初中英语人教版八年级下册期中知识点梳理(Unit 1-5)

八年级英语下册
知识点梳理
Unit 1 What's the matter?
1.提问某人怎么了？
What's the matter with ...?
What's wrong with...?
What's the trouble/problem with...?
2.患...病（have a +疾病名）
患感冒 have a cold
胃疼 have a stomachache
发烧 have a fever
头疼 have a headache
牙疼 have a toothache (tooth--teeth)
咳嗽 have a cough
喉咙疼 have a sore throat
背疼 have a sore back
3.重点句型
a.询问建议及提建议
---What should I/she/he do?
---You/She/He should + V.原形。

（should是情态动词， should/shouldn't +V.原形）
b.你下次不应该吃这么多。

You shouldn't eat so much next time.
c.---我应该量体温吗？---是的。

/不是。

Should I take my temperature?
Yes, you should./ No, you shouldn't.
4.too much VS.much too
too much + 不可数名词
too much homework/pressure
much too + adj./adv.
much too heavy/fast
He eats ___________ food, so he is _________ fat.
5.enough 的用法
a.修饰n., 放在n.的前面
enough time/water/money
b.修饰adj./adv.,放在adj./adv.的后面
old/fast enough
6.重点短语
躺下休息 lie down and rest
喝蜂蜜热茶 drink hot tea with honey
量体温 take one's temperature
看牙医/医生 see a dentist/doctor
休息 take a break, take breaks, have a rest
下车 get off
使...惊讶的 to one's surprise
立即，马上 right away= at once
用尽 run out (of)
掌管 be in control of
做决定 make a decision, make decisions
坚持做某事 keep on doing sth.
习惯于...; 适应于...be used to (doing/n.)
过去常做某事 used to do sth.
7.书面表达
[题目要求]
你的朋友Jack由于长时间玩电脑游戏，现在头痛、眼睛不舒服、腰背酸痛，并且睡不好觉。

写一篇短文介绍一下他的情况，并给出你对他的建议。

要求：（1）内容包含所提供的信息，可适当发挥；（2）书写认真，句子通顺；（3）词数：60词左右。

[优秀满分范文]
Jack is my friend.He likes playing computer games very much.He often sits in the same way for too long without moving.Now he has a headache, sore eyes and a sore back.He doesn’t sleep well at night, so he feels tired every day.
I think he should take breaks away from the computer.He shouldn’t use the computer for a long time.He should do eye exercises to relax his eyes and go to bed early at night.
I think if he has a good rest, he will feel well soon.
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city park.
1.could 表示提建议
You could help to clean up the city parks.
2.短语动词
在V.+ adv.的结构中，代词作宾语，应放在V.与adv.中间
cheer up (cheer them up)
hand out (hand them out)
give out, clean up, come up with, put off, put up, call up, give up, care for, try out, give away, take after, set up,fix
3.动词不定式 to+V.原形
a.动词不定式作宾语
三个希望(hope, wish, expect)两需要(need, want)，设法(try)同意(agree)做准备(prepare)，开始(begin)计划(plan)莫忘记(forget)，记着(remember)决定(decide)能学会(learn)
b.动词不定式作宾语补足语
advise/ask/want/tell/allow/encourage/invite/would like/expect/need/wish sb.to do sth.
c.动词不定式作宾补省略不定式符号to
一感二听三让四看半个帮助
feel; listen to, hear; let, make, have; see, watch, notice, look at
d.与特殊疑问词连用，特殊疑问词+ to do
how to care for, what to do, where to go
4.alone VS.lonely
alone 独自地
live alone
lonely 孤独的，寂寞的
feel lonely
5.重点短语
推迟做某事 put off doing sth.
帮忙解决 help out; (help sb.out)
放弃做某事 give up doing sth.
满足感 a feeling of satisfaction
愉快的表情 the look of joy
四岁时 at the age of four
有影响，作用 make a difference
花费时间/金钱 Sb.spend time/money on sth.
Sb.spend time/money (in) doing sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.
6.书面表达
[题目要求]
你们班下周要进行英语演讲比赛, 主题是My life in 20 years。

请你写一篇短文, 畅想一下二十年后的生活, 包括学习、工作、居住环境、生活等的变化。

[优秀满分范文]
My life in 20 years
In 20 years, I think I will be a tour guide because I like to travel.
As a tour guide, I will go to different places of interest and meet a lot of tourists.I will learn several kinds of foreign languages because I will meet tourists from different countries.I will live in Yongchuan.Because it’s a beautiful city.And I will also get married.I will have a beautiful wife and two children.I love the nature, so I will go hiking with my family.
I’m sure my life will be very wonderful in the future.
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
1.Could you please+v.? (polite requests)
肯定回答：
Yes, sure./ Of course./Certainly./ All right./No problem.
否定回答：
Sorry, I can't.I have to...
Could I do sth.? (ask for permissions)
肯定回答：
Sure./Of course./Yes, you can.
否定回答：
Sorry, you can't./No, I'm afraid not./I'm afraid you can't./You'd better not.
2.borrow VS.lend 看主语与物品的所属关系
borrow “借入”把本来不属于自己的东西借来使用
borrow...from..
lend “借出”把属于自己的东西借给别人使用
lend sth.to sb.=lend sb.sth.
3.neither 的用法
a.作adv.“也不”
他不喜欢音乐。

我不喜欢。

He doesn't like music.Neither do I.
b.作pron.“两者都不”
我们俩都不喜欢音乐。

Neither of us likes music.
4.重点短语
做家务 do chores (do the dishes, take out the rubbish, fold the clothes, sweep the floor, make the bed, clean the living room)
外出吃饭 go out for dinner
在外待得很晚 stay out late
遛狗 take the dog for a walk
结束做某事 finish doing sth.
和...一样 as...as
浪费时间 a waste of time
为了，目的是 in order to
照顾 take care of= look after
结果是 as a result
依靠，依赖 depend on
一...就...as soon as / the minute/the moment
越...，就越...the +比较级，the +比较级
越早越好 the earlier, the better
The more we get together, the happier we will be.
5.书面表达
[题目要求]
假如你是David，下面是一张做家务的情况表。

请根据所给的信息写一篇短文，谈谈你和家人所做的家务以及你对做家务的看法，要求内容完整，语句通顺，80字左右。

[优秀满分范文]
I’m David.There are three people in my family.They are my father, my mother and I.
My father does the dishes on weekends.He sweeps the floor on Wednesdays.My mother cooks meals everyday.She washes clothes on Tuesdays and Saturdays.As for me, I do the dishes on weekdays.I take out the rubbish everyday.I sweep the floor on weekends.
I think it’s necessary for us students to do chores.Doing chores can help to develop our independency, and we can learn to take care of ourselves.
Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?
1.提建议的方式
a.You should/could/shouldn't do sth.
b.How/What about doing sth.?
c.Shall we...?
d.Let's do sth.?
e.Would you mind doing sth.?
f.You'd better (not) do sth.
g.Why don't you+ V.原形？
= Why not + V.原形？
2.until的用法
a.与延续性动词连用，动词用肯定形式，“直到...为止”
I waited until he came back.
b.not...until “直到...才”
I didn't go to bed until midnight.
3.重点短语
允许某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.
和某人争吵 get into a fight with sb.
发现某人正在做某事 find sb.doing sth.
归还某物给某人 return sth.to sb.=give sth.back to sb.
以便 so that
解决，计算出 work out
它不是大事 It's not a big deal.
与某人相处愉快 get on/along with sb.
与某人交流 communicate with sb.
介意（某人）做某事 mind (sb.) doing sth.
害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth.
与某人竞赛 compete with sb.
比较 compare...with...
继续做某事 continue to do sth.(另一件事）
continue doing sth.（同一件事）
4.书面表达
[题目要求]
李梅最近睡不好，她父母想要她取得好成绩，送她去各种课外俱乐部，她压力很大，不知道怎么办。

假如你是Tom，请给她一些建议。

[优秀满分范文]
Dear Li Mei,
I’m sorry to hear that you have too much pressure and don’t sleep well at night.
Your parents want you to get good grades，so they send you to all kinds of after-school clubs including language learning, music, math classes and so on.And you really don’t know what to do.
I think your parents really love you and they hope you have a wonderful future.If you feel uncomfortable, there are many things you can do.You could talk about it with your parents.You should tell them that kids need more free time to relax.At the same time, you should study hard and try your best to get good grades.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Tom
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1.The past progressive tense 表示过去某个时间点或时间段正在发生或存在的动作
肯定形式：主+was/were doing sth.
否定形式：主+wasn't/weren't doing sth.
一般疑问句：Was/Were +主+doing sth.?
特殊疑问句：
What were you doing...? What was he/she doing...?
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time, from 6 to 9 last night, when+一般过去时
2.when VS.while
a.when 既可指时间点，也可指时间段，引导的时间状语多用一般时态。

when+一般过去时，主句为过去进行时
I was reading when he came in.
When he was a boy, he was always making trouble.
b.while 仅指时间段，与延续性动词连用
while + 过去进行时，主句一般过去时
主句过去进行时（表示两个动作同时发生）
While I was reading ,he came in.
While mom was cooking , dad was watching TV.
3.书面表达
[题目要求]
Susanna所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场地震。

很幸运，地震并不强烈，他们全家安然无恙。

假如你是Susanna请描述一下地震发生时家里人的活动情景，80词左右。

[优秀满分范文]
My name is Susanna.In our city, there was an earthquake at 8:32 yesterday evening.
At that time, I was taking a shower in the bathroom.My motherwas cleaning up the kitchen and my father was watching TV in the livingroom.My elder sister Alice was working on her computer in her room.We were very scared.
Luckily, the earthquake was not heavy and it didn’t last long.And we were all safe.。