M1U1 定语从句之关系代词(学生版)

一、什么是定语定语是对名词或者代词进行修饰或者限定的成分,定语一般可以翻译成“….的”二、定语可以由什么充当。

the green team ______________a girl in red _______________a book written by Luxun _____________the girl sitting next to me ______________the work to be done __________________a lady who sat next to a black man ______________________三、定语从句的三大要素1. 定语从句______________________________________________2. 先行词__________________________________________________3. 关系词（关系代词、关系副词）_________________________________关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why四、判断下列复合句中的从句是否为定语从句。

1. The man that helped you is Mr. White.2. Our teachers and parents hoped that we can enter a good university after graduating from Huairen high school three years later.3. This is the school bag which my mother bought me yesterday.4. The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.5. China is no longer what it used to be.6. I don’t know the boy whom you gave the book to just now五、关系词的三大功能1. 引导定语从句2. 在从句中替代先行词（从句中不能再出现先行词或代替先行词的代词）3. 在定语从句中充当一定的成分功能2讲解：判断下列两组定语从句的正误①The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.②The student whom we saw him just now is the best runner in our school.③The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.④The trees which they are behind the office building have lost their leaves.功能3讲解见课本P8六、关系代词的用法1. 在定语从句中，当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用that 或which, 在从句中可以做主语或宾语，其中做宾语时可以被省略。

•The earthquake which/that happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history.•The train which/that h as just left is for Shanghai.•He likes the birthday presents that/which/ his friends gave him.•I’ll tell you the things that/which/ I have heard练练吧：①The paintings ______________ David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.②This is the book ____________ I bought yesterday.③This is the factory ___________ produces famous bikes.④We all hope to enter a university _____________ is beautiful and famous.2. 在定语从句中，当先行词为人时，关系代词可以用that, who, whom, 其中that 和who 在从句中可以做主语或者宾语，whom 只能做宾语，做宾语时，这三个关系代词都可以被省略掉。

•I’m going to see a friend who/that has just come back from the UK.•She is the teacher who/that taught us English Literature.•The student whom/who/that we saw at the school gate is from America.•I don’t know the man whom/who/that my mother is talking to.练练吧：①Do you know the student ____________ left a moment ago?②Most of the students _______________ he taught have become his friends.③A football fan is a person _________ has a strong interest in football.④The students _____________ have finished your homework put up your hands.3. whose 在定语从句中表示一种所属关系，可翻译为“…的”，既可以指人，也可以指物，相当于of which/whom. 在定语从句中做定语。

•I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.= I sat nest to a girl the name of whom was Diane.•The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.= The club the members of which are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.练练吧：①A person __________ email account（邮箱）is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails.②His parents wouldn’t let him marry the girl ___________ family was poor.③The book ___________ cover is green is mine.④Weihua attended a school in the UK ___________ school hours are quite different from the school hours in China.七、五个关系代词的用法小结八、定语从句谓语动词的单复数应该和先行词保持一致。

1. I, who _______ (be) your friend, will try my best to help you.2. Li Ying is one of the girls in the village ________ to college.A. who goesB. who goC. who wentD. who had gone3. Li Ying is the only one of the girls in the village ____ to college.A. who goesB. who goC. who wentD.who had gone九、当先行词为物时，只能使用关系代词that 引导定语从句的情况修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分◆使用that的情况：1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。

e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。

e.g. I have some books that are very good.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。

e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.e.g. China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .e.g. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。

e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.8.当先行词又有人又有物时。

e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.◆只能使用which的情况。