A time-domain estimation method of rapidly time-varying channels for OFDM-based LTE-R systems

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心理学专业词汇英语翻译R

R 反应R class 反应类R correlation R相关R factor 推理因素R method R法R variable 反应变量rabbit 兔子rabies 狂犬病race 种族race attitude 种族态度race difference 种族差异race discrimination 种族歧视race diversity 种族差异性race prejudice 种族偏见race psychology 种族心理学race relation 种族关系racial difference 种族差别racial discrimination 种族歧视racial diversity 种族差异性racial identity 种族认同racial inheritance 种族遗传racial memory 种族记忆racial mixture 种族混合racial prejudice 种族偏见racial unconscious 种族潜意识racialism 种族主义racialist 种族主义者racism 种族歧视radar 雷达radial 半径radial method of rotation 半径轴转法radiance 光亮度radiant emittance 辐射发散度radiant flux 辐射束radiant heat method 热传导法radiant intensity 辐射强度radiant reflectance 辐射反射率radiantive heat transfer coefficient 辐射热传递系数radiate 辐射radiation 放射radiation genetics 放射遗传学radiation therapy 放射疗法radiation induced aberration 辐射诱导畸变radical behaviorism 激进行为主义radical idea 激进思想radical therapy 彻底治疗法radicalism 激进主义radio advertising 广播广告radioaction 放射性反应radioactive substance 放射物质radiobiology 放射生物学radiocardiogram 放射心电图radiocardiography 放射心电描记法radioelectrocardiogram 放射心电图radioelectrocardiograph 放射心电描记法放射心电描记法radioelectronics 无线电电子学radioelement 放射性元素radioencephalogram 放射脑电图radioencephalography 放射脑电描记法放射脑电描记法radiogenetics 辐射遗传学radioisotope 放射性同位素radiology 放射学radiolucent 射线可透过的radioman 无线电技师radiometer 辐射仪radiophobia 射线恐怖症radiophysics 放射物理学radiophysiology 放射生理学radioreaction 放射反应radioreceptor 放射性受体radiosensitive 对辐射敏感的radiosensitivity 辐射敏感性radiostimulation 辐射刺激作用radiosusceptibility 辐射易感性radiotherapeutics 放射疗法radiotherapy 放射疗法radiothermy 热放射疗法radium 镭radium therapy 放射疗法radius 半径rage 愤怒Ragoni Scina contrast 拉高尼西纳方形对比railroad nystagmus 铁道性眼振railroadphobia 恐火车症railway illusion 铁路错觉Raleigh equation 拉雷方程Raman shift 瑞曼移动rament 气质激素说rami cardiaci 迷走神经心支rami gastrici 迷走神经胃支ramification 分枝random 随机random access 随机存取random answer 随机回答random assignment 随机分派random assortment 随机分类random behavior 随机行为random case 随机情况random cause 随机原因random character 随机特征random choice 随机选择random difference 随机差random digit dialing 随机数字拨号random distribution 随机分布random disturbance 随机扰动random dot stereogram 随机点实体图random effect 随机效果random effect model 随机效果模式random enquire 随机询问random error 随机误差random event 随机事件random experiment 随机试验random factor 随机因素random fluctuation 随机变动random genetic drift 随机遗传漂变random group 随机组random group design 随机组设计random learning 随机学习random manner 随机状态random method 随机方法random model 随机模式random movement 随意动作random noise 不规则噪声random number 随机数random numbers 乱数表random numbers table 随机号码表random observation 随机观察random observational error 随机观测误差random occurrence 随机出现random order 随机顺序random pairs method 随机选对法random phenomenon 随机现象random reinforcement 随机强化random sample 随机样本random sampling 随机抽样random sampling error 随机抽样误差random sampling method 随机抽样法random searching 随机调查random selection 随机选择random shape 无意义图形random variable 随机变量random wave 无规波randomization 随机化randomization test 随机化检定randomized block 随机区组randomized block design 随机区组设计随机分组设计randomized experiment 随机化实验randomized groups design 随机组设计randomized response 随机反应randomness 随机性random access memory 随机存取random group design 随机分组设计random halves reliability 随机半分卷信度random tracking 随机跟踪range 全距range effect 值域效应range of activity 活动范围range of attention 注意广度range of audibility 听觉范围range of body movement 身体运动范围身体运动范围range of choice 选择范围range of discrimination 辩别域range of error 误差范围range of indeterminacy 不确定性范围range of observation 观察范围range of reaction 反应幅度rank 等级rank correlation 等级相关rank difference correlation 级差相关rank image 等级象rank image principle 等级象原理rank order 等级次序rank order correlation 等级次序相关rank order method 等序法rank test 等级检验ranked distribution 等级分布Rankian therapy 郎氏治疗法ranking 等级评定ranking evaluation 排列评估ranking method 等级法rank sum test 等级总和检定Ranschburg inhibition 郎斯伯格抑制Ranvier s constriction 郎飞氏节Ranvier s node 郎飞氏节rap 扣击rap group 研究小组raphe 中缝raphe nucleus 中缝核raphe system 中缝系统rapid change 速度改变rapid eye movement 快速眼动眼速动rapid eye movement sleep 快速眼动睡眠rapid reading 快速阅读rapid change theory 急剧变迁论rapid smoking treatment 猛吸戒烟法猛吸戒烟法rapport 感情融通rapport stage 融洽阶段rapprochement 和睦rapture 着迷rapturous 狂喜raptus melancholicus 忧郁发作RAS 网状觉醒系统RAS 网状激活系统Rasch model 罗殊模型rat 大白鼠rate 率rate of audience 收听率rate of forgetting 遗忘率rate of growth 生长率rate of identity 知名率rate of increase 增长率rate of information transmission 信息传递率rate of population increase 人口增长率人口增长率rate of response 反应率rate of unemployment 失业率rate score 率数值rate test 速度测验ratee 受评者rater 估价人rater error 评审员误差rate limiting reaction 限度反应rating 评定rating error 评定误差rating method 评定法rating scale 评定量表rating scale method 等级量表法rating dating complex 追求富有对偶情结ratio 比率ratio aggregates 综合比率ratio analysis 比率分析ratio error 比率误差ratio estimation method 比值估计法ratio intelligence quotient 比率智商ratio IQ 比率智商ratio measure 比率测量ratio of interest for home group 内群亲近率ratio of interest for outside groups 外群亲近率ratio reinforcement 比率强化ratio reinforcement schedule 比率强化方式ratio scale 比率量表ratio variable 比率变量ration of interest for home group 内群亲近率rational 有理的rational analysis 理性分析rational approach 推理研究法rational authority 理性权威rational behavior 理性行为rational behavior therapy 合理行为治疗rational characteristics of character 性格的理智特征rational choice 理性选择rational construction 合理建构法rational education 理性教育rational emotive therapy 理情治疗法rational emotive therapy groups 理情治疗团体rational feeling 理智感rational knowledge 理性认识rational learning 理解学习rational number 有理数rational psychology 理性心理学rational psychotherapy 理性心理治疗法理性心理治疗法rational science 理性科学rational social management 合理的社会管理rational task analysis 理性作业分析rational type 理性型rational validity 合理效度rational will 唯理意志rationale 理论根据rationalism 理性主义rationalistic method 推理法rationalists 唯理主义者rationality 理性rationalization 合理化rationalization 文饰作用rationalization of crime 犯罪合理化rationalization of management 管理合理化rationalization of operation 操作合理化操作合理化rational behavior therapy理性行为治疗rational construct 合理建构法rational ec onomic man 理性经济人rational emotive therapy理性情绪治疗rational recall theory of learning 学习的理论回忆说rational theoretical model 推理理论模式推理理论模式Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices Test 瑞文高级推理测验Raven Colored Progressive Matrices Test 瑞文彩色推理测验Raven Progressive Matrices 瑞文推理测验Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test 瑞文标准推理测验ravenous 贪食的raving 疯话raw data 原始资料raw deal 不公平待遇raw feel 直感raw observation 原始观察raw score 原始分数raw score method 原始分数法RBT (rational behavior therapy 理性行为治疗RCBF 区域性脑血流RCMR 区域性脑代谢率RCS 相对对比敏感度RDA阅读年龄RdQ 阅读商数reach area 可达范围reach distance 可达距离reach envelope 可达包络线reach one s heart 自我反省reactance 对抗reactance theory 抗拒论reactant 反应物reacting substance 反应物质reaction 反应reaction center 反应中心reaction chain 反应链reaction formation 反向形成reaction hypothesis 反应假说reaction inhibition 反应抑制作用reaction key 反应键reaction latency 反应潜伏期reaction level 反应水平reaction method 反应法reaction norm 反应规范reaction of degeneration 变性反应reaction of flight 飞行反应reaction of flight 逃跑反应reaction pattern 反应模式reaction period 反应期reaction potency 反应潜能reaction potential 反应电位reaction psychology 反应心理学reaction range 反应范围reaction rate 反应速率reaction structure 反应结构reaction system 反应体系reaction threshold 反应阈reaction time 反应时间reaction time delay 反应时间延迟reaction time in old age 老年期的反应时间reaction time method 反应时法reaction time of action 动作反应时reaction to court decision 判决反应reaction to detention 拘禁反应reaction type 反应类型reaction velocity 反应速度reactional psychosis 反应性精神病reactionary 反动的reactionism 反动主义reactionist 反动分子reactivate 恢复活动reactive aggression 反应性攻击reactive behavior 反应性行为reactive depression 反应性抑郁症reactive disorder 反应性疾病reactive inhibition 反应性抑制反应性抑制reactive inhibition theory 反应性抑制说反应性抑制说reactive maladjusted disturbance 反应性适应障碍reactive need 反应性需求reactive psychosis 反应性精神病reactive schizophrenia 反应性精神分裂症reactive state 反应状态reactivity 反应性reactology 反应学reactor 反应者read aloud 朗读read back 复述read in 读入read only memory 只读存储器read out 读出readability 易读性readability of letter and numeral 字母数字易读性reader 读者readership 读者身份readership score 注目率readership survey 阅读率调查readiness 预备状态readiness for contest 争夺准备状态readiness grouping 预备性分组readiness program 准备程序readiness test 准备测验readiness to learn 学习准备reading 阅读reading ability 阅读能力reading achievement 阅读成就reading age 阅读年龄reading aloud 朗读reading comprehension 阅读理解reading disability 阅读无能reading disorder 阅读障碍reading efficiency 阅读效率reading grade 读书年级reading instruction 阅读教学reading interest 阅读兴趣reading ladder 阅读步骤reading level 阅读水平reading material 阅读材料reading measure 阅读测量reading mistake 阅读错误reading model 阅读模式Reading Psychology 阅读心理学reading quotient 阅读商数reading rate 阅读速度reading readiness 阅读准备reading skill 阅读技能reading span 阅读广度reading speed 阅读速度reading test 阅读测验Readings 读物reading disabled child 阅读障碍儿童阅读障碍儿童Reading Free V ocational Interest Inventory 非阅读性职业兴趣测验readout 读出readout 示值读数ready signal 准备信号reafference 再内导reafference 自传入感觉reafferent change 自传入感觉变化real anxiety 事实性焦虑real appearance 真象real behavior 真实行为real causes 真实原因real concept 真实的概念real goal 真实目标real judgment 真实判断real motion perception 真实运动知觉real movement 真动real movement perception 真动知觉real self 真实自我realism 现实主义realistic anxiety 现实性焦虑realistic consumers 现实主义消费者realistic thinking 现实性思维realistic writing and painting 写实reality 现实reality adaptation 现实适应reality anxiety 现实焦虑reality awareness 现实意识reality condition 现实性条件reality ego 现实我reality orientation 现实取向reality principle 现实原则reality sense 现实感reality testing 现实验证reality therapy 现实疗法reality therapy groups 现实治疗团体reality irreality 现实非现实reality principle 唯实原则reality testing 自我的现实判断realizability 可实现性realization 现实化really exist 确实存在realm 领域realm of spirit 精神领域realness 真实性reappraisal 重新评价rear 抚养rear view 后视rearing 抚养rearrange 重新安排rearrangement 重新组织rearrangement form test 重组式测验rearrangement test 重组测验reason 理由reasonable cognition 理性认识reasonable stage 理性阶段reasonableness 理性reasoned thinking 推理思维reasoning 推理reasoning test 推理测验rebellion 反抗行为rebelliousness 判逆性rebirth fantasy 再生幻想rebound 回跳rebound effect 回跳效应rebound phenomenon 复发现象rebus 画迷rebus writing 谜画写字recall 回忆recall bias 回忆偏误recall method 回忆法recall period 回忆期recall test 回忆测验recall type 回忆类型recall value 回忆价recapitulation 复述recapitulation theory 复演说recapitulation theory of play 游戏的复演说receive 接受receiver 接受者receiver operating characteristic curve 接受者操作特征曲线receiver operating curve 接受者操作曲线recency 近因recency effect 近因效应recent amnesia 近事遗忘recent period 近期recentering 再定中心reception learning 接受式学习reception of experience 经验的接受reception strategy 接受策略reception test 验收检查receptive 感受的receptive aphasia 感受型失语症receptive cell 感受细胞receptive character 接纳性格receptive dysphasia 接受型语言障碍receptive field 感受域receptive language 接受语言receptive neuron 感受神经元receptive orientation 依赖取向receptive style 被动接受型receptive field orientation 感受野定向receptivity 感受性receptor 感受器receptor 受体receptor cell 感受细胞receptor fibre 感受神经纤维receptor inhibitor 受体抑制物receptor potential 受纳器电位receptor site 受点recessive 隐性recessive character 隐性特征recessive gene 隐性基因recessive inheritance 隐性遗传recessive trait 隐性特质RECG 放射心电图recidivism 屡犯recidivism rate 屡犯率recidivist 惯犯recipient 受者recipiomotor 运动感受的reciprocal 相互reciprocal action 交互作用reciprocal adaptation 相互适应reciprocal altruism 互利主义reciprocal assimilation 交互同化reciprocal compatibility 互利相容性reciprocal determinism 交叉决定论reciprocal emotion 互导情绪reciprocal induction 相互诱导reciprocal influence 交互影响reciprocal inhibition 交互抑制reciprocal inhibition therapy 交互抑制疗法reciprocal inter dependence 互惠式相互依赖关系reciprocal maximization 交互增大reciprocal nervous innervation 交互神经支配reciprocal role 相对角色reciprocal socialization 交互社会化reciprocal synapse 相反性突触reciprocal transformation 相互转化reciprocate 交互reciprocity 互易性reciprocity law 倒易定律reciprocity norm 回报常模reciprocity principle 互利原则recitation 背诵recitation method 背诵法reckets 佝偻病reclusion 隐退recoding 再编码recognition 再认recognition marks 识别标志recognition memory 再认记忆recognition method 再认法recognition sequence 识别顺序recognition span 再认广度recognition test 辨识测验recognition threshold 再认阈限recognition time 识别时间recognition type 再认类型recognition vocabulary 再认字汇recognitory assimilation 辨认同化recognizability 可识别性recognize 承认recollect 回忆recollection 回想recombination 重组recomposition 重新构成reconcy effect 新近效应recondition 重建条件reconditioning 重建条件反射reconnaissance at criminal scene 现场勘查reconsider 重新考虑reconstruct 重建reconstruction 重组reconstruction experiment 重组实验reconstruction in recall 回忆中的重建reconstruction method 重建法reconstruction of memory 记忆重建reconstruction of value 价值再构reconstructive memory 改造性记忆reconstructive psychotherapy 重建心理治疗法record 记录record description 记录描述record format 记录格式record group 记录组recorder 录音机recording 记录recording electrode 引导电极recording error 记录误差recording film 录音胶卷recording medium 记录存储器recording system 记录系统record keeping personnel 记录人员recovery 恢复recovery of humanity 人间性回复recovery quotient 复原商数recovery time 复原时间recreation 娱乐说recreation and relaxation theory of play 游戏娱乐和放松说recreation theory of play 游戏娱乐说recreational therapy 休闲治疗法recruitment 募集rectal temperature 直肠温度rectangular 矩形的rectangular distribution 矩形分配rectangular histogram 直方图rectification 调整rectilinear 直线的rectilinear correlation 直线相关rectilinear figure 直线图形rectilinear regression 直线回归rectilinear trend 直线趋势rectilinearity 直线性rection 直配recurrence 重现recurrent 屡发的recurrent inhibition 屡发抑制recurrent inhibition 再发性抑制recurrent psychosis 重发性精神病recurrent sensibility 回反敏感性recurring events 复现事件recursive grammar 递归语法recursive rule 衍生法则red 红red and black number table 红黑数字表红黑数字表red blindness 红色盲red nucleus 红核red out 红视red weakness 红色弱redefinition 再限定redefinition of group boundary 组界再限定redifferentiation 再分化redintegration 重整redintegrative memory 重整记忆redirection activity 变更活动redout 红视reduced 缩减的reduced condition 简化条件reduced cue 简化线索reduced form 简化形式reduced inspection 简化检验reduced law 简化律reduced parameter 简化参数reduced reflex time 简化反射时reduced sample 简化样本reduced sampling inspection 简化抽样检查reduced score 简约分数reducibility 可约性reducible data 简化数据reducible margin 可减少的限度reductase 还原酶reduction 还原reduction 减少reduction division 还原分裂reduction of stimulus condition 刺激条件的减缩reduction screen 减光屏reductionism 化约主义reductionism 还原论reductionist 还原论者reductive explanation 还原解释reductive interpretation 还原解说redundancy 多余性redundancy function 冗余位redundancy in language 语言的多余性语言的多性redundant cue 冗余线索redundant instance冗余例证冗例证redundant of information 信息余度reduplication 重迭red green blindness 红绿色盲red sighted 红色敏感者reeducation psychology 改造心理学reeducation through labor 劳动教养reefer 大麻烟卷reengineering 再造工程refer 涉及reference 参考reference axis 参照轴reference frame 参照系reference group 参照组reference group theory 参照群体理论reference instrument 标准仪器reference language 参考语言reference marks 参考符号reference measure 参照测量reference measurement method 参照测量法reference memory 参考记忆reference number 参考数字reference personality 参照人格reference plane 参考平面reference point 参照点reference standard 参考标准reference stimulus 参考刺激reference system 参考系统reference theory meaning 意义参照论reference units 参照单位reference value 参照值reference work 考证工作reference group theory 参照群体论referent 所指对象referent power 参照权力referral 转介referred pain 牵涉性疼痛referred sensation 移位感觉REFG 无线电脑电描记器refixation 再固着reflectance 反射reflected appraisal 反映评价reflected glare 反射眩光reflecting stereoscope 反射实体镜reflection 反映reflection coefficient 反射系数reflection of feeling 情感反映reflectionism 反映论reflective action 反省的作用reflective morality 反省道德reflective style 沉思型reflective teaching 反映性教学reflective think 反省思维reflectivity 反射性reflex 反射reflex action 反射动作reflex activity 反射活动reflex arc 反射弧reflex association 反射式联结reflex center 反射中枢reflex chain 反射链reflex circuit 反射回路reflex conduction 反射传导reflex contraction 反射性收缩reflex epilepsy 反射性癫痫reflex facilitation 反射助长作用reflex hallucination 反射性幻想reflex hysteria 反射性癔症reflex inhibition 反射性抑制reflex integration 反射整合reflex irradiation 反射扩散reflex latency 反射潜伏期reflex learning 反射学习reflex mechanism 反射机制reflex motor 反射运动reflex movement 反射性运动reflex of second order 二级反射reflex path 反射通路reflex reserve 反射准备reflex response 反射性反应reflex sensation 反射性感觉reflex sensitization 反射敏感现象reflex strength 反射强度reflex summation 反射积合reflex system 反射系统reflex time 反射时间reflex tonus 反射性紧张reflexion 反射作用reflexion inference 反思推论reflexion judgment 反思判断reflexion of factor 因素反转reflexive 反射性reflexive smiling 反射性微笑reflexivity 反射度reflexogenic 发生反射的reflexograph 反射描记器reflexology 反射学reflexophil 反射性的reflexotherapy 反射疗法reformation education 感化教育reformation through labour 劳动改造reformatory 教养所reformatory education 感化教育reformatory school 工读学校reforming motive of prisoner 罪犯改造动机refraction 折射refraction anomaly 折射异常refraction stereoscope 折射实体镜refractivity 折射性refractoriness 不应性refractoriness 失效refractory period 不应期refractory state 不感受状态refrangibility 折射性refreezing 重新冻结refuge 避难所refugee 避难者refusal of witness 不证refuse 拒绝refuse rate 拒绝回答率refutability 可反驳性refutation 辩驳refutation of argument ground 反驳论据反驳论据refutational defense 驳斥性防卫refute 驳斥regard 注意regeneration 再生regenerative process 再生过程regime 制度region 区域region of doubt 可疑域region of rejection 拒绝区region of rejection 排斥域region of significance 显著域regional analysis 地区分析regional cerebral blood flow 区域性脑血流regional cerebral metabolism rate 区域性脑代谢率regional difference 地区差异regional sociology 区域社会学regional structure of population 地区人口结构registration 登记regnant 支配的regnum animal 动物界regrate 囤积regrater 囤积者regress 退化regression 回归regression 退行regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression constant 回归常数regression curve 回归曲线regression effect 回归效应regression equation 回归方程regression estimate 回归估计regression fallacy 回归谬误regression forecasting 回归预测regression formula 回归公式regression line 回归线regression neurosis 退行性神经症regression time 回视时间regression to the mean 趋均数回归regression toward the mean 趋均数回归趋均数归regression weights 回归加权regressive definition 回归定义regressive movement 回视运动regret 后悔regular 有规律的regular astigmatism 规则性散光regular inquiry 定期调查regular language 正规语言regularity 规律性regularity of mental transformation 心理转化规律regulating muscle 调节肌regulation 调节regulation for operations 操作规程regulation of food intake 摄食调节regulation of metabolism 新陈代谢调节新陈代谢调节regulation of water intake 饮水调节regulative development 调节发育regulative principle 规范原则regulative use of reason 理性的调节作用regulator 管理者regulatory factor 调节因子regulatory gene 调节基因regulatory inhibition 调节性抑制regulatory mechanism 调节机制rehabilitation 康复rehabilitation center 康复中心rehabilitation counseling 康复咨询rehabilitation medicine 康复医学rehabilitation psychology 康复心理学rehabilitational psychology 回归心理学归心理学rehearsal 复述rehearsal method 复述法rehearsal set 复述定势reheotachygraphy 肌电波描记法Reid movement illusion 瑞德运动错觉瑞德运动错觉reification 观念与现象混淆Reil s insula 脑岛Reil s ribbon 内侧丘系reinforcement 强化reinforcement contrast 强化对比reinforcement of conditional reflex 条件反射的强化reinforcement of reflex 反射强化reinforcement schedule 强化程序reinforcement theory 强化理论reinforcement theory of motivation 激励的强化理论reinforcement value 强化值reinforcement affect theory 强化感情论增强感情论reinforcer 强化物reinforcing stimulus 强化刺激reinteation theory 返老还童说reintegration 重整作用rejecting confession 拒供rejecting neglecting p arent 拒忽型父母拒忽型父母rejection 拒绝rejection latitude 拒绝幅度rejection of peer 同伴拒绝rejection region 否定区域rejuvenation 恢复青春rejuvenescence 复壮现象relapse 恶化relapse 复发related color 相关色related data 相关数据related language 亲属语言relatedness 关联性relation 关系relation 亲属relation analysis 关系分析relation between generations 代际关系relation between inhibitory and excitation 抑制与兴奋的关系relation between plans and markets 计划与市场的关系relation theory of personality 个性的关系理论relational 亲属的relational 有关系的relational concept 关系概念relational fertility 关联丰富性relational learning 关系学习relational reflex 关系反射relational surveys 关系调查relational theory of transfer 迁移的关系理论relational word 关系词relationship 关系relationship 亲属关系relationship characteristic关系特征relationship psychotherapy 关系心理治疗relationship theory 关系论relationship therapy 关系治疗法relationship with co workers 与同事关系与同事关relative 相对的relative activity 相对灵活性relative adaptation 相对适应relative analysis 对比分析relative chance 相对机遇relative change 相对变化relative character 相对性状relative choice 相对选择relative concept 相对概念relative contrast sensitivity 相对对比敏感度relative deprivation 相对剥夺relative deprivation 相对性匮乏relative deprivation theory 相对剥夺说相对剥夺说relative discrimination 相对辨别relative dominance 相对优势relative error 相对误差relative frequency 相对频度relative gain 相对利益relative humidity 相对湿度relative judgment 相对判断relative limen 相对阈限relative localization 相对定位relative luminous efficiency function 相对视见函数relative maturity 相对成熟度relative measurement 相对量度relative metabolic rate 相对代谢率relative method 比较法relative motion 相对运动relative motion parallax 相对运动视差相对运动视差relative pitch 相对音高relative potency 相对优势relative property 相对性relative refractory period 相对不反应期相对不反应期relative retention time 相对保留时间relative self 相对自我relative sensitivity 相对感受性relative size 相对大小relative size cue 相对大小线索relative specificity 相对特效性relative stability 相对稳定性relative standard 相对标准relative threshold 相对阈限relative value 比值relative value 相对值relative variability 相对变异性relative variation 相对变异relative velocity 相对速度relative visual field 相对视野relativism 相对主义relativity 相对作用relativity law 相对律relativity of reinforcement 强化的相对性增强的相对性relativity theory 相对论relaxation 松弛relaxation factor 松弛因素relaxation of muscle action 肌肉动作放松relaxation of selection 选择放松relaxation oscillation 松弛颤动relaxation theory of play 游戏放松说relaxation therapy 放松疗法relaxation training 放松训练relaxed appearance with mental tension 形松意紧relaxed wave 松懈波relaxing reaction 松弛反应relaxing skill 松弛功relaxing techniques 松弛技术relay 继电器relay 交接relay cell 中间神经元relearning 再学习relearning method 再学法relearning procedure 再学习法release 释放release therapy 释放疗法releaser 释放体releaser 引发物releasing factor 释放因子releasing hormone 释放激素releasing mechanism 释放机制releasing schema 引发图式releasing stimulus 引发刺激relegation learning 归属学习relevance 有关relevancy 适切度relevant cue 关联线索relevant data 有关数据relevant dimension 关联维度relevant information 有关信息relevant subset 关联子集reliability 信度reliability coefficient 信度系数reliability consideration 可靠性思考reliability estimation 信度估计法reliability of data 数据的可靠性reliability of estimate 估计值的可靠性估计值的可靠性reliability of statistics 统计的可靠性reliability of test 检验的可靠性reliability of testimony 证言的可靠性reliability of testing 检验的可靠性reliability theory 可靠性理论religion 宗教religions belief 宗教信仰religions delusion 宗教妄想religions idea 宗教观念religions institution 宗教制度religions liberty 宗教自由religions quest 宗教研究religions skepticism 宗教怀疑主义religions taboo 宗教戒律religions thought 宗教思想religiosity 宗教狂religious cult 宗教崇拜religious fanaticism 宗教狂热religious instinct 宗教本能religious mania 宗教性躁狂状态religious melancholia 宗教性忧郁症religious psychology 宗教心理学religious therapy 宗教治疗法religious tradition 宗教传统REM 快速眼动快速眼动Remark s nerve fibre 雷马克氏神经纤维Remark s nerve fibre 无髓神经纤维remediable 可矫正的remedial 补习的remedial education 矫正教育remedial instruction 矫正教学remedial reading 补充阅读remedial reading 矫正阅读remedial teaching 矫正指导remediation 矫正remember 记得remembering 记住remembrance 追忆remembrance hallucination 追忆性幻觉追忆性幻觉reminiscence 记忆恢复remission 缓解remittent temperature 弛张温度remorse 悔恨remote amnesia 远事遗忘remote association 远隔联想Remote Association Test 远隔联想测验remote backward association 远距逆向联想remote cause 远因remote conditioning 远距条件作用remote control 遥控remote forward association 远距顺向联想remote memory 久远记忆remote sensing 遥感remote terminal 运程终端remoteness 远隔性removal 迁移removal from proactive inhibition 顺向抑制解除REMS (rapid eye movement sleep 快速眼动睡眠rencounter 冲突Rendu s tremor 郎杜震颤renifleur 嗅觉性欲癖患者Renshaw cell 仁邵细胞reorganization 重组reorganization theory 重组论Rep Test 角色构念测验reparation 弥补repeated examination 反复检查repeated interview 再面谈repeated measure 重复测量repeated measurement design 重复测量设计repeated observations 重复观测值repeated sampling 反复抽样repeated survey 重复调查repeated trials 重复试验repellent apraxia 相斥失用症repelling attack 排斥法repent 悔悟repercussion 反应repercussion effect 相互作用效果repercussion study 相互作用研究repertory grid 个人构念积储格repetition 重复repetition learning 反复学习repetition method of interrogation 复述讯问法repetition compulsion 强迫性重复动作强迫性重动作repetitive error 重复误差repetitive part method 反复分习法repetitive process 重复过程repetitive rate 重复率repetitive task 反复作业replaceability 可替换性replacement 替代replacement 移位replacement sampling 替代抽样replicate 复制replication 重复replication experiment 验证性实验replication therapy 重演治疗法replicative enzyme 复制酶reply 回答repolarization 复极化repolarize 再极化report 报告represent 描述representability 表现力representability of dream 梦的表现力representation 表征representation function 描述功能representation in general 一般表象representation of athletic 运动表征representation of problem 问题表征representation of sense 感觉表现representation of sensibility 感性表象representation theorem 表现定理representational form 表象形式representational skill 表征技巧representative data 代表数据representative design 代表性设计representative element 表现成分representative factor 代表性因子representative intelligence 表象性智能表像性智能representative learning 表征学习representative measure 代表性测量representative participation 代表参与representative sample 代表性样本representative sampling 代表性抽样representative score 代表分数representative thinking 表象思维representative value 代表值representativeness 代表性representativeness of sample survey 抽样调查代表性representativeness of sampling 抽样代表性repress 抑制repressed complex 压抑情结repressed drive 压抑的内驱力repression 压抑repression resistance 压抑抗拒Repression Sensitization Scale 压抑增敏量表。

高三英语学术研究方法创新不断探索单选题30题

高三英语学术研究方法创新不断探索单选题30题1. In academic research, a hypothesis is a ______ that is tested through experiments and observations.A. predictionB. conclusionC. theoryD. assumption答案：D。

本题考查学术研究中“假说”相关的基本概念。

选项A“prediction”意为“预测”，通常是基于现有信息对未来的估计；选项B“conclusion”指“结论”，是在研究后得出的最终判断；选项C“theory”是“理论”，是经过大量研究和验证形成的体系；选项D“assumption”表示“假定、设想”，更符合“假说”的含义，即在研究初期未经充分验证的设想。

2. The main purpose of conducting academic research is to ______ new knowledge and understanding.A. discoverB. createC. inventD. produce答案：A。

此题考查学术研究目的相关的词汇。

选项A“discover”意思是“发现”，强调找到原本存在但未被知晓的事物；选项B“create”意为“创造”，侧重于从无到有地造出新的东西；选项C“invent”指“发明”，通常指创造出新的工具、设备等；选项D“produce”有“生产、产生”的意思，比较宽泛。

在学术研究中，主要是“发现”新知识和理解，所以选A。

3. A reliable academic research should be based on ______ data and methods.A. accurateB. preciseC. correctD. valid答案：D。

本题关于可靠学术研究的基础。

选项A“accurate”侧重于“准确无误”，强调与事实完全相符；选项B“precise”意为“精确的、明确的”，更强调细节的清晰和明确；选项C“correct”指“正确的”；选项D“valid”表示“有效的、有根据的”，强调数据和方法具有合理性和可靠性。

RAP的前世今生

Yannuzzi→unreliable Gass→readily determined
T1CNV导致浆液性PEDFra bibliotekSSRN, subsensory retinal choroidal neovascularization
Gass 5期 (2003)
Gass JD, Agarwal A, Lavina AM, Tawansy KA. Focal inner retinal hemorrhages in patients with drusen: an early sign of occult choroidal neovascularization and chorioretinal anastomosis. Retina. 2003;23(6):741-51.
详细解说了T1NV、T2NV、T3NV
2010年 RETINA 社论2nd
K. Bailey Freund
T3NV继发于 T1NV
T3NV继发于 T1NV
2015年 RETINA 社论3rd
Giuseppe Querques ； K. Bailey Freund
retinal-retinal anastomosis
1992年，首次报道存在“视网膜血管瘤样病灶”
11人14眼
激光治疗效果差，视力预后差
1996年，首次专题报道AMD的视网膜深部异常血管复合体
M. Elizabeth Hartnett
▶ Moran Eye Center-U Utah.
▶ ARVO's 2018 Weisenfeld Award winner. She will be honored at ARVO by FFS.
Lawrence A. Yannuzzi

基于大数据的雷达健康管理系统

第17卷第4期太赫兹科学与电子信息学报Vo1．17，No．4 2019年8月 Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology Aug．，2019 文章编号：2095-4980(2019)04-0691-07基于分段压缩和原子范数的跳频信号参数估计李慧启1，李立春1，张云飞2，刘志鹏1(1.战略支援部队信息工程大学信息系统工程学院，河南郑州 450002；2.西安电子科技大学通信工程学院，陕西西安 710071)摘要：针对压缩域跳频信号参数估计方法需借助测量矩阵寻找压缩采样数据的数字特征，造成运算复杂度高，且存在基不匹配的问题，提出一种压缩域数字特征和原子范数的跳频信号参数估计方法。

建立块对角化的测量矩阵，实现信号分段压缩，分析压缩采样数据的数字特征，实现跳变时刻粗估计；分离出未发生频率跳变的信号段，利用原子范数最小化方法实现跳变频率的精确估计；最后依据精确估计的跳变频率，设计原子字典，并在压缩域实现跳变时刻的精确估计。

基于该算法的跳变频率估计性能高于基于压缩感知的跳变频率估计，亦能精确估计跳频信号的跳变时刻。

仿真结果显示，在信噪比高于-2 dB，压缩比高于0.5时，基于该算法的归一化跳变频率估计误差低于10-4，归一化跳变时刻估计误差低于10-2。

关键词：跳频信号；分段压缩；原子范数；参数估计中图分类号：TN911.7文献标志码：A doi：10.11805/TKYDA201904.0691Parameter estimation of frequency hopping signals based on. All Rights Reserved.piecewise compression and atomic normLI Huiqi1，LI Lichun1，ZHANG Yunfei2，LIU Zhipeng1(1.College of Information Systems Engineering，Information Engineering University，Zhengzhou Henan 450002，China；2.College of Communications Engineering，Xidian University，Xi'an Shaanxi 710071，China)Abstract：The parameter estimation of frequency hopping signal in compressed domain needs to find the digital characteristics of compressed sampling data by means of measurement matrix, which results inhigh computational complexity and base mismatch. In order to solve this problem, a method for parameterestimation of frequency hopping signal based on digital characteristics in compressed domain and atomicnorm is proposed. Firstly, a block diagonalization measurement matrix is established to realize signalpiecewise compression, and the digital characteristics of compressed sampling data are analyzed toroughly estimate hop timing. Then, the signal segments without frequency hopping are separated and theaccurate estimation of hopping frequency is realized by minimizing atomic norm. Based on the accurateestimation of hopping frequency, an atomic dictionary is designed and the accurate estimation of hoptiming is realized in compressed domain. The proposed method's frequency estimation performance isbetter than that based on grid compressive sensing, and the hop timing of frequency hopping signals canalso be accurately estimated. Simulation results show that when SNR is higher than -2 dB and thecompression ratio is higher than 0.5, the normalized hopping frequency estimation error based on theproposed algorithm is less than 10-4, and the normalized hop timing estimation error is less than 10-2.Keywords：frequency hopping signal；piecewise compression；atomic norm；parameter estimation跳频通信技术具有优良的抗干扰性能和多址组网性能，在军事通信中得到广泛应用[1]。

再论中介模型滥用：如何规范地实施因果中介效应分析因果中介效应估计、敏感性分析、工具变量模型。。。

再论中介模型滥⽤：如何规范地实施因果中介效应分析因果中介效应估计、敏感性分析、⼯具变量模型。

近年来，⼤量的经济学论⽂滥⽤中介效应模型，参考⽂献是⼀遍中⽂⼼理学论⽂，特别以硕⼠论⽂居多，引起严肃经济学者的警觉和批评。

在这个⽅程组中有很多的问题存在：y=a+bx+u (1)m=a1x+u1 (2)y=a2x+b2m+u2 (3）很显然（1）式中⾄少遗漏了中介变量m，则导致严重内⽣性问题，内⽣性导致b的估计是有偏的，b都估计不对，何谈后⾯的因果效应和机制分析的识别？且不说有没有考虑三个⼦⽅程的内⽣性问题了！令⼈悲哀和⽆免，其实只需要基本的初等计量经济学知识！本推⽂将介绍在因果分析框架下中介分析模型。

此外，管理学的调节效应其实就是规范实证经济学⾥⾯的交互项模型，即相关异质性因果效应分析：即将开幕的STATA前沿培训精讲：带异质性处理效应的双向固定效应估计|从精确断点、模糊断点估计的实际操作|弱⼯具变量稳健推断异质性分析、机制分析的内容可选择学习：即将开班 | 结构模型、Stata实证前沿、Python数据挖掘暑假⼯作坊当然，⽐较合理地机制分析是基于理论框架的科学分析，这也可以在以上暑假⼯作坊课程中的结构估计部分学习之，其也提供⽂本分析的内容。

欢迎咨询！Causal mediation analysisRaymond Hicks,Niehaus Center for Globalization and GovernancePrinceton University,Princeton, NJ,rhicks@Dustin Tingley,Department of Government,Harvard UniversityCambridge, MA,dtingley@Abstract. Estimating the mechanisms that connect explanatory variables with the explained variable, also known as “mediation analysis,” is central to a variety of social-science fields, especially psychology, and incre epidemiology.Recent work on the statistical methodology behind mediation analysis points to limitations in earlier methods. We implement in Stata computational approaches based on recent developments in the sta analysis. In particular, we provide functions for the correct calculation of causal mediation effects using several different types of parametric models, as well as the calculation of sensitivity analyses for violations to the required for interpreting mediation results causally.摘要：估计解释变量与被解释变量之间的联系机制，也被称为“中介分析”，是各种社会科学领域的核⼼，尤其是⼼理学，并逐渐成为流⾏病学等领域的核⼼。

(完整版)语用学级期末复习思考题

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Put the following English terms into Chinese. (1'×10＝10’)所指对象referent所指论Referential theory专有名词 proper name普通名词 common nouns固定的指称记号 rigid designators指称词语deixical items确定性描述语definite descriptions编码时间 coding—time变异性variability表示反复的词语 iterative表述句 constative补救策略redressive strategies不可分离性 non—detachability不确定性indeterminacy不使用补救策略，赤裸裸地公开施行面子威胁行bald on record without redressive actions 阐述类言语行为 representatives承诺类言语行为 commissives指令类言语行为directives表达类言语行为expressives，宣告类言语行为declarations诚意条件 sincerity condition次要言外行为 secondary illocutionary act等级含义 scalar implicature等级划分法 rating scales副语言特征 paralinguistic features非公开施行面子威胁行为 off record非规约性non—conventionality非规约性意义 non-conventional implicature非论证性的 non—demonstrative非自然意义non—natural meaning (meaning—nn)否定测试法negation test符号学 semiotics构成性规则 constitutive rules古典格莱斯会话含义理论 Classical Gricean theory of conversational implicature关联论Relevance Theory关联原则Principle of Relevance归属性用法 attributive use规约性含义conventional implicature人际修辞 interpersonal rhetoric篇章修辞textual rhetoric含蓄动词 implicative verbs合适条件 felicity conditions呼语 vocatives互相显映 mutually manifest会话含义 conversational implicature话语层次策略 utterance-level strategy积极面子positive face间接言语行为 indirect speech acts间接指令 indirect directives结语 upshots交际意图communicative intention可撤销性 cancellability可废弃性 defeasibility可推导性 calculability跨文化语用失误cross—cultural pragmatic failure跨文化语用学cross—cultural pragmatics命题内容条件 propositional content condition面子保全论 Face-saving Theory面子论 Face Theory面子威胁行为 Face Threatening Acts （FTAs）蔑视 flouting明示 ostensive明示－推理模式ostensive—inferential model摹状词理论Descriptions粘合程度 scale of cohesion篇章指示 discourse deixis前提 presupposition前提语 presupposition trigger强加的绝对级别absolute ranking of imposition确定谈话目的 establishing the purpose of the interaction确定言语事件的性质 establishing the nature of the speech event 确定性描述语 definite descriptions认知语用学 cognitive pragmatics上下文 co—text社会语用迁移sociopragmatic transfer社交语用失误 sociopragmatic failure施为句 performative省力原则 the principle of least effort实情动词 factive verbs适从向 direction of fit手势型用法 gestural usage首要言外行为 primary illocutionary act双重或数重语义模糊 pragmatic bivalence/ plurivalence顺应的动态性 dynamics of adaptability顺应性adaptability语境关系的顺应(contextual correlates of adaptability)、语言结构的顺应(structural objects of adaptability)、顺应的动态性（dynamics of adaptability)和顺应过程的意识程度（salience of the adaptation processes）。

T.W. ANDERSON (1971). The Statistical Analysis of Time Series. Series in Probability and Ma

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vol.20,pp.22-28.432B IBLIOGRAPHY R.A.J OHNSON and M.B AGSHAW(1974).The effect of serial correlation on the performance of CUSUM tests-Part I.Technometrics,vol.16,no.1,pp.103-112.H.L.J ONES(1973).Failure Detection in Linear Systems.Ph.D.Thesis,Dept.Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT,Cambridge,MA.R.H.J ONES,D.H.C ROWELL and L.E.K APUNIAI(1970).Change detection model for serially correlated multivariate data.Biometrics,vol.26,no2,pp.269-280.M.J URGUTIS(1984).Comparison of the statistical properties of the estimates of the change times in an autoregressive process.In Statistical Problems of Control,Issue65,Vilnius,pp.234-243(in Russian).T.K AILATH(1980).Linear rmation and System Sciences Series,Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,NJ.L.V.K ANTOROVICH and V.I.K RILOV(1958).Approximate Methods of Higher Analysis.Interscience,New York.S.K ARLIN and H.M.T AYLOR(1975).A First Course in Stochastic Processes,2d ed.Academic Press,New York.S.K ARLIN and H.M.T AYLOR(1981).A Second Course in Stochastic Processes.Academic Press,New York.D.K AZAKOS and P.P APANTONI-K AZAKOS(1980).Spectral distance measures between gaussian pro-cesses.IEEE Trans.Automatic Control,vol.AC-25,no5,pp.950-959.K.W.K EMP(1958).Formula for calculating the operating characteristic and average sample number of some sequential tests.Jal Royal Statistical Society,vol.B-20,no2,pp.379-386.K.W.K EMP(1961).The average run length of the cumulative sum chart when a V-mask is used.Jal Royal Statistical Society,vol.B-23,pp.149-153.K.W.K EMP(1967a).Formal expressions which can be used for the determination of operating character-istics and average sample number of a simple sequential test.Jal Royal Statistical Society,vol.B-29,no2, pp.248-262.K.W.K EMP(1967b).A simple procedure for determining upper and lower limits for the average sample run length of a cumulative sum scheme.Jal Royal Statistical Society,vol.B-29,no2,pp.263-265.D.P.K ENNEDY(1976).Some martingales related to cumulative sum tests and single server queues.Stochas-tic Processes and Appl.,vol.4,pp.261-269.T.H.K ERR(1980).Statistical analysis of two-ellipsoid overlap test for real time failure detection.IEEE Trans.Automatic Control,vol.AC-25,no4,pp.762-772.T.H.K ERR(1982).False alarm and correct detection probabilities over a time interval for restricted classes of failure detection algorithms.IEEE rmation Theory,vol.IT-24,pp.619-631.T.H.K ERR(1987).Decentralizedﬁltering and redundancy management for multisensor navigation.IEEE Trans.Aerospace and Electronic systems,vol.AES-23,pp.83-119.Minor corrections on p.412and p.599 (May and July issues,respectively).R.A.K HAN(1978).Wald’s approximations to the average run length in cusum procedures.Jal Statistical Planning and Inference,vol.2,no1,pp.63-77.R.A.K HAN(1979).Someﬁrst passage problems related to cusum procedures.Stochastic Processes and Applications,vol.9,no2,pp.207-215.R.A.K HAN(1981).A note on Page’s two-sided cumulative sum procedures.Biometrika,vol.68,no3, pp.717-719.B IBLIOGRAPHY433 V.K IREICHIKOV,V.M ANGUSHEV and I.N IKIFOROV(1990).Investigation and application of CUSUM algorithms to monitoring of sensors.In Statistical Problems of Control,Issue89,Vilnius,pp.124-130(in Russian).G.K ITAGAWA and W.G ERSCH(1985).A smoothness prior time-varying AR coefﬁcient modeling of non-stationary covariance time series.IEEE Trans.Automatic Control,vol.AC-30,no1,pp.48-56.N.K LIGIENE(1980).Probabilities of deviations of the change point estimate in statistical models.In Sta-tistical Problems of Control,Issue83,Vilnius,pp.80-86(in Russian).N.K LIGIENE and L.T ELKSNYS(1983).Methods of detecting instants of change of random process prop-erties.Automation and Remote Control,vol.44,no10,Part II,pp.1241-1283.J.K ORN,S.W.G ULLY and A.S.W ILLSKY(1982).Application of the generalized likelihood ratio algorithm to maneuver detection and estimation.Proc.American Control Conf.,Arlington,V A,pp.792-798.P.R.K RISHNAIAH and B.Q.M IAO(1988).Review about estimation of change points.In Handbook of Statistics(P.R.Krishnaiah,C.R.Rao,eds.),vol.7,Elsevier,New York,pp.375-402.P.K UDVA,N.V ISWANADHAM and A.R AMAKRISHNAN(1980).Observers for linear systems with unknown inputs.IEEE Trans.Automatic Control,vol.AC-25,no1,pp.113-115.S.K ULLBACK(1959).Information Theory and Statistics.Wiley,New York(also Dover,New York,1968). 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Clark,eds.).International Series in Systems and Control Engineering,Prentice Hall International,London, UK,pp.439-476.A.K USHNIR,I.N IKIFOROV and I.S AVIN(1983).Statistical adaptive algorithms for automatic detection of seismic signals-Part I:One-dimensional case.In Earthquake Prediction and the Study of the Earth Structure,Naouka,Moscow(Computational Seismology,vol.15),pp.154-159(in Russian).L.L ADELLI(1990).Diffusion approximation for a pseudo-likelihood test process with application to de-tection of change in stochastic system.Stochastics and Stochastics Reports,vol.32,pp.1-25.T.L.L A¨I(1974).Control charts based on weighted sums.Annals Statistics,vol.2,no1,pp.134-147.T.L.L A¨I(1981).Asymptotic optimality of invariant sequential probability ratio tests.Annals Statistics, vol.9,no2,pp.318-333.D.G.L AINIOTIS(1971).Joint detection,estimation,and system identiﬁrmation and Control, vol.19,pp.75-92.M.R.L EADBETTER,G.L INDGREN and H.R OOTZEN(1983).Extremes and Related Properties of Random Sequences and Processes.Series in Statistics,Springer,New York.L.L E C AM(1960).Locally asymptotically normal families of distributions.Univ.California Publications in Statistics,vol.3,pp.37-98.L.L E C AM(1986).Asymptotic Methods in Statistical Decision Theory.Series in Statistics,Springer,New York.E.L.L EHMANN(1986).Testing Statistical Hypotheses,2d ed.Wiley,New York.J.P.L EHOCZKY(1977).Formulas for stopped diffusion processes with stopping times based on the maxi-mum.Annals Probability,vol.5,no4,pp.601-607.H.R.L ERCHE(1980).Boundary Crossing of Brownian Motion.Lecture Notes in Statistics,vol.40,Springer, New York.L.L JUNG(1987).System Identiﬁcation-Theory for the rmation and System Sciences Series, Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,NJ.。

Kalman filtering with intermittent observations

where xt ∈
n
is the state vector, yt ∈
m
the output vector, wt ∈
p
and vt ∈
m
are Gaussian
random vectors with zero mean and covariance matrices Q ≥ 0 and R > 0, respectively. wt is independent of ws for s < t. Assume that the initial state, x0 , is also a Gaussian vector of zero mean and covariance Σ0 . Under the hypothesis of stabilizability of the pair (A, Q) and detectability of the pair (A, C ), the estimation error covariance of the Kalman ﬁlter converges to a unique value from any initial condition [8]. These assumptions have been relaxed in various ways [8]. Extended Kalman ﬁltering attempts to cope with nonlinearities in the model; particle ﬁltering is also appropriate for nonlinear models, and additionally does not require the noise model to be Gaussian. Recently, more general observation processes have been studied. In particular, in [9], [10] the case in which observations are randomly spaced in time according to a Poisson process has been studied, where the underlying dynamics evolve in continuous time. These authors showed the existence of a lower bound on the arrival rate of the observations below which it is possible to maintain the estimation error covariance below a ﬁxed value, with high probability. The results were restricted to scalar SISO systems.

时空极差熵权法英文

时空极差熵权法英文The Time-Space Extreme Difference Entropy Weighting Method (TSWEDEM) is a multi-criteria decision-making method that is used to evaluate the performance of a set of alternatives concerning multiple criteria. The technique employs a top-down approach that aims to identify the most advantageous alternative that satisfies the preferences and constraints of the decision-maker. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the TSWEDEM, including its theoretical background, algorithm, and practical applications.The TSWEDEM is based on two core concepts: entropy and weighting. Entropy is a measure of the uncertainty or unpredictability of a system, while weighting is a technique used to assign relative importance to different criteria or factors. In the context of the TSWEDEM, entropy is used to measure the degree of difference between the performance of alternatives with respect to each criterion, while weighting is used to incorporate the decision-maker's preferences for each criterion.The algorithm of the TSWEDEM can be divided into three steps: normalization of the decision matrix, determination of the weighting coefficient and calculation of the fuzzy comprehensive appraisal. The first step involves standardizing the decision matrix to avoid dominance by any single criterion. The second step involves determining the weighting coefficient for each criterion through the use of expert judgment or other methods. The final step involves calculating the fuzzy comprehensive appraisal for each alternative, which is a weighted sum of the normalized scores for each criterion.The advantages of the TSWEDEM include its ability to handle both quantitative and qualitative criteria, its ability to incorporate expert judgment, and its ability to provide a comprehensive evaluation of alternatives. The technique has been successfully applied in avariety of fields, including environmental management, transportation planning, and energy systems analysis.In environmental management, the TSWEDEM has been used to evaluate the performance of different waste management strategies. In transportation planning, it has been used to select the best transportation mode for a given route. In energy systems analysis, it has been used to evaluate the performance of different renewable energy technologies.However, the TSWEDEM has several limitations, including the subjectivity of the weighting process, the potential for inconsistency in expert judgment, and the lack of a clear theoretical foundation. Additionally, the technique can betime-consuming and computationally intensive, particularly when dealing with large and complex decision matrices.In conclusion, the TSWEDEM is a valuable multi-criteria decision-making method that can help decision-makers evaluate the performance of alternatives concerning multiple criteria. Its theoretical foundation, algorithm, and practical applications have been discussed in detail. Thetechnique has several advantages, but it also has some limitations, which need to be considered when applying it in practice.。

Crank–Nicolsonmethod

Crank–Nicolson method From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediathen, letting , the equation for Crank–Nicolson method is a combination of the forward Euler method at and the backward Euler method at n + 1 (note, however, that the method itself is not simply the average of those two methods, as the equation has an implicit dependence on the solution):The function F must be discretized spatially with a central difference.Note that this is an implicit method: to get the "next" value of u in time, asystem of algebraic equations must be solved. If the partial differentialequation is nonlinear, the discretization will also be nonlinear so thatadvancing in time will involve the solution of a system of nonlinear algebraicequations, though linearizations are possible. In many problems, especiallylinear diffusion, the algebraic problem is tridiagonal and may be efficientlysolved with the tridiagonal matrix algorithm, which gives a fast directsolution as opposed to the usual for a full matrix.The Crank–Nicolson method is often applied to diffusion problems. As anexample, for linear diffusion,whose Crank–Nicolson discretization is then:or, letting :which is a tridiagonal problem, so that may be efficientlysolved by using the tridiagonal matrix algorithm in favor of amuch more costly matrix inversion.A quasilinear equation, such as (this is a minimalistic exampleand not general)would lead to a nonlinear system of algebraic equationswhich could not be easily solved as above; however, it ispossible in some cases to linearize the problem by usingthe old value for , that is instead of .Other times, it may be possible toestimate using an explicit method and maintainstability.The Crank–Nicolson method is often applied to diffusion problems. As an example, for linear diffusion,whose Crank–Nicolson discretization is then:or, letting :which is a tridiagonal problem, so that may be efficiently solved by using the tridiagonal matrix algorithm in favor of a much more costly matrix inversion.A quasilinear equation, such as (this is a minimalistic example and not general)would lead to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations which could not beeasily solved as above; however, it is possible in some cases to linearize theproblem by using the old value for , that is instead of .Other times, it may be possible to estimate using an explicitmethod and maintain stability.。

社会研究方法艾尔巴比英文pptCh4

How to Design a Research Project
5. Decide whom or what to study. 6. Collect empirical data. 7. Process the data. 8. Analyze the data. 9. Report your findings.
Purpose of Exploratory Studies
▪ Satisfy researcher’s curiosity and desire for better understanding.
▪ Test the feasibility of undertaking a more extensive study.
▪ This contrasts with the idiographic model, in which we seek a complete, in-depth understanding of a single case.
Criteria for Nomothetic Causality
1. A statistical correlation between the two variables.
How to Design a Research Project
1. Define the purpose of your project. 2. Specify exact meanings for the concepts
you want to study. 3. Choose a research method. 4. Decide how to measure the results.
2. The cause takes place before the effect. 3. There is no third variable that can

SCI论文摘要中常用的表达方法

（2）说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等
（3）介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有use, apply, application等
结果部分
（1）展示研究结果，常用词汇有show, result, present等
（2）介绍结论，常用词汇有summary, introduce,conclude等
讨论部分
（1）陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest, repot, present, expect, describe等
（2）说明论证，常用词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等
SCI摘要引言部分案例 attention
SCI摘要方法部分案例 consider
SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例词汇outline
? Author(s): TIERNEY, L SCI引用728次
引言部分回顾研究背景常用词汇summarize
Abstract: This biennial review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 1900 new measurements from 700 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review.

评估复杂可维修系统可靠度与瞬态可用度的蒙特卡罗方法

步骤 (1) 到 (4) 即为计算系统不可靠度的蒙特卡罗仿真方法的统一描述 ,可以通过改变抽样空间或
者改变估计量的形式实现各种仿真方法。
系统瞬态不可用度的泛函形式为
∫T
A^ = d tχk ( t ) a ( t ) 0
其中 , k ∈Γ
(1. 11)
∫∑ exp - T μlk ( T′l) d t′ 0 < t < T
关键词 Bootstrap 方法 ;加权统计估计 ;复杂可维修系统 ;评估中图分类号 O171
在大型武器系统的贮存研究及大型设备的运行研究中 ,常遇到复杂可维修系统可靠性、维修性和可用性的评估问题。该问题相当困难 ,其研究也非常少[1 ,2 ] 。对于复杂系统 ,原则上可以采用蒙特卡罗方法评估其可靠性、可用性指标 ,目前发表的文章主要集中在系统可靠性计算解析公式已知的不可维修系统可靠性评估方面。文献[ 3 ]给出了基于 Fiducial 观点的系统可靠性评估方法 ,文献 [ 4 ] 研究了基于 Bayes 观点的系统可靠性评估方法 ,文献 [ 5 ]给出了评估系统可靠性的 Bootstrap 方法 ,文献 [ 6 ] 给出基于单元参数渐近分布的渐近正态方法。文献[ 7～9 ] 的研究表明 ,一般地 Bootstrap 方法的精度较高。用蒙特卡罗方法评估复杂系统可靠性、可用性指标的主要困难在于 :由于采用了蒙特卡罗评估框架 ,而计算点估计时又采用蒙特卡罗方法 ,这样 ,系统评估算法的效率会非常低 ,在有限的计算时间内获得评估结果的精度很差。
2 复杂可维修系统可靠度、瞬态可用度仿真评估实例
如图 2. 1 所示的可维修系统 ,系统由 5 个单元组成 ,每个单元配有一维修组。系统采用预防维修模式 , 系统各单元隐式故障 , 预防维修周期为

egger’s regression method

Egger's regression method is a statistical technique used to assess the presence of publication bias in meta-analyses. It 本人ms to examine whether there is a systematic bias in the results of studies included in a meta-analysis, particularly with respect to small study effects. In this article, we will explore the principles and application of Egger's regression method, as well as its limitations and alternatives.1. Principles of Egger's regression methodEgger's regression method is based on the concept of funnel plot asymmetry. A funnel plot is a graphical representation of the relationship between the effect size estimates from individual studies and their precision, typically represented by the standard error. In the absence of publication bias, the funnel plot should resemble a symmetrical inverted funnel, with smaller studies scattered widely at the bottom and larger studies clustering near the top. However, if there is publication bias, the funnel plot may show asymmetry, with smaller studies with more extreme effect sizes being missing from one side of the plot.Egger's regression method formalizes the assessment of funnelplot asymmetry by fitting a regression line to the funnel plot, with the effect size estimates as the independent variable and the standard error as the dependent variable. The intercept of this regression line provides an estimate of the extent of asymmetry, and its statistical significance can be tested to determine the presence of publication bias.2. Application of Egger's regression methodTo apply Egger's regression method, the first step is to construct a funnel plot based on the effect size estimates and their standard errors from individual studies included in the meta-analysis. The presence of asymmetry in the funnel plot can be visually examined, although formal testing using Egger's regression method is rmended for conclusive evidence.The regression analysis is performed by regressing the effect size estimates on their standard errors, and the coefficient of the intercept provides an estimate of the degree of asymmetry. If the intercept is significantly different from zero, it suggests the presence of publication bias. This finding should be interpreted cautiously, as the significance of the intercept may be influenced by the number of included studies and theprecision of their effect size estimates.3. Limitations of Egger's regression methodDespite its utility, Egger's regression method has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting its results. Firstly, the method relies on the assumption that publication bias is the only cause of funnel plot asymmetry, which may not always be the case. Other factors, such as study quality, heterogeneity, and selective oue reporting, can also contribute to funnel plot asymmetry and may confound the interpretation of the results.Additionally, Egger's regression method is sensitive to the number of included studies and their precision, as studies with larger sample sizes and more precise effect size estimates have more influence on the regression line. As a result, the significance of the intercept in Egger's regression analysis may be driven by a small number of influential studies, leading to potentially misleading conclusions about the presence of publication bias.4. Alternatives to Egger's regression methodIn light of the limitations of Egger's regression method, alternative approaches have been proposed to assess publication bias in meta-analyses. These include the use of other statistical tests, such as Begg's rank correlation test and the trim-and-fill method, as well as graphical methods, such as the "Galbr本人th plot" and the "L'Abbe plot".Begg's rank correlation test is based on the correlation between the effect size estimates and their ranks, and can be used to assess asymmetry in funnel plots. The trim-and-fill method addresses publication bias by imputing potentially missing studies to create a more symmetrical funnel plot. These methods offerplementary insights into the presence of publication bias and can be used in conjunction with Egger's regression method to strengthen the overall assessment.5. ConclusionEgger's regression method is a valuable tool for detecting publication bias in meta-analyses, but its interpretation should be cautious due to its limitations. By understanding the principles of Egger's regression method and consideringalternative approaches, researchers can make more informed judgments about the robustness of their meta-analytic findings and explore the potential impact of publication bias on the overall conclusions.。

SLAM入门讲义

• The term `SLAM' was introduced in 1995. • Groups started working again at SLAM (aka CML)
– ACFR, Zaragoza, MIT – Key series of papers through 2000 showing convergence properties. – Initial work on computational efficiency and on loop-closure.
– Vehicle motion – Sensing of external objects
Tim Bailey
• Researchers tried to minimise correlations between landmarks
– Applied approximations to minimise or eliminate correlations, or simply assumed they were zero – Reduced the full filter to a series of decoupled landmark to vehicle filters.
• With each new observation the springs become increasingly (and monotonically) stiffer. • In the limit, a rigid map of landmarks is obtained.
– A perfect relative map of the environment
• Landmark paper by Smith, Self and Cheeseman

Method for monitoring the influence of ambient noi

专利名称：Method for monitoring the influence ofambient noise on stochastic gradientalgorithms during identification of lineartime-invariant systems发明人：Bernhard Künzle,Sarah Bostock申请号：US12848704申请日：20100802公开号：US08687819B2公开日：20140401专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：A hearing aid system and a method of estimating ambient noise in a listeningdevice includes an input transducer and an output transducer, an electrical forward path between the input transducer and the output transducer providing a forward gain, an electrical feedback path comprising an adaptive filter for estimating the acoustic feedback gain from the output transducer to the input transducer. A method determines the quality of a critical gain measurement for a listening device. The method comprises a) monitoring the energy of the first-difference of the filter coefficients of the adaptive filter over time and b) applying a predefined threshold criterion to the change in energy content from one time instance to another to determine an acceptable impact of the ambient noise. This technique may e.g. be used for the fitting of hearing instruments where background noise is variable.申请人：Bernhard Künzle,Sarah Bostock地址：Berne CH,Berne CH国籍：CH,CH代理机构：Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & Birch, LLP更多信息请下载全文后查看。

At the same time non invasion the method of imbedd

专利名称：At the same time non invasion the methodof imbedding reuse possible object basedproduct information to audio visual programin order to use with viewer subject发明人：ジーニン，シルヴィ,チャン，ツイ－フェン,ヴァイティリンガム，ガンディマティ申请号：JP2002553829申请日：20011220公开号：JP2004517532A公开日：20040610专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：The multimedia announcement which in object relation is attached, it is the system and the method non of imbedding to the audio visual program which is supplied from one among various resources invasion. Announcement indicates object the occasion where object is indicated and being accessed by clicking, is extracted from program. Alsosummary of announcement can be drawn up with that. The book mark being attached to the announcement which is accessed or, or, being remembered summary can be drawn up. The user drawing up the profile which consists of the type of announcement of taste, removes the indication of announcement of type of announcement which you do not desire.申请人：コーニンクレッカフィリップスエレクトロニクスエヌヴィ代理人：伊東忠彦,大貫進介,伊東忠重更多信息请下载全文后查看。

骨科高值耗材管理制度优化及效果分析

| Hospital Management Forum | Feb. 2021 Vol.38 No.240Hospital Operation骨科高值耗材管理制度优化及效果分析Study on Optimization of Management System for High-value Consumables in Orthopedics and Effect Analysis□ 张璐璐 ZHANG Lu-lu 谭艳芬 TAN Yan-fenAbstract目的优化骨科高值耗材管理制度和流程，严格按照相关政策及规范优化骨科耗材管理。

方法制定骨科高值耗材管理制度和管理流程；开发信息系统，建立从骨科手术申请到高值耗材结算的全闭环流程控制。

结果改进后的骨科高值耗材供应链管理制度和管理流程符合国家政策要求，能够保证耗材供应和患者治疗安全；业务数据分析提示成本控制点，追踪医生使用习惯。

结论研究成果有效保证了骨科高值耗材管理符合相关政策要求，提升了医院运营管理水平。

Objective To optimize the management system and process of high-value orthopedic consumables in strict accordance with relevant policies and regulations. Methods A management system and management process for high-value consumables in orthopedics were developed. An information system was developed to establish a fully closed-loop process control from orthopedic surgery application to settlement of high-value consumables. Results The improved supply chain management system and management process of high-value orthopedic consumables complied with national policy requirements, which could ensure the supply of consumables and the safety of patient treatment. In addition, the business data analysis could suggest cost control pointsand track doctors' habits. Conclusion The research results effectively ensure that the management of high-value consumables in orthopedics meets the requirements of relevant policies and improves the level of hospital operations management.关键词 Key words ：骨科高值耗材 High-value consumables for orthopedics ；国家政策 National policies ；医院运营管理 Hospital operations management作者单位：北京大学第一医院Peking University First Hospital Email:*********************中图分类号：R197.3；文献标识码：A DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9069.2021.02.0112017年，国家发改委发布了《关于全面深化价格机制改革的意见》(发改价格〔2017〕1941号)，要求全面取消耗材加成[1]。

Automatic accurate time-bound analysis for high-level languages

Automatic Accurate Time-Bound Analysis for High-Level Languages
Yanhong A. Liu and Gustavo Gomez?
Computer Science Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
1 Introduction
Analysis of program running time is important for real-time systems, interactive environments, compiler optimizations, performance evaluation, and many other computer applications. It has been extensively studied in many elds of computer science: algorithms 11, 8], programming languages 25, 12, 20, 22], and systems 23, 19, 21]. It is particularly important for many applications, such as real-time systems, to be able to predict accurate time bounds automatically and e ciently, and it is particularly desirable to be able to do so for high-level languages 23, 19]. Since Shaw proposed timing schema for analyzing system running time based on high-level languages 23], a number of people have extended it for analysis in the presence of compiler optimizations 5], pipelining 13], cache memory 13, 7], etc. However, there remains an obvious and serious limitation of the timing schema, even in the absence of low-level complications. This is the inability to provide loop bounds, recursion depths, or execution paths automatically and accurately for the analysis 18, 1]. For example, the inaccurate loop bounds cause the calculated worst-case time to be as much as 67% higher than the measured worst-case time in 19], while the manual way of providing such information is potentially an even larger source of error, in addition to its inconvenience 18]. Various program analysis methods have been proposed to provide loop bounds or execution paths 1, 6, 9]. They ameliorate the problem but can not completely solve it, because they apply only to some classes of programs or use approximations that are too crude for the analysis, and because separating the loop and path information from the rest of the analysis is in general less accurate than an integrated analysis 17]. This paper describes a general approach for automatic and accurate timebound analysis. The approach combines methods and techniques studied in theory, languages, and systems. We call it a language-based approach, because it primarily exploits methods and techniques for static program analysis and transformation.

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1. Introduction
The next generation of mobile broadband network standard (Next-G) uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation techniques, which have become a dominant technology employed in many wireless communication standards, forming the basis of Long Term Evolution (LTE), Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and IEEE 802.11 families, etc., because OFDM can efficiently deal with frequency-selective channels caused by multi-path delays. Moreover, OFDM is also very flexible for resource allocation and management, since 让 allows for dynamically assigning the subcarriers to multiple users and adaptively choosing the appropriate modulation and coding scheme.
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ARTICLE INFO
Keywords: ICI cancellation OFDM Channel estimation LTE-R
ABSTRACT
This paper addresses the performance of fast doubly selective fading channel estimation combined with Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) cancellation for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication platform in the High Speed Railway (HSR) environment. We consider the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) coefficients with a critical Doppler frequency shift and multi-path fading that were taken from the WINNER II channel model and the D2a propa gation scenario, where the conditions of HSR are analyzed. As multi-path fading increases and the channel varies in the order of the symbol period, we first propose a novel approach for designing a pilot symbol structure in the time domain. Then, we describe the deployment of the proposed pilot symbol structure to estimate the channel in the time domain. Channel information corresponding to the data positions is obtained by linear interpolation. In each OFDM symbol, the slope and the initial value for establishing an interpolation function are estimated to adapt to the time variation of the channel. An accurate estimate of channel state information is used for the purpose of ICI cancellation. The simulation results show that the channel estimated by our proposed method can follow the real channel well, even in a very high Doppler frequency. The estimation method in terms of Mean Squared Error (MSE) significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The combination of our channel estimator with several interference cancelers provides a considerably better system performance than that ach ieved when frequency channel estimation is used.
Digital Communications and Networks 5 (2019) 94-101 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Digital Communications and Networksjournຫໍສະໝຸດ l homepage: /dcan
a Smart Mobility Research Department of ETR1, Daejeon, South Korea b School of Electronics and Telecommunicalions, HUST, Viet Nam c Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea d School of Information and Communication in KongJu National University, South Korea
A time-domain estimation method of rapidly time-varying channels for OFDM-based LTE-R systems
Jin-Kyu Choic, Van Due Nguyen b, Hai Nam Nguyen b, Van Vinh Duong b, Tien Hoa Nguyen b,*, Hanbyeog Cho a, Hyun-Kyun Choia, Seong-Gyoon Park d