2020届二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解第二讲 推理判断题 课件

[典例2] (2019·江苏卷，阅读C) Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries
has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries.This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities.The question ， however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages.I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
推断观点态度
1.推断作者观点态度 [典例3] (2019·北京卷，阅读C) The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺 诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late.By the time these “solutions” (解决方案) become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
38.How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?
A.Panicked.
B.Confused.
C.Embarrassed.
D.Disappointed.
答案 D [观点态度题。根据第一段的内容特别是“By the time...onto cleverer
62.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________. A.take people’s essential needs into account B.make their programmes attractive to people C.ensure that each child gets financial support D.provide more affordable internet facilities 答案 A [推理判断题。根据本段可知，作者认为与其给发展中国家的人们捐钱 买电脑及网络设备，倒不如买能切实提高人们生活水平的物品，言外之意，捐献 者应该把人们的基本需求考虑进来，故选A项。]
64.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy? A.Seek support beyond NYFC. B.Expand farmland conservation. C.Become members of NYFC. D.Invest more to improve technology. 答案 A [推断隐含意思题。根据文中的“We at the NYFC need broad support...all backgrounds”可知，除了需要NYFC的支持，农场主还需要获得其他的帮助。故选 A。]
二、干扰选项的特征 1.曲解文意。即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别，推理判断题中有些选项来自文
章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的字词设计出干扰项，看似 表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。 2.张冠李戴。为了起到干扰的效果，高考命题人常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴， 即通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到 其他情况。 3.颠倒是非。干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思 却与原文恰恰相反。
25.What does Hill say about Chinese women? A.They are setting the fashion. B.They start many fashion campaigns. C.They admire super models. D.They do business all over the world. 答案 A [观点态度题。根据本段中的“...Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.(……中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者 ——她们是这场运动的核心)”可以推断出，她们正在引领潮流，故选A项。]
第二讲 推理判断题
高考英语《考试大纲》指出，阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即理解作者所 要传达的信息。高考英语阅读理解试题命制形式多样，其中推理判断题属于高层次 的阅读理解题，解答此类题目要从整体上把握语篇内容，在理解语篇的表面意义与 隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理，透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。此类 题目在高考题中的数量所占比例较大，是高考阅读理解考查的重点，应引起考生的 重视。
解题技巧——关键词句细推敲 第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。 第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正 向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 [名师点津] 1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。 2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
4.无中生有。这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文 章中并无相关的信息支撑点。另外，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5.扩缩范围。为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意பைடு நூலகம்围的限定， 有时通过加上almost，all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词语对文意加 以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息 的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
推断隐含意思
[典例1] (2018·江苏卷，阅读C) There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm
economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
具体来说，针对不同的推理判断题，寻找线索时要使用不同的方法。
一、正确选项的特征 1.“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。 2.选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only，never，all，absolutely等。正确答案