玛雅文明英文介绍
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
– Rich land, abundant water – Concentrated settlement
MAYA HISTORY
Did not record history or daily lives, so much of what we know comes from archaeology and European (colonial) records
MAYA TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATION
Math based on multiples of 20
0, 1, 2 5, 6 10, 11 15, 16
MAYA WRITING
Writing 800 glyphs (picture/symbol represents an object, idea, or sound
class society Caste (membership
hereditary and movement rare) Little known about women, but evidence of city-state queens
Nobility Priests
Warriors Craftsmen
Lowlands
– West borders Pacific Ocean, fertile plain – Yucatan Peninsula – Cenotes (excavated caverns) for water in east
Highlands
– granite and volcanic area of Sierra Madre (Mexican Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras)
Salt valued from Yucatan coast (preserve food, medicine, religious ceremonies) from north
granite from low mountains of Belize Jade, volcanic glass, and obsidian from
(sound familiar?)
MAYA HISTORY
Olmec lived in tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico Provided basis for Mesoamerican civilizations Bloodletting, glyphs similar to Maya Distinctive art (colossal heads)
MAYA ART
Pacal death mask
Love of jade Pottery
popular
MAYA ARCHITECTURE
Houses of poles and thatch (cool) Tikal (left) and Palenque (right)
MAYA SOCIETY
Extensive trade over 1000 miles
Porters carry goods (no beasts of burden)
MAYA TEHNOLOGY/INNOVATION
Calendar 260 days Also tracked solar
365 calendar
MAYA RELIGION
Driving force behind every aspect of life
Public temples and household shrines
Organized religion Established schedule for
agriculture Polytheistic and revolved around
MAYA CIVILIZATION
MAYA TIMELINE
Olmec
1200-1000 BCE
Early Preclassic Maya 1800-900 BCE
Middle Preclassic Maya 900-300 BCE
Late Preclassic Maya 300 BCE - CE 250
MAYA CULTURE
Pierced ears, tattoos, body painting, straight black hair,
Large headdress for importance (Pacal, leader of Palenque, to right)
MAYA TRADE AND ECONOMY
Read left to right and top to bottom Only elite could read as writing considered to be
gift from the gods Wrote many books (destroyed by Spanish)
MAYA ART
Stelae – carved stone monuments
Rulers in elaborate costumes
Often with texts that described lineage and accomplishments
Headdress, ceremonial bar
Many holes in our knowledge, and educated guesses
MAYA HISTORY
Never recognized themselves as one people
Related dialects – similar language City-states (Palenque, Copan, Chichen Itza) No king or emperor but nobility City-states tried to dominate each other
nature (eg. Chac – Rain God)
MAYA RELIGION
Priestly blood sacrifice Human sacrifice later in Post classic Period
(Mexican influence) Religious festival every 20 days World 3 layers – Heavens, Earth,
Chiapas highlands of western Guatemala Tikal and Copan ‘middlemen’ cities in trade cacao
MAYA ECONOMY/TRADE
Quetzal feathers for nobility headdress
Early Classic Maya
250-600 CE
Late Classic Maya
600-900 CE
Post Classic Maya
900-1500 CE
Colonial period
1500-1800 CE
Independent Mexico 1821 to the presentΒιβλιοθήκη MAYA GEOGRAPHY
Traders
Farmers Workers
Slaves
MAYA CULTURE
Corn (maize), beans, squash, chilies for flavour, domesticated turkey
Loved dance, music pok-a-tuk (pok-a-tok) Maya ball game Losers (including coach) sacrificed /main.asp
Under(Other)world Priest dressed as jaguars , scary masks to scare
demons of Underworld Belief in afterlife
MAYA HISTORY
Did not record history or daily lives, so much of what we know comes from archaeology and European (colonial) records
MAYA TECHNOLOGY/INNOVATION
Math based on multiples of 20
0, 1, 2 5, 6 10, 11 15, 16
MAYA WRITING
Writing 800 glyphs (picture/symbol represents an object, idea, or sound
class society Caste (membership
hereditary and movement rare) Little known about women, but evidence of city-state queens
Nobility Priests
Warriors Craftsmen
Lowlands
– West borders Pacific Ocean, fertile plain – Yucatan Peninsula – Cenotes (excavated caverns) for water in east
Highlands
– granite and volcanic area of Sierra Madre (Mexican Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras)
Salt valued from Yucatan coast (preserve food, medicine, religious ceremonies) from north
granite from low mountains of Belize Jade, volcanic glass, and obsidian from
(sound familiar?)
MAYA HISTORY
Olmec lived in tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico Provided basis for Mesoamerican civilizations Bloodletting, glyphs similar to Maya Distinctive art (colossal heads)
MAYA ART
Pacal death mask
Love of jade Pottery
popular
MAYA ARCHITECTURE
Houses of poles and thatch (cool) Tikal (left) and Palenque (right)
MAYA SOCIETY
Extensive trade over 1000 miles
Porters carry goods (no beasts of burden)
MAYA TEHNOLOGY/INNOVATION
Calendar 260 days Also tracked solar
365 calendar
MAYA RELIGION
Driving force behind every aspect of life
Public temples and household shrines
Organized religion Established schedule for
agriculture Polytheistic and revolved around
MAYA CIVILIZATION
MAYA TIMELINE
Olmec
1200-1000 BCE
Early Preclassic Maya 1800-900 BCE
Middle Preclassic Maya 900-300 BCE
Late Preclassic Maya 300 BCE - CE 250
MAYA CULTURE
Pierced ears, tattoos, body painting, straight black hair,
Large headdress for importance (Pacal, leader of Palenque, to right)
MAYA TRADE AND ECONOMY
Read left to right and top to bottom Only elite could read as writing considered to be
gift from the gods Wrote many books (destroyed by Spanish)
MAYA ART
Stelae – carved stone monuments
Rulers in elaborate costumes
Often with texts that described lineage and accomplishments
Headdress, ceremonial bar
Many holes in our knowledge, and educated guesses
MAYA HISTORY
Never recognized themselves as one people
Related dialects – similar language City-states (Palenque, Copan, Chichen Itza) No king or emperor but nobility City-states tried to dominate each other
nature (eg. Chac – Rain God)
MAYA RELIGION
Priestly blood sacrifice Human sacrifice later in Post classic Period
(Mexican influence) Religious festival every 20 days World 3 layers – Heavens, Earth,
Chiapas highlands of western Guatemala Tikal and Copan ‘middlemen’ cities in trade cacao
MAYA ECONOMY/TRADE
Quetzal feathers for nobility headdress
Early Classic Maya
250-600 CE
Late Classic Maya
600-900 CE
Post Classic Maya
900-1500 CE
Colonial period
1500-1800 CE
Independent Mexico 1821 to the presentΒιβλιοθήκη MAYA GEOGRAPHY
Traders
Farmers Workers
Slaves
MAYA CULTURE
Corn (maize), beans, squash, chilies for flavour, domesticated turkey
Loved dance, music pok-a-tuk (pok-a-tok) Maya ball game Losers (including coach) sacrificed /main.asp
Under(Other)world Priest dressed as jaguars , scary masks to scare
demons of Underworld Belief in afterlife