英语语法大攻克--形容词比较等级的构成

形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级
规则变化类别构成方法:
1) 单音节词和少数双音节一般直接在词尾加 -er 和 -est。

原级比较级最高级
great greater greatest
long longer longest
2) 以不发音字母e 结尾的，加r, st。

原级比较级最高级
wide wider widest
late later latest
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变I,再加er，est。

原级比较级最高级
happy happier happiest
easy easier easiest
4) 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加er,est
原级比较级最高级
big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
5)多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,most。

原级比较级最高级
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
difficult more difficult most difficult
不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill worse worst
little less least
形容词原级的用法：
1.有表示程度的副词very,so, too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。

The boy is too young.
2.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不相同时用形容词原级。

（1）肯定句中的结构：A…+as+形容词原级+as+B
Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim. 小明和吉姆一样高。

（2）否定句中的结构：A…+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B
This book isn’t as/so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。

否定句的结构相当于“less+原级+than”.
He thinks English is less interesting than Chinese.
(3)表示“A是B的…..倍”时，用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。

（1倍：once, 2倍：twice, 3倍以上：数字+times）
Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们的学校是他们学校的3倍大。

（4）“…half as +形容词原级+as …”表示“…是…的一半”。

Her room is half as big as yours. 她的房间是你的房间的一半大。

（二）形容词比较级的用法
1、表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A…+比较级+than +B”。

如：Li Lei's room is bigger than mine.李莉的房间比我的房间大。

注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one, that, those 等词来替代前面出现过的名词。

其中the one 替代可数名词单数，the ones, those 替代可数名词复数，that替代不可数名词。

2、有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，
用形容词比较级。

如：It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷多了。

3、表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时，
用句型“Which/Who is +形容词比较级，A or B?”表示。

如：Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛谁更高？
Which sweater is more beautiful ,the yellow one or the pink one?
哪件毛衣更漂亮，黄色的那件还是粉色的那件？
4、表示“比……”时，用“倍数+比较级+than
如：I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。

5、表示“两者之间最……一个（of the two ）”时，常用“the +比较级”结构。

如：Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是双胞胎中较高的那个。

6、表示“越来越……”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，
多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。

如：It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。

Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的家乡变得越来越漂亮。

7、表示“越……就越……”时，用“the+比较级，the +比较级“结构
如：The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.天气越暖和我感觉越舒服。

（三）形容词最高级的用法
1、表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。

形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。

如：He is the strongest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩中最强壮的一个。

Shanghai is the biggest city in China..上海是中国最大的城市。

2、表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，
用“Which/Who is +the + 最高级，A, B or C?”结构。

如：Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?
哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州？
3、表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the +形容词最高级”结构，
该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。

如：Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。

4、形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。

如：Changjiang is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河。

5、形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，
但此时不能再用定冠词the。

如：This is our last lesson today. 这是我们今天的最后一节课。

Yesterday was his busiest day. 昨天是他最忙的一天。

6、形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

如：Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

针对性训练
( )1. I found he looked ___ than last time when I went to see him.
A. better
B. well
C. good
D. bad
( )2. She's already ___ her brother.
A. so tall than
B. as tall than
C. so tall as
D. as tall as
( )3. It is said that it is ___ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon?
A. the hottest
B. hot
C. hottest
D. hotter
( )4. Shanghai is bigger than ___ in Japan.
A. any other city
B. all the other cities
C. any city
D. the other cities ( )5. ___ you speak English, ___ you can speak.
A. The more; better
B. More; the better
C. More; better
D. The more; the better ( )6. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks ___ .
A. more brighter
B. more bright
C. less brighter
D. much brighter
( )7. Each of us was too tired to go any ___ .
A. far
B. farer
C. much farther
D. farther
( )8. ---Dad, could you buy me a bike like this?
--- Hmm, we can buy ___ one than this, but as good as this.
A. better
B. the best
C. a cheaper
D. a cheap
( )9. Now it is ___ here, but it is even ___ in Jinan.
A. hotter; hottest
B. hot; hottest
C. hotter; hot
D. hot; hotter ( )10. ---I can't afford the white dress. Can you show me something cheaper?
---What about the orange one? The price is a little ___ .
A. cheaper
B. lower
C. higher
D. more expensive
The answers: 10.B 9.D 8.C 7.D 6.D 5.D 4.C 3.D 2.D 1.A
( )1.She is ___ in the class. （2008年重庆市 39）
A. tallest
B. the tallest
C. the taller
( )2.David jumped ___ in the long jump. He won the game. (2008年河北省 31)
A. longest
B. farthest
C. fastest
D. highest
( )3.Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives ___ of my friends. (2008年苏州 35)
A. more carefully
B. the most carefully
C. less carefully
D. the least carefully ( )4.This morning Jack came to school ___ than ___ student in his class. （2008年无锡 23） A. much late; any B. much late; any other C. much later; any D. much later; any other ( )5. ---What do you think of Mark's composition? （2008年绍兴市 19）
---Quite good. But I think yours is ___ .
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. the best
( )6.---Are you worried about the coming exam? （2008年黄冈市 42）
---No. I think the more ___ you are, ___ mistakes you'll make.
A. careful; the less
B. carefully; the fewer
C. carefully; the least
D. careful; the fewer ( )7.---Jack, how are you feeling today? （2008年安徽省 37）
---Much ___ , I think I can go to school tomorrow.
A. better
B. worse
C. brighter
D. weaker
( )8. Our family has bought a car so we can travel ___ than before. （2008年陕西省 28） A. most easily B. less easily C. easily D. more easily
( )9.---Who's that boy? （2008年南宁市 32）
---He's Tom. He's the ___ of all the boys in our class.
A. taller
B. tallest
C. excellent
D. more excellent
( )10.__________ , the healthier you will be. （2008年乌鲁木齐 40）
A. The more money you get
B. The taller you are
C. The more you eat
D. The better habits you have
Answers:10.D 9.B 8.D 7.A 6.D 5.B 4.D 3.D 2.B 1.B。