基建工程财务审计重点探讨

论文摘要：基建工程财务审计是规范基本建设投资行为，对基本建设工程进行经济监督的一项很重要的经济监督形式，是做好基建工程效益审计的一种有效的方法。

基建工程财务审计作为一项成本控制的有效方法，已经在基建工程领域得到广泛的应用，并取得了很好的效果，减少了资金浪费和损失，提高了基建工程的投资效益，本文将对基建工程财务审计的重点进行分析。

随着经济的发展以及市场经济的进一步完善，我国的基建工程投资主体逐渐趋向多元化，利益格局的变化使得基建工程的财务审计成为必需。

基建工程财务审计是对基本建设工程进行经济监督的一项很重要的经济监督形式，是做好基建工程效益审计的一种有效的方法。

基建工程财务审计作为一项成本控制的有效方法，在监督投资工作、做好项目管理与控制方面发挥着积极地作用，有效地提高了基建工程的投资效益，下面将就基建工程财务审计的重点进行具体的分析。

一、明确基建工程各项费用基建工程财务审计的重点首先是明确各项费用的情况，主要包括几下几个方面：第一，基建工程的资金来源。

财务审计要对项目的各项资金来源审核清楚，审计基建工程的资金来源是否正当，在使用中是否出现资金缺口，是否能保证基建项目施工过程中的资金及时到位，同时还要对工程后期的投资情况进行审计。

第二，会计核算。

基建工程的财务审计需要对工程项目的财务收支情况进行会计核算，审查财务收支情况是否按照会计准则进行会计核算。

第三，资金的使用。

基建工程的资金使用情况是否按照预算执行，控制投资计划范围内使用。

是否符合工程建设的规范，在施工过程中是否出现超支或者是挪用资金、随意浪费的现象，对这些情况都要进行财务审计工作。

第四，财务凭证。

基建工程的财务审计还要审查与建设工程相关的会计账簿、财务报表等的记录是否真实，是否出现缺损、记录是否规范。

第五，要明确基建工程的债权债务关系，对施工过程中的财务往来做好财务审计工作。

二、审查合同的签订以及执行情况基建工程项目的实施要遵循先订立合同、后施工的原则，因此，财务审计的重点也包括审查合同的订立以及执行情况。

首先，要对合同的条款进行审查，是否符合相关法律法规的要求，并且关于定额套用、材料供应、费用计取、结算方式、以及违约责任等的条款是否符合施工建设的要求进行审查。

其次，还要对基建工程施工建设的相关单位是否严格符合合同条款的要求、是否缴纳足额的保证金进行审查，基建工程的预付材料款以及工程款是否按照合同规定的时间要求与金额要求进行支付，对合同的这些规定都要进行审查。

再次，还要审查是否出现违法转包与分包的情况，审查相关的财务资料，根据资金的流向以及会计核算方式来判断是否出现违法转包、分包的情况，同时，还要对非法利益分配进行审查。

三、项目施工过程中的财务审计基建工程的财务审计的重点是对施工过程中发生的各项费用进行财务审计，从而保证建设项目的顺利完工以及保证工程项目的经济效益。

可以从以下几个方面进行：第一，审查施工单位的工程款与发包方的支付的是否一致，审查基建工程项目的各个款项有无出现资金挪用的情况，是否都用在建设项目上。

第二，基建工程的财务审计还要对施工现场的日记账、资金的收支情况进行审计，还要对报销凭证进行审查。

第三，还要对建设项目的利润是否控制在合理的范围内进行审计，避免出现利润过高或者是利润过低的问题。

四、对基建工程的项目成本进行财务审计基建工程财务审计的重点还需要对工程项目的成本进行审计。

首先，要审查建设工程项目的成本核算是否符合会计制度的要求，成本核算的实施对基建工程项目的管理是否有利，同时，还要审核工程项目的成本的归集、投资的核算以及工程的成本核算是否合法、真实，基建工程项目的各个环节的财务审计以及内部的管理是否管理良好。

其次，还要对工程项目的工程款的结算进行审计，是否随意抬高造价成本、变更建设的内容，有无虚报工程款、重复计算以及其他不利于工程款结算的情况。

五、其他相关项目的审计（1）工程物资管理进行审计，其审查项目主要包括：要对库内的设备、材料等及时的进行检查，并对出现的技术以及质量问题及时进行维护和保养，同时，要正确的计算设备材料的实际成本，出入库手续是否完备、齐全，定期对工程物资进行盘点。

工程项目竣工后对，及时对结余设备、材料物资进行退库管理，也是基建工程财务审计的重点项目。

（2）基建工程决算的审计，可以从以下几个方面开展：一是收集相关的决算审计资料文件，包括项目立项文件、各类工程合同、物资采购以及各种招投标等资料；二是对构成资产的建筑工程、设备价值、安装工程费、其他费用等内容的真实性、合规性进行审查，关注资本化利息计算是否准确；三是材料物资的超领或结余情况的账务处理；四是对固定资产的实物盘点情况，确保资产的完整性和准确性。

六、结语基建工程建设的根本是工程的质量问题，为了更有效地提高基建工程的投资效益，做好财务审计工作是很有用的。

但是在实践中，往往由于很多方面的原因，使得基建工程的财务审计存在很多的问题，这就需要我们坚持财务审计的原则，并积极引进专业技术人才，做好基建项目的财务审计工作，只有这样，才能提高审计能力，从而更好地保证基建工程的质量，为我国的建设事业创造一个好的环境。

Abstract: infrastructure project finance audit is a basic construction investment behavior norms, to supervise the basic construction of an important form of economic supervision, is to do a good job in construction engineering benefit audit of a kind of effective method. Infrastructure projects financial audit as an effective method of cost control, has been widely used in the field of infrastructure projects, and achieved good effect, reduce the waste and loss of funds, improve the infrastructure project investment benefit, this paper will be the focus of the financial audit of construction project are analyzed.With the development of economy and the further perfect of market economy, our country's infrastructure construction investment main body gradually tends to diversity, interests pattern change makes the infrastructure of financial audit as required. Infrastructure project finance audit is to monitor the basic construction of an important form of economic supervision, is to do a good job in construction engineering benefit audit of a kind of effective method. Infrastructure projects financial audit as an effective method of cost control, in the supervision work, completes the project management and investment control plays a positive role, effectively improves the infrastructure project investment benefit, the following will focus on specific analysis of infrastructure project finance auditing.A, clear infrastructure project expensesThe focus of the infrastructure project finance auditing first is clear fees, mainly includes a few aspects: first, the funding of infrastructure projects. Financial audit to the various sources of funds for the project audit, the audit infrastructure projects funds are valid, whether any shortfall in the use, whether can guarantee funds in a timely manner in the process of infrastructure construction in place, as well as audit project investment situation of late. Second, the accounting system. Infrastructure project for the financial revenues and expenditures of the project financial audit need business accounting, review of financial revenues and expenditures is carried out in accordance with the accounting standards for accounting. Third, the use of funds. Infrastructureprojects funds usage is in accordance with the budget implementation, control the investment plan within the scope of use. Conformed to the specification of the construction of the project, whether in the process of construction cost overruns or embezzlement, optional waste phenomenon, for these cases are financial audit work. Fourth, financial credentials. Infrastructure projects of financial audit and review related to the construction of accounting books, financial statements and other records are real, whether any defect, records are standard. Fifth, we must make clear the creditor's rights debt relations of infrastructure projects, the construction process of the financial transaction completes the financial audit work.Second, review the execution and implementation of the contractThe implementation of infrastructure projects to follow the principle of first to enter into a contract, after construction, therefore, the focus of the financial audit also includes the review of the contract concluded and the implementation. First of all, want to review the terms of the contract, whether to conform to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, and about the quota to paraphrase, material supply, cost plan, the method of payment, and liability for breach of the terms of the examined whether accord with the requirement of construction. Second, also talks about the construction of infrastructure project construction unit is strictly conform to the requirements of the terms of the contract, whether or not to pay full specified amount of margin review, construction engineering material money and whether the payment in advance according to the time requirements stipulated in the contract and the amount required to pay, a review of the provisions of the contract. Again, and review whether any illegal subcontracting and subcontract, reviewing the financial information, according to the flow of funds and accounting method to determine whether illegal subcontract, the subcontract, at the same time, also for illegal profit distribution.Third, the financial audit in the process of project constructionInfrastructure projects is the focus of the financial audit of the expenses incurred during the construction process of financial audit, to ensure smooth completion of the construction projects and ensure the economic benefits of the project. Can from the following several aspects: first, review the construction unit of the project payment and payment of the party are consistent, review the infrastructure projects have all the money without the embezzlement case, are used in construction projects. Second, the financial audit of construction projects and the construction site of the journal, the balance of the funds audit, but also to review reimbursement vouchers. Third, whether the profit control of construction project audit within a reasonable scope, to avoid the problem of profit too high or too low.Fourth, financial audit of construction engineering project costInfrastructure projects the focus of the financial audit also need to audit the cost of the project. First of all, to review the construction of the project cost accounting whether meet the requirements of the accounting system, the implementation of cost accounting of construction engineering project management is good, at the same time, to audit the account of the cost of the project, investment, accounting and project cost accounting is legal, true, every link of infrastructure project finance audit and internal management is good. Second, but also for project settlement audit of the project payment, whether to raise cost, change the contents of the construction cost, without any payment, double counting and other unfavorable to the situation of the project payment and settlement.Five, the other related project audit(1) engineering material management audit, the audit project mainly includes: to the rolls of inspection equipment, materials and other timely, and the technical and quality problems timely maintenance and maintenance, at the same time, to correct the actual costs of computing devices, materials, procedure is complete, complete, for ins and outs of engineering materials for inventory on a regular basis. , in a timely manner after the completion of construction to balance for withdrawing money management for equipment, materials, supplies, is also the focus of the infrastructure project finance auditing project.(2) the capital construction project final accounts audit, which can be carried out from the following several aspects: one is to collect the final accounts of the audit information files, including project documents, construction contracts, material procurement and bidding data; The second is to constitute the assets value of construction projects, equipment, installation engineering, other fees such as the truthfulness, compliance review of the contents, pay attention to the capitalization interest calculation is accurate; 3 it is material supplies ChaoLing or balance of accounting treatment; Four is a physical count of fixed assets, ensure the integrity of the assets and accuracy.Six, the concludingInfrastructure is essential in engineering construction project quality problems, in order to more effectively improve the investment benefit of construction project, make financial audit work is very useful. But in practice, due to many reasons, often makes the financial audit infrastructure projects is a lot of problems, which requires we insist on the principle of financial audit, and actively introduce professional and technical personnel, to do a good job of financial audit infrastructure projects, only in this way, in order to improve the ability of the audit, to better ensure the quality of infrastructure projects, create a good environment for our country's construction.。