高中英语试题解析高考英语书面表达分析指导(三)

2009年高考书面表达分析指导（三）

第三篇写初稿

要点列出后，就可以着手写初稿了。写作时，应考虑以下问题：

一、句子的正确性

正确性是句子最基本的要求，比如及物动词要接宾语，应接动名词的动词后不能接不定式，如admit 等。常见的句子错误有：

1. 结构不完整我们学过简单句的六种基本类型：

1. S+V（主语+谓动）；

2. S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语）;

3.S+V+0（主语+谓动+宾语）;

4. S+V+0i+0d（主语+谓动+间接宾语+直接宾语）;

5. S+V+O+Oc（主语+谓动+宾语+宾补）；

6. There be 句型。

结构不完整是指句子的成分残缺，不符合上述六种基本句型的要求。例如：

I ' d like to friends with you缺少动词，friends 前应力卩be 或make）

En glish is so i nteresti ng that I like very much. （like 为及物动词，后缺少宾语，应补上it）

He kn ocked the door quietly, so I did n （kno'ckt 为e不及物动词，不能直接

接宾语，需使用介词at）

The teacher expla ined us the senten ce. （explai 不能接双宾语，向某人解释某事”为explain to sb. sth. 或explain sth to sb.）

They supplied us some new computers. （suppl 不能接双宾语，为某人提供某

物”为supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to sb.）

2. 不合乎语法规则

正确的句子必须是合乎语法规范、无语法错误的句子，既要合乎词法，又要合乎句法。中学生常犯的词法错误有：名词数、格的错误;形容词、副词级别、词序错误;动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词错误等。例如：

You can find a lot of informations on the Internet. （information 为不可数名词，没有复数形式）

Which is the second longer river in China? （第二长的”应使用最高级，即the second longest）

He is eno ugh tall to pick the apples on the tree. （enoug 修饰形容词或畐寸词时应后置）

How many satellites did China send up so far?与so far连用应使用完成时）

My hometown grows cotton. （该句应使用被动语态，改为：Cotton is grown in my hometown.）

To have no money with me, I didn a c ny t hbinugy. （不定式作状语只能表示目

的，或与only连用表示意外的结果。此处表示原因，应使用现在分词，改为：Havi ng no money with me, …）

3. 不合乎逻辑句子的正确性还包括其应合乎逻辑，不能出现逻辑错误。例如：

China is larger than any country in Asia.

上句显然出现了逻辑错误，因为中国也属于亚洲国家之一，故应在any 后加other。又如：Seeing from the top of the tower, the city looks more beautiful.

seeing显然不是the city的动作，它们之间为被动关系，故应改为过去分词seen。

二、文章的时态

文章的时态定位应视情况而定，如日记、交通事故报告等，时态定位在过去范畴，多使用一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。若介绍日常情况，则定在现在范畴。若讲述未来的活动安排，则定位在将来。若是今昔对比，则涉及到过去和现在，就应视情况轮换使用这两种范畴的时态。

三、文章的段落或层次

一篇好的文章还应有一定的层次感，写作时可视情况适当分段。例如： (2008 年全国卷II 参考范文)

June 8, 2008 Dear Peter,

I 'm gdlato receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.

Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to learn fromthe teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.

Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you 'll leaanrdn remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.

Try and write me in Chinese next time.

Best wishes,

Li Hua

四、注意使用过渡性词语

过渡性词语好比我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂，运用得恰到好处可以起到润滑作用，从而使文章过渡自然、行文连贯；否则文章会显得生硬蹩脚、干涩无味。例如：

I get up at six. I wash my face and teeth. I have breakfast at half past six. I go to school at seven. I get to school at about twenty to eight.

这段文字读起来会让人感到干涩、乏味，且易产生疲劳感。但若适当添加一些过渡性词语，给人的感觉就会完全不同。试比较：

I get up at six. Then I wash my face and teeth.After that, I have my breakfast. I go to school at sevenand get thereat about twenty to eight.

再如2000 年书面表达范文，若去掉过渡性词语，请同学们读读看是什么滋味。

It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east. w(hen) An elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. (then) I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. (the nextmoment) The car hit the man. (while) He was crossing the road. He

fell with a cry. The car didn bu't) tdsrotovpe, o(ff at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864A. (bout two minutes later) I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.