小升初考点及重难点语法知识归纳总复习

小升初考点及重难点语法知识归纳总复习
小升初考点及重难点语法知识归纳总复习
考点一. 名词
表示人或者事物名称的词叫做_________,名词分普通名词和专有名词。

通常普通
名词的单数形式出现在词组或句子中时,需在名词前加上不定冠词“________”，当________遇到后面所跟单词的第一个音素是元音时,需改成________。

在一般
情况下,以____,____,____,____即元音字母开头的单词第一个音素是元音音素。

在
u开头的情况下，如果u读作本身的音，加________;如果不读作本身的音,加
_________。

在需要特别指定的名字前用冠词“_______”。

Focused Practice:
_____actor _____ nurse _____ teacher _____ doctor _____ old man _____egg _____ student _____ ink bottle _____ umbrella
词的单复数同形。

重点A：可数名词的复数规则变化
写出下列单词的复数形式或反之
fox__________ tree __________ cherry__________ boy__________ leaf __________ beach__________ class__________ fan__________ brush__________ forks__________ nurses __________ ladies__________
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的”，指明所属关系。

Focused Practice:
写出所给内容的所有格，已是所有格的用“/”表示。

Jane _______ the nurse_________ farmers_______ he________ her________ we________
考点二．代词
可以代替任何人或事物的词叫做________。

小学所学代词包括人称代词，物主代词，指示代词，疑问代词。

重点A：人称代词
表示人的代词叫做___________，然而并不全指人，也指物。

人称代词有主格，宾格，所有格三种形式，有单复数和人称之分。

1. 人称代词主格在句子中主要用作主语：
“____,____,____”都解释为“是”。

“是”动词又称作“be”动词。

Focused Practice:
将下列人称代词主格搭配适当的be动词。

I_____ you_____ he______ she_____ it_____ we______ they______
情景造句：
我们是学生，你是老师。

_______________________________________.
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他们喜欢看书。

_______________________________________.
注：主格和宾格释义相同，但用法不同，比较下面的两组句子。

（）动词（）（）动词（）
他在她前面。

她在他后面。

（）is in front of （）. （
）is behind （）.
根据上述例子，显然宾格通常是放在_________或_________后。

重点B：物主代词
物主代词也叫做人称代词所有格，表示归属关系。

通常可分为名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。

S”，详见下表：3
注：两种物主代词，释义相同，但用法不同。

请比较一下例句：
1) This is my cap.
That cap is yours.
2)Your shoes are black.
Ours are blue.
形容词性物主代词后必须加________，它是对名词起到解释，限定的作用。

名词性物主代词一般在有上下文的前提下，才能使用。

它包含上文所提及的名词，如例1）.总结：我们可用句首，句中，句末的方式说明两种物主代词句子中所处的位置。

句首句中句末
形容词性/名词性形容词性名词性
Focused Practice:
根据例句，改写句子。

e.g That is her pencil.-----That pencil is hers.
1) This is your pencil-box. 2) Those dresses are hers.
This _____ _____ _____. Those _____ _____ _____.
2) Is that our teacher? 3) Are those their spoons?
Is _____ _____ _____? Are _____ _____ _____?
用名词性物主代词替代划线部分。

1）)
2) ) 4
3) )
重点C：指示代词
用来指示或者标识人或事物的_________, 叫做指示代词。

注：用法一和用法二中的指示代词结构都可以用人称代词来替换。

Focused Practice:
用人称代词替换下列those glasses___________ the man__________ this knife__________ that lady__________
重点D：疑问代词
注：由how引导的how much, how many等的用法。

Focused Practice:
1）改错
This is long ruler. (两种改法)
2)选择题
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Is that_______ English book good?
A. /
B. an
C. a
3) Miss White has some ______________(coffee cup).
4）用物主代词代替句子中的名词所有格。

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
人称代词、物主代词、be动词用法、一般现在时的专项练习：
一.英汉互译
No.1 我家里有四口人.
_____ _____ _____ _____ in my family.
No.2 这是Mike的书包.
_____ _____ _____ _____.
No.3 在星期天,我经常和我的姐姐去购物.
_____ _____ , _____ usually go shopping _____ _____ _____.
No.4 这本故事书是我的.
_____ story book _____ _____.
No.5 我最喜欢的运动是游泳(swim).
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
No.6 Linda 喜欢以一些牛奶和两个鸡蛋作为早餐.
Linda likes _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
No.7 我有两个哥哥,他们是Jack和Nick.
I have two brothers,_____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
二.句型转换
No.8 My name is Amy.(改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________.
No.9 I like tennis best.(改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________.
No.10 I like playing basketball.(将句中的playing改为其原型)
_____________________________________.
* No.11 I often do my homework in the evening.(改为一般疑问句;提示:do homework是固定词组)
_____________________________________.
No.12 My father’s birthday is on January.(改为一般疑问句)
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_____________________________________.
No.13 John and Jim go to work together.(改为同义句;提示:with)
_____________________________________.
No.14 That cat’s name is Mi mi.(改为同义句;提示:of,名词所有格的另一种形式) _____________________________________.
三.适当形式填空.
No.15 September 10th is _____(teacher)day.
No.16 My pencil is black, what about _____ (your)?
No.17 _______(do) your mother love them?
No.18 My favorite vegetables _____(be) carrots and tomatoes.
No.19 There are nine _____(potato).
No.20 There is some _____(milk) in the bottle.
No.21 There _____(is) many photos of my family on the wall.
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否定句：Linda has not eight English books.
3.当to have 句型肯定句中出现some,在转换成否定句时，应把some 改为any. The students have some pencil boxes.
The students haven’t any pencil boxes.
To have句型，肯定句改一般疑问句时，需把have/has提到句首，同样，如遇some,应将some改成any。

Some一般用肯定句，any一般用否定句和一般疑问句。

Some和any 后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。

在一般疑问句的简略回答中，勿忘用人称代词的主
格。

e.g Mr. White has some tea.
Has Mr. White any tea?
Yes, he has.
No, he hasn‟t. Focused Practice:
将下列句子改成一般疑问句，并用肯定和否定的简略形式回答。

Miss Green has some hot water.
_______________________________
_______________________________
The tree has some new leaves.
_______________________________
_______________________________
We have some hot water.
_______________________________
_______________________________
重点C：to do 句型。

1.do的用法。

A．作为行为动词用时，解释为“做”。

Do morning exercises.做早操Do some shopping.购物
B．作助动词用时，本身无解释，作用是帮助行为动词构成疑问或否定结构。

I don‟t do housework.我不做家务。

Do you do housework?你做家务吗？
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Focused Practice:
将动词原形改成三单式。

Watch______ play_____ do_____ see _____ touch _____ walk_____ hear_____ smell _____ taste_____
将下列句子改成否定句：
I like peaches. You want some beef.
_______________________ _________________________
We watch TV every day. The nurse likes white.
_______________________ _________________________
To do 句型的一般疑问句及简略回答。

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1.主语是______（A. 第三人称单数B.非第三人称单数）时，在陈述句句首加上Do.肯定回答和否定湖大的简略形式都少不了do.
e.g
I like the rainbow.
Do you like the rainbow?
Yes, I do.
No, I don‟t.
将下列句子改成一般疑问句，并作简略的肯定和否定回答。

They want sofas.
______________________________
______________________________
We like this house.
______________________________
______________________________
2.主语是_______（A.第三人称单数B.非第三人称单数），在陈述句句首加上does，将动
词第三人称单数改回原形。

肯定回答和否定回答的简略形式都少不了does。

e.g The teacher wants an office.
Does the teacher want an office?
Yes, she does. No, she doesn‟t.
将下列句子改成一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定的简略回答。

Her child watches TV in the evening.
____________________________________
That woman likes sheep.
____________________________________
Their father wants an English book.
____________________________________
考点四：There be 句型。

There be 句型的中文意思是“有……”,确切含义是“存在”，表示“某个地方有”。

There be 句型的结构为there be +名词+地点（介词词组）
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3. Three, beside, blouse, Linda‟s, shirts, are ,there
4. Man, an ,there, old, under, tree, the ,is
There be 句型的否定句，只需在be动词后加________即可，但和to have句型一样，some 应该成________.
There is some milk in the cup.
________________________________
There be 句型陈述句改一般疑问句，需将_______动词提至句首，如有some，应改成_______。

肯定句回答的简略形式是Yes, there is/are.否定回答的简略形式是No, there is/ are not.
e.g There are some ducks on the river.
Are there any ducks on the river?
Yes, there are.
No, there aren‟t.
将下列句子改成一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定简略回答。

There are eleven houses on the farm.
________________________________
________________________________
There is some coffee in the cup.
________________________________
________________________________
There 的用法：
1）there用在there be句型中，表示“存在”的有。

2）there表示“在那儿”，e.g. Your flowers are there.你在花在那儿。

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考点五：时态
重点A：一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
谓语动词的变化规律是：
(1) 在动词后加-s，-es
read - reads，write - writes，say - says
(2) 以s，x，ch，sh，o 结尾的词加-es
teach - teaches，wash - washes，guess - guesses
(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es
try - tries，carry - carries
(4) 特殊变化的词
have (有) - have, has
I, we, you, they, 名词复数都用have
she/he/it is, 名词单数都用has
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______________________________________________
______________________________________________ 2. The tiger is sleeping.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3. My mother is shopping in the supermarket.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
重点C：一般过去时
表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。

如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month，last year，a moment ago （刚才），just now（刚才），two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。

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句子结构及用法。

1．在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。

（1）I was at home yesterday.
昨天我在家。

（2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。

2．在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。

I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。

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练习：用动词的适当形式填空
1. It ______ (be) Ben‟s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim‟s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
重点D：一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow,
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn’t，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
基本句型
肯定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go.
否定句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go.
疑问句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go?
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小学时态综合练习题
一．根据所给动词的适当形式填空
1. We often_____（play）on the playground.
2. He _____(get) up at six o‟clock.
3. ____ you ______(brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What _____(do) he usually _____(do) after school.
5. Danny ______(study) English ,Chinese, Math.
6. Mike sometimes _____(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she _____(watch) TV with his partner.
8. _____Mike _____(read) English every day.
9. How many lessons _____your classmate _____(have) on Monday.
10. What time _____his mother _____(do) the housework.
小升初英语考前模拟题
一、找出划线部分发音与其它单词不同的选项（10分）
（）1、A. name B. bag C. at D. and
（）2、A. ten B. desk C. bed D. me
（）3、A. live B. his C. five D. fish
（）4、A. on B. no C. shop D. not
（）5、A. use B. much C. but D. lunch
二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（20分）
1、I have a beautiful cat.______ Name is Mimi . (it)
2. Listen! Some girls ______(sing) in the classroom.
3. He often ______(have) dinner at home.
4．There______ (be) some water in the bottle.
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5. It…s Friday today . What she______ (do) this weekend?
6. Tom______ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
7、Do they like______ （swim）?
8、Look! She is ______(draw) a picture.
9、Danny eats cakes ,eggs and ______(grape) for lunch.
10、Yesterday he______ (be) late for the meeting.
三. 择正确选项（30分）
( )1. What‟s this? This is———— eraser.
A. an
B. a
C. the
D. two
( )2. He is playing ————piano and she is playing ——————football.
A. the; /
B. /; /
C. /; the
D. a; the
( )3. Have you got a map ——————Shanghai?
A. of
B. …s
C. in
D. to
( )4. Lily is wearing purple shorts —————— Thursday morning.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. to
( )5. It‟s time ————-have lunch.
A. for
B. to
C. at
D. on
四. 给问句选答句（10分）
（）1、How does Amy feel?
（）2、What did you do last weekend？
（）3、Where does the rain come from？
（）4、What‟s your father?
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（）5、What do you have on Monday?
A. Went swimming
B.She is tired.
C.He is a teacher
D.It comes from the cloud.
E.We have social studies.
五. 从所给的选项中选择恰当的句子补全对话(10分)
Helen: What are you looking at, Tom?
Tom: _______
Helen: _______
Tom: I…ll leave on the first of the New Year.
Helen: How will you get there?
Tom: _______
Helen: My Dad went to there last year. 4
Tom: _______
A. When will you leave?
B. By plane.
C. That‟s great!
D. The Great Wall, I…m going there on holiday.
E. I want to go there, too.
六．根据短文内容判断下列句子正(T) 误(F). (20分)
An English student went to a city in Australia to study. He walked around the city to look for a warm room. One evening he was walking along the street with a map. He saw a small board in the window of a house. The word“Room “was on it。

“What a nice room it is！”he said，“the window are in the south side。

The sun will come into the room during the day. I like it. But he was wrong. The sun is always in the north in the city. Do you know why?
( )1. The English student went to Australia for a trip.
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( )2. He knows the city very well.
( )3. The sun is always I the north in that city.
( )4. He liked the room because he thought the sun would come into the room during the day. ( )5. The English student was wrong because the city is near the south end of the earth.
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