高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship课堂导学 新人教必修1

课堂导学
文本感知
1.What kind of friends did Anne want best?
A.She wanted a friend who could help her when she was in difficulty.
B.She wanted a friend who could share her feelings and thoughts.
C.She wanted a friend who could laugh at her.
D.She wanted a friend who could keep a record of facts for her.
答案：B
2.Why did Anne make Kitty her best friend?
A.Because Kitty was helpful when Anne was in trouble.
B.Because Anne and Kitty were neighbors from childhood.
C.Because Kitty was also a Jewish.
D.Because Anne had no other choices at that time.
答案：D
3.From the letter to Kitty,we can see that______.
A.Anne loves Kitty very much
B.Anne looks forward to freedom
C.Anne loves indoor life
D.Anne isn t interested in nature
答案：B
4.Why didn’t Anne dare open a win dow at a bright night?
A.Because she feared they were discovered and caught.
B.Because her eyes would be hurt by the moon light.
C.Because the thief might climb in.
D.Because it was too cold outside.
答案：A
5.From the passage,we can conclude that______.
A.people didn t dare to make friends with the Jewish during that time
B.the Jewish liked to lead a hidden life
C.the Jewish didn t like to make friends
D.Anne’s family lived in Amsterdam until they were caught by Nazis
答案：A
难名透视
1.Your friend comes to school very upset.
你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。

剖析:upset是形容词,意为“心烦意乱的,苦恼的”,作主语补足语,描述主语friend的状态。

2.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that
I ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

剖析:这句话包含两个句式:I wonder if...“我想知道是否……”;在it is之后表原因的从句中，只能用because来引导;be crazy about是固定短语,意为“对……狂热”;to
do with nature是后置定语修饰everything,意为“与自然界有关系的” 。

3.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
我记得非常清楚,以前,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未令我心迷神往过。

剖析:“when a deep...”是定语从句,先行词是a time; could have done用来对过去的情况进行猜测;spellbound是过去分词,作宾补,描述宾语的状态,表示被动,意为“迷住;迷惑”。

4.Another time some months ago,I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open.
还有一次,就在几个月以前的一个晚上,我碰巧在楼上,窗户是开着的。

剖析:happen to do表示“碰巧做某事;恰巧做某事”;when the window was open是定语从句,修饰one evening。

5.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face...
漆黑的夜晚,风吹雨打,雷电交加;我全然被这种力量镇住了。

这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
剖析:hold sb. in one’s power 使某人完全处在……的力量之中;在It was the first time+that clause的句型中，that引导的从句用过去完成时表示虚拟;face to face 是方式状语,意为“面对面”。

6.I do want to change this situation,but I don’t know how.
我的确想改变目前的情形,但我又不知道怎么做。

剖析:do want是一种强调用法,助动词do对动词want进行强调,意为“的确”。

7.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
如果你能给我一些忠告,我将十分感激。

剖析:该句使用了虚拟语气,主句用would;从句用could。

要注意,在表示请求的句式中使用虚拟语气,可使得你的请求委婉客气。

要点解读
活学巧用
一、词汇详解
1.add vt.增加;添加;补充说
vi. 加;加起来;增添
【典型例句】
The fire is going out; will you add some wood?
火快熄了,请你加些木柴好吗?
I should add that we are very pleased.
我要补充说的是我们非常高兴。

Add up these figures,please.
请把这些数字加起来。

Her arrival added to our pleasure.
她的到来增添了我们的快乐。

【相关链接】
add in算入; 包括
add on加到上; 附加; 包括
add to 增加,加到
add up加起来,总计
add up to总计共达; (总起来看)等于说
单项填空
(1)The pair of giant pandas called Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan the pleasant atmosphere at the Spring Festival Evening Party.
A.added
B.added to
C.added in
D.added on
提示:added to在此句中表示“增添了春节晚会的愉快气氛”。

答案:B
(2)______is known to all,good friends________happiness and value to life.
A.It;add
B.As;add
C.It;add up
D.As;add to
提示:as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”。

句中已有介词to,所以只能用add。

答案:B
2.point n. 点;尖端;分数
【典型例句】
It looks like the point of a needle.它像是针尖。

Do you have a pencil with a sharper point?
你有尖一点的铅笔吗?
Our team scored five points.
我们队得了五分。

【相关链接】
(1)point作名词用时,可用于引申义,意为“有意义;有道理;要点”。

例如:
I can’t see the point of what you said.
我看不出你说的话有什么意义。

(2)point还可作动词用,意为“指向;指出来”。

例如:
It’s rude to point your fingers at people.
用手指指人是很不礼貌的。

The hands of the clock then pointed to half past three.
那时时针指向三点半。

He pointed out that they were mistaken.
他指出他们错了。

(3)point构成的短语:
on the point of doing sth.正想做某事
point at sth.指向某物
point to 指向(强调方向)
point out指出;把注意力引向
in point of就……而言;关于……
make a point of 特别注意
to the point 切题
单项填空
(1)The most important_______of his speech was that we should all work for the people whole-heartedly.
A.element
B.spot
C.sense
D.point
提示:point在这里是“要点；要领”的意思。

sense意思是“意识,意思”, element 意思是“元素”。

答案:D
(2)It is bad manners to talk to other persons with your_______him or her.
A.pointing to
B.pointing at
C.pointing out
D.pointing on
提示:point out的意思是“指出”,point to 和point at 都有“指着”的意思,然而point at多指具体的东西,而point to侧重方向。

答案:B
(3)I’m glad you’ve come;I am______telephoning you.
A.at the point of
B.to the point of
C.on the point of
D.in the point of
提示:句意:你来了我真高兴,我正想给你打电话呢。

on the point of意为“正要做某事”。

答案:C
3.upset vt.&vi. (upset,upset;upsetting)使不安;使心烦
adj. 心烦意乱的;不适的;不舒服的
【典型例句】
Don’t upset yourself—no harm has been done.
不要难过——并没有造成伤害。

I’m always upset when I don’t get any mail.
我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。

He has an upset stomach.他胃不舒服。

【知识小结】
upset作动词用,其现在分词upsetting意为“令人不安的”;过去分词upset已转化为形容词,在句中可作表语或定语。

【相关链接】
(1)upset作动词用时,也可表示“打翻,弄翻”。

例如:
I upset the soup all over the table.
我把汤打翻在桌上了。

(2)upset作名词用时,意为“翻倒;倾覆;推翻心烦意乱”。

例如:
She had a major emotional upset.
她情绪上受到了沉重的打击。

完成句子
（1）他因为儿子的意外事故而十分懊恼。

He________his son’s accident.
(2)这坏天气会把我们野餐的计划打乱。

The bad weather will____________for a picnic.
(3)她把茶打翻在桌子上。

She______________over the table.
(4)人家没有邀请他，他很不痛快。

He was____________not being invited.
答案：
（1）was upser by/over
(2)upset our plan
(3)upset her/the tea
(4)upset at
4.ignore vt.不理睬；不顾
【典型例句】
Ignore the child if he misbehaves,and he will soon stop.
孩子胡闹时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。

He ignored the doctor’s advice.
他不顾医生的忠告。

【相关链接】
ignorance n.无知；不知
be in ignorance of sth.不知某事
from ignorance 出于无知
单项填空
I tried to persuade him not to keep in touch with her,but what I said was always______.
A.accepted
B.received
C.ignored
D.noticed
提示：accept“接受”；receive “收到”； ignore “不理睬”； notice “注意到”。

根据句意“我竭力劝他不要和她联系，可他总是不听”可知答案。

答案：C
5.calm adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的
vt.&vi. (使)平静;(使)镇定
【典型例句】
You should keep calm even in face of danger.
即使面临危险,你也应当保持镇静。

The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.
大风过后,大海又恢复了平静。

Have a brandy and it ll help to calm you (down).
来点儿白兰地，它能使你静下来。

【相关链接】
(1)calm构成的短语:
calm down使平息,使平静
Keep calm!安静!保持镇静!
the calm before the storm暴风雨前的平静
(2)calm/quiet/still/silent的区别:
calm常指天气平静、无风,海无浪,心境镇定,无忧虑,镇静自若,强调外表等。

quiet “静止的、宁静的,没有激动、烦恼、忧虑的”,强调没有扰乱,没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。

例如:
Ask the children to make less noise and keep quiet.
让孩子们小点声,保持安静。

still “静止不动”“平静”,突出不发出动作。

例如:
Please stand still while I am ready to take the photo graph.
站着别动,我给你们照相。

silent “声音极小的、沉默的、寡言的”。

例如:
John is a silent,thoughtful boy.
约翰是个不爱讲话,喜欢思考的孩子。

选词填空
calm/still/quiet/silent
(1)Although she was frightened,she answered with a__________voice.
(2)The house was__________because every-one was asleep.
(3)The roads are usually_________in the afternoon.
(4)After the storm it became_________again.
(5)It was very late and the night was__________.
(6)There was no wind and the trees were_________.
答案: (1)calm (2)silent (3)quiet (4)calm (5)still (6)still
单项填空
（7）The waters of the lake were so_______that it looked like glass.
A.silent
B.calm
C.still
D.quiet
提示:silent强调“没有声音”;calm强调心情的平静或没有波动,因此符合题意;still强调没有走动,如stand still;quiet强调井然有序。

答案:B
6.concern vt 涉及;关系到
n. 关心;关注;(利害)关系
【典型例句】
These problems concern all of us.
这些问题影响到我们每一个人。

He was concerned in the crime.
他与那起犯罪案件有牵连。

We’re rather concerned about father s health.
我们相当担心父亲的健康。

We are not concerned with this accident.
我们与这次事故没有任何关系。

That’s no concern of mine.那不关我的事。

【相关链接】
(1)concern构成的习语:
as/so far as...be concerned 关于;至于;就……而言
be concerned about 关心
be concerned over sth.为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth.和某事有牵连
be concerned with牵涉到,与……有关；参与
everyday concerns 日常事务
have a concern in和……有利害关系
have no concern for毫不关心
have no concern with 和……毫无关系
it is no concern of mine 这不关我（你）的事
of much concern 很重要；很有关系
of no concern无关紧要；没有意义
(2)concerning prep. 关于
We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
我们读了关于天外来客的故事。

单项填空
(1)The speech which he made______the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
A.being concerned
B.be concerned
C.concerned
D.concerning
提示:concerning在此句中是介词作定语,修饰speech。

答案:D
(2)_____I’m concerned,they have no way of keeping away from the danger.
A.As long as
B.As far as
C.Just as
D.Even if
提示:as far as...be concerned是固定短语,意为“就……而言”。

答案:B
翻译句子
(3)你最好不要介入这种事。

You’d better not_________such things.
(4)他做什么都不关我的事。

What he does is_____________.
(5)她一生都从事于照料穷人的工作。

She has__________caring for the poor all her life.
答案:
(3)concern yourself in/with
(4)no concern of mine
(5)been concerned in/with
7.pay for 付钱;支付;付出代价;受惩罚
【典型例句】
I paid ￡1000 for this house.
我买这所房子花了一千英镑。

I’m quite able to pay for this suit.
这套衣服的钱我完全付得起。

He will have to pay for this foolish behaviour.
他将要为这种愚蠢行为而受到惩罚。

【知识小结】
pay后面接要付的钱数或表示代价的名词;for后面接表示目的性的名词作宾语。

【相关链接】
pay back 偿还;报复
pay off 还清(债务);得到回报;成功
pay out 花费;支出
介副词填空
(1)How can I pay you_______for all your kindness?
(2)You will pay_________your dishonesty.
(3)They have paid_________a lot on repairing that house.
(4)Can you lend me some money—I can pay you___________tomorrow.
(5)After all these years,we ve at last paid all our debts.
(6)Our plan certainly paid_________,it was a great idea.
答案: (1)back (2)for (3)out (4)back (5)off (6)off
8.should have done sth.本来该做某事
【典型例句】
You should have kept the matches under lock and key.
你本应该把火柴保管好的。

The flowers have died.I should have watered them often.
这些花儿都死了。

我本来应该常给他们浇水的。

(其实没浇水)
【知识小结】
叙述现在或将来应该做某事时,用“should+do”;叙述过去的情况,表示“本来应该做而实际上没有做的事情”,用should have done sth.形式。

【相关链接】
(1)ought to have done sth.=should have done sth.本来应该做某事,而实际上没有完成。

例如：
You ought to have told me of the bad news earlier.
你应该及早告诉我这个坏消息。

(2)should和ought to还可用来表示推断,意为“想必；应当”。

例如：
They should be home by now.
他们现在应当已经到家了。

There’s a fine sunset;it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。

(3)should还可表示说话者的惊奇,意为“竟然”。

例如 :
It’s strange that she should have cheated in the exam.
她竟然在考试中作弊真是奇怪。

单词填空
(1)Oh,I am not feeling well in the stomach.I______so much fried chicken just now.
A.shouldn’t eat
B.mustn’t have eaten
C.shouldn’t have eaten
D.mustn’t eat
答案:C
(2)I was really anxious about you.You______home without a word.
A.mustn’t leave
B.shouldn’t have left
C.couldn’t have left
D.needn’t leave
提示:句意:你不应该一句话没说就离开家。

含有责备的意思,做了不应该做的事情。

答案:B
(3)We were all surprised that Tom______have got the highest mark in the maths test.
A.could
B.should
C.might
D.would
提示:should 在此句中表示说话者感到惊奇。

答案:B
9.share vt. 分享;均分;分担
n. 一份;份额
【典型例句】
The money was shared out between them.
这笔钱由他们两人分。

Can I share the room with you tonight?
今晚我可不可以与你同住一个房间？
We shared in his joy.我们分享了他的喜悦。

I have done my share of the work.
我已经做了我分内的工作。

【相关链接】
share构成的短语:
share out （among/between）分配
have/take a (one’s) share 分担; 参加
share...with...与……共享/共用/共同承担
share in 共同承担/共享
单项填空
(1)—Can you do a bit for the plan?
—Sorry,I’ve no time_____and I can’t______the cost of it.
A.spare;share
B.to spare;share
C.share;spare
D.to share;spare
提示:spare表示“抽出(时间、金钱)”;第二个空用share意为“分担”。

答案:B
(2)Every one of us agrees to take a______in the rent.
A.money
B.share
C.part
D.pay
提示:句意:我们每个人都同意共同承担租金。

share在此句中是名词,意为“一份”。

答案:B
10.go through 经历；经受；仔细检查；用完；被通过；参加；搜查；履行
【典型例句】
I went through the students’ papers last night.
昨晚我仔细批阅了学生的作业。

You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.
你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。

Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。

【相关链接】
常用带go的短语：
go in for...爱好……
go with...与……调和
go on继续；发生
go out熄灭
go by经过
go ahead前进；好吧
go over走过去；仔细检查；复习
填空
(1)We shall have to__________________if we are to make a success of it.
(2)If you think you can solve the problem,_________________________.
(3)He________________and begged for mercy.
(4)The bomb____________________and killed ten people .
(5)A lot of students__________________playing basketball ,football or volleyball.
(6)How did you_____________________in your examination?
答案：(1)go all out
(2)go ahead
(3)went down on his knees
(4)went off
(5)go in for
(6)go on
11.set down 放下；写下；记下
【典型例句】
It is unnecessary to set down everything your teacher told in the class.
没有必要把老师在课上说的所有内容都记下来。

The bus stopped to set down an old lady.
公共汽车停下来让一位老妇人下车。

【相关链接】
常用带set的短语：
set up建立；创立；树立
set out to do/set about doing sth.开始/着手做某事
set off/out for/to a place 出发去某地
set off出发；使爆炸；引起
set aside/by 保留，贮存……
set sb.free 释放某人
set fire to点火
填空
(1)I still remembered the day when the enemy came and______________all the houses.
(2)That evening he______________writing the report.
(3)We’ll_____________for Shanghai some day next week.
(4)The prisoners were______________.
(5)The first TV station was_____________in Beijing in 1958.
答案：(1)set fire to
(2)set about
(3)set out/off
(4)set free
(5)set up
12.could have done sth. 本来能够做某事;可能做了某事
【典型例句】
You could have finished the work in time.
你本来能够按时完成工作的。

He couldn’t have been so careless.
他不可能那么粗心。

【相关链接】
情态动词+have done sth.
(1)“may(might) have+done sth.”“can (could) have+done sth.”,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

要注意,can have done只能用在疑问句和否定句中。

例如：
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
菲利浦可能在那次交通事故中受了重伤。

(2)“must have done sth.”表示对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思。

例如：
—Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.
琳达已上班了,但她的自行车仍然在这儿。

—She must have gone by bus.
她肯定是坐公共汽车去的。

要注意：must have have done的否定形式是can’t have done。

(3)ought to have done sth.,should have done sth. 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。

否定式表示“不该做某事而做了”。

例如：
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.
他本不该扔掉这些旧衣服。

(事实上已扔了)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

(4)needn’t have done sth.本没必要做某事。

例如：
It is warm today.You needn’t have worn your coat.
今天天气暖和,你本来不必穿大衣的。

单项填空
(1)—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh,did you?You________with Barbara .
A.could have stay
B.could stay
C.would stay
D.must have stay
提示:could have 是对过去事实的虚拟,表达了与过去事实相反的情况。

答案:A
(2)Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion,otherwise she something she would regret later.
A.had said
B.said
C.might say
D.might have said
提示:只有D项能表达该做而没做的虚拟语气。

答案:D
(3)—I rang your home yesterday.A man answered but I didn t recognize the voice.
—Oh,it my brother,Peter.
A.must be
B.must have been
C.can have been
D.might be
提示:根据“我昨天朝你家里打的电话”，这是对过去情况的推测判断,应该用must have done结构。

答案:B
(4)He is not poor.You_______have lent him the money.
A.can’t
B.needn’t
C.couldn’t
D.mustn’t
答案:B
13.in order to 为了……
【典型例句】
Every day she listens to English over the radio in order to improve her pronunciation.
她每天听英语广播,为了提高英语发音水平。

In order not to be late,I got up very early.
为了不迟到,我早起床了。

【相关链接】
(1)in order to与so as to的区别:
so as to 和 in order to 后接动词表示目的,相当于动词不定式表目的的用法,它们不同的地方在于:in order to短语可用在句首,而so as to短语不能。

例如：
He ran quickly so as not to be caught.
他跑得很快以便不被逮着。

In order not to be caught,he ran quickly.
(2)in order that与so that的区别:
in order that只能引导目的状语从句，而so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。

在目的状语从句中,谓语用“could/might/would+do”。

例如：
He hurried home in order that he could watch the “Super Girl” programme.
他急忙赶回家,目的是能及时收看到“超女”节目。

单项填空
(1)All these gifts must be mailed immediately______in time for Christmas.
A.in order to have received
B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received
D.so as to be receiving
提示:in order to和so as to都可在句末表示目的,但只有C项是被动形式。

答案:C
(2)He kept silent about the boss’ dishonest behavior his job.
A.in order not to lose
B.so not as to lose
C.so as to lose not
D.no so as to lose
提示:in order to和so as to的否定形式是在to前面加not。

答案:A
14.dare vt .敢;胆敢
【典型例句】
I dare to jump down from the top of the wall.
我敢从墙头上跳下来。

She doesn’t dare (to) meet her teacher’s eyes.
她不敢与老师对视。

How dare she do things like that to me?
她怎么敢对我做那种事?
—Dare you catch the mouse?
你敢去抓那只老鼠吗？
—I daren’t do that.我不敢抓。

She dared not go alone on the street at night.
夜晚,她不敢独自走在街上。

If you dare say that to our teacher,you’ll be punished .
如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事,就会受到惩罚。

【知识小结】
dare用作实义动词,后接动词不定式,在否定句中,可省略to,且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。

dare用作情态动词,后跟动词原形,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,没有人称、数的变化,但有时态变化。

【相关链接】
(1)dare作及物动词用时,还可表示“敢于面对;挑战”。

例如:
She dared the anger of her father.
她不怕惹她父亲发火。

He dared me to jump over the stream.
他激我跳过小溪。

(2)dare作名词用时,意为“挑战;激将”。

例如:
I took his dare to jump.我接受他的挑战而跳了。

(3)dare构成的习语:
I dare say （作插入语用）我想；大概；可能；或许
take a dare<口>接受挑战(特指去做危险事或 蠢事)
dare sb.to do sth.(挑战用语)估计某人不敢(或没有能力)做某事
完成句子
(1)他不敢把车停放在那里。

He did not________his car there.
(2)我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。

I wonder how he________such things.
(3)我谅你不敢双手撒把骑着自行车通过大门。

I_______________your bike through the gate with no hands.
(4)我认为今天要下雨。

I____________it will rain today.
(5)即使你敢(做)我也不让你做。

I won’t let you do it_________________.
答案:
(1)dare(to) leave
(2)dares to say/dare say
(3)dare you to ride
(4)dare say
(5)even if you dare (do it)
单项填空
(6)Mary came into the house nervously,_______to lift her head.
A.not daring
B.daredn’t
C.daring not
D.didn’t dare
提示:作实义动词用的dare才有各种形式的变化。

答案:A
(7)—Jemmy likes to hang about in the street and doesn t do his job.
—I_______he will be dismissed by his boss.
A.dare to say
B.must say
C.need to say
D.dare say
提示:dare say是习惯说法。

表示“敢说”,此情况下不用dare to say。

答案:D
15.suffer vt.&vi. 遭受；蒙受；受痛苦
【典型例句】
They suffered a lot in the flood.
在洪水中他们遭受了很大的损失。

The peasants suffered from heavy taxes and hunger at that time.
在那时农民受重税和饥饿之苦。

She was suffering from light infection and sore throat.
她患有轻度感染，咽喉疼。

【知识归纳】
suffer用作及物动词时，意为“遭受；蒙受”，后接pain，defeat,loss,poverty,hunger 等名词。

用作不及物动词时，意为“受痛苦”，常用句型“suffer from...”。

【相关链接】
suffering n.痛苦；苦难
单项填空
(1)All the villagers______great damage due to the earthquake.
A.caused
B.led to
C.suffered
D.suffered from
提示:句意:由于地震,所有的村民遭受了巨大的损失。

suffer意为“遭受”时，为不及物动词。

答案:C
(2)—How is she recently?
—She has been_______a high fever for several days.
A.suffering
B.suffering from
C.fallen
D.catching
提示：suffer from a high fever发高烧。

答案：B
16.get along/on with
【典型例句】
How are you getting along with your work?
工作进展如何？
Tom gets on very nicely with his classmates.
汤姆同他的同学相处得很好。

The project is getting on much better now.
工程进展得顺利多了。

【知识小结】
(1)sb.get（s) along/on with sb.与……相处
(2)sth. be getting along/on “某事进展（如何）”，问某人做某事进展如何，用现在进行时。

【相关链接】
get through 完成
get in 进入；收割
get over 克服（困难）
get away 逃脱
get off 下车
单项填空
（1）My parents are wondering_______I can get along with my new classmates. A.how B.what
C.that
D.where
提示:get along with意义不完整,需要加方式状语how。

答案:A
（2）Readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A.get over
B.get in
C.get along
D.get through
提示：get over 克服（困难）；get in 进入；get along 进展，进行；get through 完成，通过。

从题意及这四个动词短语的意思可知答案。

答案：C
二、句型剖析
1.get sth.done=have sth.done
【典型例句】
I have to get my bicycle repaired.
我得把自行车修一修。

(是叫别人去修)
Have you got your homework finished?
你完成你的作业了吗?(完成动作的主语是you)
【知识小结】
get sth. done,get是使役动词,在意义上相当于have,意为“使”;done与sth.是被动关系。

【相关链接】
(1)get+宾语+doing 使……开始处于某种状态
I’ll get the car going.我要使车发动起来。

(2)get sb. to do sth.=have sb. do sth.使得或劝服某人做某事
He got many people to help him.
他使得许多人帮助他。

完成句子
(1)他让他妹妹帮他做家庭作业。

He got___________________________him with his homework.
(2)我简直无法叫她开口说话。

I can’t get______________________________________at all.
(3)你能把这机器发动起来吗?
Can you get_________________________________________?
(4)爬山使我们都累了
The climb got .
(5)他急于把这件事办好。

He was anxious to get___________________________________.
(6)你能使这个钟重新走起来吗？
Can you get___________________________________________again?
答案:
(1)his sister to help(2)her to talk
(3)the machine running
(4)all of us tired (5)it done
(6)the clock going
2.连词+形容词或分词
Please speak English if (it is) possible and use Chinese when (it is ) necessary.
如果可能的话说英语,如果必要的话用汉语。

Unless (you are) invited,you should remain silent at the meeting.
除非受到邀请,你应当在会议上保持沉默。

While (they were) building the tunnel,the workers discovered an underground lake.
当建隧道时,工人们发现了一个地下湖。

According to the directions,when (it is) taken,the drug has no side effects.
根据说明书，服这种药没有副作用。

Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.
这个电力站建成后向附近的城乡供电。

Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.
即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。

Though knowing the truth,the remained silent.
虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。

Unless(being)rich,I am not going abroad.
除非有钱，要不然我是不会出国的。

He stared at her as if seeing her for the first time.
他目不转睛地盯着那女孩，就好像是第一次见到她。

【知识小结】
在表示时间、条件、让步和方式的状语从句中，如果主语与主句的主主相同，可形成省略。

现在分词表示该动作与被省略的主语为主动关系，过去分词则表示该动作与被省略的主语为被动关系。

单项填空
(1)When first______to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
A.introducing
B.introduced
C.introduce
D.being introduced
提示:句子主语these products和introduce在逻辑上构成动宾关系,所以使用过去分词。

答案:B
(2)The actor threw himself from the horse,as if______.
drug has no side effects.
A.to be shot
B.being shot
C.shooting
D.shot
提示:as if后面也可接分词,形成省略现象,与主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与主语是被动关系,用过去分词。

句意:这位演员从马上摔下来,好像被打中了一样。

答案:D
(3)Generally speaking,if______according to the instructions,the electric-bike is not dangerous as reported.
A.riding
B.ridden
C.to ride
D.to be ridden
提示:ride(骑)与主语the electric bike属被动关系,所以要用过去分词ridden作状语。

答案:B
3.“with+复合结构”
【典型例句】
The woman with a baby in her arm is my sister.
抱孩子的那个妇女是我的姐姐。

They broke into the house with all the windows shut.
他们闯入了关着窗子的那个房间。

We lived in a village with a river around.
我们住在一个小村子里，村外有小河流过。

With nothing to do,he went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事要做，他便到外边去散步。

They marched towards the village with a boy leading.
在一个男孩的带领下，他们朝那个村子走去。

【相关链接】
“with+复合结构”表示动作或伴随情况，在句中一般作定语或状语。

常见的形式有以下几
种。

(1)with+名词+形容词
(2)with+名词+现在分词
(3)with+名词+过去分词
(4)with+名词+介词短语
(5)with+名词+副词
(6)with+名词+不定式
单项填空
(1)In the reading room,we found her______at a desk,with her attention______on a book.
A.sitting;fixing
B.to sit;fixed
C.seating;fixing
D.seated;fixed
提示：seat意为“使坐下”，宾语为人，此处应用被动式，该空也可用sitting;第二空含有词组fix one’s attention on/upon，因此fix必须用过去分词表被动。

答案：D
(2)Without anyone_____，he slipped through the window.
A.noticing
B.noticed
C.to notice
D.being noticed
答案：A
三、语法详解
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
1.陈述句的直接引语和间接引语
转述陈述句时，用that引导（可省略）。

从句中的人称、时态、时间状语需根据实际情景作相应变化。

（1）人称变化
She said,“I am in Class 5.”
She said that she was in Class 5.
(2)时态变化
一般现在时——一般过去时
一般将来时——过去将来时
现在进行时——过去进行时
一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成时——过去完成时
过去完成时——过去完成时
但转述客观真理时，动词时态不变。

（3）时间状语变化
now—then
today—that day
tonight—that night
this week (months,etc.)—that week (month,etc.)
yesterday—the day before
last week (month,etc.)—the week (month,etc.)before
three days(months,etc.) ago—three days (months,etc.)before
tomorrow—the next day
next week (month,etc.)—the next week (month,etc.)
(4)地点状语的变化
here—there
2.疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语应遵循以下几条原则：
（1）主句谓语动词多用ask。

（2）若直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，将直接引语改为whether或if引导的宾语从句。

例如：
She asked,“Is this book yours or his?”
She asekd me whether that book was mine or his.
(3)若直接引语是特殊疑问句，则将直接引语改为疑问词引导的宾语从句（不可用that）引导。

例如：
He asked “What s your name?”
He asked me what my name was.
单项填空
(1)The physics teacher once said that we first______the lightning followed by thunders because light_______faster than sound.
A.see;travelled
B.saw;travelled
C.saw;travels
D.see;travels
提示:第一个空用saw与主语的时态一致;第二个表示客观真理,仍然要用一般现在时。

答案:C
(2)Granny Lan once told us she_____a lot during the World War Ⅱ,____her husband and children.
A.had suffered;lost
B.suffered;losing
C.had suffered;losing
D.had suffered;had lost
提示:在间接引语中,过去时间状语during the World War Ⅱ要求suffer要用一般过去时;第二个空不是谓语,是结果状语,由于lose与主语是主动关系,所以要用现在分词形式。

答案:B
（3）The physics teacher said the earth_____around the sun.
A.is moving
B.moved
C.had moved
D.moves
提示：一般来说，如主句是过去时，直接引语在变成间接引语时要注意时态的变化，即引语的时态向前提前一个时态，但当直接引语是表示客观事实或客观真理的句子时，则无时态的变化。

答案：D
（4）Mom said the bed_____when we leave the room.
A.should be made。