Lecture 7 期权
第七章外汇期货与外汇期权

Lecture10(Chapter 07)Futures and Options on Foreign Exchange外汇期货与期权1. A put option on $15,000 with a strike price of €10,000 is the same thing as a call option on €10,000 with a strike price of $15,000.TRUE2. A CME contract on €125,000 with Septe mber delivery 交货A. is an example of a forward contract.B. is an example of a futures contract.C. is an example of a put option.D. is an example of a call option.3. Yesterday, you entered into a futures contract to buy €62,500 at $1.50 per €. Suppose t he futures price closes today at $1.46. How much have you made/lost?A. Depends on your margin balance.B. You have made $2,500.00.C. You have lost $2,500.00.D. You have neither made nor lost money, yet.4. In reference to the futures market, a "speculator"A. attempts to profit from a change in the futures priceB. wants to avoid price variation by locking in a purchase price of the underlying asset through a long position in the futures contract or a sales price through a short position in the futures contractC. stands ready to buy or sell contracts in unlimited quantityD. both b) and c)5. Comparing "forward" and "futures" exchange contracts, we can say thatA. they are both "marked-to-market" daily.B. their major difference is in the way the underlying asset is priced for future purchase or sale: futures settle daily and forwards settle at maturity.C. a futures contract is negotiated by open outcry between floor brokers or traders and is traded on organized exchanges, while forward contract is tailor-made by an international bank for its clients and is traded OTC.D. both b) and c)Topic: Futures Contracts: Some Preliminaries6. Comparing "forward"远期合约 and "futures"期货合约 exchange contracts, we can say thatA. delivery of the underlying asset is seldom made in futures contracts.B. delivery of the underlying asset is usually made in forward contracts.C. delivery of the underlying asset is seldom made in either contract—they are typically cash settled at maturity.D. both a) and b)E. both a) and c)7. In which market does a clearinghouse serve as a third party to all transactions?A. FuturesB. ForwardsC. SwapsD. None of the above8. In the event of a default on one side of a futures trade,A. the clearing member stands in for the defaulting party. 结算会员代表为违约方B. the clearing member will seek restitution for the defaulting party.寻求赔偿C. if the default is on the short side, a randomly selected long contract will not get paid. That party will then have standing to initiate a civil suit against the defaulting short.D. both a) and b)9. Yesterday, you entered into a futures contract to buy €62,500 at $1.50 per €. Your initial performance bond is $1,500 and your maintenance level is $500. At what settle price will you get a demand for additional funds to be posted? 题目的意思是,初始保证金余额1500,维持保证金水平为500,当汇率在哪个水平上,客户需要追加保证金?,A.$1.5160 per €.B.$1.208 per €.C.$1.1920 per €.D.$1.4840 per €.10. Yesterday, you entered into a futures contract to sell €62,500 at $1.50 per €. Your initial performance bond is $1,500 and your maintenance level is $500. At what settle price will you get a demand for additional funds to be posted?A.$1.5160 per €.B.$1.208 per €.C.$1.1920 per €.D.$1.1840 per €.11. Yesterday, you entered into a futures contract to buy €62,500 at$1.50/€. Your initial margin was $3,750 (= 0.04 ⨯€62,500 ⨯$1.50/€ = 4 percent of the contract value in dollars). Your maintenance margin is $2,000 (meaning that your broker leaves you alone until your account balance falls to $2,000). At what settle price (use 4 decimal places) do you get a margin call?A.$1.4720/€62500×(1.5-?)=3750-2000B.$1.5280/€C.$1.500/€D. None of the above12. Three days ago, you entered into a futures contract to sell €62,500 at $1.50 per €. Over the past three days the contract has settled at $1.50, $1.52, and $1.54. How much have you made or lost?A.Lost $0.04 per € or $2,500B.Made $0.04 per € or $2,500C.Lost $0.06 per € or $3,750D. None of the above13. Today's settlement price on a Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Yen futures contract is $0.8011/¥100. Your margin account currently has a balance of $2,000. The next three days' settlement prices are $0.8057/¥100, $0.7996/¥100, and $0.7985/¥100. (The contractual size of one CME Yen contract is ¥12,500,000). If you have a short position 空头in one futures contract, the changes in the margin account from daily marking-to-market will result in the balance of the margin account after the third day to be 日元贬值,赚钱A. $1,425.B. $2,000.C. $2,325.=(0.8011-0.7985)×125000+2000D. $3,425.14. Today's settlement price on a Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Yen futures contract is $0.8011/¥100. Your margin account currently has a balance of $2,000. The next three days' settlement prices are $0.8057/¥100, $0.7996/¥100, and $0.7985/¥100. (The contractual size of one CME Yen contract is ¥12,500,000). If you have a long position 多头in one futures contract, the changes in the margin account from daily marking-to-market, will result in the balance of the margin account after the third day to be 日元贬值,亏钱A. $1,425.B. $1,675.C. $2,000.D. $3,425.Topic: Currency Futures Markets15. Suppose the futures price is below the price predicted by IRP. What steps would assure an arbitrage profit?A. Go short in the spot market, go long in the futures contract.B. Go long in the spot market, go short in the futures contract.C. Go short in the spot market, go short in the futures contract.D. Go long in the spot market, go long in the futures contract.16. What paradigm is used to define the futures price?A. IRP利率平价B. Hedge RatioC. Black ScholesD. Risk Neutral Valuation17. Suppose you observe the following 1-year interest rates, spot exchange rates and futures prices. Futures contracts are available on €10,000. How much risk-free arbitrage profit could you make on 1 contract at maturity from this mispricing?A. $159.22F=1.45×1.04/1.03=1.4641B. $153.10(1.48-1.4641)×10000=459C. $439.42D. None of the aboveThe futures price of $1.48/€ is above the IRP futures price of $1.4641/€, so we want to sel l (i.e. take a short position in 1 futures contract on €10,000, agreeing to sell €10,000 in 1 year for $14,800).Profit =To hedge, we borrow $14,077.67 today at 4%, convert to euro at the spot rate of $1.45/€, invest at 3%. At maturity, our investme nt matures and pays €10,000, which we sell for $14,800, and then we repay our dollar borrowing with $14,640.78. Our risk-free profit = $159.22 = $14,800 - $14,640.7818. Which equation is used to define the futures price?A.B.C.D.19. Which equation is used to define the futures price? A.B.C.D.E.Topic: Currency Futures Markets20. If a currency futures contract (direct quote) is priced below the price implied by Interest Rate Parity (IRP), arbitrageurs could take advantage of the mispricing by simultaneouslyA. going short in the futures contract, borrowing in the domestic currency, and going long in the foreign currency in the spot market.B. going short in the futures contract, lending in the domestic currency, and going long in the foreign currency in the spot market.C. going long in the futures contract, borrowing in the domestic currency, and going short in the foreign currency in the spot market.D. going long in the futures contract, borrowing in the foreign currency, and going long in the domestic currency, investing the proceeds at the local rate of interest.21. Open interest in currency futures contractsA. tends to be greatest for the near-term contracts.B. tends to be greatest for the longer-term contracts.C. typically decreases with the term to maturity of most futures contracts.D. both a) and c)22. The "open interest" shown in currency futures quotations isA. the total number of people indicating interest in buying the contracts in the near future.B. the total number of people indicating interest in selling the contracts in the near future.C. the total number of people indicating interest in buying or selling the contracts in the near future.D. the total number of long or short contracts outstanding for the particular delivery month.23. If you think that the dollar is going to appreciate against the euro, you shouldA. buy put options on the euro.B. sell call options on the euro.卖出欧元看涨权C. buy call options on the euro.D. none of the above24. From the perspective of the writer 卖家of a put option 看跌期权written on €62,500. If the s trike price执行价格 i s $1.55/€, and the option premium is $1,875, at what exchange rate do you start to lose money?A.$1.52/€B.$1.55/€C.$1.58/€D. None of the above25. A European option is different from an American option in thatA. one is traded in Europe and one in traded in the United States.B. European options can only be exercised at maturity; American options can be exercised prior to maturity.C. European options tend to be worth more than American options, ceteris paribus.D. American options have a fixed exercise price; European options' exercise price is set at the average price of the underlying asset during the life of the option.26. An "option" isA. a contract giving the seller (writer) of the option the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a given quantity of an asset at a specified price at some time in the future.B. a contract giving the owner (buyer) of the option the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a given quantity of an asset at a specified price at some time in the future.C. a contract giving the owner (buyer) of the option the right, but not the obligation, to buy (put) or sell (call) a given quantity of an asset at a specified price at some time in the future.D. a contract giving the owner (buyer) of the option the right, but not the obligation, to buy (put) or sell (sell) a given quantity of an asset at a specified price at some time in the future.27. An investor believes that the price of a stock, say IBM's shares, will increase in the next 60 days. If the investor is correct, which combination of the following investment strategies will show a profit in all the choices?(i) - buy the stock and hold it for 60 days(ii) - buy a put option(iii) - sell (write) a call option(iv) - buy a call option(v) - sell (write) a put optionA. (i), (ii), and (iii)B. (i), (ii), and (iv)C. (i), (iv), and (v)D. (ii) and (iii)28. Most exchange traded currency optionsA. mature every month, with daily resettlement.B. have original maturities of 1, 2, and 3 years.C. have original maturities of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.D. mature every month, without daily resettlement.29. The volume of OTC currency options trading isA. much smaller than that of organized-exchange currency option trading.B. much larger than that of organized-exchange currency option trading.C. larger, because the exchanges are only repackaging OTC options for their customers.D. none of the above30. In the CURRENCY TRADING section of The Wall Street Journal, the following appeared under the heading OPTIONS:Which combination of the following statements are true?(i)- The time values of the 68 May and 69 May put options are respectively .30 cents and .50 cents.(ii)- The 68 May put option has a lower time value (price) than the 69 May put option.(iii)- If everything else is kept constant, the spot price and the put premium are inversely related. (iv)- The time values of the 68 May and 69 May put options are, respectively, 1.63 cents and 0.83 cents.(v)- If everything else is kept constant, the strike price and the put premium are inversely related.A. (i), (ii), and (iii)B. (ii), (iii), and (iv)C. (iii) and (iv)D. ( iv) and (v)31. With currency futures options the underlying asset isA. foreign currency.B. a call or put option written on foreign currency.C. a futures contract on the foreign currency.D. none of the above32. Exercise of a currency futures option results inA. a long futures position for the call buyer or put writer.B. a short futures position for the call buyer or put writer.C. a long futures position for the put buyer or call writer.D. a short futures position for the call buyer or put buyer.33. A currency futures option amounts to a derivative on a derivative. Why would something like that exist?A. For some assets, the futures contract can have lower transactions costs and greater liquidity than the underlying asset. 标的资产B. Tax consequences matter as well, and for some users an option contract on a future is more tax efficient.C. Transactions costs and liquidity.D. All of the above34. The current spot exchange rate目前即期汇率is $1.55 = €1.00 and the three-month forward rate is $1.60 = €1.00. Consi der a three-month American call option on €62,500. For this option to be considered at-the-money, the strike price must beA.$1.60 = €1.00B.$1.55 = €1.00C. $1.55 ⨯ (1+i$)3/12= €1.00 ⨯ (1+i€)3/12D. none of the above35. The current spot exchange rate is $1.55 = €1.00 and the three-month forward rate is $1.60 = €1.00. Consider a three-month American call option on €62,500 with a strike price of $1.50 = €1.00. Immediate exercise of this option will generate a profit ofA. $6,125B. $6,125/(1+i$)3/12C. negative profit, so exercise would not occurD. $3,12536. The current spot exchange rate is $1.55 = €1.00 and the three-month forward rate is $1.60 = €1.00. Consider a three-month American call option on €62,500 with a strike price of $1.50 = €1.00. If you pay an option premium of $5,000 to buy this call, at what exchange rate will you break-even?A.$1.58 = €1.00B.$1.62 = €1.00C.$1.50 = €1.00D.$1.68 = €1.0037. Consider the graph of a call option shown at right. The option is a three-month American call option on €62,500 with a strike price of $1.50 = €1.00 and an option premium of $3,125. What are the values of A, B, and C, respectively?A. A = -$3,125 (or -$.05 depending on your scale); B = $1.50; C = $1.55B. A = -€3,750 (or -€.06 depend ing on your scale); B = $1.50; C = $1.55C. A = -$.05; B = $1.55; C = $1.60D. none of the above38. Which of the lines is a graph of the profit at maturity of writing a call option on €62,500 with a strike price of $1.20 = €1.00 and an option premium of $3,125?A. AB. BC. CD. D39. The current spot exchange rate is $1.55 = €1.00; the three-month U.S. dollar interest rate is 2%. Consider a three-month American call option on €62,500 with a strike price of $1.50 =€1.00. What is the least that this option should sell for?A. $0.05 62,500 = $3,125B. $3,125/1.02 = $3,063.73C. $0.00D. none of the above40. Which of the follow options strategies are consistent in their belief about the future behavior of the underlying asset price?A. Selling calls and selling putsB. Buying calls and buying putsC. Buying calls and selling putsD. None of the aboveTopic: American Option-Pricing Relationships41. American call and put premiumsA. should be at least as large as their intrinsic value. 内在价值B. should be at no larger than their moneyness.C. should be exactly equal to their time value.D. should be no larger than their speculative value.42. Which of the following is correct?A. Time value = intrinsic value + option premiumB. Intrinsic value = option premium + time valueC. Option premium = intrinsic value - time valueD. Option premium = intrinsic value + time value43. Which of the following is correct?A. European options can be exercised early.B. American options can be exercised early.C. Asian options can be exercised early.D. All of the above44. Assume that the dollar-euro spot rate is $1.28 and the six-month forward rateis . The six-month U.S. dollar rate is 5% and the Eurodollar rate is 4%. The minimum price that a six-month American call option with a striking price of $1.25 should sell for in a rational market isA. 0 centsB. 3.47 centsC. 3.55 centsD. 3 cents45. For European options, what of the effect of an increase in S t?A. Decrease the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusB. Increase the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusC. Decrease the value of calls, increase the value of puts ceteris paribusD. Increase the value of calls, decrease the value of puts ceteris paribus46. For an American call option, A and B in the graph areA. time value and intrinsic value.B. intrinsic value and time value.C. in-the-money and out-of-the money.D. none of the above47. For European options, what of the effect of an increase in the strike price E?A. Decrease the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusB. Increase the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusC. Decrease the value of calls, increase the value of puts ceteris paribusD. Increase the value of calls, decrease the value of puts ceteris paribus48. For European currency options written on euro with a strike price in dollars, what of the effect of an increase in r$ relative to r€?A. Decrease the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusB. Increase the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusC. Decrease the value of calls, increase the value of puts ceteris paribusD. Increase the value of calls, decrease the value of puts ceteris paribus49. For European currency options written on euro with a strike price in dollars, what of the effect of an increase in r$?A. Decrease the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusB. Increase the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusC. Decrease the value of calls, increase the value of puts ceteris paribusD. Increase the value of calls, decrease the value of puts ceteris paribusTopic: European Option-Pricing Relationships50. For European currency options written on euro with a strike price in dollars, what of the effect of an increase r€?A. Decrease the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusB. Increase the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusC. Decrease the value of calls, increase the value of puts ceteris paribusD. Increase the value of calls, decrease the value of puts ceteris paribus51. For European currency options written on euro with a strike price in dollars, what of the effect of an increase in the exchange rate S($/€)?A. Decrease the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusB. Increase the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusC. Decrease the value of calls, increase the value of puts ceteris paribusD. Increase the value of calls, decrease the value of puts ceteris paribus52. For European currency options written on euro with a strike price in dollars, what of the effect of an increase in the exchange rate S(€/$)?A. Decrease the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusB. Increase the value of calls and puts ceteris paribusC. Decrease the value of calls, increase the value of puts ceteris paribusD. Increase the value of calls, decrease the value of puts ceteris paribus53. The hedge ratioA. Is the size of the long (short) position the investor must have in the underlying asset per option the investor must write (buy) to have a risk-free offsetting investment that will result in the investor perfectly hedging the option.B.C. Is related to the number of options that an investor can write without unlimited loss while holding a certain amount of the underlying asset.D. All of the above54. Find the value of a call option written on €100 with a strike price of $1.00 = €1.00. In one period there are two possibilities: the exchange rate will move up by 15% or down by 15% (i.e. $1.15 = €1.00 or $0.85 = €1.00). The U.S. risk-free rate is 5% over the period. The risk-neutral probability of dollar depreciation is 2/3 and the risk-neutral probability of the dollar strengthening is 1/3.A. $9.5238B. $0.0952C. $0D. $3.174655. Use the binomial option pricing model to find the value of a call option on £10,000 with a strike price of €12,500.The current exchange rate is €1.50/£1.00 and in the next period the exchange rate can increase to €2.40/£ or decrease to €0.9375/€1.00 (i.e. u = 1.6 and d = 1/u = 0.625).The current interest rates are i€ = 3% and are i£ = 4%.Choose the answer closest to yours.A.€3,275B.€2,500C.€3,373D.€3,24356. Find the hedge ratio for a call option on £10,000 with a strike price of €12,500.The current exchange rate is €1.50/£1.00 and in the next period the exchange rate can increase to €2.40/£ or decrease to €0.9375/€1.00 (i.e. u = 1.6 and d = 1/u = 0.625).The current interest rates are i€ = 3% and are i£ = 4%.Choose the answer closest to yours.A. 5/9B. 8/13C. 2/3D. 3/8E. None of the above57. You have written a call option on £10,000 with a strike price of $20,000. The current exchange rate is $2.00/£1.00 and in the next period the exchange rate can increase to$4.00/£1.00 or decrease to $1.00/€1.00 (i.e. u = 2 and d = 1/u = 0. 5). The current interest rates are i$ = 3% and are i£ = 2%. Find the hedge ratio and use it to create a position in the underlying asset that will hedge your option position.A. Buy £10,000 today at $2.00/£1.00.B. Enter into a short position in a futures contract on £6,666.67.C. Lend the present value of £6,666.67 today at i£ = 2%.D. Enter into a long position in a futures contract on £6,666.67.E. Both c) and d) would workF. None of the above58. Draw the tree for a put option on $20,000 with a strike price of £10,000. The current exchange rate is £1.00 = $2.00 and in one period the dollar value of the pound will either double or be cut in half. The current interest rates are i$ = 3% and are i£ = 2%.A.B.C. None of the above59. Draw the tree for a call option on $20,000 with a strike price of £10,000. The current exchange rate is £1.00 = $2.00 and in one period the dollar value of the pound will either double or be cut in half. The current interest rates are i$ = 3% and are i£ = 2%.A.B.C. None of the above60. Find the hedge ratio for a put option on $15,000 with a strike price of €10,000. In one period the exchange rate (currently S($/€) = $1.50/€) can increase by 60% or decrease by 37.5% (i.e.u = 1.6 and d = 0.625).A. -15/49B. 5/13C. 3/2D. 15/4961. Find the hedge ratio for a put option on €10,000 with a strike price of $15,000. In one period the exchange rate (currently S($/€) = $1.50/€) can increase by 60% or decrease by 37.5% (i.e. u = 1.6 and d = 0.625).A. -15/49B. 8/13C. -5/13D. 15/4962. Find the dollar value today of a 1-period at-the-money call option on €10,000. The spot exchange rate is €1.00 = $1.25. In the next period, the euro can increase in dollar value to $2.00 or fall to $1.00. The interest rate in dollars is i$ = 27.50%; the interest rate in euro is i€ = 2%.A. $3,308.82B. $0C. $3,294.12D. $4,218.7563. Suppose that you have written a call option on €10,000 with a strike price in dollars. Suppose further that the hedge ratio is ½. Which of the following would be an appropriate hedge for a short position in this call option?A.Buy €10,000 today at today's spot exchange rate.B.Buy €5,000 today at today's spot exchange rate.C.Agree to buy €5,000 at the maturity of the option at the forward exchange rate for the maturity of the option that prevails today (i.e., go long i n a forward contract on €5,000).D.Buy the present value of €5,000 discounted at i€ for the maturity of the option.E. Both c) and d) would work.F. None of the above64. Find the value of a one-year put option on $15,000 with a strike price of €10,000. I n one year the exchange rate (currently S0($/€) = $1.50/€) can increase by 60% or decrease by 37.5% (i.e. u = 1.6 and d = 0.625). The current one-year interest rate in the U.S. is i$ = 4% and the current one-year interest rate in the euro zone is i€ = 4%.A.€1,525.52B. $3,328.40C. $4,992.60D.€2,218.94E. None of the above65. Find the value of a one-year call option on €10,000 with a strike price of $15,000. In one year the exchange rate (currently S0($/€) = $1.50/€) can increase by 60% or decrease by 37.5% (i.e. u = 1.6 and d = 0.625). The current one-year interest rate in the U.S. is i$ = 4% and the current one-year interest rate in the euro zone is i€ = 4%.A.€1,525.52B. $3,328.40C. $4,992.60D.€2,218.94E. None of the above66. Consider a 1-year call option written on £10,000 with an exercise price of $2.00 = £1.00. The current exchange rate is $2.00 = £1.00; The U.S. risk-free rate is 5% over the period and the U.K. risk-free rate is also 5%. In the next year, the pound will either double in dollar terms or fall by half (i.e. u = 2 and d = ½). If you write 1 call option, what is the value today (in dollars) of the hedge portfolio?A. £6,666.67B. £6,349.21C. $12,698.41D. $20,000E. None of the above67. Value a 1-year call option written on £10,000 with an exercise price of $2.00 = £1.00. The spot exchange rate is $2.00 = £1.00; The U.S. risk-free rate is 5% and the U.K. risk-free rate is also 5%. In the next year, the pound will either double in dollar terms or fall by half (i.e. u = 2 and d = ½). Hint: H= ⅔.A. $6,349.21B.C.D. None of the aboveTopic: Binomial Option-Pricing Model68. Which of the following is correct?A. The value (in dollars) of a call option on £5,000 with a strike price of $10,000 is equal to the value (in dollars) of a put option on $10,000 with a strike price of £5,000 only when the spot exchange rate is $2 = £1.B. The value (in dollars) of a call option on £5,000 with a strike price of $10,000 is equal to the value (in dollars) of a put option on $10,000 with a strike price of £5,000.69. Find the input d1 of the Black-Scholes price of a six-month call option written on €100,000 with a strike price of $1.00 = €1.00. The current exchange rate is $1.25 = €1.00; The U.S. risk-free rate is 5% over the period and the euro-zone risk-free rate is 4%. The volatility of the underlying asset is 10.7 percent.A.d1 = 0.103915B.d1 = 2.9871C.d1 = -0.0283D. none of the above70. Find the input d1 of the Black-Scholes price of a six-month call option on Japanese yen. The strike price is $1 = ¥100. The volatility is 25 percent per annum; r$ = 5.5% and r¥ = 6%.A.d1 = 0.074246B.d1 = 0.005982C.d1 = $0.006137/¥D. None of the above71. The Black-Scholes option pricing formulaeA. are used widely in practice, especially by international banks in trading OTC options.B. are not widely used outside of the academic world.C. work well enough, but are not used in the real world because no one has the time to flog their calculator for five minutes on the trading floor.D. none of the above72. Find the Black-Scholes price of a six-month call option written on €100,000 with a strike price of $1.00 = €1.00. The current exchange rate is $1.25 = €1.00; The U.S. risk-free rate is 5% over the period and the euro-zone risk-free rate is 4%. The volatility of the underlying asset is10.7 percent.A.C e = $0.63577B.C e = $0.0998C.C e = $1.6331D. none of the aboveINSTRUCTOR NOTE: YOU WILL HAVE TO PROVIDE YOUR STUDENTS WITH A TABLE OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION.。
(2024年)期权系列之基础讲解ppt课件

法律法规与监管政策解读
2024/3/26
法律法规
《证券法》、《期货交易管理条例》 等法律法规为期权市场的规范发展提 供了法律依据。
监管政策
中国证监会及其派出机构依法对期权 市场实行监督管理,制定并发布了一 系列监管政策和自律规则,以保障市 场的公平、公正和透明。
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投资者适当性管理要求
投资者分类
2024/3/26
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常见策略类型及适用场景分析
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买入看涨期权
适用于预期标的资产价格上涨 的情况,以较低成本获取上涨
收益。
买入看跌期权
适用于预期标的资产价格下跌 的情况,通过支付权利金获得
下跌保护。
卖出看涨期权
适用于预期标的资产价格不会 上涨或小幅上涨的情况,获取
权利金收入。
卖出看跌期权
适用于预期标的资产价格不会 下跌或小幅下跌的情况,获取
权利金收入。
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策略构建思路和方法分享
确定投资目标和风险承受能力
选择合适的期权合约
明确投资期限、预期收益和风险水平等要 素。
根据投资目标和市场情况选择合适的期权 合约类型和执行价格。
构建策略组合
动态调整策略
通过买入或卖出不同到期日、执行价格和 类型的期权合约构建策略组合。
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未来发展趋势预测
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期权市场创新
随着金融市场的不断发展,未来期权市场将会出现更多的创新产品, 满足投资者多样化的需求。
技术进步推动期权交易发展
随着大数据、人工智能等技术的不断进步,未来期权交易将更加便捷 、高效。
期权在风险管理中的应用
2024年度期权基本知识ppt课件

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交易策略:买入、卖出、组合策略
买入策略
购买看涨或看跌期权,预 期标的资产价格将上涨或 下跌。
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卖出策略
出售看涨或看跌期权,收 取权利金,承担潜在行权 义务。
组合策略
通过买入和卖出不同期权 构建组合,实现多样化风 险收益特征,如跨式组合 、蝶式组合等。
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04
资产配置
将期权作为投资组合的一部分,以提高整体收益并降低风险。例如 ,利用期权构建高收益、低风险的投资组合。
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THANK YOU
感谢聆听
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期权与其他金融衍生品的区别
定制程度不同
互换合约通常是高度定制的,而期权 合约可以根据买卖双方的需求进行一 定程度的定制。
交易目的不同
互换合约主要用于管理特定风险或获 取特定收益,而期权合约可以用于投 机、套利等多种交易目的。
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02
期权合约要素
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标的资产
80%
优缺点
蒙特卡洛模拟方法适用于复杂期权和路径依赖型期权的定价,具有灵活性和通用性的优点。但是,该方 法计算量较大,需要生成大量随机数并进行统计分析,因此可能存在计算效率和精度方面的问题。
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05
期权市场参与者与交易规则
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市场参与者:投资者、做市商、交易所等
投资者
交易所
参与期权交易的买方或卖方,包括个 人投资者和机构投资者。
01
02
03
定义
期权买方为获得期权合约 所赋予的权利而向期权卖 方支付的费用。
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第七章 期权市场与期权定价

2
期权定价理论的突破性进展
• 随着布莱克和思科尔斯(B-S)的《期权定价与公司债务》(JPE, 1973)的发表,期权定 价这个神秘的问题在金融经济学研究史上有 了新的进展。
• 此期权定价模型的诞生是1973年金融界出现的两个重大 事件之一 [另一个是1973年4月,第一家现代期权交易市场, 即芝加哥期权交 易所(CBOE)正式开张营业,挂牌推出12种 期权交易]。从此,股票期 权交易进入官方金融产品交易项目。
flows result (S0 >X for a call, S0 <X for a put)- the option is an in-the-money (价内)option. • Negative moneyness: if an option is exercised, negative cash flows result (S0 <X call, S0 >X for put) – option is out-of-the-money(价外). • If S0 =X, option is at-the-money(价平).
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货币性(Moneyness)
• Moneyness of an option 是立即执行期权所实现的收入 ( 假定执行期权是可行的).
• Moneyness is S0 –X for a call, X- S0 for a put • Positive moneyness: if an option is exercised, positive cash
• 敲定(执行)价格:The price specified in the contract is the exercise price or strike price.
2024年期权培训课件

期权培训课件一、引言期权作为一种金融衍生品,其独特的交易特性和灵活的风险管理功能使其在全球金融市场中具有重要地位。
随着我国金融市场的不断发展,期权交易逐渐成为投资者关注的焦点。
为了帮助投资者更好地理解和掌握期权交易,我们特别推出本套期权培训课件,旨在通过系统的教学,使投资者对期权交易有一个全面、深入的了解。
二、期权基础知识1.期权定义及分类期权是一种金融合约,赋予期权买方在约定的时间、价格和数量内,选择是否购买或出售标的资产的权利。
根据买方权利的不同,期权可分为看涨期权和看跌期权。
看涨期权是指买方有权在约定时间以约定价格购买标的资产,看跌期权则是指买方有权在约定时间以约定价格出售标的资产。
2.期权合约要素3.期权交易机制期权交易机制主要包括场内交易和场外交易。
场内交易是指在交易所进行的标准化期权合约交易,具有流动性强、交易成本低等特点。
场外交易是指非标准化期权合约交易,交易双方可自行约定合约条款,具有较高的灵活性。
三、期权交易策略1.买入看涨期权买入看涨期权是指投资者预期标的资产价格上涨时,购买看涨期权以获取收益。
当标的资产价格高于行权价格时,投资者可执行期权,以低于市场价格购买标的资产,从而获利。
若标的资产价格低于行权价格,投资者可选择放弃执行期权,损失为期权费用。
2.卖出看涨期权卖出看涨期权是指投资者预期标的资产价格下跌或横盘时,出售看涨期权以获取收益。
当标的资产价格低于行权价格时,期权买方放弃执行期权,投资者获得期权费用作为收益。
若标的资产价格上涨,投资者需承担无限上涨的风险。
3.买入看跌期权买入看跌期权是指投资者预期标的资产价格下跌时,购买看跌期权以获取收益。
当标的资产价格低于行权价格时,投资者可执行期权,以高于市场价格出售标的资产,从而获利。
若标的资产价格上涨,投资者可选择放弃执行期权,损失为期权费用。
4.卖出看跌期权卖出看跌期权是指投资者预期标的资产价格上涨或横盘时,出售看跌期权以获取收益。
Lecture7 嵌期权债券

因此, 可赎回债券的价格=不可赎回债券的价格― 赎回期权的价格。 在任意给定的收益率水平下,不可赎回债 券与可赎回债券之间的价格差就是嵌入式 期权的价格。 同样, 可回售债券的价格=不可赎回债券的价格+ 回售期权的价格。
7.3 定价模型
当存在嵌入式期权时,需要计算该期权的价 格,而期权的价格与利率的波动性密切相关, 因而, 当存在嵌入式期权时,就必须考虑利率的 波动性。 常用的利率模型是根据短期利率如何随时 间变化而建立的无套利模型。
r1H : 从现在起 1年后较低的 1年期远期利率 ; r1L : 从现在起 1年后较高的 1年期远期利率 ; r1H r1L e 2
确定节点处债券的价值:
Value of Two-Period Option-Free Bond: C = 8 and F =100
Buu 108
Bu
.5[97.297 8].5[98.630 8] 110 . B0 96.330 B0
第一种债券相当于拥有一只20年期不可赎回债券, 且债券持有人给债券发行人一项赎回期权,使发行 人拥有5年后可以104元的价格赎回15年的现金流权 利。 第二种债券相当于拥有一支10年期不可赎回债券, 且债券持有人出售给债券发行人一项赎回期权,使 发行人拥有以100元的价格赎回合约中规定的现金流, 或债券被赎回时所有剩余现金流的权利。 因此,债券持有人购买可赎回债券相当于进行了两 笔独立的交易:以某个价格从债券发行人那里购买 了不可赎回债券,同时,又向债券发行人出售了一 项赎回期权。
Lecture 7 嵌期权债券
7.1 债券嵌期权概述
常见的债权嵌期权主要有: 赎回权、回售权、 转股权、提前偿付权、本息截留权、利率 上下限选择权等。 期权的嵌入可能影响债券现金流的大小、 方向及时间。利率上下限选择权则将影响 债券适用的利率。
期权理论课件

PPT学习交流
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风险中性原理总结
风险中性原理计算期权价值的基本步骤(假设股票不派 发红利):
1.确定可能的到期日股票价格 2.根据执行价格计算确定到期日期权价值 3.计算上行概率和下行概率
【方法一】期望报酬率=(上行概率×股价上升百分比) +(下行概率×-股价下降百分比)=无风险利率 【方法二】
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1.4期权价值
= + 期权价值
内在价值
时间溢价
期权价值:期权价值是指期权的现值,不同于期 权的到期日价值。 期权价值=内在价值+时间溢价
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内在价值
定义:期权的内在价值,是指期权立即执行产生 的经济价值。
内在价值的大小:取决于期权标的资产的现行市 价与期权执行价格的高低。
➢ 期权分看涨期权和看跌期权,每类期权又有买入和卖出种。
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小结
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• 某期权交易所2010年3月20日对ABC公司的期权报价如 下:
•
要求:针对以下互不相干的几问进行回答: (1)甲投资人购买了 10份ABC公司看涨期权,标的股票 的到期日市价为45元,其此时期权到期价值为多少?投 资净损益为多少?
PPT学习交流
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Cu=14.58 6.62
Cd=0
期权的价值
33.33-18.75=14.58 18.75-18.75=0 股票加借款组合的价值
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(二)套期保值原理
• 如何确定复制组合的股票数量和借款的数量? • 你可能会产生一个疑问如何确定 借款数量,使
投资组合的到期日价值与期权相同。 • • 这个比率称为套期保值比率(或称套头比率、对
金融工程学 (第七章)

P max X S, 0
3、提前执行有收益资产美式看涨期权的合理性
我们假设在期权到期前,标的资产有n个除权日, t1,t2……,tn为除权前的瞬时时刻,在这些时刻 之后的收益分别为D1,D2,……,Dn,在这些时刻 的标的资产价格分别为S1,S2,……,Sn。 在有收益情况下,只有在除权前的瞬时时刻提前 执行美式看涨期权方有可能是最优的。因此我们 只需推导在每个除权日前提前执行的可能性。
第七章 期权
一、期权的定义与种类
1、期权的概念 所谓期权(Option),是指赋予其购买者在规定期限 内按双方约定的价格(简称执行价格,Exercise Price或Striking Price)购买或出售一定数量某种 资产(称为标的资产,Underlying Assets)的权利 的合约。根据期权购买者的权利不同、执行时限不同 和标的资产不同,期权又有多种不同的分类。
四、期权价格的上下限
1、不付红利的欧式看涨期权价格的下限 考虑两个组合 组合A:一份欧式看涨期权与Xe –r(T-t)的现金。 组合B:一单位标的资产。 在时刻T,组合A的价值为:max(ST,X),组合B的 价值为:ST。在不存在套利机会的情况下,有 c +Xe –r(T-t) ≥S,即 c≥S –Xe –r(T-t)。由于c≥0,
而组合
B
的价值为
S
。由于 T
,r
,故 0
XerT
X。
也就是说,若提前执行美式期权的话,组合 A 的
价值将小于组合B。
结论:提前执行是不理智的。无收益资产美式看
2024版《期权基本知识》PPT课件

01期权定义02期权分类期权是一种合约,赋予持有人在某一特定日期或该日之前的任何时间以固定价格购进或售出一种资产的权利。
根据标的物不同可分为股票期权、股指期权、商品期权等;根据行权方式不同可分为欧式期权和美式期权;根据权利性质不同可分为看涨期权和看跌期权。
期权定义及分类行权价格与到期日行权价格又称执行价格,是期权合约规定的、买方行使权利时购买或出售标的资产的价格。
到期日期权合约规定的、期权买方可行使权利的最后日期。
欧式期权只能在到期日行权,美式期权可以在到期日及之前任意时间行权。
权利金构成及影响因素权利金构成期权的权利金由内在价值和时间价值两部分组成。
内在价值是指期权的行权价格与标的资产市场价格之间的差额,时间价值是指期权价格中超出内在价值的部分。
影响因素影响期权权利金的因素包括标的资产价格、行权价格、剩余到期时间、波动率、无风险利率等。
买卖双方权利义务关系买方权利与义务买方有权在合约规定的时间内以约定的行权价格购买或出售标的资产,并支付相应的权利金。
买方在行权前无需承担任何义务。
卖方权利与义务卖方在收取权利金后,有义务在合约规定的时间内以约定的行权价格向买方出售或购买标的资产。
卖方在行权前需承担潜在的无限风险。
01全球期权市场规模根据国际清算银行(BIS)数据,全球期权市场规模持续增长,交易量巨大。
02主要期权交易所包括芝加哥期权交易所(CBOE)、欧洲期货交易所(Eurex)等,提供丰富的期权合约交易。
03期权品种创新随着市场需求变化,新型期权品种不断涌现,如二元期权、障碍期权等。
全球期权市场现状03中国期权市场起步较晚,但发展迅速。
2015年,上证50ETF 期权合约上市交易,标志着中国期权市场正式开启。
起步阶段随后几年,中国期权市场不断推出新品种,包括豆粕、白糖等商品期权以及沪深300、中证500等股指期权。
品种丰富为规范市场秩序,中国证监会等监管部门不断完善相关法规,保障期权市场健康发展。
课程资料:第七章、期货期权

对于卖出保值的企业或经营者,可以购买看跌期权。若 期价涨大于敲定价格可以放弃;若期价跌小于敲定价格,可 以实施。风险损失已知可控,不必象卖出保值那样必须交 保证金及追加保证金。
3、期权投机(先买后卖)
其一所需投机资本更少,权利金较少
其二损失可限制在一定范围内
思考题
• 1、期货期权的定义 • 2、期货期权有哪些类型? • 3、期货期权交易与期货交易有何异同? • 4、期货期权价格的内涵值 • 5、期货期权履约平仓与所持期货合约的关
期权买方承担 期权卖方承担
看涨期权 多头期货合约 空头期货合约
看跌期权 空头期货合约 多头期货合约
四、期权交易应用
1、购买看涨期权保值
对于买入保值的企业或经营者, 可以购买看涨期权。 若期价涨大于敲定价格可以说执行(实施);若期价跌小于 敲定价格,可以放弃。风险损失已知可控,不必象买入保 值那样必须交保证金及追加保证金。
虚值 期权执行价格> 期货价格 期权执行价格<期货价格 期权
两平 期权执行价格=期货价格 期权执行价格=期货价格 期权
• (二)、时间价值 • 期权的买方认为在一定时间后相关期货
价格的变动有可能使期权增值而愿意购 买这一期权所付出的权利金金额。
• 时间价值不易直接计算。 • 二、期权价格的影响因素 • 1、期权合约的有效期 • 2、相关期货合约价格的波动 • 3、执行价格的高低
• 三、期权交易与期货交易 • (一)、相同之处: • 1、都是在期货交易所内进行交易 • 2、两者交易均采用标准化合约方式 • 3、由统一的结算结构负责会员结算 • 4、都具有杠杆作用 • (二)、区别 • 1、合约标的物不同 • 2、交易双方权利义务不同 • 3、履约保证金收取不同 • 4、市场风险不同
7讲+期权知识

二、期权旳交易
例如,某股票期权属于2月循环圈,则在四月初交易旳该股票期权旳到期日有4月、5月、8月、11月旳第三个星期五;而在四月底交易旳该股票期权旳到期日就会有5月、6月、8月、11月旳第三个星期五。 (四)头寸限量和执行限量 头寸限量要求旳是投资者可持有旳一种方向旳最大头寸。 执行限量要求旳是任何交易人在连续五个交易日内可执行旳最大协议数量。一般来讲,执行(头寸)限量为3000—10000个期权协议。
第七讲 期权知识
二、期权旳交易
三、期权旳损益
(一)看涨期权旳损益 看涨期权是股价上涨后期权买方有权以敲定价格买入股票旳期权。 看涨期权又分买进看涨期权和卖出看涨期权。 例1 5月12日,某股票旳价格为57美元。投资者A买进一份该股票旳欧式看涨期权,7月22日到期,执行价格为60美元,期权费为每股4美元。 首先,A旳初始投资为每股4美元。 其次,若7月22日该股票旳价格低于60美元,则A放弃执行其看涨期权,由此A每股损失4美元。
第七讲 期权知识
四、期权旳投资
分析 A取得期权费400美元。假如在7月22日该股票价格超出70美元,且期权购置者要执行看涨期权,则A有义务以60美元旳价格卖出100股该种股票,A获利(60-57)×100=300美元。A一共获利700美元。 反之,若在7月22日该股票旳价格低于60美元,则期权购置者放弃执行其看涨期权,则A取得期权费400美元。A旳总收益是A在股市上旳盈亏加期权费旳和。 这种组合头寸是对后市看淡时建立旳合成头寸。
第七讲 期权知识
三、期权旳损益
首先,A旳初始获利为多少美元?
股价涨或跌到多少时A会亏损?不亏不赢?获利?
假如7月22日股价为64美元,则B不盈不亏。 卖出看涨期权旳交易动机是看淡股市!
期权基础知识介绍PPT学习教案

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➢ 期权价格一般性分析-到
到期日剩期余时日间剩与期余权时价格间关系
期权
到期日剩余时间
期权价格
看涨期权
越长 越短
越高 越低
看跌期权
越长 越短
越高 越低
❖ 期权合约的有效期是指距离期权合约到期日剩余时间的长短。
❖ 在其它因素不变的情况下,期权有效期越长,其时间价值也就越大,期权价格 就越高;反之,时间价值就越小,期权价格就越低。期权的时间价值与期权合 约的有效期成正比,并随着期权到期日的日益临近而加速衰减,而在到期日, 时间价值为零。
看跌期权的价格曲线图
❖ 看涨期权的价格大于其内涵价值C=Max[0,(S-X)]。接近到期日,期权逐渐失去其 时间价值,期权价格曲线逐渐趋向于其内涵价值。在期权到期时,期权价格曲线与 其内涵价值曲线重合。
❖ 看跌期权在到期日的价值为: P=Max[0,(X-S)]。当接近到期日时,看跌期权价格 趋向于其内涵价值,到期时看跌期权价格就等于其内涵价值。
❖ 买期保值的基本做法是买进看涨期权和卖出看跌期权。买进看 涨期权可以确立一个最高买价;卖出看跌期权,可以得到权利 金盈利。
❖ 期权买期保值策略主要有:买入看涨期权、卖出看跌期权,以 及买进期货合约、同时买入相关期货看跌期权的组合策略。
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➢ 期权的套期保值分析
-期权卖期保值策略
❖ 生产制造商、仓储商、加工商、贸易商、终端用户等生产经营 者,为了使自己所拥有的已购进的材料现货或期货免受价格下 跌造成贬值的风险,除利用期货合约套期保值外,还可以运用 风险更小、操作更灵活的期权交易进行保值。
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➢ 期权价格一般性分析
-无风险利率
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期权合约的定义
期权(Option)是指赋予其购买者在规定期限内按 双方约定的价格即协议价格( Striking Price)或 执行价格(Exercise Price),购买或出售一定数 量某种标的资产的权利的合约。
对于期权的买者来说,期权合约赋予他的只有权利, 而没有任何义务。
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目录
期权的定义与种类 期权市场 期权交易机制 期权与其他衍生产品的区别与联系
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期权与期货的区别与联系
权利和义务 标准化 盈亏风险 保证金 买卖匹配 套期保值
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期权交易与期货交易的区别
权利和义务。期货合约的双方都被赋予相应的权 利和义务,而期权合约只赋予买方权利,卖方则 无任何权利。
同一标的资产还可以规定不同的协议价格而使 期权有更多的品种,同时还分为看涨期权和看 跌期权,因此期权品种远比期货品种多得多。
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全球OTC主要期权品种概况
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美国三类期权交易所
专门的期权交易所 芝加哥期权交易所( CBOE ) 国际证券交易所( ISE )(被Eurex收购)
因此,卖出这一看涨期权的投资者,除了要将期 权费收入 100 美元冻结在帐户内之外,还向经纪 公司缴纳50 美元的初始保证金。
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2019年4月4日 CBOE S&P500指数看跌期权价格 (现货指数收盘价1398.96)
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2019年4月4日 CBOE S&P500指数看涨期权价格 (现货指数收盘价1398.96)
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例 股票看涨期权空方的初始保证金
设某个股票看涨期权的相关参数是:股票市价 15 美元,执行价格 20 美元,期权费为 1 美元,则 按照 A 、B 公式计算出来的结果分别为:
A : 11 52% 02 015 10 010 美 0 元 B : 11 5 1% 0102 05 美 0 元
《Financial Engineering》
Lecture 7 期权
期权的产生与发展
较早的期权交易主要是用于实物商品等的现 货期权;20世纪20年代,美国出现了股票 的期权交易;1936年,美国商品交易法案 禁止对各种具体商品进行期权交易;1973 年以后,期权市场快速发展,成立了第一个 期权交易市场——芝加哥期权交易所 (CBOE);目前期权作为世界衍生产品市场 的重要组成部分,已成为回避风险的重要手 段。
OCC 是每个期权买方的卖方和每个期权卖方的买 方,承担信用风险; OCC 拥有期权净头寸为零, 因而不存在价格风险。
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期权执行的实施
当期权买方想要执行某份期权时,投资者需要首 先通知他(她)的经纪人,经纪人接着通知负责 结清其交易的 OCC 清算会员。在该会员向 OCC 发出执行指令后, OCC 即随机选择某个持有相 同期权空头的会员,该会员再按照事先订立的程 序,选择某个特定的出售该期权的投资者(又称 为被指定者, the Assigned )。
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股票期权与权证的区别与联系
股票期权/股本权证 有无发行环节 数量是否有限 是否影响总股本
股票期权/备兑期权 有无发行环节 数量是否有限
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内嵌期权
普通金融产品中加上期权条款 例子:可转债/可赎回债/可回售债
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期权的交易场所
期权交易场所既有正规的交易所,也有场外交 易市场。交易所交易的是标准化的期权合约, 场外交易的则是非标准化的期权合约。
对于场内交易的期权来说,其合约有效期一般 不超过9个月,以3个月和6个月最为常见。由 于有效期不同,同一种标的资产可以有好几个 期权品种。
权证分类 认购权证/认沽权证 股本权证/备兑权证(衍生权证)
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股本权证:上市公司自己发行 期限通常较长 持有者执行权证时,会导致股本变动
备兑权证:独立的第三方发行
还可能以股指、一揽子股票或其他资产作为标 的
差别 发行目的不同 发行人不同 是否影响总股本 目前多为备兑权证
一些国家政府通常将本国海上油田的开采权租给 石油公司,期限一般为十到十五年,获得开采权 的石油公司可以在此中的任意时间开始开采石油。 那么,租金应如何确定呢?石油公司又应如何确 定这个项目是否值得投资呢?
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标准化合约
(三)到期循环、到期月、到期日、最后交易日 和执行日
(四)红利和股票分割
早期的场外期权受红利保护:除权日后执行价格要相 应调整;但现在的交易所期权不受红利保护,但在股 票分割或送红股时要调整
在 n 对 m (即 m 股股票分割为 n 股)股票分割之 后,执行价格降为原来执行价格的 m/n ,每一期权 合约所包含的标的资产数量上升到原来的 n/m 倍。
n% 的股票红利等同于 100 + n 对 100 的分割。
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标准化
(六)交割规定
期权交割的比例要比期货高得多 现货期权的交割:直接以执行价格对标的资产进行实际
的交收 指数期权的交割:按照执行价格与期权执行日当天交易
结束时的市场价格之差以现金进行结算 期货期权的交割:买方执行期权时,将从期权卖方处获
权 62 500 欧元
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标准化合约
(二)执行价格
执行价格由交易所事先确定 当交易所准备上市某种期权合约时,首先根据该合约标
的资产的最近收盘价,依据某一特定的形式来确定一个 中心执行价格,然后再根据特定的幅度设定该中心价格 的上下各若干级距( Intervals )的执行价格。 因此, 在期权合约规格中,交易所通常只规定执行价格的级距。
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期权的分类
按期权买者的权利划分,期权可分为看涨期权 (Call Option)和看跌期权(Put Option)。
按期权买者执行期权的时限划分,期权可分为欧式 期权和美式期权。欧式期权只能在期权到期日才能 执行期权,而美式期权允许多头在期权到期日前的 任何时间行权。
按照期权合约的标的资产划分,期权合约可分为利 率期权、货币期权(或称外汇期权)、股价指数期 权、股票期权以及金融期货期权,而金融期货又可 分为利率期货、外汇期货和股价指数期货三种。
计算标准:合约数量/合约总金额 有些交易所规定期货期权中期权头寸与相应的期
货头寸合并计算
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买卖指令
买入建仓:买入期权建立新头寸 卖出建仓:卖出期权建立新头寸 买入平仓:买入期权对冲原有的空头头寸 卖出平仓:卖出期权对冲原有的多头头寸 买卖对未平仓合约的影响
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内嵌期权案例:可赎回债券(02国开06)
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实物期权
以实物资产为标的物的未来选择权 实物期权方法最主要的运用领域就是实物资产投
资决策的分析。 只要是一项未来以一定价格出售或购入某种资产
的选择权,都可运用实物期权的思想加以分析。
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实物期权案例:油气开采权
股票期权保证金
100% 保证金要求: Covered Options 非 100% 保证金
初始保证金:以下两种计算结果中较大者
出售期权的期权费收入加上期权标的资产价 值的 20%减去期权处于虚值状态的数额 (如果有这一项的话)
出售期权的期权费收入加上标的资产价值的
10% 维持保证金 复杂期权头寸的保证金
得标的期货合约的相应头寸,再加上执行价格与期货价 格之间的差额。
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CBOE部分期权合约基本规格一览
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基本交易制度
头寸限额(Position Limit):每个投资者在市 场的一方所能持有的头寸总额 看涨多头/看跌空头 看涨空头/看跌多头
执行限额( Exercise Limit ):一个期权买方 在规定的一段时间内所能执行的期权合约的最大 限额
传统股票交易所提供期权交易 美国费城股票交易所( PHLX )(被 NASDAQ收购) 美国股票交易所( AMEX )(被纽约-泛欧 交易所收购)
期货交易所 CME 、ICE等。
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美国主要期权交易品种
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2019年美国期权市场份额
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期权交易与期货交易的区别
权利与义务 标准化 盈亏风险 保证金 买卖匹配
套期保值
期权
权利和义务不对称
期货
权利和义务对称
标准与非标准化合约 标准化合约
双方的盈亏风险可能 双方所承担的盈亏风 无限,也可能有限 险是无限的
买者无需交纳保证金
交易双方都须交纳保 证金
期权到期时不一定要 执行,也不一定要进 行标的资产的交割
标准化。期货合约都是标准化的,而期权合约则 不一定。
盈亏风险。期货交易双方所承担的盈亏风险都是 无限的。而期权交易卖方的亏损风险可能是无限 的(看涨期权),也可能是有限的(看跌期权), 盈利风险是有限的(以期权费为限);期权交易 买方的亏损风险是有限的(以期权费为限),盈
201利9/9/风19 险可能是无限的(看涨期权),也可能是有27
保证金。期货交易的买卖双方都须交纳保证金。 期权的买者则无须交纳保证金。