语法规则-动词不定式

(一)
动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结
1.作目的状语:
I came here to see you.
To stop the train, pull the lever downwards.
目的状语还可以用如下表达法：
肯定：
to
in order to + 动词原形
so as to
I come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come so as to see her.
that
so that + 主语+ may/might + 动词原形
in order that
I come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may see her.
否定：
not to
in order not to + 动词原形
so as not to
that
so that + 主语+ may/might + not + 动词原形
in order that
He went away not to see me.
= He went away in order not to see me.
= He went away so as not to see me.
= He went away in order that he might not see me.
= He went away that he might not see me.
= He went away so that he might not see me.
in order to, in order that和so as to, so that的区别
in order to可以用在句首或句末，但so as to只能用在句末。

如：
He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.
In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early.（此时不能用so as to）
so as to 和in order to的汉语意思应该是一样的“为的是，为了”。

它们的英语功能也是一样的，都可以用来引导目的状语。

它们的不同之处就在于so as to 不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用in order to.另外，
1.in order to 一般用in order that加从句来替换；而so as to 一般用so that加从句来替
换。

in order that 可以在句首，so that和so as to 一样不能在句首。

2.当这两个短语后的不定式动词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，“in order to , so as to
+不定式”可以简化为“不定式”
In order to get to school on time, he got up earlier.这个句子可以表达为下列几种方式：In order that he could get to school on time, he got up earlier.
He got up earlier in order to get to school on time.
He got up earlier in order that he could get to school on time.
He got up earlier so as to get to school on time.
He got up earlier so that he could get to school on time.
To get to school on time, he got up earlier. （这种不定式有时可以表示目的以外的状语）
注意：不定式本身有自己的主语时，可用“for…to”来表示。

如：
My father bought a new book for me to read.
2.作结果状语:
He hurried to the school to find nobody there.
What have I done to offend you?
结果状语还可以用如下表达法：
as to + 动词原形
+ (表示正面的结果，解释为
that + 主语+ can/could + 动词原形
adj
= + enough to + 动词原形(表示正面的结果，解释为“如此...以至于”) adv
He studied so hard as to pass the examination.
= He studied so hard that he could pass the examination.
= He studied hard enough to pass the examination
注意：enough与形容词或副词连用时，要置于形容词或副词之后。

The water is warm enough for us to swim.
I wish you’d write clearly enough for us to read it.
enough可置于名词前做修饰语，在正式语体中有时可以放在名词后。

Have you got enough room/room enough to seat all of us?
adj adj
too + + to …= so + + that + 主语+cannot + 动词原形adv adv
adj
= not + + enough to + 动词原形(表示反面的结果，解释为“太...以至不能”) adv
You are too young to learn to drive.
= You are so young that you can’t learn to drive.
= You are not old enough to learn to drive.
such as to ... 和such...as to及such that…和such…that…的区别
1. such 有两种词性：名词性的不定代词和形容词。

正是由于词性不同，所以在表示“如
此...以致于” 这种意思时就出现了两种不同的结构。

such as to ... 中的such 属于不定代词，指代上文提到过的人或事物，意思是“这样的人/如此的事物”，如：
The case has been such as to prove true. 情况已经如此，以致于证明是真实的。

Their anxiety was such as for them not to be able to sleep. 他们如此焦虑，以致于难以入睡。

2. such ... as to ... 中的such 属于形容词，需要放在名词前作定语，意思是“这样的/如此
的...”，如：
We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们不是那样的蠢人, 以致于能够相信他。

She had such a fright as to faint. 她如此吃惊以致于吓得昏了过去。

Such as to 和such...as to 中，如果把不定式加上主语改为结果状语从句，就变成了such that ... 和such ... that ...。

以下就是上面句子改写成的从句：
The case has been such that it can prove true. 情况已经如此，以致于（情况）证明是真实的。

Their anxiety was such that they could not sleep. 他们如此焦虑，以致于(他们)难以入睡。

We are not such fools that we can believe him. 我们不是那样的蠢人, 以致于(我们)能够相信他。

She had such a fright that she fainted. 她如此吃惊以致于（她）吓得昏了过去。

表示令人意外的结果用only + to find / discover / realize
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
They queued for hours at the box office only to discover that the show was sold out.
（二）
动词不定式的概念：
动词不定式指由to＋动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词。

动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。

动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

我们主要是学习动词不定式作宾语和宾语不足语。

动名词的概念：
如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。

动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。

下面的动词只能加不定式作宾语:
1.agree to do sth
2.arrange to do sth
3.decide to do sth
4.hope to do sth
同意做某事安排做某事决定做某事希望做某事
5.ought to do sth
6.promise to do sth
7.refuse to do sth
8.seem to do sth
应该做某事承诺做某事拒绝做某事好像做某事
9.want to do sth 10.plan to do sth 11. pretend to do sth 12.wish to do sth
想要做某事计划做某事假装做某事希望做某事
12.prepare to do sth 13.appear to do stn 14.disagree to do sth
准备做某事好像做某事不同意做某事
下面的动词只能加不定式作宾语补足语：
1.elect sb to do sth
2.allow sb to do sth
3.tell sb to do sth
4.ask sb to do sth
选举某人做某事允许某人做某事告诉某人做某事问某人做某事
5.
下面的动词既可以加不定式也可以加动名词：
1.like to do sth
2.forget to do sth
3.love to do sth
4.hate to do sth
doing sth doing sth doing sth doing sth 喜欢做某事忘记做某事喜爱做某事讨厌做某事
5.begin to do sth
6.start to do sth
7.remember to do sth
doing sth doing sth doing sth
开始做某事开始做某事记得做某事
下面的动词只能加动名词：
1.suggest doing sth
2.practise doing sth
3.enjoy doing sth
4.finish doing sth
建议做某事练习做某事喜爱做某事完成做某事
动词不定式作宾语：
例句：1. I hope to protect the innocent as well as find the guilty.
我希望保护无辜者和找出罪犯。

2.He wanted to make Jill go to jail instead of himself.
他想让吉尔代替他自己去坐牢。

3.We arranged to meet outside the cinema at seven o'clock.
我们安排晚上7点在电影院外面见面。

4.She refused to speak to me at first.
她一开始拒绝和我说话。

5.I forgot to turn off the light in the living room.
我忘记关客厅里的灯。

动名词作宾语：
例句：1.I like working as a detective.
我喜欢做侦探。

2.They both denied stealing the vase.
他们都否认偷了花瓶。

3.He admitted stealing the vase at last.
最后，他承认偷了花瓶。

4.I started reading a book about world-famous crimes.
我开始读一本关于世界著名的罪犯的书。

5.He suggested going to the cinema.
他建议去电影院。

动词不定式作宾语补足语：
动词不定式作宾语补足语的形式：动词+宾语+不定式
（三）
M5U1语法——动词不定式【附练习题+答案】动名词的构成形式
动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成；动名词由动词+ing构成。

主动式有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；
动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解
一．做主语
⒈不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首。

如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：
① It＋be＋名词＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
② It takes sb. + some time + to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③ It＋be＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
④ It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
⑤ It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；
在句型④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb.，可看作其逻辑主语。

这一句式有时相当于sb. is＋形容词＋to do句式，如：
It's kind of you to help me with my English.
=You are kind to help me with my English.
⒉动名词做主语
Learning without practice is no good.
动名词做主语时，也常用It句式。

如：
①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
② It's＋形容词＋doing
It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring等，但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式代替，如：It's important for you to keep fit.
③ There is no + doing
There is no saying what will happen next.
There is no denying that he has stolen the bike.
在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于"It's impossible to…"结构。

⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。

如：It's no good eating too much fat.
It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。

如：
It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
二、作宾语
⒈不定式作宾语
①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。

如：agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等，这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。

如：
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.
②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。

如：
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
③介词but, except, besides + to do(do)
在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。

如：
The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
⒉动名词作宾语
①以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如：admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, resist, risk, give up, insist on, put off等。

如：
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
②动名词作介词的宾语
I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficulty (in) doing, have no trouble (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing, prevent/stop … (from)doing, there is no use (in)doing等。

⒊部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。

如：begin, continue, start, hate, like, love, prefer等。

hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。

在need, require, want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved).
在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：
① hate, like, love前有would(should)时，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时，如：The students are starting to work on the difficult math problem.
③ begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was happening.
⒋ advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。

如：
Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。

① forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。

如：
Don't forget to post the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.
They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
② mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
This means wasting a lot of money.
③ try to do 设法尽力做某事
try doing 试着做某事
You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
④ stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）
stop doing 停止做某事
On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper.
You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.
⑤ can't help doing 禁不住……
can’t help to do不能帮助干……
They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you.
⑥ go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事
go on doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续
He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。

We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.
⑦ leave off to do 离开某地去干什么（目的状语）
leave off doing停下某事
It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.
They left off to go fishing.
三、做表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。

① To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
② My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③ What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。

当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what 引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。

④ Our work is serving the people.
⑤ What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥ The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.
④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving the people is our work，而⑥句中是现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。

四、作定语
⒈不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。

如：
① The next train to arrive is from Washington.
② Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
③ Do you have anything to say on the question?
④ Would you please give me some paper to write on?
⑤ My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：
(1)表示将来的动作（例①）。

(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。

(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽
管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，
则需用被动语态（例②）。

(4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。

⒉动名词作定语
① This passage can be used as listening materials.
② The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.
③ All moving bodies have energy.
①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能，即：用来……的；第③句为现在分词作定语，单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前，与被修饰词之间可构成逻辑上的主谓关系，分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后。

如：The man standing at the school gate is Professor Smith.
五、不定式作补足语
⒈作宾语补足语
一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。

(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive（强迫），encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like (love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。

如：
① Would you like me to give your regards to Mary?
② I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
(2)部分动词后常接to be＋形容词、名词短语等形式，有时to be可省略，如：believe, consider, discover, find(=consider),feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see(=understand), understand等。

① We all believe John(to be)honest.
② I consider him(to be)one of the best teachers of No. 1 Middle School.
但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：We consider him to have been foolish.
(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。

① I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.
② They make the students do too much homework every day.
这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第②句：The students are made to do too much homework every day.
(4)help, know后面的"to"可有可无。

如：
Would you please help me (to) fill in the tax form?
I've never known her (to) be late before.
但：He was known to have been to France before.
(5)部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：
You may depend on them to be there early.
The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.
常这样用的短语动词有：ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for （渴望），prepare for, wish for等。

2. 作主语补足语
不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。

如：
①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.
②The young university student is considered to have great promise.
六、不定式作状语
1. 作目的状语
(1)① I stayed there to see what would happen.
② Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.
(2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加in order或so as。

如：
Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it.
有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首，但so as to不能这样用。

在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that, in order that,成为目的状语从句，如：
I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.
(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished, glad, happy, laugh, pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等。

① We are glad to hear the news.
② I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.
在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。

如：The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.
The room is really comfortable to live in.
常这样用的形容词有：comfortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible 等。

2. 作结果状语
We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。

如：
①so…as to; such…as to
I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。

I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.
②enough…to
The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner.
③ only to
Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.
④too…to
I'm too tired to stay up longer.
但在下列结构中，too…to并非是“太……而不能……”之意。

如：
① I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了。

（too修饰glad to have…，相当于very）
② We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了（不定式作定语）。

⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。

如：
To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome.
常见的短语有to be exact（确切地说），to begin with（首先），to do him justice（说句对他公道的话），to be sure（真的）等等。

七、动词不定式、动名词的其它用法
⒈疑问词＋不定式结构
疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在
句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

如：
① When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
② Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.
③ I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
④ The question was where to get the medicine needed.
以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。

如：①When we shall leave…③…how I could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。

⒉动词不定式的时态、语态
(1)时态
①一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。

如：
I hope to become a university student this year.（to become发生在hope之后）
We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.（play和hear同时发生）
②完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

如：
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
We are too young to have seen the old society.
③进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。

如：
The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.
They seemed to be discussing something important.
(2)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。

如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）
在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。

如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now. ( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
⒊动名词的时态、语态
(1)时态
①一般式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可与谓语动词同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之前、之后。

如：
We are interested in collecting stamps.
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
We are not afraid of dying.
②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

如：
Imagine having travelled on the moon.
We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
(2)被动语态
①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态，动名词的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。

如：
The young man came in without being noticed.
He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.
②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式，但表示被动意义。

如：
The bike needs repairing.
If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well.
配套语法练习
一、用动词的不定式、动词ing形式填空。

1. My mother told me (turn) on the lights just now.
2. Chinese would like (make) friends with a lot of foreigners.
3. He feels like (eat) an apple
4. A lot of people likes (do) some shopping on Sundays.
5. They asked me (thank) your mother.
6. Would you like (drink) tea or coffee ?
7. A lot of children like (swim) , because it is good for health.
8. Please ask her (arrive) to school at seven thirty tomorrow morning.
9. My father was glad (see) his old friends yesterday.
10. Please ask uncle Wang (mend) the TV set.
11. When the baby heard the music, he stopped (cry) at once.
12. Look! There is a cow (lie) on the road.
13. I am sorry (hear) the bad news
14. He wants (go) there with you.
15. We will help the farmers (grow) rice next week
16. It is time (begin) our lessons now.
17. Lots of children enjoys (listen) to music.
18. Could you tell me if you like (sing) English songs?
19. I would love (go) fishing in the lake.
20. It took him one hour (finish) his homework.
21. I spent three weeks in (finish) my work.
22. What about (go) out for a walk?
23. Do you mind (open) the window?
24. He practices (speak) English every morning.
25. We are busy (get) ready for the English exam.
26. He gave up (learn) maths.
27. Will you go to the cinema (see) a film?
28. He went to the school library (borrow) some English books.
29. In winter, leaves of trees begin (turn) yellow.
30. It is the best season for (swim) in summer.
31. I spent two hours on maths exercises last night.
It took me two hours my maths exercises last week.
32. He is good at (swim).
33. Let us make a contribution to (protect) our environment.
34. I used to (be) a history teacher.
35. I am used to (get) up early
36. Remember (bring) your English books here.
37. I remembered (see) him in the meeting ten years ago.
38. Don’t forget (turn) off the lights when you leave.
39. I forgot (lock) my door this morning.
40. Thanks very much for (help) me study English.
41. You should give up (smoke). It is bad for your healthy.
42. He kept me (wait) for a long time.
43. The heavy rain stopped me from (go) out.
44. I often see her (dance) in her room.
45. I heard him (sing) an English song when I was walking past her room.
46. How did Ling Feng make the baby stop (cry) ?
47. When I met Lucy in the street yesterday, I stopped (talk) with him.
48. When the teacher walked into the classroom, the students stopped (talk) .
49. You are very tired, you had better stopped (have) a rest.
50. It is not polite (talk) loudly in public.
二、单项选择。

1.What is the way Lao Wang thought of _______ enough money to buy the house?
A. to get
B. getting
C. having got
D. being got
2. Without fact, we can’t form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge
__________ our thinking.
A. which to be based on
B. which to base on
C. on which to base
D. which to base
3. Tom pretended _________ it but in fact, he knew it very well.
A. not listen to
B. not to hear from
C. not to have heard about
D. not to be listening to
4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to see
D. to have seen
5. Hearing his words, I couldn’t decide __________ or remain.
A. whether to go abroad
B. if I go abroad
C. if to go abroad
D. to go abroad
6. Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _______ again.
A. to find
B. to be found
C. finding
D. being found
7. --- Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework?
--- I’m doing this exercise now so that I won’t have ________ on Sunday.
A. for
B. them
C. it
D. to
8. I did nothing all day but ________ to my friend who I haven’t seen for almost a year.
A. write
B. to write
C. wrote
D. writing
9. Would you please ________ leave the door open? It’s too cold here.
A. not
B. not to
C. to not
D. don’t
10. ---I hear that you and your parents are going to spend your summer vocation in Beijing.
--- Yes, we’re planning _________.
A. to
B. to be
C. it
D. to do it
11. I don’t think it wise ________ the hard work that they have refused to do.
A. for you to take on
B. of you to take on
C. for you taking on
D. of you taking on
12. My father promised to give some money and _______ anything I want to.
A. to allow me to buy
B. allow me to buy
C. promised to allow me to buy
D. that I would ask them to buy
13. He spoke English slowly and clearly in class _________ because they are all freshmen.
A. so as to be understood
B. to be understood
C. so as to understand
D. to understand
14. ________ the truth, he is not an honest man we can believe in.
A. I am to tell
B. Told
C. Telling
D. To tell
15. ________ a long story short, he wanted to marry her and get a lot of money.
A. Make
B. To make
C. Jack had made D Making
16. --- Have you found out the telephone number I need?
--- Yes, but ________, I have sat here for nearly a half hour.
A. for finding it out
B. to find it out
C. for finding out it
D. to find out it
17. Though it is polluted a little, yet this city with a long history is still a good place ___________.
A. in which to live
B. to live in
C. to live
D. all the above are right
18. We didn’t expect the plan we had made very carefully for them ______ so coldly.
A. refused
B. to refuse
C. to be refused
D. refusing
19. _______ into the college, he had to work hard at all the subjects, some of which he didn’t like.
A. In order to admit
B. In order to be admitted
C. So as to admit
D. So as to be admitted
20. She works ______ hard ______ catch up with the top students.
A. so; as to
B. very; as to
C. so; to
D. as; as to
配套语法练习答案
一、用动词的不定式、动词ing形式填空。

1. to turn
2. to make
3. eating
4. doing
5. to thank
6. to drink
7. swimming
8. to arrive
9. to see 10. to mend 11. crying 12. lying 13. to hear 14. to go 15. (to)grow 16. to begin 17. listening 18. singing 19. to go 20. to finish 21. finishing 22. going 23. opening 24. speaking 25. getting 26. learning 27. to see 28. to borrow 29. to turn 30. swimming 31. to finish 32. swimming 33. protecting 34. be 35. getting 36. to bring 37. seeing 38. to turn 39. locking 40. helping 41. smoking 42. waiting 43. going 44. dance 45. singing
46. crying 47. to talk 48. talking 49. to have 50. to talk
二、单项选择。

1—5 ACCCA 6—10 BDAAA 11—15 BBADB 16—20 BDCBA
（四）
动词不定式专题练习
1. He seems ___ the old lady.
A. knowing
B. to be knowing
C. to know
D. to be known
2. Tom ___ when they spoke ill of him.
A. happened to be passed
B. happened to be passing by
C. happened passing by
D. happened to passed
3. We all hope ____ scientists. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became
4. The boy refused ____ for climbing the tall tree.
A. to pay
B. to be paid
C. being paid
D. paying
5. I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it.
A. having read
B. to have read
C. to be read
D. reading
6. ______ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking
7. It is nice _____ your voice. A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing
8. _____ is to struggle. A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived
9. Her wish is ____ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come
10. I was just about ____ the office when the phone rang.
A. leaving
B. leave
C. to leave
D. to leaving
11. I didn’t ____ it until you had ex plained how.
A. manage to do
B. managed to do
C. manage to have done
D. manage doing
12. He found it important ___ the situation all over the world.
A. study
B. to study
C. studies
D. to be studied
13. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but ___ their guns.
A. to lay down
B. lie down
C. laying down
D. lay down
14. Yesterday I did nothing but ___ TV.
A. watch
B. watched
C. to watch
D. watching
15. It had no effect except ___ him angry.
A. make
B. making
C. to make
D. made
16. Bob did nothing except ____ tennis. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
17. I’m considering ___ his letter.
A. to answer
B. how answering
C. to be answering
D. how to answer
18. Tell us _____ next. A. how to do B. what to do C. how do D. what do
19. We want to know ___ to help him when he is in trouble.
A. what will do
B. what we should do
C. how to do
D. what will we do
20. Don’t stop trying. You’ll be sure ___ .
A. succeed B . succeeding C. of succeeding D. to succeed
21. The government calls on us ____ our production.
A. increased
B. increasing
C. increase
D. to increase
22. With his teacher ____ he wanted to try it a second time.
A. helping
B. to help
C. help
D. helped
23. The lady was watched ____ her room in silence.
A. had left
B. left
C. leave
D. to leave
24. I’m hungry . Get me something ____.
A. eating
B. to eat
C. to be eaten
D. eaten
25. His wish ,____ a doctor ,came true. A. coming B. come C. to come D. came
26. He loves praise. He is always the first ____ and the last _____.
A. of coming ; of leaving
B. comes; leaves
C. to come; to leave
D. coming; leaving
27. At last they found a house _____ .
A. to leave his things with
B. to leave his things in
C. leaving his things in
28. There is nothing ______ . A. to worry B. to worry about C. worry D. worry about
29.Have you got enough room ___all of us ?
A. seating
B. to seat
C. seated
D. to be seated
30. It is too dark for us ____ anything in the room.。