On Second-hand Transaction
校园二手交易网站毕业设计论文
XXXXX毕业论文（设计）校园二手交易网站The Campus Second—hand Transaction Website姓名: XXX学号：XXXXX院别: 计算机学院专业： XXXXXX年级： XXXX指导教师： XXXXXXXXXX 年 1 月 2 日摘要在如今的社会中,人们的生活与网络技术紧密结合，人们越来越注重效率和正确率。
网络技术使得人们的生活越来越方便，也因为生活的改变使得人们对网络技术不断推陈出新。
本次网站设计是校园二手交易网站,将会开发出多种功能，不仅会提高对二手交易的管理效率,还将满足广大同学对出售二手商品的需求。
在本网站开发之前，首先对目前存在的校园二手交易网站的现状情况做了一些简单调查，发现目前专门针对校园使用的二手交易网站很少，因此坚定了我建设校园二手交易网站的决心。
第二，确定使用C＃技术和SQL Server数据库来完成本次网站编程设计。
第三，对我设计的校园二手交易网站进行多角度需求分析.最后，运用C#技术，结合数据库表格，将前台和后台分开处理，对校园二手交易网站的功能模块逐一实现。
关键词:因特网；C＃；SQL Server；校园二手交易网站AbstractIn today’s society，people's life closely integrated with network technology, people more and more attention to the efficiency and accuracy。
Network technology makes the life of people more and more，also because of the change of life makes the network technology constantly。
This website design is the campus secondary trading site，will develop a variety of functions, not only can improve the efficiency of management of the second-hand deal，will also meet the needs of students to sell secondhand goods.Before the website development，first of all, current condition of the existing campus second-hand transaction website do some simple research, found that the current used specifically for campus secondary trading websites rarely，so strengthened my determination to construction of the campus second-hand transaction website. Second, determine the using c # and SQL Server databaseto complete the website programming design。
2014年英语六级作文部分
2014年英语六级作文部分北京外国语大学何凯文教授一、基础知识准备部分1、词汇及词组intention: n.意图, 目的withdraw from: 离开，撤出，退出merely: adv. 仅仅，只，不过be far from：远远不及，远远不够barely: adv. 刚刚，仅仅，几乎不能sustain: vt. 支撑，撑住，维持，持续have responsibility of sth: 负责某事permanently: adv. 长期的，永久的，不变的look back upon: 回顾enjoyable: adj. 令人愉快的gratitude: n. 感激in the hope of:希望assistance: n. 帮助，协助first and foremost:首先declare: v. 声明possess: v. 拥有implement: v. 实施owe to:因为，由于decent income: 不错的收入as to: 至于less developed: 欠发达的senior student: 大四学生spare some time: 花一些时间fail to do sth:没能做成某事obtain: v. 得到，获得photocopy: v. 复印take the opportunity to: 利用这个机会beneficial: adj.有益的keyboard: n. 键盘purchase: v. 购买subscribe to: 定购be furnished with: 安装有lighting system: 照明系统obligation: n. 义务，责任generally speaking: 总的来说situates: v. 处于well-equipped: adj. 设备齐全的maintain: v. 保持，维持place: v. 放置in a … manner: 以……的方式business administration: 工商管理renowned: adj. 著名的interactive: adj. 相互的teamwork spirit: 团队精神appropriate: adj. 适当的refer to: 参考attach: v. 附上arrange: v. 安排extensive: adj. 广泛的polish: v. 使…更好relevant industry: 相关行业spare time: 空闲时间ensure: v. 保证commitment: n. 许诺enclose: v. 附寄occupy: v. 占用，占get-together: n. 聚会，联欢会hesitate: v. 犹豫，踌躇drop sb. a line: 给某人打一个电话preferable: adj. 更好的，更可取的long for sth: 渴望venture: v. 冒昧，斗胆in sb’s possession: 拥有emerge: v. 显现出来one after another: 一个接一个make sth no different from sth: 使…和…没有区别distressing: adj. 令人苦恼的，使人痛苦的delighted: adj. 高兴的，欣喜的achievement: n. 成就，功绩essential: 本质的，基本的，重要的play a … role: 起……的作用leverage: v. 衡量，利用pose a challenge to: 给……带来挑战fundamentally: adv. 根本上enhance: v. 提高，增强comprehensive: adj. 全面的embrace: v. 拥抱pave the way for: 为...铺平道路brilliant: adj. 灿烂的2、高级句型I am writing to inform you of…Though having…, I, unfortunately, find that…First of all… Moreover…I apologize in advance for…The main reason is that…I am wondering if you could spare some time to…Could you please do me the favor of…I would like to pay for the relevant expense by cash or credit card.Looking forward to a prompt reply from you.A freshman as I am, I feel that it is my obligation to make some suggestions concerning…I would be more than happy if my proposals could be considered and positive changes take place in these regards.The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in…I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship. Please find more details in my enclosed resume.Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview.二、热点作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Secondhand Goods. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1)目前购买二手货的人越来越多2)分析产生这一现象的原因3)二手货交易可能带来的问题【参考范文】Secondhand GoodsIn recent years, second-hand transactions have become quite common. Nowadays there are more and more secondhand goods in the market, such as secondhand books, furniture, appliances, cars, and so on. Why do so many people like to buy secondhand goods?The following reasons can account for this phenomenon. Above all, secondhand goods are cheaper than new ones. This enables those people who have poor financial abilities to buy the things they want. Moreover, secondhand goods transactions make it possible for people to make good use of the goods which may be useless in their hands. Besides, Internet provides a more convenient and quicker transaction platform for secondhand goods.However, there are also some problems in secondhand goods transactions. For one thing, the quality of secondhand goods can not be promised and you can not enjoy the good after-sale service. For another, secondhand goods market lacks enough supervision and management, and there exist many dishonest business activities. In a word, I think secondhand goods transaction is a good trading way, but it needs further perfection of the rules.2010年6月英语六级作文范文Almost no one in China can have failed to notice thefact that a number of students pay little attention to the study of Cheesenowadays. Taking a look around, one can find examples too many to list: somerefuse to go to Chinese classes, some read few Chinese classics and some rarelywrite in Chinese。
second hand transaction
On second-hand transactionNowadays, with the rapid development of our society, things are updated very quickly. As a result, many people prefer the new ones, so they sell the old ones which are called the secondhand goods. As for the consumers, the secondhand goods both have benefits and problems.On one hand, the second hand goods are much cheaper than the new ones; you can save money to buy some other things. What’s more, we can take the full use of the goods, because if we don’t buy them, the sellers may never use them or even throw them away. It’s really a waste of money and resources. But on the other hand, we all know that the second hand goods couldn’t compare with the new ones. They may have some quality problems that we don’t know exactly when we buy them. If we have them repaired in the future, it will waste us more money, for they have no quality guarantee. Besides, we couldn’t choose the ideal goods all the time when we buy some second hand goods. We may buy something just because they are cheaper, not because we really need them.All in all, second hand transaction has both advantagesand disadvantages. What we should do is to ensure that the goods have no quality problems and we really need them.。
财务会计英文版课后习题答案Ch12
CHAPTER 12 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1.There are several reasons for a firm to makeinvestments in assets not directly related to the primary operations of its business (that is, investments in assets other than property, plant, equipment, and inventory). Companies usually make short-term investments be-cause of a temporary surplus of cash. They make long-term investments either because they believe that purchased investments provide a good return on money invested or because they want to gain influ-ence or control over investee companies.2.The risk and return trade-off of investmentsis that investors must usually decide whether they want a potentially higher return with more risk or a lower return with less risk.Most investments fall somewhere along a risk-return continuum. Investments that pro-vide high returns but have low risk are desir-able, but rare.3.The FASB has defined four different classifi-cations for debt and equity securities: trading securities, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, and equity method se-curities.4. A security will be classified as trading if theinvestor is making the investment with the intent of selling the security should the need for cash arise, or to realize short-term profits should the price of the security increase.5. A security will be classified as held-to-maturity if the investor intends to hold the security until it matures. This criterion means that only debt securities can be classified as held-to-maturity, as equity securities typically do not mature. If a debt security is classified as held-to-maturity, any premium or discount associated with the security must be amor-tized over the life of the debt security.6.To be classified as an equity method securi-ty, an investor must typically own between20 and 50% of the outstanding commonstock of the investee. Ownership of between20 and 50% generally indicates the ability ofthe investor to significantly influence the operations and decisions of the investee.7.When an investor purchases debt and equitysecurities, two types of returns may be rea-lized. The first type of return is the receipt ofinterest (in the case of debt) or dividends (inthe case of equity). The second type of re-turn is from an increase in the price of thesecurity. To realize this type of return, the in-vestor must sell the security.8.When a security is sold, the seller must haveseveral pieces of information to properly ac-count for the transaction. The seller mustknow the selling price as well as the histori-cal cost of the security. The differencebetween these two amounts results in a rea-lized gain or loss on the sale.9.The difference between a realized gain orloss and an unrealized gain or loss relates tothe account ing concept of arm’s-lengthtransactions. The term ―realized‖ indicatesthat an arm’s-length transaction has takenplace and a security has been sold. A rea-lized gain indicates that the security was soldfor more than its historical cost, while a rea-lized loss means that the security was soldfor less than its original purchase price. Anunrealized gain means that the price of thesecurity being held has increased above itshistorical cost, but the security has not beensold. If the security is still being held and theprice falls below its historical cost, an unrea-lized loss has occurred.10.The account ―Market Adjustment‖ is used tovalue both trading and available-for-sale se-curities at their market value. Trading andavailable-for-sale securities are initiallyrecorded at their historical cost, and as theirvalue changes, the historical cost remainsthe same on the books. To reflect marketvalues on the books, the market adjustmentaccount is used to record both increasesand decreases in value. A separate marketadjustment account is used for both tradingand available-for-sale securities.11.Changes in the value of trading securities,both increases and decreases, are recordedon the books of the investor. Prior to 1994,only declines below historical cost wererecorded on the books. In 1994, however,434Chapter 12the rules were changed to allow companiesto record both increases and decreases invalue. At the end of each accounting period,the market value of the portfolio of tradingsecurities is compared to its historical cost,and the difference is recorded in the marketadjustment account. The offsetting credit (inthe case of increases in value) or debit (inthe case of decreases in value) is recordedin an income statement account as an un-realized gain or loss.12.Accounting for changes in the value ofavailable-for-sale securities is similar to theprocedures applied when accounting fortrading securities with one important differ-ence. Instead of recording any unrealizedincreases or decreases in value on theincome statement, unrealized increasesand decreases in value are recorded in astockholders’ equity account, UnrealizedIncrease/Decrease in Value of Available-for-Sale Securities—Equity. Thus, the journalentry to record unrealized changes in valuealways contains the stockholders’ equity a c-count and the market adjustment—available-for-sale securities account.13.The market adjustment account can befurther adjusted; however, the adjustmentaccount should always report the total netchange in the value of the security. For ex-ample, if a security that cost $200 rose invalue to $300 during the first period and thento $350 during the second period, the mar-ket adjustment account would show a bal-ance of $150 at the end of the second period. 14.Premiums and discounts on available-for-sale securities are not amortized because itis assumed that trading and available-for-sale securities will not be held long enoughto warrant the need to amortize a premiumor discount.15.Changes in the value of held-to-maturity andequity method securities are not accountedfor on the books of the investor. For held-to-maturity securities, the investor intends tohold the debt security until it matures, and asa result, changes in value will not affectthe eventual maturity value of the security.For equity method securities, the investoris holding the security for the purpose ofbeing able to influence the operating deci-sions of the investee on a long-term basis.Thus, temporary changes in value of equitymethod securities are ignored for accountingpurposes.16.The only difference between the accountingfor trading securities and available-for-salesecurities lies in unrealized changes in valueof those securities. For trading securities,the changes in value are recorded on the in-come statement. For available-for-sale se-curities, the unrealized changes in value arerecorded in a stockholders’ equity a ccount. 17.*When buying a held-to-maturity security, aninvestor purchases the right to receive twodifferent types of future cash receipts. First,the investor receives periodic interest pay-ments over the life of the security; second,the investor receives the face amount (prin-cipal) of the security at maturity.18.* A company would usually be willing to paymore than the face amount (a premium) fora held-to-maturity security when the interestrate on the security is higher than the marketrate of interest for similar investments. Thepaying of a higher price reduces the statedrate of interest to a point where it approx-imates the market rate of interest.19.*The amortization of a discount increases theamount earned on a held-to-maturity securitybecause at maturity investors receive theface value, which is higher than the amountoriginally paid. These increased proceedsmust be recognized over the life of the secu-rity through amortization. The amortization ofa discount increases interest from a statedrate to a higher effective rate.20.*An investor purchasing held-to-maturitysecurities (typically bonds) between interestdates must pay for accrued interest becauseat the next interest payment date a fullpe riod’s interest will be received, eventhough the securities have been held for onlya portion of the period. Because the securi-ties are sold in relatively small denomina-tions and are usually owned by numerousindividuals, it is almost impossible for acompany to know who bought how manybonds on which dates. Therefore, with manyheld-to-maturity securities, whoever ownsthe securities on the interest payment datereceives the full period’s i nterest.*Relates to expanded material.Chapter 12 43521.*The effective-interest amortization method istheoretically superior to the straight-lineamortization method because it takes intoconsideration the time value of money. Withthe effective-interest method, the amount ofinterest recognized is the effective interestrate times the amount of money actuallybeing borrowed at any period of time. Thestraight-line method is only an approximationof the true rate of interest.22.*The key criterion for using the equity methodis the ability of the investor to influence theoperations or decisions of the investee.23.*The accounting profession has providedguidelines to determine if the ability tosignificantly influence the operating deci-sions of an investee exists. The primaryguideline is degree of ownership. If the in-vestor owns between 20 and 50% of a cor-poration’s outstanding common stock, it isassumed that the investor is able to signifi-cantly influence the investee. Thus, unlessevidence exists to the contrary, ownership ofbetween 20 and 50% would require the useof the equity method.24.* When an investor purchases a trading secu-rity, revenue is recognized when interest ordividends are received. A gain or loss (un-re alized) is recorded when the security’sprice changes in value. For an investmentaccounted for under the equity method, rev-enue is recognized when the investee re-ports income for the period. This recognitionserves to increase the investment ac-count. The investment account is decreasedwhen dividends are received from the inves-tee. Unlike trading securities, temporarychanges in the value of equity method secur-ities are not recorded on the investor’sbooks.25.* Consolidated financial statements are pre-pared when a corporation owns more than50% of the stock of another company (acontrolling interest).26.* In the consolidated balance sheet, minorityinterest is the amount of equity investmentmade by outside shareholders to consolidat-ed subsidiaries that are not 100% owned bythe parent. In the consolidated incomestatement, minority interest income (shownas a subtraction) reflects the amount ofincome belonging to outside shareholders ofconsolidated subsidiaries that are not 100%owned.*Relates to expanded material.436Chapter 12PRACTICE EXERCISESPE 12–1 (LO1) Why Companies Invest in Other CompaniesThe correct answer is B.a. True. Most cases of companies investing in other companies are to investexcess cash.b. False. Investing in other companies will not necessarily eliminate risk in oth-er investments.c. True. By investing in other companies, the investing company can gain in-fluence over the operations of another company.d. True. When one company owns a significant portion of another company,the owner company can essentially control the operations of the owned company.PE 12–2 (LO2) Classifying a SecurityThe correct answer is C. Held-to-maturity securities are always considered debt securities. Trading and available-for-sale securities can sometimes be consi-dered debt securities. True to their name, equity method securities are always considered equity securities.PE 12–3 (LO2) Equity Method SecuritiesThe correct answer is A. An entity is presumed to have significant influence upon the operations of another company when it owns 20 to 50% of the outstanding voting stock.PE 12–4 (LO2) Disclosure of SecuritiesThe correct answers are A and C. Equity method securities are valued at cost ad-justed for changes in the net assets of the investee. Held-to-maturity securities are valued at amortized cost.PE 12–5 (LO3) Accounting for the Purchase of Trading and Available-for-Sale SecuritiesInvestment in Trading Securities ................................................... 65,400 Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities .................................. 79,600 Cash ............................................................................................ 145,000 Purchased various securities.Chapter 12 437 PE 12–6 (LO3) Accounting for the Return Earned on an InvestmentCash ................................................................................................. 1,359 Interest Revenue (459)Dividend Revenue (900)To record interest and dividends earned on securities.PE 12–7 (LO3) Accounting for the Sale of SecuritiesCash ................................................................................................. 25,200 Realized Loss on Sale of Trading Securities ................................ 2,800 Investment in Trading Securities ............................................. 28,000 To record the sale of Security 1 with original cost of$28,000 for $25,200.PE 12–8 (LO4) Changes in Value of Trading SecuritiesMarket Adjustment—Trading Securities (750)Unrealized Gain on Trading Securities—Income (750)To recognize the increase in value of the trading security($24,250 – $23,500 = $750).PE 12–9 (LO4) Changes in Value of Available-for-Sale SecuritiesUnrealized Increase/Decrease in Value of Available-for-SaleSecurities—Equity (400)Market Adjustment—Available-for-Sale Securities (400)To record net change in value of available-for-sale securities(Security 1 increased in value by $400, and Security 2 de-clined in value by $800).PE 12–10 (LO4) Subsequent Changes in Value of Trading Securities Unrealized Loss on Trading Securities—Income ......................... 1,900 Market Adjustment—Trading Securities .................................. 1,900 To adjust the market adjustment account to requiredending balance.Once this entry is posted, Market Adjustment—Trading Securities will have the required $800 credit balance as follows:438Chapter 12 PE 12–11 (LO5) Computing the Value of Held-to-Maturity Securities*First, we must compute the present value of the bonds as follows:Quarterly interest payment ($30,000 ⨯ 0.08 ⨯ ¼) ............... $ 600Present value of an annuity of 16 payments of $1 at 3%(Table II) ........................................................................... ⨯ 12.5611Present value of interest payments .................................... $ 7,537 Principal (face value) of bonds ........................................... $ 30,000Present value of $1 received 16 periods in the futurediscounted at 3% (Table I) .............................................. ⨯ 0.6232Present value of principal .................................................... 18,696 Total present value of investment ...................................... $26,233The value of the bonds can also be computed using a business calculator as follows:a. CLEAR ALL.b. Set P/YR to 1.1. 30,000 Press FV.2. 600 Press PMT.3. 16 Press N.4. 3 Press I/YR.5. Press PV for the answer of $26,231.67.PE 12–12 (LO5) Accounting for the Initial Purchase of Held-to-MaturitySecurities*The journal entry to record the purchase of this security is as follows:Investment in Held-to-Maturity Securities .......................... 26,233 Cash .............................................................................. 26,233 PE 12–13 (LO5) Straight-Line Amortization of Bond Discounts*The company will record a bond discount amortization of $676.83 ($40,000 –$35,939 = $4,061; $4,061/3 years ⨯ ½ = $676.83) on each date. Every six months, the company will make the following entry:Cash ...................................................................................... 2,000.00Investment in Held-to-Maturity Securities .......................... 676.83 Bond Interest Revenue ................................................ 2,676.83 Received semiannual bond interest and amortizedbond discount.*Relates to expanded material.Chapter 12 439 PE 12–14 (LO5) Straight-Line Amortization of Bond Premiums*The company will record a bond premium amortization of $567.90 ($68,407.39 –$65,000.00 = $3,407.39; $3,407.39/3 years ⨯ ½ = $567.90) on each date. Every six months, the company will make the following entry:Cash ...................................................................................... 3,250.00 Investment in Held-to-Maturity Securities .................. 567.90 Bond Interest Revenue ................................................ 2,682.10 PE 12–15 (LO5) Effective-Interest Amortization of Bond Premiums*The first step is to compute the market rate on bonds of similar risk as follows:a. CLEAR ALL.b. Set P/YR to 1.1. 65,000 Press FV.2. -68,407.39 Press PV.3. 3,250 Press PMT.4. 6 Press N.5. Press I/YR for the answer of 4%.The market interest rate of 4% is the semiannual rate, so the annual rate is 8%. The following amortization table shows the amount of interest earned and the amount of amortization for each period.InterestActually Earned(0.08 ⨯ ½ ⨯Cash Investment Amount of Investment Time Period Received Balance) Amortization Balance Acquisition date $68,407.39 Year 1, first six months $3,250 $2,736.30 $513.70 67,893.69 Year 1, second six months 3,250 2,715.75 534.25 67,359.44 Year 2, first six months 3,250 2,694.38 555.62 66,803.82 Year 2, second six months 3,250 2,672.15 577.85 66,225.97 Year 3, first six months 3,250 2,649.04 600.96 65,625.01 Year 3, second six months 3,250 2,624.99 625.01 65,000.00 Using the above amortization schedule, the journal entry for the first interest payment received is as follows:Cash ...................................................................................... 3,250.00 Investment in Held-to-Maturity Securities .................. 513.70 Bond Interest Revenue ................................................ 2,736.30 *Relates to expanded material.440Chapter 12 PE 12–15* (LO5) (Concluded)Using the above amortization schedule, the journal entry for the second interest payment received is as follows:Cash ...................................................................................... 3,250.00 Investment in Held-to-Maturity Securities .................. 534.25 Bond Interest Revenue ................................................ 2,715.75 PE 12–16 (LO5) Accounting for the Sale of Bond Investments*Cash ...................................................................................... 67,000.00Loss on Sale of Bonds......................................................... 359.44 Investment in Held-to-Maturity Bonds ........................ 67,359.44 Sold held-to-maturity bonds for $67,359.44.The following table shows the book value of the investment at the end of the first year (after the second interest payment) is $67,359.44.InterestActually Earned(0.08 ⨯ ½ ⨯Cash Investment Amount of Investment Time Period Received Balance) Amortization Balance Acquisition date $68,407.39 Year 1, first six months $3,250 $2,736.30 $513.70 67,893.69 Year 1, second six months 3,250 2,715.75 534.25 67,359.44 Year 2, first six months 3,250 2,694.38 555.62 66,803.82 Year 2, second six months 3,250 2,672.15 577.85 66,225.97 Year 3, first six months 3,250 2,649.04 600.96 65,625.01 Year 3, second six months 3,250 2,624.99 625.01 65,000.00 *Relates to expanded material.Chapter 12 441 PE 12–17 (LO6) Accounting for Investments Using the Equity Method* Investment in Hall Company .......................................................... 32,000 Revenue from Investments ....................................................... 32,000 To recognize Manwill’s portion of Hall’s net income ($80,000 ⨯0.40 = $32,000).Cash ................................................................................................. 8,000 Investment in Hall Company ..................................................... 8,000 To recognize Manwill’s portion of Hall’s dividends paid ($20,000⨯ 0.40 = $8,000).No entry is made for market value adjustments under the equity method of ac-counting for investments.PE 12–18 (LO7) Consolidated Financial Statements*Parent Company will report $135 ($150 ⨯ 0.90) as Income from Sub on its own in-come statement. On the consolidated financial statements, all of Sub’s revenue and expenses will be reported. Also reported will be Minority Interest in the amount of $15.*Relates to expanded material.442Chapter 12EXERCISESE 12–19 (LO3, LO4) Investment in Trading Securities—Journal Entries2008July 1 Investment in Trading Securities ................................... 8,300Cash ............................................................................ 8,300 Purchased 350 shares of Bateman Companystock at $22 per share plus $600 commission.Oct. 31 Cash (700)Dividend Revenue (700)Received a $2.00 per share dividend on350 shares of Bateman Company stock.Dec. 31 Unrealized Loss on Trading Securities—Income ......... 1,650Market Adjustment—Trading Securities .................. 1,650 To reduce trading securities to market($8,300 – $6,650).2009Feb. 20 Cash ................................................................................. 4,550Realized Gain on Sale of Trading Securities (400)Investment in Trading Securities ............................. 4,150 Sold 175 shares of Bateman Company stock[(175 shares ⨯ $26 = $4,550); one-half oforiginal cost of $8,300 is $4,150].Oct. 31 Cash (385)Dividend Revenue (385)Received a $2.20 per share dividend on175 shares of Bateman Company stock.Dec. 31 Market Adjustment—Trading Securities ....................... 2,575Unrealized Gain on Trading Securities—Income .... 2,575 To increase trading securities to market givena credit balance in the market adjustment of$1,650. Cost = $8,300 – $4,150 = $4,150;market = $29 ⨯ 175 shares = $5,075.Chapter 12 443 E 12–20 (LO3, LO4) Investment in Trading Securities—Journal EntriesJuly 16 Investment in Trading Securities ................................... 41,880Cash ............................................................................ 41,880 Purchased 4,000 shares of Eli Corporation stock.Sept. 23 Cash ................................................................................. 3,600Dividend Revenue ...................................................... 3,600 Received a cash dividend of $0.90 per share on4,000 shares of Eli Corporation stock.28 Cash ................................................................................. 21,840Investment in Trading Securities ............................. 20,940Realized Gain on Sale of Trading Securities (900)Sold 2,000 shares of Eli Corporation stock at $11per share—paid a commission of $160. [Cash =($11 ⨯ 2,000) – $160; short-term investment =$41,880 ⨯ 1/2; gain = $21,840 – $20,940].Dec. 31 Market Adjustment—Trading Securities ....................... 1,560Unrealized Gain on Trading Securities—Income .... 1,560 To increase value of securities to market [$11.25⨯ 2,000 shares – ($41,880 – $20,940) = $1,560].E 12–21 (LO3, LO4) Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities—JournalEntriesJan. 14 Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities .................. 83,200Cash ............................................................................ 83,200 Purchased 4,000 shares of Pinegar Corporationstock at $20.80 per share.Mar. 31 Cash ................................................................................. 1,000Dividend Revenue ...................................................... 1,000 Received a cash dividend of $0.25 per share on4,000 shares of Pinegar Corporation stock.Aug. 28 Cash ................................................................................. 36,160Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities ............ 33,280Realized Gain on Sale of Available-for-SaleSecurities ................................................................. 2,880Sold 1,600 shares of Pinegar Corporation stock at$22.60 per share [gain = 1,600 shares ⨯ ($22.60 –$20.80) = $2,880].444Chapter 12 E 12–21 (LO3, LO4) (Concluded)Dec. 31 Market Adjustment—Available-for-Sale Securities ...... 7,680Unrealized Increase/Decrease in Value ofAvailable-for-Sale Securities—Equity ................... 7,680To increase value of securities to marketvalue using market adjustment account[2,400 shares ⨯ ($24.00 – $20.80) = $7,680].E 12–22 (LO3, LO4) Investment in Securities2007Jan. 17 Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities .................. 89,500Cash ............................................................................ 89,500 Purchased 2,750 shares of Horner Companystock for $89,500.May 10 Cash ................................................................................. 3,575Dividend Revenue ...................................................... 3,575 Received a cash dividend of $1.30 per share on2,750 shares of Horner Company stock.Dec. 31 Unrealized Increase/Decrease in Value of Available-for-Sale Securities—Equity ......................................... 7,000Market Adjustment—Available-for-Sale Securities .7,000 To decrease value of securities to market valueusing market adjustment account (2,750 shares⨯ $30.00 = $82,500; $89,500 – $82,500 = $7,000).2008May 22 Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities .................. 30,000Cash ............................................................................ 30,000 Purchased an additional 750 shares of HornerCompany stock for $40 per share.July 18 Cash ................................................................................. 3,150Dividend Revenue ...................................................... 3,150 Received a cash dividend of $0.90 per share on3,500 shares of Horner Company stock.Chapter 12 445 E 12–22 (LO3, LO4) (Concluded)Dec. 31 Market Adjustment—Available-for-Sale Securities ...... 34,500Unrealized Increase/Decrease in Value ofAvailable-for-Sale Securities—Equity ................... 34,500To adjust portfolio of available-for-sale securitiesto market given a credit balance in the marketadjustment account from the prior period of$7,000. Market = $147,000 (3,500 shares ⨯ $42);Historical cost = $119,500 ($89,500 + $30,000);$147,000 – $119,500 = $27,500 + $7,000 = $34,500.2009June 7 Cash ................................................................................. 3,500Dividend Revenue ...................................................... 3,500 Received a cash dividend of $1.00 per share on3,500 shares of Horner Company stock.Oct. 5 Cash ................................................................................. 94,500 Realized Loss on Sale of Available-for-Sale Securities 25,000Investment in Available-for-Sale Securities ............ 119,500 To record sale of all Horner Company stock for$27 per share. Loss on sale = [$119,500 – ($27 ⨯3,500 shares)].Dec. 31 Unrealized Increase/Decrease in Value ofAvailable-for-Sale Securities—Equity ......................... 27,500Market Adjustment—Available-for-Sale Securities .27,500 Eliminate market adjustment account as allavailable-for-sale securities have been sold.Balance prior to adjustment is $27,500 ($34,500debit – $7,000 credit).E 12–23 (LO4) Investment in Equity Securities1. Market ValueSecurity Cost (December 31, 2009)A $250,000 $130,000B 160,000 169,000C 315,000 350,000Total $725,000 $649,000An unrealized loss of $76,000 ($725,000 –$649,000) would be recognized, reducing net income to $554,000 ($630,000 – $76,000).。
详细说明二手车互联网中介的交易流程
详细说明二手车互联网中介的交易流程1.买家在二手车互联网中介平台上浏览感兴趣的车辆信息。
Buyers browse the vehicle information they are interested in on the second-hand car internet intermediary platform.2.确定心仪的车辆后，买家联系平台客服或卖家进行咨询。
After identifying the desired vehicle, the buyer contacts the platform customer service or the seller for consultation.3.买家可以要求卖家提供更多车辆的照片或者车辆的检测报告。
Buyers can request the seller to provide more photos of the vehicle or the vehicle inspection report.4.买家和卖家进行价格谈判，达成一致后，可以选择线下或线上交易。
Buyers and sellers negotiate the price, and once an agreement is reached, they can choose to complete the transaction offline or online.5.确定交易方式后，买家在平台上支付定金或全款。
After confirming the transaction method, the buyer pays a deposit or full payment on the platform.6.卖家确认收到款项后，准备好车辆交车的手续，例如过户、车辆交接等。
After the seller confirms receipt of the payment, they prepare the vehicle handover procedures, such as transfer of ownership and vehicle handover.7.如果是线下交易，买家可以前往卖家所在地检查车辆状况、测试车辆性能。
校园电子商务—二手交易网站(英文)
Campus E-commerce - Second-hand Exchange WebsitePosted:2008-12-29 13:04:00 Browse:6523 作者：付长青[Abstract] online shopping has become more prevalent, the students can not be ignored is an online shopping group, the campus has a large secondary market and potential for development. This paper analyzes the significance of the establishment of the campus secondary trading networks, introducing secondary trading of the campus main functions of the site.[Keywords:] secondary market secondary campus e-commerce trading networks1 Introductioncations in the growing popularity worldwide in many Web services, Web gives refreshing feeling, but it is here where the growing popularity of online shopping has been a lot of people through network shopping. The benefits of online shopping is that it can not pay rent, do not hire guys 24 hours a day at any time be able to carry out services. Currently the Internet has become an integral part of college life, college students an average Internet penetration rate of 92%, of which more than 10 hours a week online students accounted for more than one-third of the total number of students in school. Now college students basically BBS-based online trading, BBS although many users, but because it is not a stand-alone site, providing limited functionality, the user can not be a detailed understanding of Information goods can not be quickly and easily check goods, can not be to meet the needs of the students in the actual transactions. Second-hand trading sites on campus college students in the school to provide a supply-demand platform, students can do their own things on the Web, also available on the web to find they need something inexpensive to achieve win-win situation.Second, the characteristics of second-hand trading site1. Information and practical, to facilitate studentsUsed Web site provides a number of items to facilitate student learning and living information, such as being out of the modern family, especially semi-new and old, the price is low the small size of TV sets, widely popular in the college students. Dormitories no television, in order to make rich and colorful life after school, several friends have to pay a joint venture with the homes, from buying one, do not underestimate the 'TV', a soccer match to go to war, and many students sitting on its side, enough to look at out of its 'fascinating', there is. The end of university life, but also sold to low-grade classmates.'Used the old bike' in a very much sought-after college students, university campus 'big', and some even sub-several campuses, a day school, doing experiments, ran really hard, and sometimes even the occasional stroll along the streets, go out together nature of the bike needs a lot of fun. Buy a new, high prices are prone to being 'locked in', or 'used' the good. 5 with a three set, then lower hands, even if the throw is also cost-effective. Semester, many students will not go to buy new books, but to the site search for the same teaching materials and curriculum requirements, which in college students is widespread. If grade exam tutorials, book 40 yuan, while the second-hand book is only 10 yuan, Moreover, in the books also includes a high-grade notes, and more practical. Web site of beautiful commodities, computers, MP3, removable disk, lamps, tape recorders, racks, rackets, fitness, etc., abound.2. To develop students awareness of the businessOver the past one to the end of, or close to graduation, books, household items are treated as waste, it is cheaper to sell waste received, and now, students can hang these items of information used in the campus Web site so that students can choose between the two-way, creating a certain The Economic value, and some students have to collect, collate the information and materials to carry out operations, try to do 'the boss' feelings。
二手物品交易网站外文文献翻译中英文
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Jens Clausen, Birgit Blättel-Mink2, Lorenz Erdmann, Christine Henseling . Contribution of Online Trading of Used Goods to Resource Efficiency: An Empirical Study of eBay Users [J]. Sustainability, 2010, 2: 10-30.英文原文Contribution of Online Trading of Used Goods to Resource Efficiency:An Empirical Study of eBay UsersJens Clausen, Birgit Blättel-Mink , Lorenz Erdmann and ChristineHenselingAbstractThis paper discusses the sustainability impact (contribution to sustainability, reduction of adverse environmental impacts) of online second-hand trading. A survey of eBay users shows that a relationship between the trading of used goods and the protection of natural resources is hardly realized. Secondly, the environmental motivation and the willingness to act in a sustainable manner differ widely between groups of consumers. Given these results from a user perspective, the paper tries to find some objective hints of online second-hand trading’s environmental impact. The greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the energy used for the trading transactions seem to be considerably lower than the emissions due to the (avoided) production of new goods. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for second-hand trade andconsumer policy. Information about the sustainability benefits of purchasing second-hand goods should be included in general consumer information, and arguments for changes in behavior should be targeted to different groups of consumers.Keywords: online marketplaces; online auctions; consumer; electronic commerce; used products; second-hand market; sustainable consumption 1. IntroductionOnline auction and trading platforms are increasing the opportunities for sustainable consumption. The potential of online based second-hand trading lies largely in the opportunity to extend the life span of products, thereby avoiding additional environmental stresses due to the purchase of new goods. To date, private households often failed to exploit the potentials for reusing products because of high transaction costs. Trade in second-hand goods remained limited to regional markets. These barriers frequently prevented local and regional used goods markets from attaining critical mass and becoming attractive for both buyers and sellers. In recent years, however, rapidly increasing use of the Internet and trading platforms, such as eBay, have fundamentally transformed the underlying conditions of such markets.Online markets have not only significantly increased the numbers of market participants; they have also changed the roles traditionally assigned to consumers and producers. Exchange sites, auction platformsand other Internet-based trading models where users are not merely buyers, but at the same time, also active sellers of products or services, have shifted the role of consumers.Against this background, this article examines consumption processes using the example of eBay, the world’s largest online trading platform for used goods, by focusing on the following question: Which sustainability potentials are connected with the electronic trading of used goods, and how can these potentials be exploited? This question lies in the center of the research project ―From Consumer to Prosumer—Development of new trading mechanisms and auction cultures to promote sustainable consumption.‖ The project is intentionally linked with various streams of research and insights, especially concerning the intensification of use, lifestyle research, and life-cycle assessment, in the fields of information technology and telecommunications, and integrates them from the perspective of the research guiding question.After giving an overview of the scientific work on environmental attitudes and behavior in the context of internet based used goods trading, and an empirical look on internet usage in Chapter 2, the empirical results of an online survey on online trading and sustainability are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 draws conclusions from the empirical study and Chapter 5 focuses on the ecological assessment of used goods trading.The paper concludes with some remarks on the consequences of second-hand trade, online platforms, and consumer policy.2. Internet-Based Used Goods Trading from a Subjective PerspectiveSustainability researchers in the social sciences assume that environmentally-oriented behavior is supported to a non-negligible degree by positive attitudes toward the environment and by knowledge about the environment [1-7]. Time and again, however, representative surveys of the population provide evidence for a discrepancy between concern about increasing environmental devastation and its consequences, as well as knowledge about the environment on the one hand, and environmental behavior that is in line with such knowledge on the other. It is possible to identify groups of individuals who display environmentally-friendly behavior, but not the corresponding attitudes toward the environment (e.g., older single women), just as there are groups of individuals who display a high degree of ecological awareness, but whose behavior is nonetheless not consistently environmentally oriented (e.g., families whose environmentally-friendly behavior is organized to the hilt, but who still drive a family car). Three bundles of characteristics that influence the sustainability of styles of consumption have emerged in the research [8]: the household’s social situation (socio-demographic characteristics and time resources), consumer preferences (subjective preferences relating to the selection of productsand behaviors), and actual consumption behavior. Socio-demographic characteristics that substantially influence differences in terms of sustainable consumption patterns include age, educational level, gender, marital status, and income, with women, well educated people, and parents striving for consistency of attitudes and behavior.Grunenberg and Kuckartz [1] were able to identify the group they called the ―environmentally committed‖ in their study, which was representative for Germany. ―[A group] that takes e nvironmental problems more seriously and is actively committed to solving them. Entirely consistent pro-environment behavior is not demanded of this group; that would require, for example, that these individuals would not just eat exclusively organically-grown food, but would also sell their cars and take bicycling vacations.‖ (Grunenberg/Kuckartz, p. 204 [1]). The following indicators were used to define the group of environmentally-committed individuals: membership in an organization promoting conservation or environmental protection; donation to such an organization in the previous year; familiarity with the term ―sustainable development;‖ high willingness to pay for improved environmental protection; frequenting of information about environmental problems from specialist periodicals; environmental mentality type 1 (motto: ―Be a role model when it comes to environmental protection!‖); declared shared responsibility for environmental protection (statement: ―It isn’t difficultfor an individual person to do something for the environment!‖) (Grunenberg/Kuckartz, p. 204 [1]). Members of this group are often in the familial phase of life, have a relatively high level of education, often live in major cities or small communities, seldom in medium-sized towns or villages, tend to come from West Germany, as a rule have a higher professional position (senior staff, upper-middle-level or upper-level civil servants, the professions), have a medium to high, but not very high income, and tend to live in quiet neighborhoods in single- or two-family houses. Regarding their political preferences, the authors ascertained a more pronounced interest in politics in general, and a clear focus on post-materialist values.As to trading in used goods as a specific area of consumption, a study of West Berlin showed that buying and selling used goods is linked fairly rarely to ecological motives [9]. Pragmatic reasons for selling used goods are mentioned more frequently, for instance ―making room‖ or ―getting rid of items we no longer need.‖ In contrast, when purchasing used goods, financial motives are more important. The proportion of men who buy and sell used goods is somewhat higher than that of women. The average age is 36. More than two-thirds of those offering goods on the second-hand market have a job. Housewives and students comprise 10% of sellers each, the unemployed and pensioners about 5% each. The sellers often live in multi-person households, and live less commonlyalone. Among the buyers of second-hand goods, 29.4% are in the 19- to 25-year age group and 35.7% are in the 26- to 35-year group. Most people have a job (61%), and students form 15% of the buyers, which is substantially higher than their proportion of the sellers. Educational levels are above-average among buyers, too, as is the proportion of individuals living in multi-person households.3. Online Trading and Sustainability—Empirical ResultsTaking the example of eBay, the above mentioned relationships were more closely looked at with an online survey that was carried out by the authors in November, 2008. The survey was intended to gain insight into eBay users’ consumption patterns, their attitudes, and their ways of dealing with used products on eBay. The survey was directed to private eBay users who use the site, both for buying and selling, and who carried out at least one transaction during the preceding 12 months. In total, 2,511 valid questionnaires were analyzed. In contrast to Germany’s total population, more men (57.1%) than women responded, more persons who live with their partners (73.4%), and more people living in households of three or more (52.4%). The sample also displays a relatively high educational (49.4% level A) and employment status (49.2% working full time), and the respondents tend to live in or near urban areas. The age distribution of the respondents (biggest cluster 40–49 years old; 29.8%) and their income distribution (40% medium to low income) arecomparable with the overall population. More women (45.1%) than men (34.0%) of the sample live in households with children; the proportion of men increases with increasing age. The women who buy or sell on eBay have lower incomes. 48.7%, of all female eBay buyers earn less than 2,000 Euros per month compared to 39.8% of all male eBay buyers. Compared to the group of Internet users mentioned above, the sample analyzed here differs only in relation to income, with Internet users displaying higher incomes. The following subjects will be approached: Attitudes toward the environment and motives for trading on eBay, attitudes of eBay users regarding used products and their handling of used products. Then, a typology of consumer patterns of eBay users that was derived from the data will be presented.4. Conclusions from the Empirical StudyThe results of the survey show that environmental aspects play only a minor role for the majority of the surveyed eBay users when trading used products. When concerning their motivations in particular, other aspects have been more important to date: practical and financ ial considerations, as well as having fun trading on eBay. Opportunities to make trading on eBay more environmentally friendly lie in providing information about the environmental relevance of used goods trading, e.g., directly on the eBay platform. In addition, the broad range of motivations that eBay speaks to offers good starting points for creating alliances ofmotivations that connect ecological aspects with other aspects of use. A concrete strategic point of intervention is the option to provide opportunities for climate-neutral shipping on the eBay platform, and eBay users have indicated a high willingness to use such an option. The survey also made it possible to identify various starting points for intensifying used goods trading. When developing communications strategies in this regard, the value of used goods for others should be emphasized more strongly. This could happen, for example, by pointing more clearly to the quality, as well as the monetary value, of used products in such communications. Interesting approaches that take this direction include quality tests of used products, as well as tools with which users can learn about the prices they can get for used products. The test lab introduced by eBay in mid-2008 is an interesting approach. Certain used products were tested here to show their value in relation to the value of new products.The results highlight the significance of situations of change in life for trading used products. Such phases, for example, the birth of one’s first child or retirement can (under certain circumstances) function as times when people start trading used goods, or they can be situations in which the willingness to buy and to sell second-hand products is especially high.An important aspect for used goods trading is that the effort investedin selling the product must be financially worthwhile. The responses showed, however, that this is not always the case. This aspect must be taken into account when developing measures to intensify used goods trading. Another finding: a central problem of used goods trading lies in the fact that many buyers are unsure of the quality of the products for sale (lack of warranties, doubts about whether the products are in fact in proper working order). In order to address this concern, it is important to develop mechanisms that increase trust in second-hand products and reflect their quality. Initial starting points include initiatives to refurbish used products. One example for this is the initiative which purchases, refurbishes and then resells used cell phones and provides a warranty. Identification of the five consumption patterns in online used goods trading contributed to structuring the various behavior patterns of private eBay users. Above all, the fact that the respondents’ dif ferences in socio-demographic characteristics are very small is remarkable. The five types do differ significantly, however, regarding their attitudes and their behavior on eBay. They also differ with respect to their concern for the sustainability-related contexts of eBay trading. The environmentally oriented buyers of used goods and the prosumers, as different as they may be, are those upon whom we pin our hopes for sustainability. Although the former group displays a certain consistency in terms of attitudes and behavior, which is also characterized by increasing awareness ofsustainability, it is the prosumers who treat new and used products with care in order to resell them, thereby contributing to lengthening of the life spans of products, even if they are not aware of this effect.中文译文二手物品网上交易资源效率的贡献:eBay用户的实证研究Jens Clausen , Birgit Blättel-Mink , Lorenz Erdmann ,Christine Henseling 摘要本文探讨了网上二手交易的可持续性的影响(对可持续发展的贡献,减少对环境的不利影响) 。
物流常用英语词汇
shipping expenses of container ship 集装箱船运输费用shipping exchange 船运交易所shipping date 装船期限shipping data 船舶资料shipping container 运输集装箱shipping company 船公司shipping clause 装运条款shipping by chartering 租船运输shipping association 运输协会shipping and delivery cost 运送成本shipping agent 海运代理人shipping agency 船务代理shipping advice 装运通知shipper's packed container 由货主装的集装箱shipper's pack and seal 有托运人装箱及封箱shipper's pack 由发货人装箱shipper's order bill of lading 发货人指示提单shipper's load and tally 由托运人装货和理货shipper's load and count and seal 由发货人装货并点数封箱shipper's load and count 由发货人装货并计数shipper's liability 托运人责任shipper owned container 发货人自备的集装箱；自有箱shipped quality terms 装运品质条件；装船品质条件shipped on board bill lading 已装船提单shipped on board 已装船shipment tracking number 查货号码shipment by first available vessel 由最先开航的船装运shipment by cheapest rout 用运费最低的船装运shipment and delivery cost 运送成本shipment advice 装船通知shipmaster 船长ship slots utilization ratio 船舶箱位利用率ship name 船名ship insurance 船舶保险ship canal 通航运河ship agent 船舶代理人shellac 虫胶sheave groove 滑轮槽shearing transverse 板带横剪机shearing lengthwise 板带纵剪机shaping machine 牛头刨床shampoo 洗发水shadow price 影子价格；推算价格sewing machine 缝纫机settling day 清算日settling agent 理赔代理settlement of exchange 结汇settled account(s) 结帐；清算；决算settle by arbitration 由仲裁解决settle account 结帐set of bills of lading 整套提单；成套单据sesame seed 芝麻service-driven transportation 服务至上的承运人serviceable car days per car loaded 货车周转时间（天数）serviceable car 可使用的车；使用的车service profit chain 服务利润链service manual 使用说明书；修理说明书service charge 服务费；劳务费service and administration expenses 服务管理费serial number 序号separate b/l 分提单semi-trailer tractor 半挂车用牵引车semi-trailer container train 集装箱半挂列车semi-trailer 半挂车；半拖车semigantry crane 半龙门起重机semi-container ship 半集装箱船semi-container 半集装箱semi-conductor & parts 半导体及零件semiautomatic 半自动的semi land bridge 与MLB同，均为小陆桥运输selling rate 卖出汇率selling at less than cost 蚀本出售selling at half price 半价出售seller's usual packing 卖方习惯包装seller's market 卖方市场；卖方有利的市场sell like hot cakes 畅销；销售得很快sell by wholesale 批发；整批出售self-loading and self-unloading truck with side hoisting 侧面吊装型集装箱自装自卸车self-loading and self-unloading truck with back hoisting 后面吊装型集装箱自装自卸车self-loading and self-unloading truck 集装箱自装自卸车self-elevating platform 自动升降平台，自升式平台；自顶升泵船security prelitigation 诉前保全security of maritime claims 海事请求保全security measures 安全措施secure electronic transaction 安全电子交易协议second-day air 提供通宵航空递送服务secondary market price 次级市场价格secondary market 二级市场secondary highway 二级公路second hand packing 旧包装second hand goods 陈货；旧货second hand 中间人；助手；旧货second day delivery 第二天送达seaworthy trim clause 适航平舱条款seaworthy trim clause 适航平舱条款seaworthy ship 海船seaworthy packing 耐航包装seaworthy certificate 适航证书seaworthiness 适航性；适航能力seatainer 船用集装箱seasonal port 季节港seasonal plan 季度计划seasonal peak traffic 季节性高峰运输seasonal inventory 季节性存货tetrasodium pyrophosphate 无水焦磷酸tetrachloroethylene(perchloroethylene) 四氯乙烯(全氯乙烯) testing certificate 检验证明书test rack 试验架;试验台test of static strength 静强度试验test measurement 试验测量;试验计量test marketing 试销test load 试验载荷test in place 现场试验;工地试验test certificate 检验证书territorial sea 领海terrazzo tile 水磨石terms of trade 贸易条件terms of sale 销售条件terms of payment 付款条件terms of insurance 保险条件terms of contract 合同条款;合同有效期terminating of railway 铁路终点terminal vanning （集装箱)装卸区内装箱terminal transit 集装箱区内调运terminal station 终点站terminal registers for market 销售点终端出纳机terminal receiving charge 码头接货费；集装箱装卸区接货物费terminal market 集散中心市场；终点市场；期货市场terminal handling charge 装卸费；终点站搬运费terminal elevator 码头起重机terminal devanning 集装箱装卸区内（或码头）拆箱terminal depot 集装箱码头货站terminal delivery 码头交货terminal control computer 终端站控制计算机terminal charges 装卸费；终点码头费terminal 码头；终点站；转运站；端子；末端的term of validity 有效期限term insurance 定期保险term draft 定期汇票tender for conveyance 托运temporary admission 暂时批准进口；临时输入许可temperature regulation 温度调节temperature meter 温度计temperature difference 温（度）差temperature controller 温度调节器（或控制器）temperature control space 温度可控区temperature control valve 温度控制阀temperature 温度telex release 电放（提单）television camera 电视摄像机yuyangzi 2006-11-15 13:14telemarketing 电话营销telegraphic transfer 电汇telecommunication 电信technology trade 技术贸易technical-ecnomical computation 技术经济计算technical-ecnomical comparison 技术经济指标technical standard 技术标准technical patameter 技术参数technical innovation 技术革新technical evaluation 技术鉴定；技术评价technical barrier 技术性贸易壁垒technical and organizational measures 技术组织措施technical and economic requirements 技术经济指标technical 技术的；工艺的；专门的teak 柚木tea 茶T card plate T卡盘tax-free imports 免税进口货taxation 税收，纳税，征税tax 税；税款tax return 报税单；报税表tax refund 退税tax rate 税率tax paid products 已税产品tax on a corporation 公司税tax on a contract 合同税tax free 免税的；无税的tax barrier 关税壁垒tax abatement 减税tarpaulin 舱盖布，防水帆布tariff-free zone 自由关税区tariff-free 免税tariff wall 关税壁垒tariff system 关税制度tariff schedule 税率表；税则tariff quotas 关税配额tariff preference 关税优惠tariff on tapering scale 按递运递近计算的运价表tariff diminution 关税减让tariff concession 关税减让tariff cartel 关税卡特尔；关税同盟tariff barrier 关税壁垒tariff 关税；税则；关税率；运价表；费率表target price 指标价格target of transportation cost 运输成本指标target market 目标市场tare weight 货物皮重；包装重量；集装箱自重tare mass 自重（空箱质量）tare gross 皮重tare container 集装箱自重tare 皮重；包装重量；包皮tantalurm&niobium ore 钽铌砂tank-type dry-bulk container 罐式干散货集装箱tanker market 油轮市场tanker consecutive voyage charter party 油船连续航次租船合同tank vessel 油轮，油槽船tank pallet 罐式托盘tank frame container 框架式油罐集装箱tank container surveys 罐式集装箱检验tank container for liquids 液体罐式集装箱tank container for gases 气体罐式集装箱tank container 罐式集装箱tank 箱；池；罐；槽tangible loss 有形损耗tangible goods 有形货物tamp duty 印花税tallying document 理货单据；点数单据tallying charges 理货费tallying ashore 岸上点数；岸上理货tally sheet 理货记数单tally list 理货单tally 理货tallow 车羊油ball oil 塔尔油talcum powder,toiler 爽身粉take lum&powder 滑石块、粉take back goods 退货take an account of stock 清点存货tag 标记；标签；标志tacit collusion 串通bables and graphs 图表bale ware 餐具table trolley 物流台车table of investigation 调查表table of interflow of goods 货物交流表bable of charge 费用表table of charge 费用表bable glass 玻璃餐具table fan 台扇table 表；图表；目录systematic sampling 系统抽样法system wide graphical timetable 全路列车运行图和时刻表system of targets 指标体系system of liability 赔偿责任制度system for the identifications of number 自动识别编码的装置system analysis 系统分析synthetic filament yarn 合成纤维长丝纱线synthetic fiber carpet 化纤地毯symbol mark 符号标志switching operation 调车作业switchboard 配电板；配电盘；交换台switch trade 转口贸易；转手贸易swimwear 游泳服sweat damage clause 潮汗损坏条款sweat damage 受潮损失sweat&heating risk 受潮受热险suspension gear 悬挂装置surtax 附加税surgical dressings 医用敷料surface utilization percentage 表面利用率surface area 表面积surcharge 附加费；超载support bar 跨梁supply management 供应管理supply elasticity 供应弹性supply channel 供应链supply chain software 供应链软件supply chain position 供应链位置supply chain optimization 供应链最佳化supply chain management 供应链管理supply chain 供应链supply and marketing cooperative 供销合作社supplementary charge 附加费supplementary business tax 附加营业税supplemental 补充的；追加的；附加的；额外的supervise stored empty container 检验堆存空箱supermarket 超级市场；自选商场superntendent of transportation 运输人员superimposed clause 提单上加盖或添上的批注条款superhighway 高速公路Sunday holiday excluded 星期日和节假日除外Sunday and hoilday 星期日和节假日Sunday and holiday included 星期日和节假日包括在内Sunday and hoilday excepted 星期日和节假日除外summary table 总表summary statement 汇总表summary of materials received 收料汇总表summary 摘要；一栏summarization 总计；总结；概述sulphur acid 硫酸sulphur acid scrap 硫酸渣sulphate sodium 硫酸钠（元明粉）suitcause,n.o.e. 未列名提箱suitable containerizable cargo 适箱货-适合集装箱化的货物sugar 糖Suez Canal Zone 苏伊士运河区Suez canal net tonnage 苏伊士运河净吨位Suez Canal Clause 苏伊士运河条款substitute vessel clause 替代船条款substantive law 实体法yuyangzi 2006-11-15 13:16subscription based sales 网上订阅模式submit a claim for compensation 提出赔偿要求submission to arbitration 提请仲裁；仲裁协议书sub-let clause 转租条款subject to shipping space available 以有舱位为准；无舱位时取消合同subject to availability of cargo 以货物备妥为准subassembly 组件；部件；部件装配stuffing plan 装箱计划stuffing operator 装箱人stuffing material 装填材料（集装箱）stuffing and destuffing volume 拆装箱量stuffing and destuffing shed 拆装箱库stuffing and destuffing percentage 拆装箱比stuffing and destuffing charge 拆装箱费stuffing and destuffing area 拆装箱作业场structure of goods traffic 货运方式strong compartment 固封舱strkes,riots and civil commotions （保）罢工、暴力和内乱strike clause 罢工条款stretch wrap 拉紧包装strengthened for heavy cargoes （船）重货加强甲板strength of the container 集装箱强度strength factor 强度系数street value 成交价格straw,willow,rush,products 草、柳、蒲制品strapping 捆扎strait 海峡straight sale 单边销售；单面销售straight lease 直接租赁straight insurance 一般险straight consignment b/I 直接提单；记名提单；收货人抬头提单straight bill of lading 记名提单；收货人抬头提单straight bill 光票straddler 跨车straddle truck 跨运车straddle lift method 跨运方法straddle crane 跨运吊车；跨式起重机；大龙门起重机straddle carrier system 跨运车装卸系统straddle carrier 跨运车；跨车stowage plan 积载图stowage on deck 甲板上装载stowage factor 货物积载因数stowage charges 理舱费stowage 堆装物stow in cool place 放于冷处stow away from boiler 勿近锅炉storing area 存放场store-carrying capability 载运能力；载运量store space 堆场store and retrieve 被动式存送store and forward 主动式存送storage rate 储存费率storage rack 贮藏架storage plan 贮藏计划storage place 堆栈；仓库storage goods 库存货物storage expenses 储存费；仓储费storage efficiency 储存效率storage decision 仓储决策storage cost 仓租；储存成本storage container 储料集装箱；储料容器storage battery 蓄电池storage aisle 仓储通道storage 保管；储存；仓库；货栈；栈租stopping charge 仓库费；保管费；储存费stopping area (仓库和码头)保管货物的面积stopping and transportation 储运stop valve 停汽阀；截止阀；断流阀stop an order 停止订货stoneware 石制品stone grain 石米stockyard 堆料场stocktaking 盘点；清货stocking and reclaiming bridge 装卸桥stockchase 催货stock yard of refrigerated 冷藏箱堆场stock taking 盘存；清货；盘点存货situation 形式；情况site plan 位置图；场地平面图Sino-foreign trade 中外贸易Sino/European container liner service 中国/欧洲集装箱班轮航线single-story warehouse 单层仓库single tariff 单式税则；单拦税率single lift container crane 单箱式集装箱起重机single girder crane 单梁起重机single factor rate 单一的运费率single faced pallet 单面托盘single deck pallet 单层托盘single dack(er) 单层甲板（船）simplex trading 单一结合型零售业simple moving average 简单易懂平均silo storage 筒仓储存silo pallet 筒式托盘silk carpets & tapestries 丝绒毯、挂毯silk,allkinds 各种丝silicon carbide rod 硅碳棒siliceous sand 石英砂silicate sodium 矽酸钠silica gel 硅胶significant 有效的；有意义的；重大的signature 签名；签署；署名signal lamp 信号灯signal generator 信号发生器signal 信号；通信sign a contract 签订合同sight draft 即期汇票side-loader 侧向装卸机side-discharging 侧面卸货；侧向卸货sideboard （装卸货用的）滑板；侧板side wall 侧壁side open container 侧开式集装箱side loader system 侧向装载机（装卸）系统side dump car 侧卸车side container crane 集装箱侧面吊运机Siberian Land Bridge 西伯利亚大陆桥shuttle freight train 循环货车列车shuttle car 梭车shut-out cargo 退关货shunting yard 调车场standard rubber 标准橡胶shunting charge 调车费shrink-pack 薄膜包装shrink wrap 收缩包装；热缩塑料包standard quantity 标准量short-landing 短卸shortlanded 短卸（货）standard quality 标准品质shortfall freight 亏舱运费standard pallet 标准化托盘shortage report 短卸证明书shortage 短装（货）；短卸（货）standard material price 标准材料价格shore(s) gantry crane 岸边高架移动起重机shore(s) container crane 岸边集装箱起重机standard generalized mark up language 标准通用标志用语shore tackle 岸吊shore crane charges 吊车费standard deviation 标准差；标准偏差shoes and footwear 鞋shock-absorber 减震器shipyard 造船厂；船坞shipstainer 船用集装箱龙门起重机standard dimension 标准尺寸ship’s papers 船上单据；船舶文件；船舶证件ship’s nationality 船舶国籍standard container 标准集装箱ship’s manifest 舱单；载货清单；轮船载货清单ship’s holiday 船假日standard 标准ship’s crane 船用起重机yuyangzi 2006-11-15 13:19stand on end 竖放ship’s classification 船级ship’s class 船级stand by 预备的；备用的；准备shipping weight final 装船重量为准；离岸重量为准stamp duty 印花税stale bill of lading 过期提单；失效提单stainless steel 不锈钢stacking rack 堆垛架shipping tag(s) 发货标签stacktainer 集装箱堆垛起重机shipping space 舱位；船位；吨位shipping papers 货运票据shipping package 运输包装；外包装stacking pallet 码垛托盘stacking charge 堆垛费stacking capability 堆码能力；叠放能力；最大叠码层数shipping manifest 航运舱单stacking area 堆场stacking 堆垛；堆码；堆置stacker/retriever system 存取系统Refrigerated container with removable equipment 装有可拆式制冷机组的冷藏集装箱Refrigerated container(expendable refrigerant) 消耗式冷剂冷藏集装箱Refrigerated container 冷藏集装箱stacker crane 堆垛起重机；自动存取机高架吊车Refrigerated compartment 冷藏库stock on hand 现货；库存存货Refrigerated carrier 冷藏船Refrigerated cargo 冷藏货物Refrigerated and heated container 冷藏和加热集装箱Refrigerated 冷冻的stacker 堆料机；堆垛机；堆码机Refrigerant 冷却剂Refractory materials 耐火材料Refined lead 精炼铅Refined antimony regulus 炼锑stacked packs 堆叠包装stack of containers 集装箱堆垛区stack machine 堆垛机stack height 堆码高度Reefer space 冷藏货舱位Reefer container yard 冷藏集装箱场stack 堆；垛Reefer container list 冷藏集装箱清单stabling zone 停车区Reefer container 冷藏集装箱stability 稳定性；稳定度Reduce the charge 减少费用spring balance 弹簧秤Reduce a price 减价Redelivery arrangement 重新装运安排spreader 集装箱吊具spreader 集装箱吊具stock market 证券市场spread beam （集装箱）吊具梁；跨接梁spread delivery 分期交货；延期交货Record of forwardings （货物）发送记录Record of container sealing/seal examining 集装箱验封或施封记录Record of arrivals 达到记录薄spot sale 现货销售spot purchase 买进现货spot market 现货市场Reconciliation 和解Reclamation 要求赔偿损失Reclaimed rubber 再生橡胶spot exchange rate 即期汇率Reciprocal trade 互惠贸易Reciprocal letter of credit 对开信用证Reciprocal barter 对开信用证易货Reception and departure 到发场站stock in trade 待销存货；商品存货Receprtacles for refrigerated container 冷藏集装箱箱堆场stock in hand 现货spot deal 即期交货；现货交易stock card 存货卡片sport goods & amusement,n.o.e 体育及娱乐用品stillage 台架spontaneous ignition temperature 自然温度；自燃点spongy manufactures 海绵制品spoilage rate 废品率split traffic 分段收费的运输speedtainer system 集装箱快速装卸系统；集装箱快速装卸方式stereoscopic warehouse 立体仓库speedier and regular liner 快速定期班轮speed up of container ship 高速集装箱船speculation buying 投机性购买specification 规范；规格；说明书specific purpose container 专用集装箱specific gravity 比重specific cargo container 特种货物集装箱special store 专卖店special train 专用列车steel rail 钢轨special trade 专门贸易special rate 特价；特殊运价special railway line 专用铁路线special purpose car 专用车辆special policy 特种保险单steel container 钢制集装箱special license 特别许可证special equipment charges 特殊设备费用steamship company 轮船公司special drawing right 特别提款权steam turbine 汽轮机special container list 特种集装箱清单special container for cattle carrier 牲畜专用集装箱steam 蒸汽steam 蒸汽steady market 市场坚稳；价格稳定special container for automobile carrier 汽车专用集装箱statistics of trade 贸易统计special container 专用集装箱；特种集装箱special commodity rate 特种商品运价special charges 特殊费用；特别费用special cargo rate 特种货物运价statistical return 统计报表special cargo container 特种货物集装箱special cargo 特种货物；特别货物special car 专用车special 特殊的；专门的speaker 扬声器spatial adjustment 空间调整statistical method 统计方法statistical data 统计资料spare parts store 备件仓库statistical analysis 统计分析stationery 文具station working plan 车站作业计划spare parts 备用零件；备件station warehouse 货栈station to station 站到站（集装箱运输）spanner 扳手spacing of hatchway beam （船）舱口梁间距statin standing time 车站停留时间station platform 站台station pier 码头车站space for cargo 货物舱位station layout 站场布置；车站配置soybean 大豆；黄豆static load of car 货车净载量soybean phosphatide 大豆磷脂statement of missing goods 丢失货物说明书South Pacific 南太平洋statement of freight car movement 货车动态表South China Sea 中国南海statement of expenses 费用清单sound-recording tape 录音带statement of cash 现金收支表sound-insulating board 隔音板statement of account 对账单；账单yuyangzi 2006-11-15 13:21state-fixed price 牌价；国家制定的价格sorting and segregating 递送前对商品分类state trading 国营贸易state tax 国税state refrigeration charge 规定冷藏费state railway 国有铁路sortation 分货sophora japonica 槐米state price 规定价格stare of goods 货物状况state of economey 国家经济state bank 国家银行solid bulk container 散货集装箱start 开始；起动starches 淀粉；淀粉类食物starboard 右舷；右侧sole selling agent 独家销售代理商；总代理商staple stock 主要存货standing time 停留时间standing charge 固定费用sole agency 独家代理；独家代理机构stand-by time record 待时记录soft-ware 软件standardization of tariffs 标准运价率soft market 疲软市场；供过于求的市场standardization of specification 规格标准化standardization of packing 出口商品包装标准化standardization 标准化standanrd transportation commodity code 标准运输商品码standanrd time 标准时间standanrd temperature 标准温度soft cast iron 软铸件；软铁sodium hydroxide(caustic soda) 氢氧化钠(烧碱）soda water 汽水soda ash 纯碱soda 苏打Societe Generale de Surveillance 瑞士商品检验公司social cost 社会成本soap 肥皂smart card 智能卡small-size collapsible (or folding) container 小型折叠式集装箱small scale business 小规模营业small profit quick return 薄利多得；薄利快速周转small parts storage 小零件储存small packing 小包装small office home office 知识打工族；居家办公small metal container 小型金属集装箱sluggish market 呆滞的市场slotted_angle shelving 角钢架slot capacity of a trunk 车辆箱位数slot capacity of a ship 船舶箱位数slot capacity of a container yard 堆场箱位数sliding boom container crane 活动吊臂式集装箱起重机slat conveyor 条板式输送机（带）slack season 淡季slack period 运输淡季skeletal trailer 框架式拖车skeletal semi-trailer 框架式半拖车size and type code of container 集装箱尺寸和类型代号standanrd tariff 统一运价表package 包装；件；软件包Pacific West Bound Conference 太平洋西行班轮公会Pacific standard time 太平洋标准时间Pacific Ocean 太平洋Pacific coasts 太平洋沿岸oxidizing agent 氧化剂oxide aluminium 氧化铝oxalic acid 草酸owners to provide clause 出租人提供的事项条款owner's risk of leakage （保）漏损由货主负责；货主自负移动风险owner's risk of damage （保）货主自负损坏风险；损失由货主负责owner's risk of breakage （保）货主自负破损风险owner's responsibility clause 出租人责任条款owner's responsibilities and exceptions 出租人的责任与免则条款owner's declaration 船东申报单owners'account 船舶所有人帐户；船东帐户own brand goods 自有品牌商品overseas transportation 海外运输；远洋运输overseas trade 海外贸易；对外贸易overseas market 海外市场overload 过载；超载overlap pallet 纵梁板重叠托盘overlanded & shortlanded cargo list 货物溢短单overlanded 溢卸overland transportation 陆地运输；横贯大陆运输overland transit empty （集装箱）外地空箱回送overland insurance 陆运保险overland freight 陆路货运overland conveyor 地面输送机；陆上输送机overland common point 内陆共同（交货）点；水陆联运转换点overheight container 超高集装箱overhead traveling crane 桥式起重机overhead crane 高架起重机；桥式起重机overhead conveyor 高架输送机；架空输送机overhaul 检修；大修over-forecasting 过高预测over-flow cargo 超溢货物overcoat 大衣overall length 全长；总长度overall dimension 最大尺度；总尺寸overall analysis 全面分析overage vessel 超龄船over packaging 过度包装over loading 超载over loaded/short loaded list 集装箱溢短单over length additional 超长附加费over lap 超期；重叠；搭接over dimension of container 集装箱外形尺寸outward documentary bill 出口跟单票据；出口押汇outward clearance 出口许可证outside storage 外部储存outside post type container 外柱式集装箱outside diameter 外径outrigger rising-cab turret trucks 摇摆门架型叉车output-input ratio 产出投入比率outpacking 外包装outline drawing (map,sketch) 略图；草图outlay 支出；经费；费用outgoing train 出发列车outgoing container stuffing percentage 港口出口装箱化outgoing container average storage period 出口箱平均堆存天数outer road 港外泊地outer packing 外包装；运输包装outer harbo(u)r 外港outdoor yard 露天堆场out train 出发列车out traffic 出境运输out dial 主动式存送out board 舷外（的），船外（的），在外舷originating station 始发站；起运站originating exchange office 发送局original receiving charges 装货港收货费original net premium （保）原始净保险费original equipment manufacturer 原始设备制造商original data 原始材料；原始数据original consignment note 货物运单正本original condition as original(conditions as per original policy) 保险条件按原保险单规定original certificate 货物原产地证original bill of lading 正本提单original 原始的；最初的；正本；原本organizational measure 组织措施Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织Organization for Trade Cooperation 贸易合作组织ore-slurry-oil carrier 矿石、矿浆和石油多用途运输船ore-oil carrier 矿石-石油（两用运输）船ore-handling bridge 矿石装卸桥ore-bulk-oil carrier 矿石-散货-石油（多用途运输）船ore-bulk-container carrier 矿石-集装箱两用运输船ore-bulk carrier 矿石-散货（两用运输）船ore yard 矿石堆场yuyangzi 2006-11-15 13:24ore wagon 矿石搬运车ore terminal 矿石码头ore stacker 矿石堆垛机；堆矿机ore grain carrier 矿石谷物运输船ore grab 矿石抓斗Ore Charter Party Scandinavia-Germany and Continent 斯堪的纳维亚半岛德和大陆矿砂租船合同ore carrier 装载矿砂的散装货船ore and bulk carrier 矿砂散装货兼用船ordinary wear and tear 自然损耗ordinary expenditure 经常费用ordinary container 普通集装箱ordinance 法令；规定；条例order quantity 订货量；订户批量diversion charge 更改卸货港费用District of Colombia 哥伦比亚特区distributor contract 经销合同distributor brand 经销商品牌distribution warechouse 配送仓库distribution resource planning 配送资源计划distribution requirements planning 配送需求计划；分销需求计划distribution channel 分销渠道distribution center built by wholesaler 批发物流中心distribution center built by retailer 零售物流中心distribution center built by maker 制造物流中心distribution center built by catalog saler 直销物流中心distress sale 廉价抛售distant delivery 远期交货distance-to-run 需要运行的距离double-deck car carrier 双层货运车double stack train 双层集装箱列车order pick storage area 订单拣货区double girder crane 双梁起重机double faced pallet 双面托盘double botton tank 双层底舱door to door percentage 门到门比door door containerization 门到集装箱化；全程运输集装箱化order management software 订单管理软件door to container yard 门到集装箱堆场door to container freight station 门到集装箱货运站order bill of lading 指示提单；指定人提单；装货人抬头提单door seal gasket 箱门密封垫door seal 箱门铅封orange juice 橙汁orange 橙；橙色optional surcharge 选卸港附加费optional replenishment system 可选补给系统optional port 任意港；选择港optional fee 选港费optional discharge b/I 任选卸货港提单；选择提单door header （集装箱）门楣optional destination additional 选择卸货港附加费optional cargo 选港货物；任选货物optional bill of lading 选择提单；任意卸货港提单optional additional 选择港口附加费don' cast 勿掷optional 任选的；随意的；选港的Dommodity Inspecting and Testing Bu-reau 商品检验局optical scanner 光学扫描机optical mark reader 光学符号读取器dominant factor 主要因素optical instrument 光学仪器optical fiber 光导纤维domestic traffic 国内运输opitcal fiber cable 光缆domestic market price 国内市场价格optical character recognition 光学字符识别技术optical 光学的domestic container 国内集装箱domestic carriage 国内运输operator 操作人员；管理人；报务员；话务员domestic animal 家畜operative plan 作业计划operational requirements 使用要求operational organization 运营组织domain name 域名operation research 运筹学operation of vehicles 车辆运用documents on customs clearance 结关文件documents against payment 付款交单documents against cash 付款交单documents against acceptance 承兑交单operation of straddle carrier 跨运车装卸（集装箱）作业documentary sight draft 即期跟单汇票operation of station 车站作业operation of rail road 铁路运营documentary sale 跟单销售operation of container terminal 集装箱码头作业documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证documentary collection 跟单托收operation gear 操作装置；运转传动装置documentary bill 跟单汇票operation department 运营部门；运营处operation capacity of railway container yard 铁路集装箱场作业能力document of carriage 运输；凭证；运输票证document for intermodal transport 多式联运单据operation area 理货区operation and management 经营管理dockside road 码头道路operation 操作；作业；运转dockside crane 岸壁起重机dockside container crane 岸边集装箱起重机operating system 操作系统operating repair 日常维修dockboard 跳板dock warrant 码头收据；码头收货单dock unloader 码头卸货机operating regin (or zone) 作业区dock railway 港区铁路；港内铁路operating personnel 管理人员；服务人员operating life 使用寿命operating lease 经营租赁dock face 码头前沿operating instructions 使用说明书；操作规程；业务规章dock dues and shipping 码头费和装运费operating cost 运营（营业）成本operating condition 使用条件；运营条件；作业状况operating charges 运营费operating authority 经营权operating area 作业区open-top (soft top) container 开顶（软顶）集装箱open-top(hard top)container 开顶（硬顶）集装箱dock charges 码头费opening quotation 开市价；开盘价；开盘行市dock charge on goods 货物港务费opening bank （信用证）开证银行dock board 港务局dock basin 港池do the formalities 办手续do not stow in damp place 勿放潮处；勿放湿处open-hatch container ship 敞口集装箱船do not stake on top 勿放顶上open way container 敞顶集装箱；开顶集装箱open wall container with roof 实顶侧开集装箱open top container 敞顶集装箱；开顶集装箱do not load or store near steam pipes of other source of heat 切勿靠近蒸汽管或其他热源装载或推存open stockyard 露天堆场open stacking area 露天堆场do not load near inflammables,oxidizers and explosives 不能靠近易燃品、氧化物和爆炸品装载open side container 侧壁全开集装箱open container 开顶集装箱open charter 货港未定租船合同；预约租船合同diversion clause 变更卸货港条款online bank 在线银行inland waterway bill of lading 内河水online analytical processing 线上分析处理inland water-borne transport 内地水运on-band inventory 现有存货on-band balance 实际存货one-way trip 单程one-way only 单行道yuyangzi 2006-11-15 13:26inland water ways 内河水道；内陆航道one-way flexible container 一次使用的软性集装箱inland water transportation 内河航运；内河运输one-way 单向（的）one-trip pallet 一次性托盘inland transport 内陆运输inland trade 国内贸易one-on-one stacking 双层叠放one way traffic 单程交通inland rail depot(container transport) 内陆铁路货运站（集装箱运输) inland points 内陆点inland point intermodal 内陆点联运inland place of discharge 内陆卸货地点inland marine insurance 内陆运输保险；内陆水险one way pallet 单向进叉的托盘inland haulage charge 内地运输费inland forwarding expenses 内地运费one way fare 单程费inland depot 内地货运站；内地仓库；设置在内地的集装箱货物站one dimensional bar code 一维条形码on-call air pick up 通过电话提供当天收取的航空服务inland customs dues 国内关税inland customs 内陆海关inland custom-home 内地海关inland container freight station 内陆集装箱集散站on season 旺季inland container depot 公路集装箱中转站on sale 销售的；出售的inland clearance depot 内陆运输保税货站on railway 火车上交货on plan 按计划inland bill of lading 内陆提单on load/off-load 装卸时间inland 内地；国内的；内地的；内陆的on hand 库存injection-moulding machines 注塑机initial station 列车始发站initial period 初期initial custom house entry 原始报关单initial cost 原价；基本建设费；开办费on deck carriage 甲板上载货运输initial carrier(s) 最初承运人on deck bill of lading 舱面货提单initial a contract 草签合同on clean bill,collection 光票托收on bound traffic 入境交通；入境运输infrared 红外线；红外线的on board bill of lading 已装船提单；装运提单informative brochure 产品说明书on board 已装船（机）；在船（机）上informational processing 信息处理on account 记帐；赊帐；挂帐information technology 信息产业；信息技术omniplex trading 全面结合型零售业information systems security 信息系统安全omni TRACS 集成的物流移动信息管理系统，俗称为全线通information superhighway 信息高速公路information flow 信息流information bank 资料库information 情报；信息；资料oil,industrial all kinds 工业用油oil temperature 油温oil tanker 油船oil pollution damage 油污损害oil gauge 油量计；油压计；油位表infobahn 信息高速公路inflow of bank deposit 银行存款的增加oil drainage 泄油；排油；放油inflammable shed 充气式仓库inflammable compressed gas 易燃压缩气体inflammable cargo 易燃货物inflammable 可燃的；易燃的offshore purchase 国外购买offset printing machinery 胶印机inferior quality 劣品；次品official parking area 停车场infant products 婴儿产品official acceptance 正式验收industrial vehicle 工业车辆industrial truck 工业用货车office of destination 目的地办事处industrial robots for multiple uses 多功能工业机器人industrial property 工业产权industrial park 工业园区office automation 办公自动化industrial packaging 工业包装industrial management 工业管理office appliance 办公用品industrial goods 工业产品industrial enterprise 工业企业industrial door 工业门。
对二手网站的看法作文英文
对二手网站的看法作文英文Title: My Opinion on Second-hand WebsitesIn recent years, second-hand websites have become increasingly popular among consumers seeking to buy or sell used items. These platforms provide a convenient andcost-effective way to access a wide range of products, from clothing and electronics to household goods and furniture. As someone who has used second-hand websites on several occasions, I have developed a positive view of these platforms and believe they offer a number of benefits to both buyers and sellers.One of the main advantages of second-hand websites is the opportunity to find high-quality items at a fraction of the cost of buying new. Many people are reluctant to purchase used items due to concerns about their condition, but the reality is that many second-hand products are in excellent shape and have plenty of life left in them. By buying used goods, consumers can save money while also reducing waste and minimizing their environmental impact.Second-hand websites also offer a great way for sellers to declutter their homes and make some extra cash in the process.Rather than throwing unwanted items away, individuals can list them for sale on a second-hand platform and connect with buyers who are interested in purchasing them. This not only helps to reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, but also provides sellers with an opportunity to earn money from items they no longer need or use.Furthermore, second-hand websites can be a goldmine for bargain hunters and treasure seekers. It's not uncommon to come across unique or rare items on these platforms that are no longer available in stores. Whether you're searching for vintage clothing, collectibles, or one-of-a-kind furniture pieces, second-hand websites can be a great place to discover hidden gems that you wouldn't find elsewhere.Despite the many benefits of second-hand websites, it's important to exercise caution when using these platforms. It's a good idea to thoroughly inspect items before making a purchase, ask sellers for additional photos or information if necessary, and read reviews or feedback from other buyers to ensure a positive shopping experience. Additionally, it's crucial to be aware of potential scams or fraudulent activity on second-hand websites and take steps to protect your personal information and financial details while using these platforms.In conclusion, I believe that second-hand websites are a valuable resource for both buyers and sellers looking to save money, declutter their homes, and find unique items that aren't readily available in stores. By shopping on these platforms, consumers can reduce their environmental impact, support a more sustainable lifestyle, and enjoy the thrill of discovering hidden treasures. As long as precautions are taken to ensure a safe and secure transaction, second-hand websites can be a great way to shop responsibly and sustainably in today's consumer-driven society.。
关于二手物品交易的英文作文
关于二手物品交易的英文作文In today's fast-paced world, the concept of second-hand trading has gained significant traction. It's not just about saving money; it's also about sustainability and giving new life to items that might otherwise be discarded.The second-hand market is a treasure trove for bargain hunters. From vintage clothing to pre-owned electronics, there's something for everyone. It's a place where you can find unique items that tell a story, often at a fraction of the original cost.However, buying second-hand comes with its own set of challenges. Trustworthiness is a key concern. Buyers must be vigilant to ensure they are not purchasing counterfeit or damaged goods. Researching the seller and checking reviews can provide a sense of security.Selling second-hand items can be just as rewarding. It's an opportunity to declutter and make space for new things while also earning some extra cash. It's a win-win situation that benefits both the seller and the environment.One of the most popular platforms for second-hand trading is online marketplaces. They provide a convenient space where buyers and sellers can connect from the comfort of their own homes. Yet, with convenience comes the need for caution, as scams can be prevalent in these virtual spaces.The art of negotiation is often part and parcel of second-hand transactions. Buyers and sellers alike must be prepared to discuss prices and terms. It's a dance of give and take that can lead to a mutually beneficial agreement.Education is crucial in the world of second-hand trading. Knowing the value of an item, its condition, and the market demand can make all the difference in a successful transaction. Being well-informed is the key to a smooth and satisfying experience.In conclusion, second-hand trading is a vibrant and dynamic sector that offers a myriad of opportunities. It's a testament to the power of reuse and the spirit of community. With the right approach and a bit of savvy, it can be an enriching experience for all involved.。
卖二手物品英语作文
卖二手物品英语作文Selling Second-Hand Items: A Sustainable and Profitable VentureIn today's fast-paced world, where consumerism is at an all-time high, the concept of selling second-hand items has gained significant traction. From individuals looking to declutter their homes to eco-conscious consumers seeking to reduce their environmental footprint, the demand for pre-owned goods has steadily increased. Selling second-hand items not only provides a sustainable alternative to purchasing brand-new products but also offers a lucrative opportunity for those looking to earn extra income.One of the primary advantages of selling second-hand items is the positive impact it has on the environment. The production of new goods often requires the extraction and processing of raw materials, which can lead to significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. By opting to sell or purchase pre-owned items, individuals can help reduce the demand for new products, ultimately reducing the strain on natural resources and the carbon footprint associated with manufacturing processes. This aligns with thegrowing global movement towards a more sustainable and environmentally conscious way of living.Furthermore, selling second-hand items can be a financially rewarding endeavor. Many individuals find themselves with possessions that they no longer use or need, taking up valuable space in their homes. By selling these items, they can not only declutter their living spaces but also generate additional income. This can be particularly beneficial for those who are looking to supplement their primary source of income or save for a specific goal, such as a vacation, a down payment on a house, or retirement.When it comes to the process of selling second-hand items, there are various platforms and channels available to sellers. Online marketplaces such as eBay, Craigslist, and Facebook Marketplace have become increasingly popular, as they provide a vast audienceof potential buyers and often have user-friendly interfaces for listing and managing sales. These platforms typically charge a small commission or fee for each successful transaction, but the convenience and reach they offer can outweigh the costs.In addition to online platforms, local consignment shops, garage sales, and flea markets can also be excellent avenues for selling second-hand items. These physical venues allow sellers to interact directly with customers, providing an opportunity to showcase theirproducts and negotiate prices. Furthermore, these local events often attract a loyal customer base, increasing the likelihood of successful sales.When preparing to sell second-hand items, it is essential for sellers to consider several factors to ensure a positive experience for both themselves and the buyers. Firstly, it is crucial to thoroughly inspect the condition of the items and provide accurate and detailed descriptions. This builds trust with potential buyers and helps to set realistic expectations. Additionally, pricing the items competitively, yet fairly, can help to attract buyers and ensure a fair return on the seller's investment.Another important aspect of selling second-hand items is the packaging and shipping process. For online sales, sellers must carefully package the items to protect them during transit and provide tracking information to buyers. This not only enhances the overall customer experience but also helps to build a positive reputation for the seller, increasing the likelihood of repeat business and positive reviews.Beyond the financial and environmental benefits, selling second-hand items can also have a positive impact on the local community. By participating in community-based events, such as garage sales or flea markets, sellers can connect with their neighbors, fostering asense of community and supporting local businesses. Additionally, some sellers choose to donate a portion of their earnings to charitable organizations, further contributing to the greater good.In conclusion, selling second-hand items is a sustainable and profitable venture that offers numerous benefits to both sellers and buyers. From reducing environmental impact to generating additional income, the practice of selling pre-owned goods has become increasingly popular and relevant in today's society. By embracing the opportunities presented by the second-hand market, individuals can not only declutter their homes but also contribute to a more sustainable and economically vibrant future.。
英语作文卖二手商品范文
英语作文卖二手商品范文In today's fast-paced world, consumerism has led to a throwaway culture where items are discarded after a short period of use. However, the trend of selling second-hand goods is gaining momentum as a more sustainable and economically viable alternative. This essay will explore the benefits of selling second-hand items and offer some tips for those looking to partake in this environmentally friendly practice.Firstly, selling second-hand items is an excellent way to reduce waste. Many products are still functional after their initial use, and by selling them, we can extend their life cycle. This not only minimizes the amount of waste that ends up in landfills but also conserves the resources that were used to produce these items in the first place.Secondly, second-hand sales can be financially rewarding. People often find that they can recoup a portion of their initial investment by selling items they no longer need. This is particularly beneficial in a time when financial prudence is crucial. Moreover, buyers are also attracted to second-hand markets for the cost savings they offer.Thirdly, the process of selling second-hand items can be streamlined through various online platforms. Websites and apps dedicated to buying and selling used goods have made it easier than ever to find a new home for your unwantedpossessions. These platforms also offer a level of security and convenience that traditional second-hand sales may lack.When selling second-hand items, it's important to consider the following tips:1. Clean and Repair: Before listing an item, ensure it is clean and in good working order. Minor repairs can significantly increase the item's value.2. Accurate Description: Provide a detailed and honest description of the item's condition. This builds trust with potential buyers and can prevent disputes.3. Competitive Pricing: Research similar items to price your product competitively. Overpricing can lead to your item lingering unsold.4. High-Quality Photos: Use clear, well-lit photos to showcase your item from different angles. This helps buyers assess the condition and features of the product.5. Safe Transactions: Choose secure methods of payment and meet buyers in safe, public places if a face-to-face transaction is necessary.In conclusion, selling second-hand items is a win-win situation for both the seller and the environment. It promotes a circular economy, reduces waste, and can provide financial benefits. By following best practices for selling, individuals can contribute to sustainability while alsodecluttering their lives and potentially making some money in the process.。
英语作文-二手交易市场：方便居民出售和购买二手物品
英语作文-二手交易市场：方便居民出售和购买二手物品In the heart of the city, a bustling second-hand market thrives, offering a sustainable and economical option for residents to buy and sell pre-owned items. This marketplace, a treasure trove of history and value, stands as a testament to the community's commitment to recycling and reusing goods, thereby reducing waste and promoting environmental consciousness.The market's charm lies in its diversity, with stalls and online listings featuring items ranging from vintage furniture and antique collectibles to electronics and clothing. Each piece tells a story, and savvy shoppers can find unique items that add character and history to their homes or personal collections.Sellers at the market benefit from the opportunity to declutter their homes and earn extra income. The process is straightforward: they simply set up a stall or list their items online, providing detailed descriptions and fair pricing. The community-centric nature of the market ensures that transactions are not just exchanges of goods but also social interactions, fostering a sense of trust and camaraderie among participants.Buyers, on the other hand, enjoy the thrill of the hunt, often stumbling upon rare finds at bargain prices. The market serves as a hub for those who appreciate the quality and craftsmanship of older items, as well as for those looking to furnish their living spaces on a budget. The second-hand market also caters to hobbyists and collectors, who can find discontinued models or rare editions to complete their collections.The environmental impact of the second-hand market cannot be overstated. By giving items a second life, the market helps reduce the demand for new products, thus saving resources and energy required for manufacturing. This circular economy model is a step towards a more sustainable future, where consumption is mindful, and goods are valued for their longevity.Moreover, the market is a place of learning and exchange. It's not uncommon to find sellers who are passionate about their offerings, sharing the history and significance of their items with interested buyers. This exchange of knowledge enriches the shopping experience, making it more than just a transaction—it becomes an educational journey.The second-hand market also plays a vital role in supporting the local economy. It provides a platform for small business owners and independent sellers to reach a wider audience without the overhead costs associated with traditional retail. This democratization of commerce empowers individuals and promotes economic diversity within the community.In conclusion, the second-hand market is a vibrant ecosystem that offers numerous benefits to residents. It facilitates the sale and purchase of pre-owned items in a manner that is convenient, economical, and environmentally friendly. As a community-driven initiative, it strengthens social bonds, supports local economies, and encourages sustainable living practices. The second-hand market is not just a place to shop; it's a movement towards a more conscious and connected way of life. 。
二手交易市场 On Second-hand Transaction_英语作文
二手交易市场On Second-hand TransactionSecond-hand transaction isenjoying an enlarging market nowadays. Some people are in favor of second-handtransaction while others take an opposite side. As far as I am concerned, wecannot afford to ignore the chance to turn the waste into treasure and accessto affordable products.现在而搜交易市场的规模越来越大。
有些人喜欢二手交易，然而有些人持反面观点。
就我看来，我们不能无视变废为宝，还有买能支付得起的产品的机会。
Onthe one hand, second-hand transaction obtains approval from both sellers andbuyers. Firstly, in the seller’s eyes, the products which little or no use tothem but still have the potential to be used by others, which turns the wasteinto treasure. Secondly, from the buyer’s side, some of them can not afford thenew products they need urgently. Thus, buying secondhand goods is a veryeffective and provident approach. On the other hand, the demerits ofsecond-hand products are as plain as Salisbury, and the most obvious oneconcerns the quality-related issue. Some of the second-hand products are ofinferior quality or just fake goods that are brought from theunscrupulousbusinessmen.就一方面来说，二手交易能让卖家与卖家都获利。
高考英语作文范文精选：MyViewonSecond-handGoods
高考英语作文:My View on Second-hand Goods高考英语作文范文精选:My View on Second-hand Goods二手商品之我见 My View on Second-hand GoodsIn recent years, second-hand transactions have become quite common. Nowadays there are more and more secondhand goods in the market, such as secondhand books, furniture, appliances, cars, and so on. Why do so many people like to buy secondhand goods?近几年，二手交易已经变得很普遍。
现在市场上有越来越多的二手商品，比如二手书，家具，电器，汽车等等。
为什么这么多人喜欢买二手商品呢？The following reasons can account for this phenomenon. Above all, secondhand goods are cheaper than new ones. This enables those people who have poor financial abilities to buy the things they want. Moreover, secondhand goods transactions make it possible for people to make good use of the goods which may be useless in their hands. Besides, Internet provides a more convenient and quicker transaction platform for secondhand goods.以下原因可以解释这一现象。
【英语作文】二手交易市场 On Second hand Transaction
【英语作文】二手交易市场 On Second hand Transaction在当前社会经济不断发展的情况下，二手交易市场逐渐成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
二手交易市场的兴起源于人们对物品二次利用和资源再循环的需求，同时也在促进消费者之间的交流和资源共享方面发挥着重要作用。
本文将从二手交易市场的定义、作用及发展现状等方面展开分析，探讨二手交易市场在社会中的地位和意义。
二手交易市场指的是由消费者自发性组织起来的购买、出售、交换和赠与各类二手商品的市场。
这些商品涵盖了包括衣物、鞋帽、电器、家具、书籍、玩具等在内的各类物品。
二手交易市场通常以线上平台和线下交易市场为主要交易场所，消费者可以通过各种途径方便地找到所需的二手商品。
二手交易市场在社会中发挥着重要的作用。
一方面，二手交易市场为消费者提供了更多元和便利的购物选择。
在这里，人们可以买到价格更为实惠的二手商品，并满足他们对品质生活的需求。
二手交易市场也是资源再循环的重要平台。
通过二手交易市场，很多原本被废弃的物品得以再次被使用，减少了资源的浪费，有利于环保和可持续发展。
二手交易市场也促进了消费者之间的交流和资源共享，有助于建立更加和谐和共享的社会。
随着互联网技术和线上消费方式的不断普及，二手交易市场正逐渐向线上平台转移。
像闲鱼、转转这样的线上二手交易平台成为了人们寻找、购买二手商品的重要途径。
通过线上平台，消费者可以避免地域和时间的限制，随时随地方便地进行交易。
而且，线上交易还能够更好地保证交易的安全和可靠性。
与此线上二手交易市场也为很多人提供了创业和就业的机会，推动了就业和经济发展。
二手交易市场的兴起不仅满足了人们对品质生活和物质需求的追求，同时也促进了资源的再利用和资源共享，有利于推动社会经济的发展。
我们相信，在未来的发展中，二手交易市场还会继续发挥越来越重要的作用。
我们应该更加重视和支持二手交易市场的发展，注重提高其服务和管理水平，推动其健康有序的发展。
校园二手书交易系统
校园二手书交易系统设计课程名称：院系名称：专业班级：指导老师:姓名：学号：I摘要当今社会，电子商务是一个热点。
而电子商务的一个最基本的体现就是网上销售，网络销售具有快捷方便的特征。
电子商务的出现，给消费者的地位，消费观念带来了重要的变化。
电子商务的网上实践，是从网上销售开始的，“校园二手书网络交易”打破了传统的销售形式，将商店和网络结合，是一种典型的购物网站运用。
校园二手书网络交易系统有着其他形式的网上书店所不能比拟的优势：图书来源于学生，交易给学生，因此价格比较便宜。
“校园二手书网络交易”利用页面、脚本程序来实现二手书的进货管理、销售管理、库存管理等操作。
“校园二手书网络交易”由前台选购、后台管理两大部分组成,会员可以通过前台进行自由购物，操作流程非常简单明了，管理员可以通过后台管理系统进行二手书的管理、会员的管理、订单管理等各种综合性操作。
本论文介绍了校园二手书交易系统的设计与实现过程，重点描述了管理模块的实现方法。
网站开发采用了ASP的动态网页开发技术，结合Access数据库的使用，完成了注册登录、商品搜索、购物车、留言板、后台管理等功能。
关键词：电子商务；二手书交易；管理系统IIAbstractIn this society, electronic commerce is a hot spot. Electronic commerce most basic manifests is on-line sale. In fact electronic commerce's appearance, for consumer's status, expended the idea to bring the important change. Electronic commerce's on-line is practice, starts from on-line sale, “on-line second-hand books sale” has broke n the traditional sales form, the store and the network union is one kind of typical shopping website utilization. The university student two handwritten letter transaction system has the superiority which the other form's on-line bookstore cannot compare: The books originate from the student, the sale give the student, and the price is quite cheap. Using the page, the script procedure realizes “the books” operations and so on purchase control, sales management, stock management. Second-hand books sale on-line is selects and purchases, the backstage by the onstage to manage two major part is composed. The manager may through the backstage management system management system, carry on the commodity information and so on management, member's management, order form management synthesis operations, the member may carry on the free shopping through the onstage, has facilitated the user application greatly, and simplified the operation flow.This paper introduces the design and development process of campus secondhand books trading system, the article mainly describes the realization method of user management module. The development of website uses the ASP dynamic web development technology, combined with the use of Access database, completing the registration login, commodity search, shopping cart, message board, the realization of the function of management background, etc.Key words：electronic commerce;Second-hand books online transactions；Management systemIII目录摘要 (II)Abstract.............................................................................. II错误！未定义书签。
卖二手价格英语作文150
卖二手价格英语作文150In today's world of consumerism and fast-paced trends, the concept of buying and selling second-hand items has gained significant traction. Not only is it an environmentallyfriendly practice, but it also allows for the circulation of goods that may still hold value beyond their initial use. Writing an essay on selling second-hand items at the right price involves understanding the market, the item's worth,and the psychology of pricing. Here's a structured approachto such an essay:IntroductionBegin by introducing the topic and its relevance in thecurrent socio-economic context. Mention the benefits ofsecond-hand sales, such as sustainability and affordability.The Importance of PricingDiscuss the significance of pricing in the second-hand market. Explain how pricing can affect the saleability of an item and the balance between being competitive and ensuring a fair return.Determining the Value of Second-Hand ItemsExplain the factors that contribute to the value of an itemin the second-hand market. This could include the item's condition, demand, brand, and the age of the product.Market ResearchHighlight the importance of market research. Describe how checking similar items on various platforms can help insetting the right price.Psychological Pricing StrategiesDiscuss psychological pricing strategies, such as setting prices just below a round number (e.g., $49.99 instead of $50) to make the item seem more affordable.Negotiation and FlexibilityTalk about the inevitability of negotiation in second-hand sales and the importance of being flexible with pricing while still aiming for a desirable profit.The Role of Description and PresentationExplain how the way an item is presented and described can influence its perceived value. Good photos and an honest, detailed description can justify a higher price.Online vs. Offline SalesCompare the pricing strategies for online platforms versus offline sales, such as garage sales or flea markets. Discuss the different dynamics and expectations of buyers in these environments.Case StudiesInclude case studies or examples of successful second-hand sales, focusing on how the right pricing strategy contributed to the transaction.ConclusionSummarize the key points and emphasize the importance of pricing in the success of second-hand sales. Encourage readers to consider all aspects of pricing before listing an item for sale.Word Count: 150In conclusion, selling second-hand items at the right price is a delicate balance of market knowledge, item valuation, and psychological tactics. By understanding the value of an item and presenting it well, sellers can command a price that not only attracts buyers but also ensures a fair return on their investment. The art of pricing in the second-hand market is as much about strategy as it is about understanding the needs and desires of the buying public.。
校园电子商务—二手交易网站(英文)【范本模板】
Campus E—commerce - Second—hand Exchange WebsitePosted:2008-12-29 13：04：00 Browse：6523 作者:付长青[Abstract] online shopping has become more prevalent, the students can not be ignored is an online shopping group, the campus has a large secondary market and potential for development. This paper analyzes the significance of the establishment of the campus secondary trading networks, introducing secondary trading of the campus main functions of the site。
[Keywords：] secondary market secondary campus e-commerce trading networks1 Introductioncations in the growing popularity worldwide in many Web services，Web gives refreshing feeling，but it is here where the growing popularity of online shopping has been a lot of people through network shopping. The benefits of online shopping is that it can not pay rent, do not hire guys 24 hours a day at any time be able to carry out services。
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Second-hand transaction is enjoying an enlarging market nowadays. Some people are in favor of second-hand transaction while others take an opposite side. As far as I am concerned, we cannot afford to ignore the chance to turn the waste into treasure and access to affordable products.
现在而搜交易市场的规模越来越大。
有些人喜欢二手交易，然而有些人持反面观点。
就我看来，我们不能无视变废为宝，还有买能支付得起的产品的机会。
On the one hand, second-hand transaction obtains approval from both sellers and buyers. Firstly, in the seller’s eyes, the products which little or no use to them but still have the potential to be used by others, which turns the waste into treasure. Secondly, from the buyer’s side, some of them can not afford the new products they need urgently. Thus, buying secondhand goods is a very effective and provident approach. On the other hand, the demerits of second-hand products are as plain as Salisbury, and the most obvious one concerns the quality-related issue. Some of the second-hand products are of inferior quality or just fake goods that are brought from the unscrupulous businessmen.
就一方面来说，二手交易能让卖家与卖家都获利。
第一，在卖家的眼里，那些对他们只有一点，甚至一点用都没有的产品有可能别人用得上，这就能变废为宝。
第二，从买家那边来看，有些人支付不起他们急需的新品。
因此，买二手商品是一个有效，节省的方式。
从另一方面来看，二手商品的缺点显而易见，最明显的就是质量问题。
有些二手商品非常劣质，或有些根本就是从无良商家那里买来的伪劣产品。
Therefore, it is quite clear that second-hand transaction has merits as well as demerits. However, we should admit that the former outweighs the latter, so I suggest that relevant department could and should establish regulations and laws to standardize the potential market of second-hand transaction.
因此，现在非常清楚明了看到了二手交易的优缺点。
然而，我们应当承认前者大于后者，所以我提议有关部门可以也应该建立相关的条例和准则来规范这潜在的二手交易市场。