第一学期期末试题(一)
大学物理第一学期期末试题及答案
大学物理1期末试题及答案一、选择题(共21分) 1. (本题3分)质点沿半径为R 的圆周运动,运动学方程为232t θ=+ (SI) ,则t 时刻质点的角加速度和法向加速度大小分别为A. 4 rad/s 2 和4R m/s 2 ;B. 4 rad/s 2和16Rt 2 m/s 2 ;C. 4t rad/s 2和16Rt 2 m/s 2 ;D. 4t rad/s 2和4Rt 2 m/s 2 . [ ] 2. (本题3分)已知一个闭合的高斯面所包围的体积内电荷代数和0q ∑= ,则可肯定 A. 高斯面上各点电场强度均为零;B. 穿过高斯面上任意一个小面元的电场强度通量均为零;C. 穿过闭合高斯面的电场强度通量等于零;D. 说明静电场的电场线是闭合曲线. [ ] 3. (本题3分)两个同心均匀带电球面,半径分别为a R 和b R ( a b R R <), 所带电荷分别为a q 和b q .设某点与球心相距r ,当a b R r R <<时,取无限远处为零电势,该点的电势为 A. 014a b q q r ε+⋅π; B. 014a bq q rε-⋅π; C.014a b b q q r R ε⎛⎫⋅+ ⎪⎝⎭π; D. 014a b a b q q R R ε⎛⎫⋅+ ⎪⎝⎭π. [ ] 4. (本题3分)如图所示,流出纸面的电流为2I ,流进纸面的电流为 I ,该两电流均为恒定电流.H 为该两电流在空间各处所产生的磁场的磁场强度.d LH l ⋅⎰ 表示 H 沿图中所示闭合曲线L 的线积分,此曲线在中间相交,其正方向由箭头所示.下列各式中正确的是 A. d LH l I ⋅=⎰; B.d 3LH l I ⋅=⎰;C.d LH l I ⋅=-⎰; D.d 30LH l μI ⋅=⎰. [ ]5. (本题3分)如图所示,在竖直放置的长直导线AB 附近,有一水平放置的有限长直导线CD ,C 端到长直导线的距离为a ,CD 长为b ,若AB 中通以电流I 1,CD 中通以电流I 2,则导线CD 所受安培力的大小为:I 2 abC I 1(A) b I xI F 2102πμ=; (B) b I b a I F 210)(+=πμ; (C) a b a I I F +ln2=210πμ; (D) ab II F ln 2210πμ=. [ ] 6. (本题3分)面积为S 和2S 的两圆线圈1、2如图放置,通有相同的电流I .线圈1的电流所产生的通过线圈2的磁通用21Φ表示,线圈2的电流所产生的通过线圈1的磁通用12Φ表示,则21Φ和12Φ的大小关系为A. 12Φ;B. 2112ΦΦ>;C. 2112ΦΦ=;D. 211212ΦΦ=. [ ]7. (本题3分)(1) 对某观察者来说,发生在某惯性系中同一地点、同一时刻的两个事件,对于相对该惯性系作匀速直线运动的其它惯性系中的观察者来说,它们是否同时发生?(2) 在某惯性系中发生于同一时刻、不同地点的两个事件,它们在其它惯性系中是否同时发生?关于上述两个问题的正确答案是A. (1)同时,(2)不同时;B.(1)不同时,(2)同时;C. (1)同时,(2)同时;D. (1)不同时,(2)不同时. [ ] 二、填空题(共21分,每题3分) 8.(本题3分)质量 2 kg m = 的质点在力12F t i = (SI)的作用下,从静止出发沿x 轴正向作直线运动,前三秒内该力所作的功为_______________. 9(本题3分)长为l 、质量为M 的匀质杆可绕通过杆一端O 的水平光滑固定轴转动,转动惯量为213Ml ,开始时杆竖直下垂,如图所示.有一质量为m 的子弹以水平速度0v 射入杆上A 点,并嵌在杆中,23lOA =,则子弹射入后瞬间杆的角速度 =____________________. 10(本题3分)长为L 的直导线上均匀地分布着线电荷密度为λ的电荷,在导线的延长线上与导线一端相距 a 处的P 点的电势的大小为___________________.11(本题3分)长直电缆由一个圆柱导体和一共轴圆筒状导体组成,两导体中有等值反向均匀电流I 通过,其间充满磁导率为μ的均匀磁介质.介质中离中心轴距离为r 的某点处的磁场强度大小 ,磁感强度的大小 . 12(本题3分)一平面线圈由半径为0.2 m 的1/4圆弧和相互垂直的二直线组成,通以电流 2 A ,把它放在磁感强度为0.5 T 的均匀磁场中,线圈平面与磁场垂直时(如图),圆弧AC 段所受的磁力______________N ;线圈所受的磁力矩___________ Nm 。
高数(大一上)期末试题及答案
高数(大一上)期末试题及答案第一学期期末考试试卷(1)课程名称:高等数学(上)考试方式:闭卷完成时限:120分钟班级:学号:姓名:得分:一、填空(每小题3分,满分15分)1.lim (3x^2+5)/ (5x+3x^2) = 02.设 f''(-1) = A,则 lim (f'(-1+h) - f'(-1))/h = A3.曲线 y = 2e^(2t) - t 在 t = 0 处切线方程的斜率为 44.已知 f(x) 连续可导,且 f(x)。
0,f(0) = 1,f(1) = e,f(2) = e,∫f(2x)dx = 1/2ex,则 f'(0) = 1/25.已知 f(x) = (1+x^2)/(1+x),则 f'(0) = 1二、单项选择(每小题3分,满分15分)1.函数 f(x) = x*sinx,则 B 选项为正确答案,即当x → ±∞ 时有极限。
2.已知 f(x) = { e^x。
x < 1.ln x。
x ≥ 1 },则 f(x) 在 x = 1 处的导数不存在,答案为 D。
3.曲线 y = xe^(-x^2) 的拐点是 (1/e。
1/(2e)),答案为 C。
4.下列广义积分中发散的是 A 选项,即∫dx/(x^2+x+1)在区间 (-∞。
+∞) 内发散。
5.若 f(x) 与 g(x) 在 (-∞。
+∞) 内可导,且 f(x) < g(x),则必有 B 选项成立,即 f'(x) < g'(x)。
三、计算题(每小题7分,共56分)1.lim x^2(e^(2x)-e^(-x))/((1-cosx)sinx)lim x^2(e^(2x)-e^(-x))/((1-cosx)/x)*x*cosxlim x(e^(2x)-e^(-x))/(sinx/x)*cosxlim (2e^(2x)+e^(-x))/(cosx/x)应用洛必达法则)2.lim {arcsin(x+1) + arcsin(x-1) - 2arcsin(x)}/xlim {arcsin[(x+1)/√(1+(x+1)^2)] + arcsin[(x-1)/√(1+(x-1)^2)] - 2arcsin(x)/√(1+x^2)}lim {arcsin[(x+1)/√(1+(x+1)^2)] - arcsin(x/√(1+x^2)) + arcsin[(x-1)/√(1+(x-1)^2)] - arcsin(x/√(1+x^2))}lim {arcsin[(x+1)/√(1+(x+1)^2)] - arcsin(x/√(1+(x+1)^2)) + arcsin[(x-1)/√(1+(x-1)^2)] - arcsin(x/√(1+(x-1)^2))}lim {arcsin[(x+1)/√(1+(x+1)^2)] - arcsin[(x-1)/√(1+(x-1)^2)]} π/2 (应用洛必达法则)3.y = y(x) 由 x + y - 3 = 0 确定,即 y = 3 - x,因此 dy/dx = -1.4.f(x) = arctan(2x-9) - arctan(x-3) 的导数为 f'(x) = 1/[(2x-9)^2+1] - 1/[(x-3)^2+1],因此 f'(x)。
2022-2023学年人教部编版九年级语文第一学期期末测试题含答案
九年级语文试卷 第 1 页 共 15 页2022—2023学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测九年级 语文(说明:全卷分为A 卷和B 卷,A 卷满分100分,B 卷满分50分, 全卷满分150分。
考试时间120分钟)A 卷题 号 一 二 三 四 五 总 分 总分人 得 分题 号 一 二 三 四 总 分 总分人 得 分A 卷(共100分)第Ⅰ卷 选择题(共24分)一、基础知识(每小题3分,共12分)1.下面加点字注音全部正确的一项是( ) A .娉.婷(p īn ) 矗.立(zh í) 摇曳.(y è) 强聒.不舍(ɡu ō) B .宽宥.(y òu ) 佝.偻(ɡōu ) 麾.下(m í) 间.不容发(ji àn ) C .瑟.缩(s è) 恣睢.(su ī) 褴褛.(l ǚ) 自惭形秽.(hu ì) D .轻觑.(q ù) 鲜妍.(y ǎn ) 恪.守(k è) 喏喏..连声(r ě r ě) 2.下列语句中书写正确的一项是( )A .也许因为我们不过是小小的草民,即使怀有效仿的渴望,也总是可望而不可及,便以位卑宽宥了自己。
B .有人说:山穷水尽,走投无路,陷入绝境,等死而已,不能创造。
C .有些人有一种错觉,似乎优雅风度就是骄揉造作,是出于无聊,是附庸风雅,是毫无意义的扭捏作态。
D .用现代的话讲,凡做一件事,便忠于一件事,将全副精力集中到这事上头,一点不旁鹜,便是敬。
3.下列各句中,加点的成语使用无误的一项是( ) A .“敬业乐业”四个字,是人类生活的不二法门....。
B .春天的鳌山,百花齐放,万紫千红,好一派红装素裹....的绚丽景象。
C .听说猪肉价格下降,很多人前仆后继....的涌入超市疯狂采购,超市不得不增派人手维持秩序。
D .中国女排以11连胜夺得世界杯冠军,回国时,粉丝们箪食壶浆....,夹道相迎。
北师大版九年级数学第一学期期末试题及答案
北师大版九年级数学第一学期期末试题及答案一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,计24分.每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的)1.(3分)已知a、b、c、d是成比例线段,其中a=3,b=0.6,c=2,则线段d的长为()A.0.4B.0.6C.0.8D.42.(3分)如图所示的几何体,它的左视图是()A.B.C.D.3.(3分)如图,四边形ABCD与四边形AEFG是位似图形,点A是位似中心,且AC:AF=2:3,则四边形ABCD 与四边形AEFG的面积之比等于()A.2:3B.4:9C.1:4D.1:24.(3分)关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣3x+n=0没有实数根,则实数n的值可以为()A.0B.1C.2D.35.(3分)已知反比例函数y=,在下列结论中,不正确的是()A.图象必经过点(1,2)B.图象在第一、二象限C.图象在第一、三象限D.若x=2,则y=16.(3分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AC,BD相交于点O,若△AOB的面积是3,则矩形ABCD的面积是()A.6B.9C.12D.157.(3分)笼子里关着一只小松鼠(如图).笼子主人决定把小松鼠放归大自然,将笼子所有的门都打开,松鼠要先过第一道门(A或B),再过第二道门(C,D或E)才能出去,则松鼠走出笼子的路线是“先经过A门、再经过D门”的概率为()A.B.C.D.8.(3分)如图,△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,分别以AB,AC为边作正方形ABPQ,ACFH,BP交FH于点O.若BC=BF=2,则OP的长为()A.B.2C.D.2二、填空题(共5小题,每小题3分,计15分)9.(3分)已知关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣mx+6=0.其中一个解x=3,则m的值为.10.(3分)地面上有一支蜡烛,蜡烛前面有一面墙,王涛同学在蜡烛与墙之间运动,则他在墙上的投影长度随着他离墙的距离变小而(增大、变小).11.(3分)在一个布袋中装有只有颜色不同的a个小球,其中红球的个数为2,随机摸出一个球记下颜色后再放回袋中,通过大量重复实验后发现,摸到红球的频率稳定于0.2,那么可以推算出a大约是.12.(3分)如图,点A在反比例函数的图象上,点B在反比例函数的图象上,且AB∥x轴,点C、D在x轴上,若四边形ABCD为矩形,则它的面积为.13.(3分)如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,E是AB的中点,F在AD上,且AF:AD=1:3,EF交AC于G.若AC=40,则AG=.三、解答题(共13小题,计81分.解答应写出过程)14.(5分)解方程:y(y﹣7)+2y﹣14=0.15.(5分)画出如图所示的正三棱柱的三视图.16.(5分)如图,菱形ABCD的边长为4,∠B=60°,以AC为边长作正方形ACEF,求这个正方形的周长.17.(5分)已知反比例函数y=,当x<0时,y随x的增大而减小,求正整数m的值.18.(5分)在▱ABCD中,过点D作DE⊥AB于点E,点F在边CD上,DF=BE,连接AF,BF.求证:四边形BFDE是矩形.19.(5分)某游泳池有1200立方米水,设放水的平均速度为v立方米/小时,将池内的水放完需t小时.(1)求v关于t的函数表达式;(2)若要求在3小时之内把游泳池的水放完,则每小时应至少放水多少立方米?20.(5分)如图,延长正方形ABCD的一边CB至E,ED与AB相交于点F,过F作FG∥BE交AE于点G,求证:GF=FB.21.(6分)解读诗词(通过列方程算出周瑜去世时的年龄):大江东去浪淘尽,千古风流数人物,而立之年督东吴,早逝英年两位数,十位恰小个位三,个位平方与寿符,哪位学子算得快,多少年华属周瑜?诗词大意:周瑜三十岁当东吴都督,去世时的年龄是两位数,十位数字比个位数字小三,个位数字的平方等于他去世时的年龄.22.(7分)学习了相似三角形相关知识后,小明和同学们想利用“标杆”测量大楼的高度.如图,小明站立在地面点F处,他的同学在点B处竖立“标杆”AB,使得小明的头顶E、标杆顶端A、大楼顶端C在一条直线上(点F、B、D也在一条直线上).已知小明的身高EF=1.5米,“标杆“AB=2.5米,BD=23米,FB=2米,EF、AB、CD均垂直于地面BD.求大楼的高度CD.23.(7分)甲、乙两人去超市选购奶制品,有两个品牌的奶制品可供选购,其中蒙牛品牌有三个种类的奶制品:A:纯牛奶,B:酸奶,C:核桃奶;伊利品牌有两个种类的奶制品:D:纯牛奶,E:核桃奶.(1)甲从这两个品牌的奶制品中随机选购一种,选购到纯牛奶的概率是;(2)若甲喜爱蒙牛品牌的奶制品,乙喜爱伊利品牌的奶制品,甲、乙两人从各自喜爱的品牌中随机选购一种奶制品,请用列表法或画树状图法求出两人选购到同一种类奶制品的概率.24.(8分)如图,在△ABC中,D为AC延长线上一点,AC=3CD,∠CBD=∠A,过点D作DE∥AB交BC的延长线于点E.(1)求证:△ECD∽△EDB;(2)求△DCE与△ACB的周长比.25.(8分)如图,直角坐标系中,点B坐标为(6,0),且AO=AB=5,AH⊥x轴于点H,过B作BC⊥x轴交过点A的双曲线于点C,连接OC交AB于点D,交AH于点M.(1)求双曲线的表达式;(2)求的值.26.(10分)如图,点P是菱形ABCD的对角线BD上一点,连接CP并延长交AD于点E,交BA的延长线于点F.(1)求证:△APD≌△CPD;(2)求证:△APE∽△FP A;(3)若PE=4,PF=12,求PC的长.参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,计24分.每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的)1.(3分)已知a、b、c、d是成比例线段,其中a=3,b=0.6,c=2,则线段d的长为()A.0.4B.0.6C.0.8D.4【分析】由a、b、c、d四条线段是成比例的线段,根据成比例线段的定义,即可得=,又由a=3,b=0.6,c=2,即可求得d的值.【解答】解:∵a、b、c、d四条线段是成比例的线段,∴=,∵a=3,b=0.6,c=2,∴=解得:d=0.4.故选:A.【点评】此题考查了比例线段,此题比较简单,解题的关键是注意掌握比例线段的定义.2.(3分)如图所示的几何体,它的左视图是()A.B.C.D.【分析】根据从左边看得到的图形是左视图,可得答案.【解答】解:从左边看是两个同心圆,内圆要画成实线.故选:C.【点评】本题考查了简单几何体的三视图,从左边看得到的图形是左视图.3.(3分)如图,四边形ABCD与四边形AEFG是位似图形,点A是位似中心,且AC:AF=2:3,则四边形ABCD 与四边形AEFG的面积之比等于()A.2:3B.4:9C.1:4D.1:2【分析】根据位似图形的概念得到EF∥BC,证明△BAC∽△EAF,根据相似三角形的性质求出,根据相似多边形的性质计算即可.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD与四边形AEFG是位似图形,∴四边形ABCD∽四边形AEFG,EF∥BC,∴△BAC∽△EAF,∴==,∴四边形ABCD与四边形AEFG的面积之比为4:9,故选:B.【点评】本题考查的是位似变换的概念和性质,掌握相似多边形的面积比等于相似比的平方是解题的关键.4.(3分)关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣3x+n=0没有实数根,则实数n的值可以为()A.0B.1C.2D.3【分析】根据方程没有实数根得出(﹣3)2﹣4×1×n<0,解之求出n的范围,结合各选项可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,得:(﹣3)2﹣4×1×n<0,解得:n>,∴n的值可以是3,故选:D.【点评】本题考查了根的判别式:一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的根与Δ=b2﹣4ac有如下关系:当Δ>0时,方程有两个不相等的实数根;当Δ=0时,方程有两个相等的实数根;当Δ<0时,方程无实数根.5.(3分)已知反比例函数y=,在下列结论中,不正确的是()A.图象必经过点(1,2)B.图象在第一、二象限C.图象在第一、三象限D.若x=2,则y=1【分析】由k=2>0即可判断B,C;把x=2,代入y=可判断A,D.【解答】解:A.把(2,1)代入y=得:左边=右边,故本选项不符合题意;B.k=2>0,图象在第一、三象限内,故本选项符合题意;C.k=2>0,图象在第一、三象限内,故本选项不符合题意;D.把x=2,代入y=得y=1,故本选项不符合题意;故选:B.【点评】本题主要考查了反比例函数的性质,能熟练地根据反比例函数的性质进行判断是解此题的关键.6.(3分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AC,BD相交于点O,若△AOB的面积是3,则矩形ABCD的面积是()A.6B.9C.12D.15【分析】由矩形的性质可得AO=CO=BO=DO,可得S△AOB=S△BOC=S△AOD=S△OCD=3,即可求解.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴AO=CO=BO=DO,∴S△AOB=S△BOC=S△AOD=S△OCD=3,∴矩形ABCD的面积=12,故选:C.【点评】本题考查了矩形的性质,掌握矩形的对角线互相平分且相等是解题的关键.7.(3分)笼子里关着一只小松鼠(如图).笼子主人决定把小松鼠放归大自然,将笼子所有的门都打开,松鼠要先过第一道门(A或B),再过第二道门(C,D或E)才能出去,则松鼠走出笼子的路线是“先经过A门、再经过D门”的概率为()A.B.C.D.【分析】画树状图,即可得出答案.【解答】解:画树状图如下:共有6种等可能的结果,先经过A门、再经过D门只有1种结果,所以先经过A门、再经过D门的概率为,故选:D.【点评】此题考查的是用树状图法.树状图法可以不重复不遗漏的列出所有可能的结果,适合于两步完成的事件;树状图法适合两步或两步以上完成的事件;正确画出树状图是解题的关键.8.(3分)如图,△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,分别以AB,AC为边作正方形ABPQ,ACFH,BP交FH于点O.若BC=BF=2,则OP的长为()A.B.2C.D.2【分析】根据正方形的性质得到△FOB∽△CBA,根据相似三角形的性质得到OF,利用勾股定理分别求出OB,PB进而可求.【解答】解:∵四边形ABPQ,ACFH为正方形,∴PB=AB,AC=CF=CB+BF=4,∠F=∠C=90°,∠PBA=90°,∴∠FOB+∠FBO=90°,∠ABC+∠FBO=90°∴∠FOB=∠ABC,∴△FOB∽△CBA,∴=,即=,∴OF=1,在Rt△FBO中,由勾股定理得,OB===,在Rt△ABC中,由勾股定理得,AB===2,∴OP=PB﹣OB=,故选:A.【点评】本题考查了正方形的性质和相似三角形的性质与判定,利用正方形的性质得到△FOB∽△CBA,根据相似三角形的性质得到OF是解题的关键.二、填空题(共5小题,每小题3分,计15分)9.(3分)已知关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣mx+6=0.其中一个解x=3,则m的值为5.【分析】把x=3代入方程x2﹣mx+6=0得到关于m的方程,然后解关于m的方程即可.【解答】解:把x=3代入方程x2﹣mx+6=0得9﹣3m+6=0,解得m=5.故答案为:5.【点评】本题考查了一元二次方程的解:能使一元二次方程左右两边相等的未知数的值是一元二次方程的解.10.(3分)地面上有一支蜡烛,蜡烛前面有一面墙,王涛同学在蜡烛与墙之间运动,则他在墙上的投影长度随着他离墙的距离变小而变小(增大、变小).【分析】可连接光源和人的头顶可知,墙上的影长和人到墙的距离变化规律是:距离墙越近,影长越短,距离墙越远影长越长.【解答】解:连接光源和人的头顶可知,墙上的影长和人到墙的距离变化规律是:距离墙越近,影长越短,距离墙越远影长越长.则他在墙上投影长度随着他离墙的距离变小而变小.故答案为变小.【点评】本题综合考查了中心投影的特点和规律.中心投影的特点是:①等高的物体垂直地面放置时,在灯光下,离点光源近的物体它的影子短,离点光源远的物体它的影子长.②等长的物体平行于地面放置时,在灯光下,离点光源越近,影子越长;离点光源越远,影子越短,但不会比物体本身的长度还短.11.(3分)在一个布袋中装有只有颜色不同的a个小球,其中红球的个数为2,随机摸出一个球记下颜色后再放回袋中,通过大量重复实验后发现,摸到红球的频率稳定于0.2,那么可以推算出a大约是10.【分析】在同样条件下,大量反复试验时,随机事件发生的频率逐渐稳定在概率附近,可以从比例关系入手,列出方程求解.【解答】解:由题意可得,=0.2,解得,a=10.故可以推算出a大约是10个.故答案为:10.【点评】此题主要考查了利用频率估计概率,本题利用了用大量试验得到的频率可以估计事件的概率.关键是根据红球的频率得到相应的等量关系.12.(3分)如图,点A在反比例函数的图象上,点B在反比例函数的图象上,且AB∥x轴,点C、D在x轴上,若四边形ABCD为矩形,则它的面积为2.【分析】首先延长BA交y轴于点E,易得四边形ADOE与四边形BCOE是矩形,又由点A在反比例函数的图象上,点B在反比例函数的图象上,即可得S矩形ADOE=1,S矩形BCOE=3,继而求得答案.【解答】解:延长BA交y轴于点E,∵四边形ABCD为矩形,且AB∥x轴,点C、D在x轴上,∴AE⊥y轴,∴四边形ADOE与四边形BCOE是矩形,∵点A在反比例函数的图象上,点B在反比例函数的图象上,∴S矩形ADOE=1,S矩形BCOE=3,∴S矩形ABCD=S矩形BCOE﹣S矩形ADOE=3﹣1=2.故答案为:2.【点评】此题考查了反比例函数的系数k的几何意义.此题难度适中,注意掌握辅助线的作法,注意掌握数形结合思想的应用.13.(3分)如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,E是AB的中点,F在AD上,且AF:AD=1:3,EF交AC于G.若AC=40,则AG=8.【分析】设AC的中点为O,连接EO,根据题意可得OE是△ABC的中位线,从而可得OE=BC,OE∥BC,进而可证8字模型相似三角形△AFG∽△OEG,然后利用相似三角形的性质进行计算即可解答.【解答】解:设AC的中点为O,连接EO,∴AO=AC=20,∵E是AB的中点,∴OE是△ABC的中位线,∴OE=BC,OE∥BC,∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AD∥BC,AD=BC,∴AD∥OE,∴∠F AG=∠AOE,∠AFG=∠OEG,∴△AFG∽△OEG,∴=,∵AF:AD=1:3,∴=,∴==,∴=,∴AG=8,故答案为:8.【点评】本题考查了平行四边形的性质,相似三角形的判定与性质,根据题目的已知条件并结合图形添加适当的辅助线是解题的关键.三、解答题(共13小题,计81分.解答应写出过程)14.(5分)解方程:y(y﹣7)+2y﹣14=0.【分析】根据因式分解法即可求出答案.【解答】解:y(y﹣7)+2y﹣14=0,y(y﹣7)+2(y﹣7)=0,分解因式得:(y﹣7)(y+2)=0,则y﹣7=0或y+2=0,解得:y1=7,y2=﹣2.【点评】本题考查了一元二次方程的解法.解一元二次方程常用的方法有直接开平方法,配方法,公式法,因式分解法,要根据方程的特点灵活选用合适的方法.15.(5分)画出如图所示的正三棱柱的三视图.【分析】根据题意可得正三棱柱的主视图为中间有一条竖的实心线的矩形,左视图为矩形,俯视图为正三角形,从而可画出三视图.【解答】解:如图所示:【点评】此题考查了作图﹣三视图,属于基础题,解答本题的关键是掌握三视图的观察方法,要求一定的空间想象能力.16.(5分)如图,菱形ABCD的边长为4,∠B=60°,以AC为边长作正方形ACEF,求这个正方形的周长.【分析】根据已知可求得△ABC是等边三角形,从而得到AC=AB,再根据正方形的周长公式计算即可.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是菱形,∴AB=BC,∵∠B=60°,∴△ABC是等边三角形,∴AC=AB=4,∴正方形ACEF的周长是16.【点评】本题考查菱形与正方形的性质,关键是根据已知可求得△ABC是等边三角形.17.(5分)已知反比例函数y=,当x<0时,y随x的增大而减小,求正整数m的值.【分析】先根据反比例函数的性质列出关于m的不等式,求出m的取值范围即可.【解答】解:∵反比例函数y=,当x<0时,y随x的增大而减小,∴3﹣2m>0,解得m<,∴正整数m的值是1.【点评】本题考查的是反比例函数的性质,即反比例函数y=(k≠0)的图象是双曲线;当k>0时,双曲线的两支分别位于第一、第三象限,在每一象限内y随x的增大而减小.18.(5分)在▱ABCD中,过点D作DE⊥AB于点E,点F在边CD上,DF=BE,连接AF,BF.求证:四边形BFDE是矩形.【分析】根据平行四边形的性质,可得AB与CD的关系,根据平行四边形的判定,可得BFDE是平行四边形,再根据矩形的判定,可得答案.【解答】证明:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AB∥CD,∵BE∥DF,BE=DF,∴四边形BFDE是平行四边形,∵DE⊥AB,∴∠DEB=90°,∴四边形BFDE是矩形.【点评】本题考查了平行四边形的性质,矩形的判定,熟练掌握矩形的判定定理是解题关键.19.(5分)某游泳池有1200立方米水,设放水的平均速度为v立方米/小时,将池内的水放完需t小时.(1)求v关于t的函数表达式;(2)若要求在3小时之内把游泳池的水放完,则每小时应至少放水多少立方米?【分析】(1)由题意得vt=900,即v=,自变量的取值范围为t>0,(2)把t=3代入求出相应的v的值,即可求出放水速度.【解答】解:(1)由题意得:vt=1200,即:v=,答:v关于t的函数表达式为v=,自变量的取值范围为t>0.(2)当t=3时,v==400,所以每小时应至少放水400立方米.【点评】考查求反比例函数的应用,根据常用的数量关系得出函数关系式是解题的关键.20.(5分)如图,延长正方形ABCD的一边CB至E,ED与AB相交于点F,过F作FG∥BE交AE于点G,求证:GF=FB.【分析】结合条件可得到GF∥AD,则有=,由BF∥CD可得到=,又因为AD=CD,可得到GF =FB.【解答】证明:∵四边形ABCD为正方形,∴BF∥CD,∴=,∵FG∥BE,∴GF∥AD,∴=,∴=,且AD=CD,∴GF=BF.【点评】本题主要考查平行线分线段成比例及正方形的性质,掌握平行线分线段中的线段对应成比例是解题的关键,注意利用比例相等也可以证明线段相等.21.(6分)解读诗词(通过列方程算出周瑜去世时的年龄):大江东去浪淘尽,千古风流数人物,而立之年督东吴,早逝英年两位数,十位恰小个位三,个位平方与寿符,哪位学子算得快,多少年华属周瑜?诗词大意:周瑜三十岁当东吴都督,去世时的年龄是两位数,十位数字比个位数字小三,个位数字的平方等于他去世时的年龄.【分析】设周瑜去世时的年龄的个位数字为x,则十位数字为x﹣3.根据题意建立方程求出其值就可以求出其结论.【解答】解:设周瑜去世时的年龄的个位数字为x,则十位数字为x﹣3,依题意得:10(x﹣3)+x=x2,解得x1=5,x2=6,当x=5时,25<30,(不合题意,舍去),当x=6时,36>30(符合题意),答:周瑜去世时的年龄为36岁.【点评】本题是一道数字问题的运用题,考查了列一元二次方程解实际问题的运用,在解答中理解而立之年是一个人30岁的年龄是关键.22.(7分)学习了相似三角形相关知识后,小明和同学们想利用“标杆”测量大楼的高度.如图,小明站立在地面点F处,他的同学在点B处竖立“标杆”AB,使得小明的头顶E、标杆顶端A、大楼顶端C在一条直线上(点F、B、D也在一条直线上).已知小明的身高EF=1.5米,“标杆“AB=2.5米,BD=23米,FB=2米,EF、AB、CD均垂直于地面BD.求大楼的高度CD.【分析】如图1中,过点E作EH⊥CD于点H,交AB于点J.则四边形EFBJ,四边形EFDH都是矩形.利用相似三角形的性质求出CH,可得结论.【解答】解:如图中,过点E作EH⊥CD于点H,交AB于点J.则四边形EFBJ,四边形EFDH都是矩形.∴EF=BJ=DH=1.5米,BF=EJ=2米,DB=JH=23米,∵AB=2.5米.∴AJ=AB﹣BJ=2.5﹣1.5=1(米),∵AJ∥CH,∴△EAJ∽△ECH,∴=,∴=,∴CH=12.5(米),∴CD=CH+DH=12.5+1.5=14(米).答:大楼的高度CD为14米.【点评】本题考查相似三角形的应用,解题的关键是学会添加常用辅助线,构造相似三角形解决问题,属于中考常考题型.23.(7分)甲、乙两人去超市选购奶制品,有两个品牌的奶制品可供选购,其中蒙牛品牌有三个种类的奶制品:A:纯牛奶,B:酸奶,C:核桃奶;伊利品牌有两个种类的奶制品:D:纯牛奶,E:核桃奶.(1)甲从这两个品牌的奶制品中随机选购一种,选购到纯牛奶的概率是;(2)若甲喜爱蒙牛品牌的奶制品,乙喜爱伊利品牌的奶制品,甲、乙两人从各自喜爱的品牌中随机选购一种奶制品,请用列表法或画树状图法求出两人选购到同一种类奶制品的概率.【分析】(1)根据概率公式求解即可;(2)列表得出所有等可能结果,从中找到符合条件的结果数,再根据概率公式求解即可.【解答】解:(1)甲从这两个品牌的奶制品中随机选购一种,选购到纯牛奶的概率是,故答案为:;(2)列表如下:A B CD(A,D)(B,D)(C,D)E(A,E)(B,E)(C,E)由表知,共有6种等可能结果,其中两人选购到同一种类奶制品的有2种结果,所以两人选购到同一种类奶制品的概率为=.【点评】本题考查了列表法与树状图法:利用列表法和树状图法展示所有可能的结果求出n,再从中选出符合事件A或B的结果数目m,求出概率.24.(8分)如图,在△ABC中,D为AC延长线上一点,AC=3CD,∠CBD=∠A,过点D作DE∥AB交BC的延长线于点E.(1)求证:△ECD∽△EDB;(2)求△DCE与△ACB的周长比.【分析】(1)由DE∥AB得∠EDC=∠A,因为∠CBD=∠A,所以∠EDC=∠EBD,而∠A=∠A,可证明△ECD ∽△EDB;(2)由DE∥AB可证明△DCE∽△ACB,而AC=3CD,所以△DCE的周长:△ACB的周长=CD:AC=1:3,即可得出问题的答案.【解答】(1)证明:如图,∵DE∥AB,∴∠EDC=∠A,∵∠CBD=∠A,∴∠EDC=∠CBD,即∠EDC=∠EBD,∵∠E=∠E,∴△ECD∽△EDB;(2)解:∵DE∥AB,∴△DCE∽△ACB,∵AC=3CD,∴△DCE的周长:△ACB的周长=CD:AC=1:3=,∴△DCE与△ACB的周长比为.【点评】此题考查平行线的性质、相似三角形的判定与性质等知识,其中证明△DCE∽△ACB是解题的关键.25.(8分)如图,直角坐标系中,点B坐标为(6,0),且AO=AB=5,AH⊥x轴于点H,过B作BC⊥x轴交过点A的双曲线于点C,连接OC交AB于点D,交AH于点M.(1)求双曲线的表达式;(2)求的值.【分析】(1)根据B坐标为(6,0),得到OB=6,根据等腰三角形的性质得到OH=BH=OB=3,根据勾股定理得到AH===4,求得A坐标为(3,4),于是得到结论;(2)设C坐标为(6,m),根据y=(x>0)经过点C,求得BC=2,根据相似三角形的性质得到=,根据三角形的中位线定理得到MH=BC=×2=1于是得到结论.【解答】解:(1)∵B坐标为(6,0),∴OB=6,∵AO=AB=5,AH⊥x轴于点H,∴OH=BH=OB=3,在Rt△AOH中,AO2=AH2+OH2,∴AH===4,∴A坐标为(3,4),∵y=(x>0)经过点A,∴4=,∴k=12,∴双曲线表达式为y=(x>0);(2)设C坐标为(6,m),∵y=(x>0)经过点C,∴m==2,∴BC=2,∵AH⊥x轴,BC⊥x轴,∴AM∥CB,∴△ADM∼△ABC,∴=,∵OH=BH,∴OM=CM,∴MH是△OBC的中位线,∴MH=BC=×2=1,∴AM=AH﹣MH=3,∴=.【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求反比例函数的解析式,相似三角形的判定和性质,三角形的中位线定理,熟练掌握待定系数法求函数的解析式是解题的关键.26.(10分)如图,点P是菱形ABCD的对角线BD上一点,连接CP并延长交AD于点E,交BA的延长线于点F.(1)求证:△APD≌△CPD;(2)求证:△APE∽△FP A;(3)若PE=4,PF=12,求PC的长.【分析】(1)由四边形ABCD是菱形,根据菱形的性质得AD=CD=AB=CB,还有BD是公共边,可证明△ADB ≌△CDB,得∠PDA=∠PDC,再证明△APD≌△CPD即可;(2)由CD∥AB得∠F=∠PCD,由△APD≌△CPD得∠P AE=∠PCD,所以∠P AE=∠F,而∠P AE=∠FP A,即可证明△APE∽△FP A;(3)由△APE∽△FP A得=,其中PE=4,PF=12,可求出P A的长,由△APD≌△CPD可知PC=P A,即可求得PC的长.【解答】(1)证明:如图,∵四边形ABCD是菱形,∴AD=CD=AB=CB,在△ADB和△CDB中,,∴△ADB≌△CDB(SSS),∴∠PDA=∠PDC,在△APD和△CPD中,,∴△APD≌△CPD(SAS).(2)证明:如图,∵CD∥AB,∴∠F=∠PCD,∵∠P AE=∠PCD,∴∠P AE=∠F,∵∠P AE=∠FP A,∴△APE∽△FP A.(3)解:如图,∵△APE∽△FP A,∴=,∵PE=4,PF=12,∴P A2=PE•PF=4×12=48,∴P A==4,∴PC=P A=4.∴PC的长为4.【点评】此题考查菱形的性质、全等三角形的判定与性质、相似三角形的判定与性质等知识,根据菱形的性质找出相等的角并证明角相等是解题的关键.。
安岳县2020—2021学年度第一学期期末教学质量监测义务教育七年级数学试题(含答案)
义务教育七年级数学 第1页(共16页)安岳县2020—2021学年度第一学期期末教学质量监测义务教育七年级数 学 试 卷(本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至2页,第Ⅱ卷3至8页,全卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共40分)一、选择题(本大题10个小题,每小题4分,共40分.请在每小题给出的4个选项中,将唯一正确的答案序号填在题后括号里.)1.-6的相反数是( )A .6B .-6C .16D .162.下面计算正确的是() A .6a -5a =1B .a +2a 2=3a 2C .-(a -b )=-a +bD .2(a +b )=2a +b3.如图1是一个正方体的平面展开图,把展开图折成正方体后,与“安”字相对的面的汉字是( )A .魅B .力C .柠D .海4.2020年,京东双十一交易额达2715亿元,比去年同期增长约32%.请将数2715亿用科学记数法表示为()A .2.715×103B .2.715×109C .2.715×1010D .2.715×10115.如果│a │=2,b 2=9,且a <b ,那么a -b 的值为()A.1或5 B.1或-5 C.-1或-5 D.-1或56.已知P =6x2-3x+6,Q =4x2-3x-2,则P、Q的大小关系为()A.P > Q B.P = Q C.P < Q D.无法确定7.如图2,小明从M处出发沿着北偏东70°方向行走至N处,又沿北偏西30°方向走至A 处,若此时需把方向调整到与出发时一致(即AB‖MN),则方向的调整应是()A.左转100°B.右转100°C.左转80°D.右转80°8.已知数a、b、c在数轴上的位置如图3所示,化简a b c b a c---+-的结果为()A.a+b B.b-c C.a-c D.09.有如下结论:①单项式2xπ-的系数是-2;②-1是最大的负整数;③两条直线被第三条直线所截,同旁内角互补;④在同一平面内,过一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线平行.其中错误..结论的个数为()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个10.已知,四张形状、大小完全相同的小长方形(如图4-1所示),将其不重叠地放在一个长为m,宽为n的大长方形中(如图4-2所示),其中未被覆盖的部分用阴影表示,则阴影部分的周长为()A.2(m+n) B.4(m-n) C.4m D.4n图1 图2 图3 图4-1 图4-2义务教育七年级数学第2页(共16页)义务教育七年级数学 第3页(共16页)第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共110分)二、填空题(本大题6个小题,每小题4分,共24分.请把答案直接填在题中的横线上.)11.若()2120a b -++=,则2021()a b +的值是_____________.12.已知x 2-2x +1=0,则3+2x 2-4x =_____________.13.公元前2000年左右,古巴比伦人使用的楔形文字中有两个符号(如图5-1),一个钉头形代表1,一个尖头形代表10,在古巴比伦人的记数系统中,他们使用的标记方法和我们当今正整数的标记方法相同(即从右到左依次为:个位,十位,百位……).根据符号记数的方法,如图5-2中的符号表示一个两位数,则这个两位数是____________.14.如图6,直线AB 、CD 相交于点O ,OD 平分∠AOF ,OE ⊥CD 于点O ,∠AOE =40°,则∠BOF 的度数为______________.15.按图7所示的操作步骤,若输入的值是-3,则输出的值为___________________.16.如图8,每个图形都是由同样大小的小圆点按一定规律排列而成的,依此规律,第10个图形中小圆点共有____________个.得 分 评 卷 人图6 图7图8……图5-1 图5-2义务教育七年级数学 第4页(共16页)三、解答题(本大题共9个小题,共86分,解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17.(本小题满分9分)计算:(1)()()226.35 3.7433⎛⎫⎛⎫---+--+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(2)221120.50.7524283⎛⎫⎛⎫-÷-++-⨯ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭18.(本小题满分8分)先化简,再求值:()2222223(1)2xy x y xy x y ⎡⎤+-⎣⎦---,其中x =-2,y = 1.19.(本小题满分8分)如图9,是由同样大小的小正方体搭成的几何体. (1)请在下面网格中画出该几何体的三视图.(2)若每个小正方体的棱长为1cm ,则这个几何体的表面积为______cm 2.得 分 评 卷 人得 分 评 卷 人得 分 评 卷 人图9义务教育七年级数学 第5页(共16页)20.(本小题满分9分)如图10,已知∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4,∠5=∠A ,试说明:BE ∥CF .(请按图填空,并补理由.) 解:∵∠3=∠4(已知) ∴AE ∥______() ∴∠EDC =_______()∵∠5=∠A (已知)∴∠EDC =__________(等量代换) ∴DC ∥AB ( ) ∴∠5+∠ABC =180°(),即∠5+∠2+∠3=180°, ∵∠1=∠2(已知)∴∠5+∠1+∠3=180°() 即∠BCF +∠3=180°,∴BE ∥CF ().21.(本小题满分9分)如图11,点C 为线段AB 上一点,D 为线段AC 的中点,E 为线段BC 的中点,AB =6. (1)求DE 的长;(2)若AC :BC =1:2,且点F 为DE 的中点,求CF 的长 .得 分 评 卷 人得 分 评 卷 人图10图11义务教育七年级数学 第6页(共16页)22.(本小题满分10分)已知,O 是直线AB 上一点,∠AOC =2∠BOC ,将一直角三角板DOE 绕点O 旋转,其中∠DOE =90°,∠D =45°.(1)如图12-1,若OC 平分∠BOE ,求∠BOD 的度数;(2)如图12-2,若DE ‖OC ,求∠BOE 的度数.23.(本小题满分10分)众志成城抗疫情,全国人民齐协力!今年3月,某市组织20辆汽车装运食品、药品、生活用品三种物资到湖北武汉,按计划20辆汽车都要装运,每辆汽车只能装运一种物资且必须装满.设装运食品的汽车为 x 辆,装运药品的汽车为 y 辆,根据表中提供的信息,解答下列问题:物资种类 食品 药品 生活用品每辆汽车运载量(吨) 6 5 4 每吨所需运费(元)120160100(1)20辆汽车共装载了多少吨救灾物资?(用含x 、y 的代数式表示) (2)装运这批救灾物资的总费用是多少元? (用含x 、y 的代数式表示) (3)当x =5,y =10时,求此次运输所需的总费用.得 分 评 卷 人得 分 评 卷 人图12-1 图12-224.(本小题满分11分)定义:若两个有理数的和等于这两个有理数的积,则称这两个数互为“奇妙数”.如:有理数54与5,因为54+5=54×5,所以54与5互为“奇妙数”.(1)判断34与-3是否互为“奇妙数”,并说明理由;(2)若有理数a与b互为“奇妙数”,b与c互为相反数,求代数式7433633ab c a b⎛⎫⎛⎫+---⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭的值;(3)对于有理数x(x≠0且x≠1),设x的“奇妙数”为x1;x1的倒数x2;x2的“奇妙数”为x3;x3的倒数为x4;……;依次按如上的操作,得到一组数x1,x2,x3,x4,…,x n.当x=32时,求x2021的值.义务教育七年级数学第7页(共16页)得分评卷人25.(本小题满分12分)已知直线MN与直线AB、CD分别交于M、N两点,∠1+∠2=180°,∠BMN与∠DNM的角平分线交于点E.(1)如图13-1,试说明NE⊥ME;(2)延长ME交CD于点F,过点F作FG⊥MF交直线MN于点G.①如图13-2,若∠1=100°,求∠3的度数;②如图13-3,延长NE交AB于点H,作∠NHB的角平分线HP交MF的延长线于点P,请判断∠3与∠P的数量关系,并说明理由.图13-1 图13-2 图13-3义务教育七年级数学第8页(共16页)安岳县2020—2021学年度第一学期期末教学质量监测义务教育七年级数学试卷参考答案及评分意见一、选择题(共10个小题,每小题4分,共40分)1-5:ACBDC 6-10:ABDCD二、填空题(共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分)11.-112.1 13.2514.80°15.-2 16.39三、解答题(共9个小题,共86分)17.解:(1)原式= -6.3+253-3.7-243·····························································································································2分=-9·····························································································································4分(2)原式=14×4+3+16-18·····························································································································7分=0·····························································································································义务教育七年级数学第9页(共16页)9分18.解:原式=2xy2+2x2y-2xy2+3-3x2y-2 ····························································································································4分=-x2y +1. ····························································································································7分当x=-2,y=1时,原式= -4+1= -3····························································································································8分19.解:(1)(每个2分)·······················································································································6分(2)26····························································································································8分20.解:∵∠3=∠4(已知)∴AE∥BC (内错角相等,两直线平行)····························································································································2分∴∠EDC=∠5(两直线平行,内错角相等)····························································································································义务教育七年级数学第10页(共16页)4分∵∠5=∠A(已知)∴∠EDC= ∠A(等量代换)····························································································································5分∴DC∥AB(同位角相等,两直线平行)····························································································································6分∴∠5+∠ABC=180°(两直线平行,同旁内角互补)····························································································································7分即∠5+∠2+∠3=180°∵∠1=∠2(已知)∴∠5+∠1+∠3=180°(等量代换)····························································································································8分即∠BCF+∠3=180°∴BE∥CF(同旁内角互补,两直线平行). ····························································································································9分21.解:(1)∵D、E分别是AC、BC的中点,∴CD=12AC,CE=12BC····························································································································1分∴DE=CD+CE=12(AC+BC )=12AB····························································································································3分义务教育七年级数学第11页(共16页)∵AB=6,∴DE=3. ····························································································································4分(2)∵AC:BC=1:2,AB=6,∴AC=2····························································································································5分∵F为DE的中点,∴FD=12DE=1.5····························································································································6分∵CD=12AC,∴CD=1····························································································································7分∴CF=DF-CD=1.5-1=0.5. ····························································································································9分22.解:(1)∵∠AOC+∠BOC=180°,∠AOC=2∠BOC,∴∠AOC=120°,∠BOC=60°····························································································································2分∵OC平分∠BOE,∴∠BOE=2∠BOC=120°····························································································································3分又∵∠DOE=90°,∴∠BOD=∠BOE-∠DOE=30°. ····························································································································5分(2)∵DE‖OC,∴∠COD=∠D ····························································································································义务教育七年级数学第12页(共16页)6分∵∠D=45°,∴∠COD=45°····························································································································7分∵∠AOD=180°-∠BOC-∠COD,∴∠AOD=75°····························································································································8分又∵∠DOE=90°,∴∠AOE=15°····························································································································9分∴∠BOE=180°-∠AOE=165°. ····························································································································10分23.解:(1)6x+5y+4(20-x-y)····························································································································3分=2x+y+80····························································································································4分答:20辆汽车共装载了(2x+y+80)吨救灾物资.(2)120×6x+160×5y+100×4(20-x-y) ····························································································································7分=320x+400y+8000····························································································································8分义务教育七年级数学第13页(共16页)。
人教版九年级2021-2022学年度第一学期期末物理(上)试题及答案(含两套题)
密学校 班级 姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题人教版2021-2022学年度第一学期期末检测试卷九年级 物理(满分:100分 时间:60分钟)一、单项选择题(本题包括10个小题每小题3分,共30分.每小题只有一个选项符合题意,多选或不选均得0分) 1.(3分)下列常见的自然现象,能用分子热运动知识解释的是( ) A .春天,柳枝吐芽 B .夏天,山涧瀑布 C .秋天,菊香满园D .冬天,雪花飘飘2.(3分)如图所示是内燃机的四个冲程,其中将内能转化为机械能的冲程是( )A .B .C .D .3.(3分)在便携式充电宝给手机电池充电的过程中,充电宝相当于电路中的( ) A .导线B .开关C .电源D .用电器4.(3分)如图所示,电源电压6V ,开关闭合时电压表示数3.8V ,则( )A .L 1两端电压3.8VB .L 2两端电压3.8VC .L 2 两端电压2.2VD .电源、L 2的电压之和为3.8V 5.(3分)对使用以下实验装置所研究物理问题的描述,正确的是( )A .用来演示磁场对通电导线的作用B .用来演示电磁感应现象C .用来演示电磁铁的极性与电流方向的关系D .用来演示导线周围存在的磁场6.(3分)关于温度、内能、热量,下列说法正确的是( ) A .物体温度越高,含有的热量越多密封 学校 班级 姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题B .物体运动越快,内能越大C .热传递能改变物体的内能D .0℃的冰块,其内能为零7.(3分)如图是常用的带有多插孔的插排。
小明家插排的指示灯已经损坏,但闭合开关后插孔上连接的用电器仍可以正常工作。
某一天小明家装修时将切割机插入插排,切割机工作时,家中的空气开关出现了“跳闸”现象。
则下列说法中正确的是( )A .插排上的插孔与指示灯是串联关系B .“跳闸”的原因一定是电路发生了断路C .“跳闸”的原因一定是电路发生了短路D .“跳闸”的原因可能是电路总功率过大8.(3分)如图所示的电路中,为使灯L 1和L 2并联,应( )A .闭合开关S 1、S 2,断开S 3B .闭合开关S 1、S 3,断开S 2C .闭合开关S 2、S 3,断开S 1D .同时闭合开关S 1、S 2、S 39.(3分)标有“220V ,40W ”和“220V ,60W ”的两只灯泡L 1、L 2串联在电路中时,两灯泡均发光,实际消耗的功率分别为P 1和P 2,则( ) A .P 1>P 2B .P 1=P 2C .P 1<P 2D .无法确定10.(3分)如图,R 为光敏电阻,其阻值随光照强度的增大而减小,R 1是定值电阻。
2020-2021学年高一第一学期期末考试(一)英语试卷含答案
汪清四中2020-2021学年度高一年级第一学期期末考试英语试卷(考试时间:120分钟试题总分:120分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)1.What are the speakers doing?A.Seeing a doctor.B. Enjoying a concert.C. Buying some tickets.2.What will the the man do next Thursday?A.Start his new job.B. Have an interview.C. Meet Professor Green.3.What is the woman’s first lesson this morning?A.ScienceB. GeographyC. Math.4.What day is it probably today?A.MondayB. Wednesday.C. Friday5.What kind of music does the woman like best?A.Country music. B. Rock music. C. Pop music第二节(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)听第六段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.How old is the woman now?A.Eight years old. B.Ten years old. C. Eighteen years old.7.Where does the woman plan to go next year ?A.To Canada. B. To America. C. To France.听第七段材料,回答第8、9题。
8.How does the man feel when he sees the sandwiches?A.DisappointedB. ExcitedC. Annoyed9.What will the man order ?A.Steak B. Seafood C. Fried chicken听第八段材料,回答第10至12题。
五年级第一学期期末数学期末试题
五年级上册数学期末试题(一)一、填空:1)36000平方米=( )公顷 5.042千克=( )千克( )克 2千米7米=( )千米 2小时45分= ( )小时2)11÷6的商用循环小数表示是( ),精确到百分位是( )。
3)五⑪班有学生a 人,五⑫班的人数是五⑪班的 1.2倍。
a +1.2a 表示( )。
4)在○里填上“>”、“<”或“=”0.78÷0.99○0.78 7.8×1.3○7.8 9.027○9.027×0.995)根据“一种钢丝0.25米重0.2千克”可以求出( ),列式是( );也可以求出( ),列式是( )。
6)一条马路长a 米,已经修了5天,平均每天修b 米,还剩( )米没有修。
当a=600,b=40时,还剩( )米。
7)下表中这组数据的中位数是( ),平均数是( )。
172 146 140 142 140 139 138 1438)王芳的身份证号码是42010196712241179,他的出生年月日是( )。
性别是( )。
9)数字2,3,7,8可以组成( )个没有重复数字的四位数,其中,单数的可能性是( ),双数的可能性是( )。
10)观察一个长方体,一次最多能看到( )个面,最少能看到( )个面。
11)把一个小数的小数点向右移动两位,得到一个新数,与原数相差44.55,原数是( )。
12)一个直角三角形的三条边分别是6厘米,8厘米和10 厘米,这个三角形的面积是( )平方厘米,斜边上的高是( )厘米。
13)育才小学五年级学生人数是四年级学生人数的1.2倍,如果四年级学生再转来20人,则两个年级学生人数就一样多,原来四年级有学生( )人 二、判断:1. 9.80和9.8的大小相等,精确度也一样。
( )2.梯形的高扩大2倍,面积也扩大2倍。
( )3.小于1的两个数相乘,它们的积一定小于其中的任何一个因数。
( )4.如果两个图形能拼成平行四边形,那么它们一定完全一样。
(完整版)清华大一高数第一学期期末试题1
一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分).(1)21)(cos lim xx x → =________________.(2)曲线x x y ln =上与直线01=+-y x 平行的切线方程为_________________.(3)已知x x xe e f -=')(,且0)1(=f , 则=)(x f _____________ .(4)曲线132+=x x y 的斜渐近线方程为 ______________. (5)微分方程522(1)1'-=++y y x x 的通解为___________________.二、选择题 (本题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分).(1)下列积分结果正确的是( )(A) 0111=⎰-dx x (B) 21112-=⎰-dx x(C) +∞=⎰∞+141dx x (D) +∞=⎰∞+11dx x(2)函数)(x f 在],[b a 内有定义,其导数)('x f 的图形如图1-1所示,则( ).(A)21,x x 都是极值点.(B) ()())(,,)(,2211x f x x f x 都是拐点. (C) 1x 是极值点.,())(,22x f x 是拐点.(D) ())(,11x f x 是拐点,2x 是极值点.(3)函数212e e e x x xy C C x -=++满足的一个微分方程是( (A )23e .xy y y x '''--= (B )23e .xy y y '''--= (C )23e .xy y y x '''+-=(D )23e .x y y y '''+-= (4)设)(x f 在0x 处可导,则()()000limh f x f x h h →--为( ).(A)()0f x'. (B) ()0f x'-. (C) 0. (D)不存在 .(5)下列等式中正确的结果是 ( ).(A)(())().f x dx f x '=⎰ (B)()().=⎰df x f x(C) [()]().d f x dx f x =⎰ (D) ()().f x dx f x '=⎰算题(本题共4小题,每小题6分,共24分). 1.求极限)ln 11(lim 1x x x x --→.2.方程⎩⎨⎧+==t t t y t x sin cos sin ln 确定y 为x 的函数,求dx dy 与22dx y d .3. 3. 计算不定积分 .4.计算定积分⎰++3011dx xx.四、解答题(本题共4小题,共29分).1.(本题6分)解微分方程256xy y y xe '''-+=2.(本题7分)一个横放着的圆柱形水桶(如图4-1),桶内盛有半桶水,设桶的底半径为R ,水的密度为ρ,计算桶的一端面上所受的压力. 3. (本题8分)设()f x 在[,]a b 上有连续的导数,()()0f a f b ==,且2()1b af x dx =⎰,试求()()b axf x f x dx'⎰.4. (本题8分)过坐标原点作曲线x y ln =的切线,该切线与曲线x y ln =及x 轴围成平面图形D.(1) (1) 求D 的面积A;(2) (2) 求D 绕直线e x =旋转一周所得旋转体的体积V . 五、证明题(本题共1小题,共7分).1.证明对于任意的实数x ,1xe x ≥+.一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分).(1) 210)(cos lim x x x → =_____e 1________.(2)曲线x x y ln =上与直线01=+-y x 平行的切线方程为___1-=x y ______.(3)已知xxxe e f -=')(,且0)1(=f , 则=)(x f ______=)(x f 2)(ln 21x _____ .(4)曲线132+=x x y 的斜渐近线方程为 _________.9131-=x y(5)微分方程522(1)1'-=++y y x x 的通解为_________.)1()1(32227+++=x C x y二、选择题 (本题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分).(1)下列积分结果正确的是( D )(A) 0111=⎰-dx x (B) 21112-=⎰-dx x(C) +∞=⎰∞+141dx x (D) +∞=⎰∞+11dx x(2)函数)(x f 在],[b a 内有定义,其导数)('x f 的图形如图1-1所示,则( D ).(A)21,x x 都是极值点.(B) ()())(,,)(,2211x f x x f x 都是拐点. (C) 1x 是极值点.,())(,22x f x 是拐点.(D) ())(,11x f x 是拐点,2x 是极值点.(3)函数212e e e x x xy C C x -=++满足的一个微分方程是( D ).(A )23e .xy y y x '''--=(B )23e .xy y y '''--=(C )23e .x y y y x '''+-=(D )23e .xy y y '''+-=(4)设)(x f 在0x 处可导,则()()000limh f x f x h h →--为( A ).(A)()0f x '. (B) ()0f x '-. (C) 0. (D)不存在 .(5)下列等式中正确的结果是 ( A ).(A)(())().f x dx f x '=⎰ (B)()().=⎰df x f x(C) [()]().d f x dx f x =⎰ (D) ()().f x dx f x '=⎰三、计算题(本题共4小题,每小题6分,共24分).1.求极限)ln 11(lim 1x x x x --→. 解 )ln 11(lim 1x x x x --→=x x x x x x ln )1(1ln lim 1-+-→-------1分 =x x x xx ln 1ln lim1+-→-------2分 = x x x x x x ln 1ln lim1+-→ -------1分= 211ln 1ln 1lim 1=+++→x x x -------2分2.方程⎩⎨⎧+==t t t y t x sin cos sin ln 确定y 为x 的函数,求dx dy 与22dx y d .解 ,sin )()(t t t x t y dx dy =''= ----------------------------(3分).sin tan sin )()sin (22t t t t t x t t dx y d +=''=---------------------(6分)4. 4. 计算不定积分. 222 =2arctan 2 =2C =----------------+---------⎰分分(分4.计算定积分⎰++3011dx xx.解 ⎰⎰-+-=++3030)11(11dx x x x dx x x ⎰+--=30)11(dx x --------- --------------- (3分)35)1(323323=++-=x ----------------------------------------- ---------------------(6分)(或令t x =+1)四、解答题(本题共4小题,共29分).1.(本题6分)解微分方程256xy y y xe '''-+=.2122312*20101*223212-56012,31.1()111.21(1)121(1).12x x x x x x x r r r r e C e y x b x b e b b y x x e y e C e x x e +=----------==----------+-------=+-----------=-=-=-------------=+-+----解:特征方程分特征解.分 次方程的通解Y =C 分令分代入解得,所以分所以所求通解C 分2.(本题7分)一个横放着的圆柱形水桶(如图4-1),桶内盛有半桶水,设桶的底半径为R ,水的比重为γ,计算桶的一端面上所受的压力.解:建立坐标系如图22022220322203*********RRRP gx R x dx g R x d R x g R x g R ρρρρ=----------=---------=--------=----------------⎰⎰分()分[()]分分3. (本题8分)设()f x 在[,]a b 上有连续的导数,()()0f a f b ==,且2()1b af x dx =⎰,试求()()b axf x f x dx'⎰.xy222()()()()21 ()221 =[()]()2211=0222b baab a b b a a xf x f x dx xf x df x xdf x xf x f x dx '=-----=---------=----------⎰⎰⎰⎰解:分分分分4. (本题8分)过坐标原点作曲线x y ln =的切线,该切线与曲线x y ln =及x 轴围成平面图形D.(3) (3) 求D 的面积A;(4) (4) 求D 绕直线e x =旋转一周所得旋转体的体积V.解:(1) 设切点的横坐标为0x ,则曲线x y ln =在点)ln ,(00x x 处的切线方程是).(1ln 000x x x x y -+= ----1分由该切线过原点知 01ln 0=-x ,从而.0e x =所以该切线的方程为.1x e y =----1分平面图形D 的面积⎰-=-=1.121)(e dy ey e A y ----2分(2) 切线xe y 1=与x 轴及直线e x =所围成的三角形绕直线e x =旋转所得的圆锥体积为.3121e V π= ----2分曲线x y ln =与x 轴及直线e x =所围成的图形绕直线e x =旋转所得的旋转体体积为dye e V y 212)(⎰-=π, ----1分因此所求旋转体的体积为).3125(6)(312102221+-=--=-=⎰e e dy e e e V V V y πππ ----1分五、证明题(本题共1小题,共7分).1.证明对于任意的实数x ,1xe x ≥+.解法一:2112xe e x x xξ=++≥+ 解法二:设() 1.xf x e x =--则(0)0.f =------------------------1分 因为() 1.xf x e '=-------------------------—————— 1分 当0x ≥时,()0.f x '≥()f x 单调增加,()(0)0.f x f ≥=------------------------2分 当0x ≤时,()0.f x '≤()f x 单调增加,()(0)0.f x f ≥=------------------------2分 所以对于任意的实数x ,()0.f x ≥即1xe x ≥+。
河南省洛阳市2021-2022学年八年级上学期期末英语试题(原卷版)(1)
__________________does David go to see his grandparents?
2.The Greenswent to the mountainslast Sunday.(对划线部分提问)
20. A. motherB. friendC. classmateD. passenger
四、阅读理解(20小题,每小题2分,共40分)
阅读下而语言材料,根据材料内容选择最佳答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Nelly
Last summer I went to Luoyang with my parents. We went to the Longmen Grottoes, White Horse Temple, Li Jingmen and Wangcheng Park. There were so many people in all these places when we got there, Along theway, we saw many special buildings and ate many kinds of food. The food was delicious but not very expensive.
4.Who runs fastest in the class?
A. Kate.B. Sarah.C. Linda.
5.How many minutes was the boy late for class?
A. Ten.B. Twenty.C. Forty.
第二节听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话或独白读两遍。
八年级英语第一学期期末考试试题
2018—2018学年度第一学期期末考试八年级英语本卷分为第一卷<选择题)和第二卷<非选择题)两部分.注意事项:1、请考生答题前务必将自己地姓名、考试号用黑水笔填写在试卷规定位置上并认真核对.2、请将第一卷地答案用黑水笔填在答题纸相应地位置,在其他位置做答一律无效.3、考试结束后,考生只需交答题纸和第二卷.第Ⅰ卷<选择题共100分)一、听力<共25小题;每题1分,共25分)A.听对话,从A、B、C三幅图中找出与你所听内容相符地选项.听两遍.1.A. B. C.2.A. B. C.3.A. B. C.4.A. B C.5.A. C .B.听对话,从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案.听两遍.6. What’s the time now?A. 3:30.B. 4:30.C. 5:30.7. Whodoes the woman want to speak to?A. Mr. Johnson.B. Mr. Smith.C. Mr. Brown.8. Why can’t the man go to the birthday party?A. Because he is ill.B. Because he is busy.C. Because he will go to Shanghai.9. How will the weather be tomorrow?A. Rainy.B. Sunny.C. Cloudy.10. What do we know about the new teacher?A.He often keeps silent(沉默地>.B.He talks too much.C.He has no chance to speak.C.听下面四段材料,从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案.听两遍.听第一段材料,回答第11-12题.11. Where are the speakers talking?A. At a food shop.B. At a bookshop.C. In a library.12.Does the man like Maths?A. No, he doesn’t.B. Yes, he does.C. Yes, very much.13. A. Writing B. Using it C. Listening14. A. be sad B. not be sad C. get angry15. A. keep quiet B. feel worried C. keep the sense of humor听第三段材料,回答第16-17题.16. Where is the woman going?A. To the post office.B. To the library.C. To the park.17. How much does the woman’s ticket cost?A. Three yuan.B. Two yuan.C. One yuan听第四段材料,回答第18-20题.18. Who made Mr Hu angry yesterday afternoon?A. Fred and Tim.B. Jack and Fred.C. Tim and Jack.19. What was Mr Hu doing at that time?A. Talking with studentsB. Giving a lessonC. Having a rest20. What would they never do again?A. They would never be noisy in the classroomB. They would never be angry.C. They would never talk to the teacher.D. 听短文,从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案.听两遍.21. Why do people all over the world enjoy sports?A. Sports are very interesting.B. Sports can make people healthy and happy.C. Sports are thousands of years old.22. What do sports change with?A. The season.B. The weather.C. The people.23. Which of the following sports is the oldest?A. Running.B. Basketball.C. V olleyball.24. What do people in all countries near the sea like better?A. Football.B. Jumping.C. Swimming.25. Why do people from different countries often become good friends after a game?A. The game is exciting.B. Sports help them understand each other.C. They begin to know each other.二、单项选择<共20小题;每题1分,共20分)26. Can you see ______ 11-year-old boy and _____ one-eyed cow in the field?A. a; anB. a; aC. an; theD. an; a27. Please stop _____ about your favourite animals if you ______ busy.A. talking, won’tB. to talk, don’tC. to talk, aren’tD. to talk, won’t be28.My bedroom looks a little smaller, but ________.A. it’s as big as youB. it has the same size as youC. it have the same size as yoursD. it’s the same size as yours29. It rained, ________, the football match was postponed (延期>.A. becauseB. orC. thereforeD. but30.“Thank you,”the man said a smile his face.A. on; onB. with; onC. at; inD. in; with31. — they are talking to each other!—Yes. They are really happy to see each other.A. What excitedB. How excitedC. What excitedlyD. How excitedly32. Since you’ve spilt(洒> the milk, you’ll have to ________.A. mop it upB. mop up itC. mop them upD. mop up them33.–My uncle fell off the bike and hurt his legs yesterday. –______________.A. I am sorry to hear thatB. He is too carelessC. That’s too badD. He sho uld be careful34. Be careful, Tom and Bob, ______you may hurt ________ .A. and; yourselfB. or; yourselvesC. but; yourselvesD. or; yourself35. It may be dangerous ____ a car _____ a snowy day.A. to drive; inB. to drive; onC. drive; inD. drive; on36. –What’s wrong with you ?–I feel ______. I heard a ______ noise just now.A. frightening; frightenedB. frightening; frighteningC. frightened; frighteningD. frightened; frightened37. Of the two English girls, Masha is one. I think you can find her easily.A. tallerB. tallestC. the tallerD. the tallest38. Bad weather may cause natural disasters. Its structure is .A. S+V+PB.S+V+DO+OCC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO39.—Do you still remember ____ me somewhere in Taizhou?—Yes, of course. Two years ago.A. to seeB. seeC. seeingD. was40.I don’t know if it _________ tomorrow. If it _________ , we will stay indoors.A. rains; rainsB. will rain;rainsC. rains; will rainD. will rain; will rain41. We found to sleep.A. difficult to getB. it difficult gettingC. it difficult to getD. that difficult to get42.Ella can speak ______ Chinese, but she can’t write.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few43. Don’t buy the clothes ______ of animal fur. It doesn’t look lovely _____ you.A. make; inB. made; onC. made; inD. make; on44.---Which book do you like best ?---You can take ____ book you like .A. bothB. anyC. noD. all45.-Have a nice day today! -______.A. Me, tooB. The same to youC. No, thanks.D. I don’t think so.三、完形填空<共15小题;每题1分,共15分)Mr Evans lives in a city. He was a maths46three years ago. He taught well and his students 47 him. So he decided to work in the middle school all his life. But a terrible accident 48 his fortune(命运>.One spring, he took his class to 49 a place of interest. The children saw a lot of 50things and had a good time there. But on their way to school, their 51 was hit by a truck because the young driver was drunk. Five students 52 and more than half of the children were 53 in the accident. He didn’t know how it had happened and was very 54 it and after he came out of the hospital, he left the school and became a 55 . He tried his best to stop the drivers from breaking the traffic regulations. He worked hard and was strict with the driver. So they were afraid of him.One afternoon it was very hot. Mr Evans was 56 . He was standing at the crossing and watching the traffic. Suddenly he saw a 57 rushing towards the crossing. It ran so fast that it almost hit a man58 a bike. He stopped it at once and saw a girl in it.“ 59 your licence<执照)to me, madam,” said Mr Evans.The girl handed her bag to him and said, “Please look for it in the bag 60 .I can’t see anything without glasses”.46.A. worker B. teacher C. doctor D. farmer47. A. liked B. wished C. helped D. answered48. A. beat B. won C. lost D. changed49.A. build B. break C. visit D. find50.A. terrible B. dangerous C. safe D. interesting51.A. bus B. train C. car D. ship52.A. left B. lived C. died D. fell53.A. beat B. hurt C. touched D. stopped54.A. sad about B. afraid of C. interested in D. worried about55.A. soldier B. policeman C. bookseller D. cleaner56.A. in the corner B. at home C. on duty D. in the office57.A. runner B. policeman C. player D. car58.A. riding B. selling C. buying D. making59.A. Throw B. Show C. Lend D. Copy60.A. you B. I C. yourself D. myself四、阅读理解<共20小题;每题2分,共40分)(A>Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children, Mike and Liz. The whole family are all busy,A. At 3:30 p.m.B. At 4:00 p.m.C. At 5:00 p.m.D. At 9:00 p.m.62. Who should walk the dog today?A. Mike.B. Mrs BrownC. LizD. Mr Brown63. What’s Mike probably doing at 6:50 p.m.?A. Practicing football.B. Going to Donna’s house.C. Playing tennis.D. Doing his homework.64. Where can Mike find his tennis shoes?A. In his bedroom.B. Outside the back door.C. In the living room.D. At Donna’s house.65. According to the notes, Teddy is .A. Mike’s mother.B. Mike’s brother.C. Mike’s football coach.D. the dog in the family.(B>One morning, Wu Liang discovered that her classroom had changed. She found that the desks were no longer in rows, but pushed together to make eight bigger desks. She was too excited about it for the first two days and she couldn’t listen to the teachers carefully. But soon she and her classmates got used to this new classroom arrangement (安排>. “Now our class is quieter,” said Wu. “What’s more, we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion. It’s a better way to study.”Li Yu liked it, too. He said, “Group members first discuss, and then show ourselves in front of the whole class. It makes us believe in ourselves.” It was part of a reform (改革> at Li’s school. The school made this reform because they wanted to provide students with easier ways to study and more chances to discuss. “Our schoolhopes it can improve students’ abilities (能力> to study by themselves and work in groups,” said Zhang Ming, an English teacher.However, the reform has demanded (要求> more from teachers. Now they have only 15 minutes to give the lesson which should be taught in 45 minutes before. It is difficult to teach in such a short time. The teachers have to find better ways to teach more effectively.The reform demands more, but I’m sure it is helpful,” added Zhang Ming.66.After the new classroom arrangement it was easier for Wu Liang and her classmates to ______ in class.A. discuss with each otherB. sit in the classroomC. push desks togetherD. teach a lesson67. The school made the reform in order to provide students with _______ to study.A. noisier classesB. easier waysC. more seatsD. fewer chances68. The Chinese meaning of the word “effectively” in this passage is _________.A.简单地B. 明确地C. 有效地D. 认真地69. The reform made the students enjoy following EXCEPT__________A. learn more through discussionB. show themselves in front of the whole classC. only play togetherD. improve their abilities (能力> to study by themselves and work in groups70. The best title of this passage may be “________”.A. Students’ FriendshipB. Teachers’ HopeC. Discussion in ClassD. New Look in Class(C>Ten-year-old Barack Obama (奥巴马>was one of the only three black students at his school in Hawaii, the US. He is different from most of the other students. White girls wanted to touch his hair. A white boy asked him if his father ate people.“I lied to them that my father was a Kenyan prince(肯尼亚王子>. But I kept asking myself who I was.”said Obama.However, 37 years later, the boy became well-known. On November 4th, 2008, Obama became the first black president in US history with 297 electoral (选举地> votes.Obama was born in 1961, to an African father and a white American woman from a small town in the US. He grew up in Indonesia and Hawaii. This unusual background made him wonder who he was. He once turned to alcohol<酒精)to help forget this question.With the help of his friends, Obama finally turned his life around in the university. His hard work made him star at HarvardUniversity. Later, he became the third black senator (参议员> in US history.During his race to the highest post in the US, Obama talked about his background. He called for a United States of America, rather than a white America or a black America. ‘Obama’s success has made Martin Luther King’s dream come true. That is : A man should not be judged by the colour of his skin, but by the content of his character.’ he said at the speech in Chicago soon after he was elected.71.When he was a child, Obama ______at school.A. was popularB. looked happyC. felt uneasyD. was hard-working72.“This unusual background”refers to the fact _________.A.10-year-old Obama was one of only three black students in his school in Hawaii.B. Obama became the first black president in US history.C. he comes from a mixed-race family and grew up in different countriesD. in US history became only the third black senator in US history.73. During his race to the highest post, what did Obama talk about his background to show ?A. America is a place where all things are impossible.B. The power of black people.C. Their country is the United States of America.D. His idea couldn’t be doubted.74. Wha t does the underlined word “judged” mean?A. decidedB. punishedC. bornD. chosen75.Which fact about Obama is NOT TRUE?A. He graduated from HarvardUniversity.B. He thinks hard work was the key to his success at college.C. He lied to his classmates that his father was a Kenyan senator.D. He called on blacks and whites to come together.(D>A dog can’t speak any words, but it can “talk”. It has feelings just as you do. Sometimes it may feel angry or afraid. Watch a dog closely, and you can find out how it feels. You can see what it is trying to tell you. When you are afraid, you may look down. When a dog is afraid, it may run away. When you are angry with other people, you stare at(凝视> them. An angry dog also stares. Sometimes the hair along its back stands up.Do you feel guilty when you do something you shouldn’t do? Dogs can feel guilty, too. Sometimes when I come home, my dog gives me a guilty look. Then I know he did something wrong.Dogs need love and care. Some dogs are very unhappy when they are alone for a long time. Some dogs even snap (撕咬> if they don’t get enough care.You may have a dog or you may know a dog. Take care of it well if you want to have fun with it. Take it on walks. Don’t make it do too many things. Try not to punish (惩罚> it again and again for doing the same thing. Always remember, a dog has needs and feelings just as you do. Talk to a dog, and it will talk to you.76. When a dog is afraid, it may _______.A. look downB. stareC. barkD. run away77. The word guilty in the second paragraph means _______.A. excitedB. sorryC. frightenedD. happy78. When ______, you know that a dog has done something wrong.A. It runs away from youB. its hair stands upC. its tail shakes (摇摆>D. it has a guilty look79. If a dog snaps at things, it may ________.A. feel lonelyB. be frightenedC. feel sleepyD. be happy80. Which of the following would the writer like you to do towards your dog?A. Never leave your dog alone.B. Never punish the dog.C. Try to be kind to dogs.D. Teach the dog to do work for you2018—2018学年度第一学期八年级英语期末测试答题纸本卷分为第一卷<选择题)和第二卷<非选择题)两部分.第Ⅰ卷<选择题共100分)一、听力(25分>第Ⅱ卷<非选择题共50分)五、用所给词地适当形式填空<共15小题;每题1分,共15分)81.Is there anything ___________ in today’s newspaper?(excite>82.They celebrate their safe _______________ (arrive>.83.Somebody ____________ the window and ran away (break >.84.Windy is too young to drive _______________ (she>.85.It’s ________ (usual> for him to come back home late becaus e he always arriveshome beforehis parents.86. _____ Linda with her parents _____(remove> the snow at 9 a.m. yesterday morning?87.Who is the _________(close> person in your family?88.Our teachers told us that the earth ________(move>around the sun..89.Our plane _______(leave> at ten o’clock tonight.90.Tom is very ________ (care> , but he didn’t make any mistakes this time.91.The man was __________ (badly> hurt than the driver in the car accident.92.His teacher can’t believe his words because he is ___________(honest> and often lies to her.93.Kitty was the first one _______ (get> to the cinema.94.Amy touched the lovely cat as _______ (gentle> as she could.95. Today is her grandpa’s __________ (nin ety> birthday.六、阅读表达<共5小题;每题2分,共10分)WWF’s goal is to save the world’s environment. The organization was set up on 11 September, 1961. In the___(1>___, WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature世界自然基金会> worked to save the world’s wildlife. Now, it works to save the earth and its environment.WWF has many tasks. One is to stop ___(1>___. Pollution from industry and cars is harmful to our environment. (2>Each year more and more trees are cut down so WWF tries to protect the earth’s forests. Also WWF is interested in saving all plants and animals. As people use more land, many animals and plants are losing their homes and die. WWF can buy important areas to protect the land from human development.WWF has completed many projects. In China, WWF works to save the panda from extinction(灭绝>. In South America, it works to save the Amazon Rainforest.V olunteers and donations help WWF complete its work. WWF’s work is important toour environment. It is important for people to help them with time and money.96. 在文中<1)处填上适当地短语__________, ____________97. 将文中<2)处翻译成汉语________________________________________________98. 回答问题:What are WWF’s tasks?_________________________________________________________99. 写出同义句:Many animals and plants are disappearing because people take up more land._______________________________________________________________________100. 在文中找出最能表达该短文主题地句子:_____________________________________________________________________七、短文填空<共10小题;每题1分,共10分)Most people love animals. We think that animals are goodf___101___ of humans. But, in fact,a 1arge number of animals,especially wild ones,are in d___102__ now mainly because of humans. If we do not t__103___ action now,we will have no animals soon.People are destroying animals’ natural shelter by cutting d__104__ trees or building houses. At the same time, many of the animals’ living a__105_ are becoming farmland as we have to feed a 1arger population of the world. Besides,people hunt animals for their fur or other useful things. As a result of the pollution that humans have caused, some animals cannot l__106__ a normal(正常地> life any more.We must try our best to p__107__ animals right now. Remember that it is everyone’s d__108_ to do so. We should write to newspapers and magazines and t__109___ everyone about these problems. We should also d__110___ something to help the endangered animals at once.101. f__________ 102. d_________ 103. t________ 104. d__________105. a_______106. l_________ 107. p____________108. d_________109. t________110. d_______八、书面表达<共15分)本月初我国南方许多地方发生特大洪水,给人们地生命和财产安全带来重大损失.灾后人们纷纷伸出了援助之手.请你以校委会地名义用英语写一份80字左右地倡议书,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数.要点提示:(1>洪水带来重大损失:①冲走了村庄;②人们失去了良田和家园;③数以千计地人们失去生命;(2>人们纷纷献出爱心,急忙给灾区人民提供了食物和衣服;(3>作为中学生我们应该做什么……Dear schoolmates,A terrible flood hit many places in south China at the beginning of this month. It brought agreat loss to the people there._______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________If everyone gives a hand , our world will become much more beautiful .School committee2018—2018学年度第一学期八年级英语期末测试听力材料A.听对话,从A、B、C三幅图中找出与你所听内容相符地选项.听两遍.1. W : What’s the girl doing?M: She is playing the computer.2. W: What animal is the most popular in China?M: Panda.3. W: What are children doing there now?M: They are discussing with each other.4. M: How will you go to Beijing next month?W: I’ll take a plane to get there.5. M: What’s your favourite hobby ?W: Playing the piano.B.听对话,从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案.听两遍.6. W: Excuse me. What’s the time, please?M: It’s half past three.W. Thank you.7. W: May I speak to Mr. Smith?M: Sorry, he’s not here at the moment. Can I take a message for you?8. W: Would you like to come to my birthday party tomorrow evening?M: I’m sorry, I will be in Shanghai then.9. W: What will the weather be like tomorrow?M: The radio says there will be a heavy rain.10. W: Do you like your new teacher?M: He’s all right. The only problem is that he never stops talkingC.听下面四段材料,从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案.听两遍.听第一段材料,回答第11-12题.W: Can I help you, sir?M: I’m looking for a book about maths.W: Oh, here are some books about maths. Do you like maths?M: No, my son likes maths very much. I’ll take this one.W: Here you are.M: Thank you. Here’s the money.听第二段材料,回答第13-15题.The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Don’t be sad if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It’s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you. The most important thing for learning English is: “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”听第三段材料,回答第16-17题.M: Ticket, pleaseW: How much is it?M: Where are you going to get off?W: I’ll get off at the library behind the post office.M: That will be one yuan.W: Don’t all the tickets cost the same?M: Of course not. If you take one more stop, it will cost you two yuan.W: How much is the dearest?M: Three yuan.听第四段材料,回答第18-20题.W: Tim, Do you hear about the thing that happened in the classroom yesterday afternoon?M: No, Idon’t. What happened?W: Jack and Fred were talking nosily while Mr Hu was giving a lesson and it made him very angry.M: Oh, really? That’s too bad.W: But they said that they wouldn’t do it again.D. 听短文,从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案.听两遍.All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports are good for people's health and make them happy. Sports change with the season.People play different games in winter and in summer.Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere play them. Football, for example, is very popular around the world. People in all countries near the sea or with many rivers prefer swimming.Some sports or games like running or jumping go back to thousands of years. But basketball and volleyball are quite new. Neither of them is over 100 years old.People from different countries may not be able to understand each other before, but they often become good friends after a game.2018—2018学年度第一学期八年级英语期末测试参考答案一、听力1-5CCABB6-10ABCAB 11-15 BABBC16-20BCBBA 21-25 BAACB二、单项选择26-30DCDCB31-35 BAABB 36-40CCDCB41-45 CABBB三、完形填空46-50 BADCD51-55 ACBAB56-60 CDABC四、阅读理解61-65 CCDBD 66-70ABCCD71-75 CCCAC 76-80DBDAC五、用所给词地适当形式填空81. exciting 82. arrival 83. broke 84. herself 85. unusual86. was removing 87. closest 88. moves 89. leaves90. careless 91. worse 92. dishonest93. to get94. gently 95. ninetieth六、阅读表达96. beginning, (air> pollution97. 由于每年人们砍伐越来越多地树木,所以世界自然基金会才要尽力保护地球上地森林.98. One is to stop air pollution and WWF is also interested in saving all plants and animals.99. As people use more land, many animals and plants are losing their homes and die.100. WWF’s goal is to save the world’s environment.七、短文填空101. friends 102. danger 103. take 104. down 105. areas106. live 107. protect 108. duty 109. tell 110. do八、书面表达Dear schoolmates,A terrible flood hit many places in south China at the beginning of this month. It brought a great loss to the people there.The flood brought a great loss. It washed away the villages and towns, so people lost their farmlands and homes. Thousands of people even lost their homes. They had nowhere to live and no food to eat. When people heard the news, they showed their love in different ways. They were in a great hurry to provide food and clothes to the people in disaster areas. Some even gave money to them. As students, I think we should try our best to help the people in need. Let’s save our pocket money and send it to them.If everyone gives a hand , our world will become much more beautiful .School committee申明:所有资料为本人收集整理,仅限个人学习使用,勿做商业用途.。
北师大版七年级上学期期末考试数学试卷(含答案)一
北师大版七年级数学第一学期期末考试试题及答案本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.第Ⅰ卷共2页,满分为48分;第Ⅱ卷共4页,满分为102分.本试题共6页,满分为150分.考试时间为120分钟.答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的考点、姓名、准考证号、座号填写在答题卡上和试卷规定的位置上.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.本考试不允许使用计算器.第I 卷(选择题共48分)注意事项:第Ⅰ卷为选择题,每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.答案写在试卷上无效.一、选择题(本大题共12个小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.﹣12的相反数是( )A .12B .121C .121-D .﹣12 2.下列各图中,表示“射线CD ”的是( )A .B .C .D .3.下列图形中,不是正方体表面展开图的是( )A .B .C .D .4.小明投掷一枚硬币100次,出现“正面朝上”51次,则“正面朝上”的频率为( )A .49B .51C .0.49D .0.515.由5个相同的小正方体组成的几何体如图所示,从正面看该几何体得到的平面图形是( )A .B .C .D .6.世界文化遗产﹣﹣长城的总长约为2100000m ,数据2100000用科学记数法可表示为( )A .0.21×107B .2.1×105C .2.1×106D .21×1057.下列各选项中不是同类项的是( )A .﹣3与13B .2a 与2bC .5x 2y 与﹣2x 2yD .﹣xy 与2yx8.下列调查中最适合采用全面调查的是( )A .调查七(1)班学生定制校服的尺寸B .调查市场上奶制品的质量情况C .调查黄河水质情况D .调查全市《习语近人》节目的观看情况9.若x =1是关于x 的方程2x +a =0的解,则a 的值为( )A .﹣1B .﹣2C .1D .210.一幢房子一面墙的形状由一个长方形和一个三角形组成(如图),若把该墙面设计成长方形形状,面积保持不变,且底边长仍为a ,则这面墙的高度应该为( )A .2b +hB .h b 21C .b +2hD .b +h 11.如图,在正方形ABCD 中,E 为DC 边上一点,沿线段BE 对折后,若∠ABF 比∠EBF 大15°,则∠EBC 的度数是( )A .15°B .20°C .25°D .30°第11题图 第12题图 12.“格子乘法”作为两个数相乘的一种计算方法,最早在15世纪由意大利数学家帕乔利提出,在明代的《算法统宗》一书中被称为“铺地锦”.如图1,计算47×51,将乘数47计入上行,乘数51计入右行,然后以乘数47的每位数字乘以乘数51的每位数字,将结果计入相应的格子中,最后按斜行加起来,得2397.如图2,用“格子乘法”表示两个两位数相乘,则a 的值为( )A .2B .3C .4D .5第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共102分)注意事项:1.第II 卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置,不能写在试卷上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.2.填空题请直接填写答案,解答题应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.二、填空题:(本大题共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分.)13.﹣23= .14.五边形的对角线一共有 条.15.在空气的成分中,氮气约占78%,氧气约占21%,其他微量气体约占1%.若要表示以上信息,最合适的统计图是 .16.如图是一个生日蛋糕盒,这个盒子棱数一共有 条.17.下面的框图表示了小明解方程3(x +5)+x =﹣5的流程:其中,步骤“③”的依据是 .18.已知1<x <a ,写一个符合条件的x (用含a 的代数式表示): .三、解答题:(本大题共9个小题,共78分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)19.(本题4分)计算:(﹣3.2)+12.5+(﹣16.8)﹣(﹣2.5).20.(本题4分)化简:(x +2)﹣(3﹣2x ).21.(本题4分)解方程:3x ﹣2=4+x .22.(本题5分)根据下列语句,画出图形.如图,已知四点A ,B ,C ,D .①画直线AB ;②连接AC 、BD ,相交于点O ;③画射线AD ,BC ,交于点P .23.(本题5分)解方程:36231=+--x x24.(本题6分)如图,是由6个大小相同的小立方体块搭建的几何体,其中每个小正方体的棱长为1厘米.请按要求在方格内分别画出从这个几何体的三个不同方向看到的形状图.25.(本题6分)先化简,再求值:xy +2y 2+2(x 2﹣y 2)﹣2(x 2﹣xy ),其中x =﹣3,y =2.26.(本题6分)有8筐白菜,以每筐25千克为标准,超过的千克数记作正数,不足的千克数记作负数,称后的记录如下:(1)与标准重量比较,8筐白菜总计超过或不足多少千克?(2)若白菜每千克售价2元,则出售这8筐白菜可卖多少元?27.(本题8分)某学校计划在八年级开设“折扇”“刺绣”“剪纸”“陶艺”四门校本课程,要求每人必须参加,并且只能选择其中一门课程,为了解学生对这四门课程的选择情况,学校从八年级全体学生中随机抽取部分学生进行问卷调查,并根据调查结果绘制成如图所示的条形统计图和扇形统计图.(部分信息未给出)请你根据以上信息解决下列问题:(1)参加问卷调查的学生人数为名,补全条形统计图(画图并标注相应数据);(2)“陶艺”课程所对应的扇形圆心角的度数是°?(3)若该校八年级一共有1000名学生,试估计选择“刺绣”课程的学生有多少名?28.(本题8分)某校七年级(1)班想买一些运动器材供班上同学大课间活动使用,班主任安排班长去商店买篮球和排球,下面是班长与售货员的对话:班长:阿姨,您好!售货员:同学,你好,想买点什么?根据这段对话,请你求出篮球和排球的单价各是多少元?29.(本题10分)阅读下面材料:数学课上,老师给出了如下问题如图1,∠AOB=80°,OC平分∠AOB,若∠BOD=20°,请你补全图形,并求∠COD的度数.以下是小明的解答过程:解:如图2,因为OC平分∠AOB,∠AOB=80°,所以∠BOC=∠AOB=°.因为∠BOD=20°,所以∠COD=∠BOC + =°.小静说:“我觉得这个题有两种情况,小明考虑的是OD在∠AOB外部的情况,事实上,OD还可能在∠AOB的内部”.完成以下问题:(1)请你将小明的解答过程补充完整;(2)根据小静的想法,请你在图3中画出另一种情况对应的图形,并求出此时∠COD的度数.30.(本题12分)在数学综合实践活动课上,小亮同学借助于两根小木棒m、n研究数学问题:如图,他把两根木棒放在数轴上,木棒的端点A、B、C、D在数轴上对应的数分别为a、b、c、d,已知|a+5|+(b+1)2=0,c=3,d=8.(1)求m和n的长度;(2)小亮把木棒m、n同时沿x轴正方向移动,m、n的速度分别为4个单位/s和3个单位/s,设平移时间为t (s)①若在平移过程中原点O恰好是木棒m的中点,则t=(s);②在平移过程中,当木棒m、n重叠部分的长为2个单位长度时,求t的值.。
小学六年级数学第一学期期末考试试卷
场比赛,一 12. 六(1)班8 名同学进行乒乓球比赛,每两名同学之间要进行一 )场。 共要比赛( 二、仔细推敲,认真辩析(对的在括号里打" .J ", 错的打"X", 5分)
丿 )、
心 恶
3. 一种商品打 “ 七折 ” 出售, 也就是把这种商品优惠了30%。 ( ) 4. 一个正方形的周长与它的边长的比是4:1。 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 5. 男生比 女生多-, 就是女生比男生少-。 3 3 三、 选择。 把正确答案的序号填在括号里。(5分) 1. 想表示某种品牌奶粉中蛋白质、 钙、 维生素、 糖和其它物质的含量的百分比, ) 。 应该利用( C.折线统计图 B.扇形统计图 A.条形统计图 2. 把10克盐溶解在40克水中,那么盐水中盐的含量为( B. 20% C. 80% A.25% 3. 人不断靠近窗子看到的窗外范围( )。 C. 不变 A.变大 B. 变小 4. 如图, 已知小正方形面积是9平方分米, 图中圆的面积 )平方分米。 是( B. 9. 42 C. 28.26 A.31. 4 5.两个正方体棱长的比是3:5, 它们的体积比是( )。 B.9:25 C.3:5 A.27:125 四、 计算。(24分) 1. 填表。(9分) 比 0. 25 : 1
5 ..:...5 = 6 . 7 7 — --;-80%= 12
= = 1 -4 5 l9 . · + _ -3 l 2
-
20% x = 30
70%x-25%x = 9
六年级数学期末试题第2页共4页
3. 用递等式计算。(9分) 2 I 1 5--:-[ (-+-) X-] 3 5 13
8 8 X99+ — — 25 25
新人教版八年级历史第一学期期末测试题1
八年级历史上册期末试题1一、选择题:本大题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。
在每小题所列出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题意的。
1. 人民健康是民族昌盛和国家富强的重要标志。
下图中反映的历史现象中,哪一项直接对中国人的身体健康造成危害。
()2.中国近代史是一部西方列强的侵华史,也是一部中华民族救亡图存、富国强兵的探索史,以下侵略与探索史实对应正确的一组是()A.鸦片战争——洋务运动B.第二次鸦片战争——辛亥革命C.甲午战争——戊戌变法D.八国联军侵华战争——新文化运动3.“历史不因大清帝国的孤傲和拒绝改变进程,鸦片战争使中国遭遇千年未遇的大变局。
”“大变局”是指()A.中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会B.中国半殖民地化程度大大加深C.中国完全沦为半殖民地半殖封建社会D.中国完全沦为大英帝国殖民地4.电影《十二生肖》讲述了成龙扮演的杰克四处寻找“圆明园”十二生肖中失散的最后四个兽首的故事。
这些精美的艺术珍品流失海外是在()A.第一次鸦片战争时B.第二次鸦片战争时C.甲午中日战争时D.八国联军侵华战争时5.马克思在论及太平天国运动发生的原因时说道“推动了这次大爆炸的毫无疑问是英国的大炮!”在此,马克思旨在强调()A. 两次鸦片战争激化了国内的阶级矛盾B. 英国侵略是太平天国兴起的唯一因素C. 英国领先于世界的军事是矛盾的根源D. 太平天国的斗争矛头最主要指向英国6.鸦片战争后先进的中国人不断探索救国方案,右图是网友归纳的救国方案截图,虽不是很准确,但有些道理。
其中的“李鸿章说:我学”,是指李鸿章等人学习西方技术而开展()A.洋务运动B.戊戌变法C.辛亥革命D.新文化运动7.“割台湾,赔两亿,中国人民争口气。
开口岸,设工厂,清朝政府无法管。
”这首顺口溜便于我们记忆哪一不平等条约的内容()A.《南京条约》B.《马关条约》C.《北京条约》D.《辛丑条约》8.梁启超曾说:“唤起吾国千年之大梦,实自甲午一役始也。
甘肃省广河中学2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
广河中学2022-2023学年度第一学期期末考试高一英语(满分120分)第I卷选择题(70分)第一节:阅读理解(共15题,每题2分,共30分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中选择最佳答案,用2B铅笔在答题卡相应位置处涂黑。
AYouth and Teen CampsSkate4LifeHave you ever wanted to skate like the legends in the X-Games?While developing positive skateboard experiences,participants will learn the fundamentals of skateboarding along with opportunities for advanced techniques,and much more at our skate park!Fun for boys and girls!Age:7—14yearsLocation:West Sacramento Skate ParkFee:$120Dates:December10—December23Camp Lakeside/Camp CCCamp Lakeside and Camp cc are camp programs offered to children ages5-11during summer break.Youth will enjoy exciting and fun actives including game,dramas,sports,and STEAM (Science,Technology,Engineering,Arts and Mathematics)learning opportunities!Age:5—11years of ageCamp Lakeside Location:the Boathouse at Ridgeway Lakes ParkCamp CC Location:the West Sacramento Community CenterFee:$105Dates:June14—July23K.I.D.S.CampA camp program featuring daily at,games,sports and water fun!Free lunch provided each day for youth at sites.K.I.D.S.Camp is offered indoors at local elementary schools in order to stay out of the heat and for those poor air quality days!Don’t worry;participants will still spend time outdoors each day.Age:5—11years of ageFee:$100Dates:July14—August23Just4KicksSoccer initiation is critical to forming a soccer player and vastly beneficial to a child’s development-our methods rest on understanding soccer education and the formation of a player.Age:7—14years of ageLocation:Linden ParkFee:$156Dates:September11—October301.How much does the skateboarding camp cost?A.$100.B.$105.C.$120.D.$156.2.Which offers STEAM learning opportunities?A.Skate4Life.B.Camp CC.C.K.I.D.S.Camp.D.Just4Kicks.3.When will the camp held at Linden Park begin?A.On June14.B.On July14.C.On September11.D.On December10.BThe aim of students who came to school is to study.But to study requires a right way,or you waste either the time or the money.The following are the ways of studying.The best time for reading is morning,because in the morning,the air is fresh and the mind is clear.For that reason,we can get good result.In studying we must have patience.If we have not known a text well,we must read it again.We should not read the next one till we have learned the first one.When we are studying,we must put our hearts into the book,or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading.We must always ask“whys”.If it is not well understood,write it down and ask our teachers or our parents,or friends.In any possible way,we must know it completely and what we’ve learned can be used well and made better.Though there are many ways for studying,yet the above mentioned will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so.4.The passage tells us______.A.the importance of readingB.to pay attention to the ways of studyingC.to read in the morningD.to have patience in studying5.We’d better read in the morning because______.A.it’s easy to remember what we have learnedB.the air is fresh and the mind is clearC.it’s difficult to get good resultsD.both A and B6.If we can’t put our hearts into the book when we read,it is______.A.easy to understand it wellB.better to get something from itC.impossible for us to get something from itD.possible to learn something from it7.In studying we must always ask“whys”in order to______.A.understand the book wellB.write down the questionsC.do with the new wordsD.get some questions to ask our teachersCIf you’re planning on travelling,there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.First of all,always check and double-check departure(起程)time.It is amazing how few people really do this carefully.Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten.My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane left at10:50.When I arrived at the airport,the clerk at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed.Therefore,I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards,it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency(货币)with you when you arrive in a country.This can be necessary if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit.Once I arrived at a place at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed.The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and because I had no dollars,I offered to pay in pounds instead.“Listen!I only take real money!”the driver said angrily.Luckily I was able to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel,but it was embarrassing.The third and last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave.I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suits and raincoats in May,when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester,to places like Athens,Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day.8.According to the passage,the driver was angry because________.A.the author gave him the false(假的)moneyB.the author did not give him the local moneyC.the author offered to pay by credit cardD.the author had no enough change9.The underlined word“embarrassing”in paragraph3probably means________ A.awkward B.frightening C.suitable D.anxious10.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The author tells people to choose warm places as their travel destinations.B.You don’t have to take credit cards when travelling.C.You should know more about the weather of the place you’ll visit.D.It’s unnecessary to check the departure time carefully.11.The writer mainly tells us________.A.how to make life easier B.how to be well prepared for a tripC.how to enjoy ourselves on a trip D.how to plan our tripDChina is a country with many colorful days and festivals.The Dragon Head Raising Day (Longtaitou)is one of them.This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar.It stands for the start of spring and farming.This year,the day falls on March4th.The dragon is important in Chinese culture.We Chinese people call ourselves the“descendants (传人)of the dragon”.Therefore,people celebrate the Dragon Head Raising Day with many customs about dragons.On the day in ancient times,people put ashes(灰)in the kitchen.This was to“lead the dragon into the house”.People believed that with the help of the dragon,they could have a good harvest in autumn.Also,people eat special foods on that day.The foods are usually named after dragons.For example,people eat“dragon whisker(细须)”noodles and dumplings called“dragon teeth”.Today,many customs have faded away.But one that has remained is the cutting of hair.It was said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to the mother’s brothers.So many people have their hair cut on the Dragon Head Raising Day.12.Why is the dragon deeply rooted(扎根)in Chinese culture?A.Chinese people think the dragon is a symbol of power.B.Chinese people see the dragon as a symbol of good luck.C.Chinese people think the dragon stands for the start of spring and farming.. D.Chinese people consider themselves the descendants of the dragon.13.The underlined word in the last paragraph means________.A.disappear gradually B.become strongerC.run away D.die off14.On the day in ancient times,why did people put ashes in the kitchen?A.Because the dragon liked the ashes.B.Because the ashes led the dragon into the house.C.Because the ashes brought a good harvest.D.Because the ashes could bring good luck.15.Which custom has been kept according to the passage?A.Putting ashes in the kitchen.B.Eating dragon whisker noodles and dumplings. C.Cutting hair.D.Eating special foods.第二节:任务型阅读(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,用2B铅笔在答题卡相应位置处涂黑,选项中有两项为多余选项。
高二第一学期期末考试物理试卷含答案
第一学期期末考试试卷高二物理试题一、单选题(每题只有一个正确答案,每题6分,共36分)1关于感应电流,下列说法中正确的是()A.只要穿过线圈的磁通量发生变化,线圈中就一定有感应电流B.只要闭合导线做切割磁感线运动,导线中就一定有感应电流C.若闭合电路的一部分导体不做切割磁感线运动,闭合电路中一定没有感应电流D.当穿过闭合电路的磁通量发生变化时,闭合电路中一定有感应电流2如图所示,匀强磁场垂直于圆形线圈指向纸里, a、b、c、d为圆形线圈上等距离的四点,现用外力作用在上述四点,将线圈拉成正方形.设线圈导线不可伸长,且线圈仍处于原先所在的平面内,则在线圈发生形变的过程中()A.线圈中将产生abcd方向的感应电流B.线圈中将产生adcb方向的感应电流C.线圈中产生感应电流的方向先是abcd,后是adcbD.线圈中无感应电流产生3 A为已知电场中的一固定点,在A点放一电量为q的电荷,所受电场力为F,A点的场强为E,则()A.若在A点换上-q,A点场强方向发生变化B.若在A点换上电量为2q的电荷,A点的场强将变为2EC.若在A点移去电荷q,A点的场强变为零D.A点场强的大小、方向与q的大小、正负、有无均无关4如图四所示,为电场中一条电场线,一个点电荷由静止开始,在电场力作用下,从A点移到B点,下面论述正确的是()A.A处场强大于B处场强;B.点电荷在A处电势能大于在B处电势能;C.点电荷带负电;D.由A到B点电荷受到电场力越来越小。
5如图4所示的电路中,当变阻器R3的滑动触头P向b端移动时()A、电压表示数变大,电流表示数变小B、电压表示数变小,电流表示数变大C、电压表示数变大,电流表示数变大D、电压表示数变小,电流表示数变小6如图所示,一根有质量的金属棒MN,两端用细软导线连接后悬挂于a、b两点.棒的中部处于方向垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场中,棒中通有电流,方向从M流向N,此时悬线上有拉力.为了使拉力等于零,可( ).(A)适当减小磁感应强度(B)使磁场反向(C)适当增大电流强度(D)使电流反向二、多选题(每题6分,少选得3分,共24分)7如图所示是粒子速度选择器的原理图,如果粒子所具有的速率v=E/B 那么( )A .带正电粒子必须沿ab 方向从左侧进入场区,才能沿直线通过B .带负电粒子必须沿ba 方向从右侧进入场区,才能沿直线通过C .不论粒子电性如何,沿ab 方向从左侧进入场区,都能沿直线通过D .不论粒子电性如何,沿ba 方向从右侧进入场区,都能沿直线通过8一个直流电动机所加电压为U ,电流为 I ,线圈内阻为 R ,当它工作时,下述说法中错误的是 ( ) A .电动机的输出功率为U 2/R B .电动机的发热功率为I 2R C .电动机的输出功率为IU-I 2RD .电动机的功率可写作IU=I 2R=U 2/R9.对公式U =Ed 的理解,下列说法正确的是 ( ) A .在相同的距离上的两点,其电势差相等 B .此公式适用于所有的电场中的问题C .公式中的d 是通过两点的等势面的垂直距离D .匀强电场中,沿着电场线的方向,任何相等距离上的电势降落必定相等10平行金属板A 、B 组成的电容器,充电后与静电计相连,如图1—7—8,要使静电计指针张角变大.下列措施中可行的是 ( )A .A 板向上移动B .B 板向右移动C .A 、B 之间插入电介质D .使两板带的电荷量减小三、实验题(每空2分,共16分)11(1)用如图1所示的多用电表测量电阻,要用到选择开关K 和两个部件S 、T 。
2015-2016学年度第一学期期末八年级数学试题(含答案)
2015—2016学年度第一学期期末考试八 年 级 数 学 试 卷试卷说明:本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共4页,满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
答题前,学生务必将自己的姓名和学校、班级、学号等填写在答题卷上;答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;考试结束后,只需将答题卷交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题)一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项正确) 1、9的平方根是( ).A .3B .-3C .±3D .±32、将下列长度的三根木棒首尾顺次连接,能组成直角三角形的是( ).A .1、2、3B . 2、3、4C . 3、4、5D .4、5、63、下列说法:①实数与数轴上的点一一对应;②2a 没有平方根;③任何实数的立方根有且只有一个;④平方根与立方根相同的数是0和1.其中正确的有( ) A .1个 B .2个 C .3个 D .4个4、下列各组图形,可以经过平移变换由一个图形得到另一个图形的是( ).A B C D5、若一个多边形的内角和等于720°,则这个多边形的边数是( ). A .5 B .6 C .7 D .86、为筹备本班元旦联欢晚会,在准备工作中,班长对全班同学爱吃什么水果作了民意调查,再决定最终买哪种水果,下面的调查数据中,他最关注的是( ) A .中位数 B .平均数 C .加权平均数 D .众数7、如图,已知棋子“车”的坐标为(-2,3),棋子“马” 的坐标为 (1,3),则棋子“炮”的坐标为( ).A .(3,1)B .(2,2)C .(3,2)D .(-2,2)8.下列一次函数中,y 的值随着x 值的增大而减小的是( ). A .y =x B .y =-x C .y =x +1 D .y = x -19、如图所示,两张等宽的纸条交叉重叠在一起,则重叠部分ABCD 一定是( ). A .菱形 B .矩形 C .正方形 D .梯形10、一水池蓄水20 m 3,打开阀门后每小时流出5 m 3,放水后池内剩下的水的立方数Q (m 3)与放水时间t (时)的函数关系用图表示为( )A B C D(第9题图)(第7题图)第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分,将答案填写在题中横线上) 11、比较大小:32(填“>”、“<”、或“=”).12、写出一个你所学过的既是轴对称又是中心对称图形的四边形: .13、如图,是用形状、大小完全相同的等腰梯形密铺成的图案,则这个图案中的等腰梯形的底角(指锐角)是 度.14、 如图,若直线l 1:32-=x y 与l 2:3+-=x y 相交于点P ,则根据图象可得,二元一次方程组⎩⎨⎧=+=-332y x y x 的解是 . 15、 如图,在直角坐标平面内的△ABC 中,点A 的坐标为(0,2),点C 的坐标为(5,5),要使以A 、B 、 C 、D 为顶点的四边形是平行四边形,且点D 坐标在第一象限,那么点D 的坐标是 .三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共75分。
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九年级化学上期期末考试试卷1-8单元(一)班级______姓名__________分数_______可能用到的相对原子质量(由教师提供)一、选择题(本题包括15个小题,每小题2分,共30分,每小题只有一个....选项符合题意。
) 1.化学与我们的日常生活息息相关,生活中的下列过程一定涉及到化学变化的是( )A .用活性炭净化生活用水B .点燃液化气烧开水C .用冰制作成冰雕D .蜡烛受热熔化成蜡油2.为了将綦江建设为环境优美的卫生城市,綦江区政府广泛向市民征集意见.市民的下列建议中,你认为不可行...的是( ) A .使用天然气代替液化气作为燃气 B .分类回收垃圾并露天焚烧 C .实施绿化工程,防治扬尘污染 D.使用燃煤脱硫技术,防治SO 2污染3.中央电视台报道过不法分子为牟取暴利,在加工“碧螺春”茶叶的过程中,添加了化工产品“铅铬绿”。
经检测,有的茶叶中铅、铬含量超标高达60倍,这里的铅、铬是指( ) A .元素 B .原子 C .单质 D .离子 4.下图所示的实验操作中正确的是( )5.陕北榆林市定边县堆子梁中学2008年12月1日晚发生12名女生煤气中毒事故。
截至次日中午,11名学生因抢救无效死亡,另一名中毒学生还在抢救中。
教育部发出紧急通知,要求各地切实做好农村寄宿制学校冬季取暖的安全防范工作。
下列关于煤气及其主要成分一氧化碳的说法正确的是( ) A .一氧化碳属于氧化物 B .一氧化碳属于混合物 C .煤气属于纯净物 D .煤气属于单质 6.下面O 2和CO 2的自述中,只利用了物理性质的是( )7.2008年9月,某市“三鹿”奶粉因三聚氰胺严重超标被查处。
三聚氰胺俗称蜜胺、蛋白精,几乎无味,微溶于水,会破坏儿童的泌尿系统,其化学式为C 3H 6N 6。
下列对三聚氰胺的描述错误..的是 ( ) A .三聚氰胺由C 、H 、N 三种元素组成B .三聚氰胺分子中C 、H 、N 的原子个数比为1︰2︰2 C .三聚氰胺中N 元素的质量分数为66.7%D .三聚氰胺中C 、N 两种元素的个数比为1︰28.中国科技大学的科学家在440℃和高压的条件下,利用金属钠与二氧化碳反应制得了金刚石和碳酸钠(该反应的化学方程式为:4Na+3CO 2C+2Na 2CO 3),且金刚石的颗粒有望达到宝石级大小,这将给天然金刚石开采业带来极大挑战。
下列说法不正确...的是( ) A .金刚石是一种单质 B .碳元素是一种非金属元素 C .该反应属于置换反应 D .该反应中生成了新的原子 9.空气是一种宝贵的资源,下列有关空气的说法中正确的是( ) A .空气中含量最多的元素是氧元素B .空气是只由氧气和氮气组成的混合物,其中氧气体积约占空气总体积的51C .空气中分离出的氮气化学性质不活泼,可作食品保鲜的保护气D .空气质量报告中所列空气质量级别的数值越大,空气质量越好 10. 日常生活中的下列做法存在安全隐患的是( )①机动车推广使用乙醇汽油 ②液化石油气罐中残留液体倒入下水道 ③夜晚回家闻到煤气味,迅速开灯查看 ④冬天用煤炉取暖,为防止热量散失而关紧门窗⑤节日大量燃放烟花爆竹,增加喜庆气氛A .全部B .除①外C .除①③外D .除③⑤外 11.下表是元素周期表的一部分,则下列叙述正确的是( )A .16号元素的离子符号是S -2B .氯原子的核外电子排布是C .14号元素是金属元素D .12号元素的相对原子质量是12 12.下列说法正确的是( )A .家用电器着火后可以用水扑灭B .形成酸雨的主要物质是二氧化硫和一氧化碳C .石油是一种混合物,将石油分馏可得到多种产品D .白磷的温度达到500C (白磷着火点400C )就一定能燃烧 13.下列关于实验现象的描述中正确的是( )A .红磷在空气中燃烧,产生大量白雾B .硫在氧气中燃烧发出淡蓝色火焰C .二氧化碳气体通入澄清的石灰水中,澄清石灰水变浑浊D .金属银放入盛有稀盐酸的试管中,金属银逐渐消失A B C D14.下列对相应现象或事实的解释不正确...的是( )15.下列关于溶液的叙述中正确的是( ) A .溶液一定是均一的、稳定的混合物 B .降低温度一定能使不饱和溶液变为饱和溶液 C .任何溶液中只可能含有一种溶质D .一定温度下,物质的溶解度随溶剂质量的变化而变化二、选择题(本题包括5个小题,每小题3分,共15分,每小题只有一个....选项) 16.下列观点中正确的是( )A .改变物质的性质不一定要通过化学变化B .通过化学变化可以改变原子的种类和个数C .所有原子核都是由质子和中子构成的D .化学反应都发生放热现象17.小青在实验室中用下列方法制取气体:①用锌和稀硫酸制取氢气 ②用双氧水和二氧化锰制取氧气 ③用石灰石和稀盐酸制取二氧化碳气体。
小青的下列做法中错误的是( )A .三个实验中都没对气体发生装置进行加热B .采用排水法收集氢气和氧气C .采用向下排空气法收集二氧化碳气体D .实验前先检查装置的气密性 18.根据实践经验,你认为下列家庭小实验不能..成功的是( ) A .在锁孔里放入少量铅笔芯粉末,使锁的开启变得更灵活 B .用冷碟子放在蜡烛火焰的上方制炭黑 C .用6B 铅笔芯做导电性实验D .将自来水通过“自制简易净水器”制蒸馏水19.将一定质量的A 、B 、C 、D 四种物质放入一密闭容器中,在一定条件下反应一段时间后,测得反应后各物质的质量如下:..A .B 一定是反应物 B .D 可能是催化剂C .反应后A 物质的质量为4.4gD .反应中A 与B 的化学计量数之一定是为2:120.20 ℃时,向一盛有40 g 氯化钠固体的烧杯内加入100 g 水,充分搅拌后静置,烧杯底部仍有未溶解的氯化钠固体,过滤得到澄清溶液和4 g 氯化钠固体。
下列有关叙述错误..的是( ) A .该溶液中溶质的质量是36 g B .20℃时氯化钠在水中的溶解度为36 gC .该溶液中溶质的质量分数等于36%D .所得澄清溶液为饱和溶液 三、填空与简答(本题包括7个小题,共33分) 21.(3分)请用化学用语填空(1)2个钠离子______ _;(2)氟元素_______;(3)3个二氧化硫分子_______。
22.(7分)2008年5月12日,我国汶川发生大地震。
全国人民“众志成城,抗震救灾”。
(1)“拯救生命是第一位的”,为搜救埋在废墟下的幸存者,调用了许多搜救犬。
搜救犬能根据人体发出的气味发现幸存者。
从微观的角度分析搜救犬能发现幸存者的原因是(填字母) 。
A .分子还可再分B .不同分子体积不同 C .分子不断运动 D .分子间有间隔(2)地震中许多原有的水源被破坏。
新的水源需经过检测和处理后才能作为饮用水使用。
我国规定水质必须在感官性指标、化学指标、病理学指标等方面均达标方可作为生活饮用水。
①感官性指标的基本要求为:不得含有肉眼可见物,水应澄清透明。
为达到此要求,首先在需要处理的水中加入絮凝剂进行凝聚、沉降,然后过滤。
现有下列仪器和用品:漏斗、烧杯和滤纸,实验室中在进行过滤操作时还缺少的玻璃仪器是____ ____________。
②化学指标中包括水源的硬度。
生活中常用肥皂水检验水样的硬度,若水的硬度较大,则加入肥皂水后的现象是 。
(3)为防止灾后疫情的发生,某医疗小分队需要用300 kg 溶质的质量分数为0.5%的过氧乙酸溶液对灾民的居住环境进行消毒。
该医疗小分队配制所需溶液需要用溶质质量分数为15%的过氧乙酸溶液 kg ,配制的主要步骤是: 、 、 。
23.(7分)生活中处处有化学,请你用所学的化学知识解释或回答下列问题:(1)新装修的房屋内空气中通常含有较多的甲醛(CH 2O )、苯(C 6H 6)等有毒物质。
在搬入新装修的房屋之前,可以采取的减轻室内空气污染的措施之一是____ ________ 人们还可利用“光触媒”技术——即用TiO 2作光催化剂,将上述有害物质转化为二氧化碳和水,降低室内空气污染,这一转化过程属于 变化(填“物理”或“化学”),所用的TiO 2中Ti 的化合价为___ 价。
(2)使用金属钨而不使用金属锡作灯丝的原因是:___ ____ ______。
(3)2013年某市政府启动了天然气改造工程,写出天然气(主要成分是甲烷)燃烧的化学方程式:______________________ __________。
(4)生活中可以用稀盐酸清洗铁制器皿表面的铁锈,其反应的化学方程式为:Fe 2O 3+6HCl=2X+3H 2O ,则X 的化学式为: 。
24.(5分)氢气、氧气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳是初中化学学习中常见的四种气体,请根据下列要求对四种物质进行判断,并填写在空白处。
(1)具有可燃性的气体是: 、 _。
(2)密度比空气大的气体是 、 。
(3)具有毒性的是: ___。
25.(6分)已知A~G 七种物质之间存在如下图所示的转化关系。
其中A 、C 、G 均为单质,D 是相对分子质量最小的氧化物。
试回答(1)写出下列物质的化学式:单质A_____ __,氧化物D _______。
(2)写出反应④的化学方程式:________ _____________ ___。
(3)写出下列反应所属的基本类型:反应①_____ _ _,反应③ ___。
26.(3 分)下图所示都是研究物质组成的实验装置。
从研究方法得知,A 实验是利用可燃物消耗瓶内的 ,瓶内压强减小,根据进入集气瓶中水的体积来推测空气里氧气含量的。
B 实验是通过生成物的性质来推测生成物的 ,进而来断水的组成的。
而C 实验与 (填“A ”或“B ”)实验采用的原理相同。
27.(2分)市场上销售的一种“加碘盐”,包装袋上的部分文字说明如下表:请根据包装袋上的这部分文字说明回答下列问题:(1)“加碘盐”属于 物(填“纯净”戓“混合”)。
(2)写出碘酸钾的任意一条性质 。
四.实验与探究(本题包括3个小题,共16分)28.(4分)某化学兴趣小组用金属活动顺序表中的三种固体(常温下)金属X 、Y 、Z 进行了如下实验:①将三种金属分别放入稀硫酸中,只有Z 不发生反应;②将Z 放入硝酸银溶液中,反应一段时间后,在Z 的表面有金属银析出。
请根据以上实验事实回答下列问题:(1)X 、Y 两种金属活动性的比较 。
A .X 比Y 活泼 B .Y 比X 活泼 C .无法判断(2)金属Z 的名称是 ,写出在Z 表面析出金属银的化学反应方程式 。
29.(8分)通过一学期的学习,同学们应该知道有多种途径可以制取氧气。
例如:A .电解水B .分离液态空气C .加热高锰酸钾(1)请同学根据你所学知识,再想出另外两种实验室制取氧气的方法(用化学方程式表示): D . ; E . 。