高考英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 3 Inven

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写
1．distinguish vi.&vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别2．passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的
3．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺
4．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担
5．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的
6．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的
7．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹
vt.提交；将……归档
8．tap vt.&vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲
n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头9．convenience n. 便利；方便
→convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
→inconvenient adj.不方便的；引起麻烦的
10．associate vt.联想；联系；
n. 同伴；伙伴
→association n. 协会；社团；联合；联想
11．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的
→abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地
12．freeze v. 冰冻
→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的
→frozen adj.冻结的
Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记
13．patent n．专利证书；专利权
14．current n．&adj. (水或气)流；电流；现在的；当前的15．competence n. 能力；胜任；本领
16．wire n. 金属丝；电线
17．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的
高频短语——会默写
1．call up 给……打电话2．now and then 偶尔；有时
3．set about 开始；着手
4．dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5．set out (to do) 开始(做)
6．hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7．out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
8．get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过9．ring back 回复电话
10．ring off 挂断电话
教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用
1.Follow it up，explore all around
it，and before you know it，you will
have something worth thinking about
to occupy your mind.(“祈使句＋and
＋陈述句”结构)
1.尽力和你的孩子成为朋友，这样你会真正
地知道他们在想什么。

Try to be friends with your children，
and you will really know what they are
thinking about.
2.The criteria are so strict that it
is difficult to get new ideas
accepted unless they are truly
novel.(so...that...引导的结果状语
从句)
2.中国女排在2016里约奥运会表现的那么
好以至于获得金牌。

China National Women's Volleyball Team
performed so well that it won gold medal
in 2016 Rio Olympic Games.
3.The next morning I got up early
before the sun was hot.(before意为
“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句)
3.遭受地震袭击的地区，人们的生活要过很
长时间才会恢复正常。

It will be a long time before the people's
life in earthquake­stricken areas
returns to normal.
4.Only after you have had that
recognition can you say that you are
4.只有当他离开家时他才意识到他的家是多
么的好。

truly an inventor.(only ＋状语位于句
首，主句要部分倒装)
Only when he was away from home did he
realizehow nice home was.
精讲4个考纲单词
distinguish vi.&vt.辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同
[教材原句]Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不会伤害到它们。

(1)distinguish between...and...
区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from... 使……有别于……
(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
①At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
②It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man from the other animals.正是高超的智力和语言的运用能力把人和其他动物区别开来。

③Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished(distinguish)achievements.
诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。

bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育
[教材原句]I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.
我不能忍受烤肉架上烤焦的香肠的气味。

(1)can't bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事
can't bear sb./sb.'s doing/to do sth.
不能忍受某人做某事
(2)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备
(3)bear/keep sth.in mind 记住……
bear/keep in mind that... 记住……
①I couldn't bear listening/to listen(listen)any longer，so I left the room.
我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。

②Bearing(bear) a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.
肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。

[链接写作]高考小作文
妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。

(2014年福建高考·书面表达)
My mother often reminds me to bear in mind that failure is the mother of success.
【导学号：30892178】associate vt.联想；联系
[经典例句] He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.
在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。

(1)associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起
be associated with... 和……有关
associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in association with... 与……合伙/合作
①I feel honored to have the chance to live，work and associate with them.
我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。

②We are working in association(associate)with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。

convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
[高考佳句]In addition，the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient，regardless of time and space.(2014年江苏高考·书面表达) 此外，因特网使得调查与投票变得容易、便捷，不分时间与地点。

(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是方便的
be convenient to... 对……方便
(2)convenience n. 方便，便利；适宜
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
①Besides，it is，on some occasions，more convenient to use English words.(2014年江苏高考·书面表达)另外，在很多场合，使用英语是比较方便的。

②It is convenient for me to school by subway.
我搭地铁去上学很方便。

③I'll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at your convenience(convenient)．
我会在两周后再打电话，把会议安排在您方便的时候。

诠释2个核心短语
call up给……打电话；使……回忆起
[教材原句]When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。

call at 拜访(某个地点)
call off 取消；停止
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for 需求；需要；去接(某人)
call in 邀请；请来；叫……来帮忙
①The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.
政府号召青年义务献血。

②Mr.White was to call at my house after he finished his speech.
怀特先生演讲完之后，要去拜访我家。

③I will call for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate.
我8点钟在学校门口接你。

[联想发散]与“打电话”有关的短语
(1)ring up 给……打电话
(2)ring/call back 回复电话
(3)ring off 挂断电话
(4)give sb.a call 给某人打电话
(5)hang/hold on 不挂断电话
get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；渡过(难关)；用完；耗尽
[一词多义] 写出下列句中get through的含义
①I managed to get through the hard work and the pain was worth it in the end.
设法做完
②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. 打通电话
③Luckily，he got through the exam and his efforts paid off. 通过
④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more. 用光
get across 被理解；使人了解
get away with 被放过；逃脱惩罚
get down to sth. 着手认真做某事
get over 克服
get on 进展；进步
get in 收获
⑤We need to get down to some serious talking.
我们需要认真谈一谈。

⑥For such a serious mistake he was lucky to get away with a fine.
他犯了那么严重的过失，却侥幸只交罚款了事。

突破1个高考句型
(教材P25)Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。

本句句式结构为：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。

(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句
(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句
(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句
①Work hard，and you will pass the exam.
努力学习，你会考试及格的。

【导学号：30892179】
②One more hour，and we will do the job better.
再给我们一个小时，我们会把工作做得更好。

③Work hard，or you will fail in your exams.
努力学习，否则你会不及格的。

[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型————————————
基础考点全面练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We all have an (expect)that he can pass the driving test next week.
2．What was it that distinguished her her classmates?
3．I can't bear (keep)waiting，so I hope you can come on time.
4．These meals can be prepared in advance，and served at your (convenient)．5．When the ice is heated above (freeze)point，it begins to change into a liquid state.
6．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and (practice)．I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.
【答案】 1.expectation 2.from 3.keeping 4.convenience 5.freezing 6.practical
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Someone called me on at midnight，only to find he dialled the wrong number.
2．You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of the shape.
3．Can you tell me how to make myself understand better in my broken English?
4．Scientists believe human cloning is just matter of time.
【导学号：30892180】
【答案】 1.on→up 2.去掉the 3.understand→understood 4.matter前加a
重难考点多维练
1．associate全接触
(1)课文语法填空
①Health is frequently thought to be associated a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.
(2)一句多译
有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。

②There are many serious health problems ．(使用定语从句)
③There are many serious health problems ．(使用分词作定语)
④There are many serious health problems ．(使用介词短语作定语)
【答案】①with②which are associated with smoking③as sociated with smoking ④in association with smoking
2．“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”
(1)单句语法填空
① (call)me tomorrow，and I'll let you know the lab result.
②Give up smoking， you may die of lung cancer.
③A bit more effort，I think，and you (settle)the problem.
(2)一句多译
如果你更加努力学习，你在学习上就会成功的。

④，and you will succeed in your studies.
⑤，you will succeed in your studies.
⑥，you will succeed in your studies.
【答案】①Call②or③will settle④Work harder⑤If you work harde r ⑥Working harder
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P20－21课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the phone，she 1. (learn)that snakes came near their house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house.2. (hear)this，the writer felt proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish 3. (she)by inventing something merciful 4. would catch snakes but not harm them.
She set about researching the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way 5. (trap)them.She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.
(easy) caught.However，her first two plans were not 7. (success)．She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again.As a result，she had to attempt
8. third time，which helped her fulfill her aim successfully.She was
9. delighted that she was determined to send her 10. (invent)to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.
【答案】 1.learned 2.Hearing 3.herself 4.that 5.to trap 6.easily 7.successful 8.a 9.so 10.invention
Ⅱ.高考话题微写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。

1．自从我得知这个消息，我就着手申请成为一名志愿者。

(set about，apply to) 2．我喜欢与别人交往。

(associate with)
3．做好这项工作对我来说是很便利的。

(It is convenient for sb. to do sth.) 4．我能承受艰苦的训练。

(bear the hard training)
5．我会全身心地做好服务工作，并尽最大的努力达到标准。

(dive into the service，live up to)
【参考范文】
I have set about applying to be a volunteer since I learned the information.I like to associate with others，so it is convenient for me to do the job well.In addition，I can bear the hard training.I will dive into the service and try my best to live up to the criteria.。