YourselfEach of us has unlimited potential to achieve our goals—even those that seem the most far-reaching. Mark out realistic stepping stones toward your aims, and try each day to work toward reaching another stone. Most importantly, do not feel disappointed if, on one day, you make onlyhalf your intended progress, or even ________________at all—the act of thinking about your goals will help to bring you closer to them.Value Your blessingsWe are all gifted with spiritual blessings, among them happiness, health, truth, and inner stillness. Spend today bringing happiness to yourself and your friends and family. Tomorrow, eat especially healthily. The next day, be true to yourself—if something makes you unhappy, try something else. The day after, spend time in quiet thinking. The reward for being rich in these blessings is a fulfilled and peaceful life.1. What is the best title of the passage?（Please answer within 10 words.）__________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?All the wishes will bring you a quiet and meaningful life.____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（Please answer within 10 words.）____________________________________________________________________________.4. Which of the suggestions do you think is helpful to you? Why?（Please answer within 30 words.）_______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese._______________________________________________________________________________(8)Exchange a glance with someone, and then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer and you have made _____________. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You may likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to send out a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contacts whatsociologist Erving Goffiman（1963）calls ―a dimming of the lights‖. You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger’s eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person extremely uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.If you hold eye contacts for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, and then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals,―I know you‖. ―I am interested in you.‖ or ―You look peculiar and I am curious about you.‖ This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?(within 10 words)._______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Please translate the underlined part into Chinese._____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Fill in the blank with proper words(within 10 words).________________________________________________________________________4. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following?You might have a glimpse of the others to let them make sure that you are not a danger.____________________________________________________________________________ 5. What does the passage mainly talks about?(within 15 words). ———————————————————————————————————(9)Comic book superhero Spider – Man uses tiny hairs on his fingertips to climb up walls. But he could h ave had another secret weapon to help him stick.Scientists have now found that some spiders can also make silk in their feet, which may sometimes help them get a firmer grip on a surface.Spiders are good at gripping walls with their legs. Thousands of little hairs on their feet make it possible. To test whether spiders also make these hairs wet to improve grip, scientists watched zebra tarantulas crawl up glass slides.When they tilted (使倾斜) a glass slide until it was almost vertical, the spider slipped a fewmillimeters before attaching itself again. The scientists were surprised to see little threads stretching from its feet to the slide. When they studied the spider’s feet under a spec ial microscope, they found tiny silk – shooting spouts (吐出) among the hairs.This was a surprise because scientists had previously thought spiders only use special organs near their stomachs to make silk.It’s possible that, a long time ago, feet were the first body parts of spiders to produce silk. Only later in their evolutionary history did spiders develop spinnerets on their abdomens to produce silk for webs.If so, the researchers say, this could mean that the silk’s original purpose was to _____________ , rather than to build homes or trap prey (猎物).1.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be best replaced by the following one?It has been discovered that the silk spouted from the feet of the spiders can assist them to get attached on objects.______________________________________________________________________________3. Fill in the blank with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.)______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese._______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What can you learn from this discovery ? (Please answer within 20 words.)_____________________________________________________________________________(10)Scientists have revealed the 10 commandments（法则）for a long and happy life. And the rules even allow for sunbathing, drinking alcohol and eating chocolate.The first rule, as published in the New Scientist magazine, is to enjoy yourself.MarriedSecond on the list is remaining sociable, with a happy marriage and good family life being essential for health.Studies have shown that marriage can add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two years to a woman’s life.A DrinkSo called vices like wine, partying and chocolate provide the fourth rule, with countless studies showing that a little of what you fancy does you good rather than harm.Work Your BrainThe fifth rule says that you should exercise your brain to stay active.Last month scientists at Cambridge University said puzzles could help prevent a range of conditions, from depression to schizophrenia（精神分裂症）.Knitting, doing crosswords or just walking also help.See the DoctorIt’s simple really. If you’re sick, get treatment fast .Eat HealthilyAs is well-known, you are what you eat.Scientists have recommended that the low-fat, high-fiber Mediterranean diet is a model for healthy eating and a long life.High in fruit and vegetables, the diet also uses beans ,breads and cereals.Small amounts of meat and moderate amounts of fish are also eaten.Take RisksRule eight urges people to put more excitement into their lives.Intellectual challenges, traveling, or learning a new language canall______________.Embrace TechnologyRule nine advises those seeking a long life to embrace new technologies.Be HappyRule ten is that you should smile and feel happier in life.Research showed that older men with an optimistic attitude towards life were only half as likely to suffer from cardio-vascular disease（心血管疾病）as those whose world view was more negative.1. What’s the best title of the passage ?(Please answer within 10 words.)________________________________________________________________________2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?Everybody knows that good health depends on a good diet._______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank in Rule 8 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)_______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which of the suggestions do you think is the best for you ?Why ?(Please answer within 30 words .)_______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese._______________________________________________________________________________(11)Many high schools and colleges with a football team in the United States usually have a homecoming day. This can be the most important event of the year next to graduation. Students plan homecoming day for many weeks. When the day arrives，they begin before dawn to decorate the schools. There are signs to wish luck to the team and many other signs to welcome back the graduates from other years. Many people still come to homecoming clubs build booths and sell lemonade，apples or sandwiches. Some clubs help to welcome visitors. During the day people like to look for teachers that they remember from long ago. Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school. Everyone soon comes to watch the football game. When the game is half over，the band comes onto the field and plays school songs. Another important moment is when the homecoming queen/king appears. All the students vote for another student who is popular. It is a great honor to become______________. Homecoming is a happy day. Even if the team loses，the students still enjoy homecoming. Some stay at the school to dance，and others go to a party. For everyone it is a day to remember for a long，long time.1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)_____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Of all the events，what are the two things that all the students do on this day? (Please answer within 15words.)____________________________________________________________________________3. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do the students still enjoy homecoming even if the team loses? (Please answer within 15 words.)____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.参考答案：（1）1. America’s voting system / How Americans elect their president.2. wanted the president to be elected by popular vote.3 12月份的第二个星期三之后的第一个星期一，来自各州的选举者一起正式选出总统和副总统。