最新2013年6月英语六级真题及答案-第三套(最新整理吐血整理)

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2013年6月英语六级真题及答案详解kj140224171249

2013年6月英语六级真题及答案Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. A) She has completely recovered.B) She went into shock after an operation.C) She is still in a critical condition.D) She is getting much better.12. A) Ordering a breakfast.B) Booking a hotel room.C) Buying a train ticket.D) Fixing a compartment.13. A) Most borrowers never returned the books to her.B) The man is the only one who brought her book back.C) She never expected anyone to return the books to her.D) Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.14. A) She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.B) She attended the supermarket’s grand opening ceremony.C) She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.D) She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.15. A) He is bothered by the pain in his neck.B) He cannot do his report without a computer.C) He cannot afford to have a coffee break.D) He feels sorry to have missed the report.16. A) Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.B) The gallery space is big enough for the man’s paintings.C) The woman would like to help with the exibition layout.D) The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.17. A) The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.B) The man works in the same department as the woman does.C) The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.D) The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.18. A) It was better than the previous one.B) It distorted the mayor’s speech.C) It exaggerated the city’s economy problems.D) It reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To inform him of a problem they face.B) To request him to purchase control desks.C) To discuss the content of a project report.D) To ask him to fix the dictating machine.20. A) They quote the best price in the market.B) They manufacture and sell office furniture.C) They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.D) They cannot produce the steel sheets needed21. A) By marking down the unit price.B) By accepting the penalty clauses.C) By allowing more time for delivery.D) By promising better after-sales service.22. A) Give the customer a ten percent discount.B) Claim compensation from the stool suppliers.C) Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.D) Cancel the contract with the customer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Stockbroker. C) Mathematician.B) Physicist. D) Economist.24. A) Improve computer programming.B) Predict global population growth.C) Explain certain natural phenomena.D) Promote national financial health.25. A) Their different educational backgrounds.B) Changing attitudes toward nature.C) Chaos theory and its applications.D) The current global economic crisis.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年6月大学英语六级真题和答案

2013年6月大学英语六级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "A smile is the shortest distance between two people." You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________注意：此部分试题在答题卡1Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Norman Borlaug: 'Father of the Green Revolution'Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the 'Green Revolution', who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize. Early Years"I'm a product of the great depression" is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectare (公顷) farm on which they grew wheat, maize (玉米) and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.Borlaug didn't have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph.D. in plant pathology (病理学) and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations. In Mexico In 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plantbreeding, plant pathology, entomology (昆虫学) , agronomy (农艺学) , soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain.Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain - a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944. Green Revolution in India During the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor (打谷场) , of jute (麻黄) bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, "India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage (土地面积) a mere 8 percent."It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the 'Green Revolution.' In AfricaAfrica suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up NormanBorlaug. now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, "but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, 'Let's just start growing'".The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug's projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug's initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum (高粱) and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel PrizeFor his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m., but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机) took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug said, "the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry."Green Revolution vs EnvironmentalistsBorlaug's advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms, including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainable farming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of fanning practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world.In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards "organic" or "sustainable" farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013.06英语六级真题(第3套)

T o t a l s c o r e710T o t a l t i m e a l l o w e d130m i n s 2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)P a r t I W r i t i n g(30m i n u t e s)D i r e c t i o n s:F o r t h i s p a r t,y o u a r e a l l o w e d30m i n u t e s t ow r i t e a n e s s a y c o m m e n t i n g o n t h e r e m a r kE a r t h p r o v i d e s e n o u g h t o s a t i s f y e v e r y m a n s n e e d.B u t n o t e v e r y m a n s g r e e d .Y o u c a n c i t e s o m e e x a m p l e s t o i l l u s t r a t e y o u r p o i n t.Y o u s h o u l dw r i t e a t l e a s t150w o r d s b u t n om o r e t h a n200w o r d s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答㊂P a r t I I L i s t e n i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(30m i n u t e s)说明:2013年6月大学英语六级考试,全国共考了两套听力㊂本套(即第3套)的听力真题与第2套的完全一样,只是选项的顺序不一样而已㊂故本套不再重复给出听力试题㊂P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(40m i n u t e s) S e c t i o nAD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,t h e r e i s a p a s s a g ew i t h t e n b l a n k s.Y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t o n ew o r d f o r e a c hb l a n k f r o m al i s to fc h o i c e s g i v e ni na w o r db a n k f o l l o w i n g t h e p a s s a g e.R e a dt h e p a s s a g et h r o u g hc a r e f u l l y b e f o r em a k i n gy o u r c h o i c e s.E a c h c h o i c e i n t h e b a n k i s ide n t if i e db y a l e t t e r.P l e a s em a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i ng l e t t e r f o r e a chi t e mo n A n s w e rS h e e t2w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.Y o um a y n o t u s e a n y o f t h ew o r d s i n t h e b a n km o r e t h a n o n c e.Q u e s t i o n s36t o45a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.T h e c o n t i n u o u s p r e s e n t a t i o no fs c a r y s t o r i e sa b o u t g l o b a lw a r m i n g i nt h e p o p u l a r m e d i a m a k e su s u n n e c e s s a r i l y f r i g h t e n e d.E v e nw o r s e,i t 36o u r k i d s.A lG o r e f a m o u s l y d e p i c t e dh o wa s e a-l e v e l r i s e o f20f e e tw o u l d a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y f l o o dF l o r i d a,N e w Y o r k.H o l l a n d,a n dS h a n g h a i,e v e nt h o u g ht h e U n i t e d N a t i o n ss a y st h a ts u c hat h i n g w i l ln o te v e n h a p p e n,37t h a t s e a l e v e l sw i l l r i s e20t i m e s l e s s t h a n t h a t.W h e n 38 w i t h t h e s e e x a g g e r a t i o n s,s o m e o f u s s a y t h a t t h e y a r e f o r a g o o d c a u s e,a n d s u r e l y t h e r e i s n oh a r md o n e i f t h e r e s u l t i s t h a tw e f o c u s e v e nm o r e o n t a c k l i n g c l i m a t e c h a n g e.T h i s 39 i sa s t o n i s h i n g l y w r o n g.S u c he x a g g e r a t i o n sd o p l e n t y o fh a r m.W o r r y i n g 40 a b o u t g l o b a lw a r m i n g m e a n s t h a tw ew o r r y l e s s a b o u t o t h e r t h i n g s,w h e r ew e c o u l dd o s om u c hm o r e g o o d.W e f o c u s,f o r e x a m p l e,o n g l o b a lw a r m i n g s i m p a c t o n m a l a r i a(疟疾) w h i c hw i l l p u t s l i g h t l y m o r e p e o p l e a t r i s k i n100y e a r s i n s t e a d o f t a c k l i n g t h e h a l f a b i l l i o n p e o p l e 41f r o m m a l a r i a t o d a y w i t h p r e v e n t i o n㊃1㊃a n d t r e a t m e n t p o l i c i e s t h a t a r em u c h c h e a p e r a n d d r a m a t i c a l l y m o r e 42 t h a n c a rb o n r e d uc t i o nw o u ld be .E x a g g e r a t i o na l s ow e a r s o u t t h e p u b l i c sw i l l i n g n e s s t o t a c k l e g l o b a l w a r m i n g.I f t h e p l a n e t i s 43 ,p e o p l ew o n d e r ,w h y d oa n y t h i n g ?Ar e c o r d54%o fA m e r i c a nv o t e r sn o w b e l i e v et h en e w sm e d i a m a k e g l o b a lw a r m i n g a p p e a rw o r s e t h a n i t r e a l l y i s .A 44 o f p e o p l e n o wb e l i e v e i n c o r r e c t l y t h a t g l o b a l w a r m i n gi s n o t e v e n .B u t t h ew o r s t c o s t o f e x a g g e r a t i o n ,I b e l i e v e ,i s t h e 45 a l a r mt h a t i t c a u s e s p a r t i c u l a r l y a m o n g c h i l d r e n .A na r t i c l e i n T h eW a s h i n g t o nP o s t c i t e dn i n e -y e a r -o l dA l y s s a ,w h o c r i e s a b o u t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f m a s s a n i m a l e x t i n c t i o n f r o m g l o b a lw a r m i n g .注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂A )p r e v a l e n t l yB )t e r r i f i e sC )e s t i m a t i n gD )m a j o r i t yE )e f f e c t i v e F )r i g o r o u s G )e x c e s s i v e l y H )m o r a l i t y I )s u f f e r i n gJ )c o n f r o n t e d K )q u a n t i t yL )d o o m e dM )u n n e c e s s a r yN )s u p pr e s s e s O )a r gu m e n t S e c t i o nBD i r e c t i o n s :I nt h i ss e c t i o n ,y o ua r e g o i n g t or e a d a p a s s a ge w i t ht e ns t a t e m e n t sa t t a c h e dt oi t .E a c h s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n s i nf o r m a t i o ng i v e n i n o n e o f th e p a r a g r a p h s .I d e n ti f y t h e p a r a g r a p h f r o m w h i c h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s d e r i v e d .Y o um a y c h o o s e a p a r a g r a p hm o r e t h a n o n c e .E a c h p a r a g r a p h i sm a r k e dw i t ha l e t t e r .A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b y m a r k i n g t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g le t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2.AN a t i o nT h a t sL o s i n g It s T o o l b o x [A ]T h e s c e n e i n s i d e t h eH o m eD e p o t o nW e ym a nA v e n u e h e r ew o u l d g i v e t h e o l d -t i m eA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n p a u s e .I nA i s l e 34i s p r e c u t p l a s t i c f l o o r i n g ,t h e g l u ea l r e a d y in p l a c e .I n A i s l e26a r e p r e f a b r i c a t e d w i n d o w s .S t a c k e d n e a r t h e c h e c k o u t c o u n t e r s ,a n d a s c o l o r f u l a s a F i s h e r -P r i c e t o y,i s a n o t -s o -s e r i o u s -l o o k i n gp o w e rt o o l :ab a t t e r y -o pe r a t e ds a w -a n d -d r i l lc o m b i n a t i o n .A n dif y o ud o n tw a n tt od oi t y o u r s e l f ,h e a d t oA i s l e 23o rA i s l e 35,w h e r e ah e l p d e s kw i l l a r r a n ge f o r a n i n s t a l l e r .[B ]I t s a l l v e r y h a n d y s t u f f ,I g u e s s ,a c o n v e n i e n tw a y t ob e a d o -i t -y o u r s e l f e rw i t h o u t b e i n g al l t h a t g o o d w i t h t o o l s .B u t a t a t i m ew h e n t h eA m e r i c a n f a c t o r y s e e m s t o b e a s h r i n k i n g pr e s e n c e ,a n dw h e n g o o d m a n u f a c t u r i n g j o b s h a v e v a n i s h e d ,p e r h a p s n e v e r t o r e t u r n ,t h e r e i s s o m e t h i n g d e e p l y t r o u b l i n g ab o u t t h i s d i l u t i o no fA m e r ic a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p.[C ]T h i s i s n t a l a m e n t (伤感) o rn o tm e r e l y a l a m e n t f o rb y go n e t i m e s .I t sas o c i a l a n dc u l t u r a l i s s u e ,a sw e l l a s a n e c o n o m i c o n e .T h eH o m eD e p o t a p p r o a c h t o c r a f t s m a n s h i p s i m p l i f y i t ,d u m b i t d o w n ,h i r e a c o n t r a c t o r i s o n e s i g n a l t h a tm a s t e r i n g t o o l s a n dw o r k i n g w i t ho n e s h a n d s i s r e c e d i n gi nA m e r i c a a s ah o b b y ,a s av a l u e ds k i l l ,a s ac u l t u r a l i n f l u e n c e t h a t s h a p e d t h i n k i n g a n db e h a v i o r i n v a s t s e c t i o n s o f t h e c o u n t r y.[D ]T h a t s h o u l db e am a t t e r o f c o n c e r n i n a p r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t i o n y e a r .Y e t n e i t h e rB a r a c kO b a m an o rM i t tR o m n e yp r o m o t e s h i m s e l f a s t o o l -s a v v y (使用工具很在行的)p r e s i d e n t i a l t i m b e r ,i nt h em o l do fa J i m m y C a r t e r ,a s k i l l e d c a r pe n t e r a n d c a b i n e tm a k e r .[E ]T h eO b a m a a d m i n i s t r a t i o nd o e sw o r r yp u b l i c l y a b o u tm a n uf a c t u r i ng ,a f i r s t c o u s i no f c r a f t s m a n shi p.W h e n t h eF o r dM o t o r C o m p a n y ,f o r e x a m p l e ,r e c e n t l y a n n o u n c e d t h a t i tw a s b r i n g i n gs o m e p r o d u c t i o n h o m e ,t h eW h i t eH o u s e c h e e r e d . W h e n y o u s e e t h i n g s l i k eF o r dm o v i n g n e w p r o d u c t i o n f r o m M e x i c o t oD e t r o i t ,i n s t e a do f t h eo t h e rw a y a r o u n d ,y o uk n o wt h i n g sa r ec h a n g i n g , s a y sG e n eS p e r l i n g,㊃2㊃d i re c t o r of t h eN a t i o n a l E c o n o m i cC o u n c i l.[F]A s k t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o no r t h eR e p u b l i c a n s o rm o s t a c a d e m i c sw h y A m e r i c a n e e d sm o r em a n u f a c t u r i n g, a n dt h e y r e s p o n d t h a t m a n u f a c t u r i n g g i v e s b i r t h t oi n n o v a t i o n,b r i n g s d o w n t h et r a d e d e f i c i t, s t r e n g t h e n s t h e d o l l a r,g e n e r a t e s j o b s,a r m s t h em i l i t a r y a n db r i n g s a b o u t a r e c o v e r y f r o mr e c e s s i o n.B u t r a r e l y,i fe v e r,d ot h e yp u b l i c l y t a k et h ea r g u m e n tas t e p f u r t h e r,a s s e r t i n g t h a ta g r o w i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e c t o r e n c o u r a g e s c r a f t s m a n s h i p a n dt h a t c r a f t s m a n s h i p i s,i fn o t ab i r t h r i g h t,t h e na v i t a l i n g r e d i e n t o f t h eA m e r i c a n s e l f-i m a g e a s a c a n-d o,i n v e n t i v e,w e-c a n-m a k e-a n y t h i n gp e o p l e.[G]T r a d i t i o n a lv o c a t i o n a l t r a i n i n g i n p u b l i ch i g hs c h o o l s i s g r a d u a l l y d e c l i n i n g,s t r a n d i n g t h o u s a n d so f y o u n gp e o p l ew h o s e e k t r a i n i n g f o r a c r a f tw i t h o u t g o i n g t o c o l l e g e.C o l l e g e s,f o r t h e i r p a r t,h a v e s i n c e 1985g r a d u a t e d f e w e r c h e m i c a l,m e c h a n i c a l,i n d u s t r i a l a n d m e t a l l u r g i c a l(冶金的)e n g i n e e r s,p a r t l y i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e r e d u c e d r o l e o fm a n u f a c t u r i n g,ab i g e m p l o y e r o f t h e m.[H]T h e d e c l i n e s t a r t e d i n t h e1950s,w h e nm a n u f a c t u r i n g g e n e r a t e d a s t u r d y28%o f t h e n a t i o n a l i n c o m e, o r g r o s s d o m e s t i c p r o d u c t,a n d e m p l o y e do n e-t h i r do f t h ew o r k f o r c e.T o d a y,f a c t o r y o u t p u t g e n e r a t e s j u s t12%o fG.D.P.a n d e m p l o y s b a r e l y9%o f t h e n a t i o n sw o r k e r s.M a s s l a y o f f s a n d p l a n t c l o s i n g s h a v ed r a w n p l e n t y o f h e a d l i n e s a n d p u b l i c d e b a t e o v e r t h e y e a r s,a n d t h e y s t i l l o c c a s i o n a l l y d o.B u t t h e d a m a g e t o s k i l l a n d c r a f t s m a n s h i p t h a t sn e e d e dt ob u i l dac o m p l e xa i r l i n e ro ra t r a c t o r,o r f o ra w o r k e r t om o v eu p f r o ma s s e m b l e r t om a c h i n i s t t o s u p e r v i s o r w e n t l a r g e l y u n n o t i c e d.[I] I na ne a r l i e r g e n e r a t i o n,w e l o s t o u r c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e l a n d,a n dn o w w e a r e l o s i n g o u r c o n n e c t i o n t o t h em a c h i n e r y w ed e p e n do n, s a y s M i c h a e l H o u t,as o c i o l o g i s ta tt h e U n i v e r s i t y o fC a l i f o r n i a, B e r k e l e y. P e o p l ew h o w o r k w i t ht h e i rh a n d s, h e w e n to n, a r ed o i n g t h i n g st o d a y t h a tw ec a l l s e r v i c e j o b s,i n r e s t a u r a n t s a n d l a u n d r i e s,o r i nm e d i c a l t e c h n o l o g y a n d t h e l i k e.[J]T h a t s o n e e x p l a n a t i o n f o r t h e d e c l i n e i n t r a d i t i o n a l c r a f t s m a n s h i p.L a c k o f i n t e r e s t i s a n o t h e r.T h e b i g m o n e y i s i nf i e l d s l i k ef i n a n c e.S t a r t i n g i nt h e1980s,s k i l l i nf i n a n c e g r e wi ni m p o r t a n c e,a n d,a s d e p i c t e d i n t h en e w sm e d i a a n d t h em o v i e s,b e c a m e am o r e a p p e a l i n g s o u r c e o f i n c o m e. [K]B y l a s t y e a r,W a l lS t r e e t t r a d e r s,b a n k e r sa n dt h o s ew h od e a l i nr e a l e s t a t e g e n e r a t e d21%o f t h e n a t i o n a l i n c o m e,d o u b l et h e i rs h a r e i nt h e1950s.A n d W a r r e nB u f f e t t,t h e g o o d-n a t u r e df i n a n c i e r, b e c a m e ah o m e s p u nf o l kh e r o,w i t h o u tt h et o o l sa n d o v e r a l l s(工作服). Y o u n gp e o p l e g r o w u p w i t h o u t d e v e l o p i n g t h es k i l l st of i xt h i n g sa r o u n dt h eh o u s e, s a y sR i c h a r dC u r t i n,d i r e c t o ro f t h e T h o m s o nR e u t e r s/U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a nS u r v e y so fC o n s u m e r s. T h e y k n o wa b o u tc o m p u t e r s,o f c o u r s e,b u t t h e y d o n t k n o wh o wt ob u i l d t h e m.[L]M a n u f a c t u r i n g ss h r i n k i n gp r e s e n c eu n d o u b t e d l y h e l p se x p l a i nt h ed e c l i n e i nc r a f t s m a n s h i p,i fo n l y b e c a u s em a n y o f t h e n a t i o n s a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k e r sw e r e s k i l l e d i n c r a f tw o r k,i f n o t o n t h e j o b t h e n i n t h e i r s p a r e t i m e.I n a l a t e1990s s t u d y o f b l u e-c o l l a r e m p l o y e e s a t aG e n e r a lM o t o r s p l a n t(n o wc l o s e d) i nL i n d e n,N.J.,t h e s o c i o l o g i s tR u t h M i l k m a no fC i t y U n i v e r s i t y o fN e w Y o r k f o u n d t h a tm a n y l i n e w o r k e r s,i n t h e i r o f f-h o u r s,d i dh o m e r e n o v a t i o n a n d o t h e r s k i l l e dw o r k. I h a v e o f t e n t h o u g h t, M s. M i l k m a ns a y s, t h a t t h e s e e x t r a c u r r i c u l a r j o b sw e r e a n e f f o r t o n t h e p a r t o f t h ew o r k e r s t o r e g a i n t h e i r d i g n i t y a f t e r s u f f e r i n g t h e d e g r a d a t i o no f r e p e t i t i v e a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k i n t h e f a c t o r y. [M]C r a f t w o r k h a sh i g h e rs t a t u si n n a t i o n sl i k e G e r m a n y,w h i c hi n v e s t si n a p p r e n t i c e s h i p(学徒) p r o g r a m s f o r h i g h s c h o o l s t u d e n t s. C o r p o r a t i o n s i nG e r m a n y r e a l i z e d t h a t t h e r ew a s a n i n t e r e s t t ob e s e r v e d e c o n o m i c a l l y a n d p a t r i o t i c a l l y i nb u i l d i n g u p as k i l l e d l a b o r f o r c ea th o m e;w en e v e rh a dt h a t e t h o s(风气), s a y sR i c h a r dS e n n e t t,aN e w Y o r k U n i v e r s i t y s o c i o l o g i s tw h oh a sw r i t t e na b o u t t h e㊃3㊃c o n n e c t i o no f c r a f t a nd c u l t u r e.[N]T h e d a m a g e t oA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p s e e m s t o p a r a l l e l t h e s t e e p s l i d e i nm a n u f a c t u r i n g e m p l o y m e n t. T h o u g h t h e d e c l i n e s t a r t e d i n t h e1970s,i t b e c a m em u c h s t e e p e r b e g i n n i n g i n2000.S i n c e t h e n,s o m e 5.3m i l l i o n j o b s,o r o n e-t h i r do f t h ew o r k f o r c e i nm a n u f a c t u r i n g,h a v eb e e n l o s t.As t a t e d g o a l o f t h e O b a m a a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s t o r e s t o r e ab i g c h u n ko f t h i s e m p l o y m e n t,a l o n g w i t h t h em u l t i t u d eo f s k i l l s t h a tm a n y o f t h e j o b s r e q u i r e d.[O]A s f o r c r a f t s m a n s h i p i t s e l f,t h e i s s u e i s h o wt o p r e s e r v e i t a s av a l u e ds k i l l i n t h e g e n e r a l p o p u l a t i o n. M s.M i l k m a n,t h es o c i o l o g i s t,a r g u e s t h a tA m e r i c a nc r a f t s m a n s h i p i s n td i s a p p e a r i n g a s q u i c k l y a s s o m ew o u l da r g u e t h a t i th a si n s t e a ds h i f t e dt oi m m i g r a n t s. P r i d ei nc r a f t,i t i sa l i v ei nt h e i m m i g r a n tw o r l d, s h e s a y s.[P]S o lA x e l r o d,37,t h e m a n a g e ro ft h e H o m e D e p o th e r e,f i t t i n g l y l e a r n e dt of i xh i so w nc a ra sa t e e n a g e r,e v e n c h a n g i n g t h eb r a k e s.N o wh e f i n d s i m m i g r a n t c r a f t s m e n g a t h e r e d i n a b u n d a n c e o u t s i d e h i s s t o r e i n t h e e a r l y m o r n i n g,w a i t i n g f o r i t t oo p e ns o t h e y c a nb u y s u p p l i e s f o r t h ed a y sw o r ka s c o n t r a c t o r s.S k i l l e dd a y l a b o r e r s,a l s om o s t l y i m m i g r a n t s,w a i t q u i e t l y i nh o p e s o f b e i n g h i r e db y t h e c o n t r a c t o r s.[Q]M r.A x e l r o da l s os a y s t h e r e c e s s i o na n d p e r s i s t e n t l y h i g hu n e m p l o y m e n th a v e f o r c e dm a n yp e o p l e t o t r y t o s a v em o n e y b y d o i n g m o r e t h e m s e l v e s,a n dH o m eD e p o t i n r e s p o n s e o f f e r s c l a s s e s i n f i x i n g w a t e r t a p s a n do t h e r s i m p l e r e p a i r s.T h e t e a c h e r s a r e s t o r e e m p l o y e e s,m a n y o f t h e mo l d e r a n d s e m i-r e t i r e d f r o ma s k i l l e d t r a d e,o r l a i do f f.[R] O u r c u s t o m e r sm a y n o t b eb u i l d i n g c a b i n e t s o r o u t d o o r d e c k s;w e t r y t od o t h a t f o r t h e m, M r.A x e l r o d s a y s, b u t s o m e a r e t r y i n g t o b u i l du p s k i l l s o t h e y c a nd om o r e f o r t h e m s e l v e s i n t h e s e h a r d t i m e s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂46.T h e a u t h o r b e l i e v e s t h a tm a n u f a c t u r i n g e n c o u r a g e s c r a f t s m a n s h i p.47.T h e a u t h o r f e l t t r o u b l e d a b o u t t h ew e a k e n i n g o fA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p.48.M a s t e r i n g t o o l s a n dw o r k i n g w i t ho n e s h a n d s s h a p e s p e o p l e s t h i n k i n g a n db e h a v i o r.49.A m e r i c a sm a n u f a c t u r i n g i n t h e1950s c o n s t i t u t e d28%o f t h e g r o s s d o m e s t i c p r o d u c t.50.T h e g o v e r n m e n tw e l c o m e d s o m e c o m p a n i e s d e c i s i o n t ob r i n g s o m e p r o d u c t i o nb a c k t oA m e r i c a.51.A s o c i o l o g i s tb e l i e v e st h a t A m e r i c a nc r a f t s m a n s h i p,i n s t e a do fd i s a p p e a r i n g,i sb e i n g t a k e nu p b yi m m i g r a n t s.52.A c c o r d i n g t o am a n a g e r o fH o m eD e p o t,p e o p l e a r e t r y i n g r i d e o u t t h e r e c e s s i o nb y b u i l d i n g u p s k i l l s.53.M a n y a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k e r sd i dh o m e r e n o v a t i o na n do t h e r s k i l l e dw o r k i nt h e i ro f f-h o u r s i no r d e r t o r e g a i n t h e i r d i g n i t y.54.P e o p l e c a ne a r nm o r em o n e y i nf i e l d so t h e r t h a n m a n u f a c t u r i n g,w h i c h i sa f a c t o r c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h ed e c l i n e i n t r a d i t i o n a l c r a f t s m a n s h i p.55.C o m p a r e dw i t h t h a t i nA m e r i c a,t h e s t a t u s o f c r a f tw o r k i n s o m e c o u n t r i e s i s h i g h e r b e c a u s e c r a f tw o r ki s e n c o u r a g e d a m o n g h i g hs c h o o l s t u d e n t s.S e c t i o nCD i r e c t i o n s:T h e r e a r e2p a s s a g e s i n t h i s s e c t i o n.E a c h p a s s a g e i s f o l l o w e d b y s o m e q u e s t i o n s o r u n f i n i s h e d s t a t e m e n t s.F o r e a c h o f t h e mt h e r e a r e f o u r c h o i c e sm a r k e dA),B),C)a n dD).Y o u s h o u l dd e c i d e o n t h e b e s t c h o i c e a n dm a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t2w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.㊃4㊃P a s s a g e o n eQ u e s t i o n s56t o60a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.T h e r e p o r t f r o mt h eB u r e a uo fL a b o rS t a t i s t i c sw a s j u s t a s g l o o m y a sa n t i c i p a t e d.U n e m p l o y m e n t i n J a n u a r y j u m p e d t o a16-y e a rh i g ho f7.6p e r c e n t,a s598,000j o b sw e r es l a s h e df r o m U S p a y r o l l s i nt h e w o r s t s i n g l e-m o n t hd e c l i n es i n c eD e c e m b e r,1974.W i t h1.8m i l l i o n j o b s l o s t i nt h e l a s t t h r e e m o n t h s, t h e r e i s u r g e n t d e s i r e t o b o o s t t h e e c o n o m y a s q u i c k l y a s p o s s i b l e.B u tW a s h i n g t o nw o u l d d ow e l l t o t a k e a d e e p b r e a t hb e f o r e r e a c t i n g t o t h e g r i mn u m b e r s.C o l l e c t i v e l y,w e r e l y o n t h eu n e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e sa n do t h e r s t a t i s t i c s t o f r a m eo u r s e n s eo f r e a l i t y. T h e y a r e a v i t a l p a r t o f a n a r r a y o f d a t a t h a tw e u s e t o a s s e s s i fw e r e d o i n g w e l l o r d o i n g b a d l y,a n d t h a t i n t u r n s h a p e s g o v e r n m e n t p o l i c i e s a n d c o r p o r a t eb u d g e t s a n d p e r s o n a l s p e n d i n g d e c i s i o n s.T h e p r o b l e mi s t h a tt h e s t a t i s t i c s a r e n t a n o b j e c t i v e m e a s u r e o fr e a l i t y;t h e y a r e s i m p l y a b e s t a p p r o x i m a t i o n.D i r e c t i o n a l l y,t h e y c a p t u r e t h e t r e n d s,b u t t h e i d e a t h a tw e k n o w p r e c i s e l y h o w m a n y a r e u n e m p l o y e d i s a m y t h.T h a tm a k e s f i n d i n g a s o l u t i o na l l t h em o r e d i f f i c u l t.F i r s t,t h e r e i st h e w a y t h ed a t ai sa s s e m b l e d.T h eo f f i c i a lu n e m p l o y m e n tr a t e i st h e p r o d u c to fa t e l e p h o n e s u r v e y o f a b o u t60,000h o m e s.T h e r e i s a n o t h e r s u r v e y,s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d t oa s t h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y, t h a t a s s e s s e s400,000b u s i n e s s e s b a s e do n t h e i r r e p o r t e d p a y r o l l s.B o t hs u r v e y sh a v e p r o b l e m s. T h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y c a ne a s i l y d o u b l e-c o u n t s o m e o n e:i f y o ua r e o n e p e r s o nw i t h t w o j o b s,y o u s h o wu p a s t w ow o r k e r s.T h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y a l s o d o e s n t c a p t u r e t h e n u m b e r o f s e l f-e m p l o y e d,a n d s o s a y s l i t t l e a b o u t h o w m a n yp e o p l e a r e g e n e r a t i n g a n i n d e p e n d e n t i n c o m e.T h e h o u s e h o l d s u r v e y h a s a l a r g e r p r o b l e m.W h e n a s k e d s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d l y,p e o p l e t e n d t o l i e o r s h a d e t h e t r u t h w h e nt h es u b j e c t i ss e x,m o n e y o re m p l o y m e n t.I f y o u g e tac a l la n da r ea s k e di f y o u r e e m p l o y e d,a n d y o u s a yy e s,y o u r ee m p l o y e d.I f y o us a y n o,h o w e v e r,i tm a y s u r p r i s e y o u t o l e a r n t h a t y o ua r e o n l y u n e m p l o y e d i f y o u v eb e e na c t i v e l y l o o k i n g f o rw o r k i n t h e p a s t f o u rw e e k s;o t h e r w i s e,y o u a r e m a r g i n a l l y a t t a c h e d t o t h e l a b o r f o r c e a n dn o t a c t u a l l y u n e m p l o y e d.T h eu r g e t o q u a n t i f y i se m b e d d e d i no u rs o c i e t y.B u t t h e i d e at h a t s t a t i s t i c i a n sc a nt h e nc a p t u r ea n o b j e c t i v e r e a l i t y i s n t j u s t i m p o s s i b l e.I t a l s o l e a d s t os e r i o u sm i s j u d g m e n t s.D e m o c r a t sa n dR e p u b l i c a n s c a na n dw i l l t a k es i d e so nan u m b e ro f i s s u e s,b u ta m o r ec r u c i a l c o n c e r n i s t h a tb o t ha r eb a s i n g m a j o r p o l i c y d e c i s i o n s o n g u e s s t i m a t e s r a t h e r t h a n l o o k i n g a t t h e v a s tw e a l t h o f r a wd a t aw i t h a c r i t i c a l e y e a n d a n o p e nm i n d.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂56.W h a t d ow e l e a r n f r o mt h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h?A)T h eU Se c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n i s g o i n g f r o mb a d t ow o r s e.B)W a s h i n g t o n i s t a k i n g d r a s t i cm e a s u r e s t o p r o v i d em o r e j o b s.C)T h eU S g o v e r n m e n t i s s l a s h i n g m o r e j o b s f r o mi t s p a y r o l l s.D)T h e r e c e n t e c o n o m i c c r i s i s h a s t a k e n t h eU Sb y s u r p r i s e.57.W h a t d o e s t h e a u t h o r t h i n ko f t h eu n e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e s a n do t h e r s t a t i s t i c s?A)T h e y f o r ma s o l i db a s i s f o r p o l i c y m a k i n g.B)T h e y r e p r e s e n t t h e c u r r e n t s i t u a t i o n.C)T h e y s i g n a l f u t u r e e c o n o m i c t r e n d s.D)T h e y d on o t f u l l y r e f l e c t t h e r e a l i t y.58.O n e p r o b l e m w i t h t h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y i s t h a t.A)i t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e a l l t h eb u s i n e s s e s B)i t f a i l s t o c o u n t i n t h e s e l f-e m p l o y e d㊃5㊃C)i tm a g n i f i e s t h en u m b e r o f t h e j o b l e s s D)i t d o e s n o t t r e a t a l l c o m p a n i e s e q u a l l y59.T h eh o u s e h o l d s u r v e y c a nb e f a u l t y i n t h a t.A)p e o p l e t e n d t o l i ew h e n t a l k i n g o n t h e p h o n eB)n o t e v e r y b o d y i sw i l l i n g o r r e a d y t o r e s p o n dC)s o m e p e o p l ew o n t p r o v i d e t r u t h f u l i n f o r m a t i o nD)t h e d e f i n i t i o no f u n e m p l o y m e n t i s t o ob r o a d60.A t t h e e n do f t h e p a s s a g e,t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t.A)s t a t i s t i c i a n s i m p r o v e t h e i r d a t a a s s e m b l i n g m e t h o d sB)d e c i s i o nm a k e r s v i e wt h e s t a t i s t i c sw i t ha c r i t i c a l e y eC)p o l i t i c i a n s l i s t e nm o r eb e f o r em a k i n gp o l i c y d e c i s i o n sD)D e m o c r a t s a n dR e p u b l i c a n s c o o p e r a t e o n c r u c i a l i s s u e sP a s s a g eT w oQ u e s t i o n s61t o65a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.A t s o m e p o i n t i n2008,s o m e o n e,p r o b a b l y i ne i t h e rA s i ao rA f r i c a,m a d e t h ed e c i s i o n t om o v e f r o m t h e c o u n t r y s i d e t o t h e c i t y.T h i sn a m e l e s s p e r s o n p u s h e d t h eh u m a nr a c eo v e r ah i s t o r i c t h r e s h o l d,f o r i t w a s i n t h a t y e a r t h a tm a n k i n db e c a m e,f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n i t s h i s t o r y,a p r e d o m i n a n t l y u r b a n s p e c i e s.I t i s a t r e n d t h a t s h o w s n o s i g n o f s l o w i n g.D e m o g r a p h e r s(人口统计学者)r e c k o n t h a t t h r e e-q u a r t e r s o f h u m a n i t y c o u l db e c i t y-d w e l l i n g b y2050,w i t hm o s t o f t h e i n c r e a s e c o m i n g i n t h e f a s t-g r o w i n g t o w n s o f A s i aa n dA f r i c a.M i g r a n t s t oc i t i e s a r e a t t r a c t e db yp l e n t i f u l j o b s,a c c e s s t oh o s p i t a l s a n de d u c a t i o n,a n d t h e a b i l i t y t o e s c a p e t h eb o r e d o m o f a f a r m e r sa g r i c u l t u r a l l i f e.T h o s e f a c t o r sa r em o r e t h a ne n o u g ht o m a k eu p f o r t h e s q u a l o r(肮脏),d i s e a s ea n ds p e c t a c u l a r p o v e r t y t h a t t h o s es a m em i g r a n t sm u s t o f t e na t f i r s t e n d u r ew h e n t h e y b e c o m eu r b a nd w e l l e r s.I t i s t h e c i t y t h a t i n s p i r e s t h e l a t e s t b o o k f r o mP e t e r S m i t h.H i sm a i n t h e s i s i s t h a t t h e b u z z o f u r b a n l i f e,a n d t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s i t o f f e r s f o r c o-o p e r a t i o na n dc o l l a b o r a t i o n,i sw h a t a t t r a c t s p e o p l e t o t h e c i t y, w h i c h i nt u r n m a k e sc i t i e si n t ot h ee n g i n e so fa r t,c o m m e r c e,s c i e n c ea n d p r o g r e s s.T h i si sh a r d l y r e v o l u t i o n a r y,b u t i t i s p r e s e n t e d i n a c h a r m i n g f o r m a t.M r.S m i t hh a sw r i t t e n a b r e e z y g u i d e b o o k,w i t h a s e r i e s o f s h o r t c h a p t e r s d e d i c a t e d t o s p e c i f i c a s p e c t s o f u r b a n i t y p a r k s,s a y,o r t h e v a r i o u s s c h e m e s t h a t h a v eb e e n p u t f o r w a r do v e r t h e y e a r s f o rb u i l d i n g t h e p e r f e c tc i t y.T h er e s u l t i sas o r to fh i g h-q u a l i t y, u n u s u a l l y r i g o r o u s c o f f e e-t a b l eb o o k,d e s i g n e d t ob e d i p p e d i n t o r a t h e r t h a n r e a d f r o mb e g i n n i n g t o e n d.I nt h ec h a p t e ro n s k y s c r a p e r s,f o re x a m p l e,M r.S m i t ht o u c h e s o n c o n s t r u c t i o n m e t h o d s,t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y i n v e n t i o no f t h e a u t o m a t i c l i f t,t h e p r a c t i c a l i t i e s o f l i v i n g i n t h e s k y a n d t h e l i k e l i h o o d t h a t,a sc i t i e s b e c o m e m o r ec r o wde d,a p a r t m e n tl i v i n g w i l lb e c o m et h en o r m.B u tt h e r ei sa l s ot i m ef o rb r i e fd i ve r s i o n s o n t ob i z a r r e g r o u n d,s u c ha sad i s c u s s i o nof t h es k y s c r a p e r i n d e x(w h i c hh o l d s t h a t ab o o mi n s k y s c r a p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n i s a f o o l p r o o f s ig no f a n i m m i n e n t r e c e s s i o n).O n eo b v i o u s c r i t i c i s mi s t h a t t h e p r i c e o f b r e a d t h i s d e p t h;m a n y o fM r.S m i t h s e s s a y s r a i s e a sm a n y q u e s t i o n s a s t h e y a n s w e r.A l t h o u g h t h a t c a n i n d e e d b e f r u s t r a t i n g,t h i s i s p r o b a b l y t h e o n l y w a y t o t r e a t s o g r a n da t o p i c.T h e c i t y i s t h e b u i l d i n g b l o c ko f c i v i l i s a t i o n a n d o f a l m o s t e v e r y t h i n g p e o p l e d o;a g u i d e b o o k t o t h e c i t y i s r e a l l y,t h e r e f o r e,a g u i d e b o o k t oh o wa l a r g e a n d e v e r-g r o w i n g c h u n ko f h u m a n i t y c h o o s e s t o l i v e.M r.S m i t h sb o o ks e r v e sa sa ne x c e l l e n t i n t r o d u c t i o nt oav a s t s u b j e c t,a n dw i l l s u g g e s t p l e n t y o f f u r t h e r l i n e s o f i n q u i r y.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂㊃6㊃。

2013年6月六级考试真题答案解析(第三套)

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解PartⅠWriting1、审题:本篇为评论性的话题作文。

题目中要求评论的“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed”这句话出自圣雄甘地（Mahatma Gandhi)之口，是甘地生态世界观的体现。

地球一直是哺育生于斯的人类的最无私的母亲，为人类提供着各种生存和生活所需。

然而，随着科技进步、人口数量的激增，人类对地球的抢夺也越来越严重。

常言道：欲壑难填，而资源有限。

寻找合适的方式，维持人与地球及其资源之间的和谐关系，已是人类必须认真思考、快速行动的当务之急。

出题人似乎也是鉴于当前由于人类对自然界无穷无尽的索取，导致各种自然灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭等问题，借这个题目引发思考和更多关注。

考生可以从不同角度对这一主题进行阐释：可以先描述当前灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭等现状，引出主题，然后分析产生这些现象的人为因素（只追求GDP,不保护资源；人口激增，资源消耗，浪费更大；追求利益，盲目、过度开采等），最后发出呼吁；或者也可以先简述当前人与地球的关系（人们为了满足自己的贪欲，向地球无止境地索取，造成一系列问题），然后陈述人类积极协调自身利益与地球之间关系的意义，最后提出一两点建议结束全文。

2、写作思路：第一段：描述人类欲望膨胀带来的问题，如灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭，指出地球现状值得人们高度关注。

第二段：分析产生上述各种现象的原因，如只追求GDP而不保护资源；人口激增，资源的消耗和浪费更大；为求利益而盲目、过度开采等。

第三段：总结，指出人类应该控制自己的贪婪欲望，如此才能在地球上世代生存。

Time to Shake off Greed and Heal the EarthEarth,as has always been regarded as mother to human beings,has fallen ill with the symptoms of the frequent eruption of natural disasters,the extinction of wild animals and the exhaustion of natural resources.And the situation illustrated should arouse great attention of all human beings.As a matter of fact,blinded by greed,human beings have great responsibility for the present situation we confront with.To start with,human beings are so economy-oriented that they ignore the protection of the environment.Then,population in the planet has experienced great booming,which makes more and more resources needed and exhausted,and in turn threatens to end human life.Finally,human beings excessively exploit and abuse non-renewable energy and resources just for the expanding of their own benefits,which will only lead to the darkness of future for their offspring.Since the vista of the human’s greed towards the Mother Earth is so terrible that we should stop the unreasonable exploitation of the earth.Let’s shake off greed and heal the earth,and build a better home for ourselves and for our later generations.PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A答案详解：36、C)。

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解Part ⅠWritingThe Impact of the Information ExplosionAs is known to us all, we are now living in the age of “information explosion”. That is, we are surrounded by much information. It is true that information explosion brings convenience to our life, but it also leads to the distraction of our attention.Just as the famous saying goes, “A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention.” .For example, there are so many advertisements on the Internet that we are easily distracted by the irrelevant information of the target website. In addition, the information itself is of various kinds, either healthy or violent. The bad information may even arouse violent crimes.Therefore, it is high time we adopted proper methods to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information. For one thing, we can make a list of key words about what we will search on the Internet. For another, we can set a time limit for the search of the target information. Thus, the search is more effective and time is saved greatly at the same time.PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A答案详解：36、H)。

2013年6月四级真题+答案+详解

2013年6月四级真题听力原文Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today. M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week. M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything. Q: What doesthe man imply about Pam?15W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another tw enty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?长对话1Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jo nes. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job? M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers. W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be i nformed about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？长对话2Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.M: I'm fine. The city is very hot this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.W: What's that Paul?M: They say they look beautiful.W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.M: Oh?W: Oh, don't worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that was still in business.W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager ——you!M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date.We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we learn about Lisa?24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?25. What does the man say about his company?Section BPassage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean the 72 foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig in plot, five flats of flowers. They also took terms in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and is spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Treesand flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?29. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to complete.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 2According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over half teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over 26% are interested in non-fiction, such history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week? Passage 2【总评】本篇文章以阅读调查报告为话题，贴近生活，容易理解。

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(完整版)真题+听力原文+答案详解

2013年6月英语六级考试真题及答案(完整版)Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

点击进入：2013年6月英语六级听力mp3及下载11. A) She has completely recovered.B) She went into shock after an operation.C) She is still in a critical condition.D) She is getting much better.12. A) Ordering a breakfast.C) Buying a train ticket.B) Booking a hotel room.D) Fixing a compartment.13. A) Most borrowers never returned the books to her.B) The man is the only one who brought her book back.C) She never expected anyone to return the books to her.D) Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.14. A) She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.B) She attended the supermarket’s grand opening ceremony.C) She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.D) She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.15. A) He is bothered by the pain in his neck.B) He cannot do his report without a computer.C) He cannot afford to have a coffee break.D) He feels sorry to have missed the report.16. A) Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.B) The gallery space is big enough for the man’s paintings.C) The woman would like to help with the exibition layout.D) The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.17. A) The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.B) The man works in the same department as the woman does.C) The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.D) The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.18. A) It was better than the previous one.B) It distorted the mayor’s speech.C) It exaggerated the city’s economy problems.D) It reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To inform him of a problem they face.B) To request him to purchase control desks.C) To discuss the content of a project report.D) To ask him to fix the dictating machine.20. A) They quote the best price in the market.B) They manufacture and sell office furniture.C) They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.D) They cannot produce the steel sheets needed21. A) By marking down the unit price.B) By accepting the penalty clauses.C) By allowing more time for delivery.D) By promising better after-sales service.22. A) Give the customer a ten percent discount.B) Claim compensation from the stool suppliers.C) Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.D) Cancel the contract with the customer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Stockbroker.C) Mathematician.B) Physicist. D) Economist.24. A) Improve computer programming.B) Predict global population growth.C) Explain certain natural phenomena.D) Promote national financial health.25. A) Their different educational backgrounds.B) Changing attitudes toward nature.C) Chaos theory and its applications.D) The current global economic crisis.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年英语六级真题及答案汇总(完整文字版)

DUANG~~DUANG~~DUANG~~，又到一年CET。

说到四六级，你第一反应是裸考刷分？还是abandon？是单词书本？还是逝去的青春？考过的，满满都是回忆；将要考的，给你们加油鼓劲！2013年英语六级真题及答案汇总目录2013年6月英语六级真题及答案 (2)2013年12月英语六级真题及答案 (25)（为了这份资源，我也蛮拼的）2013年6月英语六级真题及答案Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection A1. CM: The biological project is now in trouble. You know, my colleague and I have completely different ideas about how to proceed.W: Why don’t you compromise? Try to make it a win-win situation for you both.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?【听前预测】1．四项均以动词原形开头。

2．两项提到同事(colleague)。

结论：对话应该是工作场景，可能提问接下来要怎么做或建议某人做什么。

2．BM: How does Nancy like the new dress she bought in Rome?W: She said she would never have bought an Italian style dress if she had known Mary had already got such a dress.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【听前预测】1．四项提及两个人物——Mary和Nancy。

2．三项均与服饰、时尚有关(style，dress，fashion)，两项与购物有关(buying，shopping)。

2013年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(第3套)(题后含答案及解析)

2013年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（第3套）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “A smile is the shortest distance between two people.”You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：Smile Bridges the Gap Among People The saying “A smile is the shortest distance between two people”has been widely accepted throughout the world. However, the high pressures in modern society make the relationship among people more and more distant. In my opinion, the smile is a powerful antidote to this phenomenon, which can not only bridge the gap but also break down the barriers between heart and heart. When you present a smile to others, you will earn friendship as well as fortune. Such examples might be given easily. American celebrated “hotel king”Hilton’s requirement to his staff is whatever happens to the hotel, the smile on Hilton staff’s faces is the hotel’s sunshine. Smile helped Hilton come through the difficulties; Moreover, it brought huge profits. Have you smiled today? If not, let’s smile together! It is deeply-rooted in my mind that the world will be more harmonious if we always wear a smile on our faces.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Norman Borlaug: ‘Father of the Green Revolution’Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the ‘Green Revolution’, who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years “I’m a product of the great depression” is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His familyhad a 40-hectare(公顷)farm on which they grew wheat, maize(玉米)and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County. Borlaug didn’t have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph. D. in plant pathology(病理学)and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7,1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In Mexico In 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology(昆虫学), agronomy(农艺学), soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust. Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug’s new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in India During the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970. India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18 000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor(打谷场), of jute(黄麻)bags to store it.Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses. United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, “India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage(土地面积)a mere 8 percent. “It was in India that Norman Borlaug’s work was described as the ‘Green Revolution. ‘In Africa Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug, now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, “but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, ‘Let’s just start growing’”. The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug’s projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug’s initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum(高梁)and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel Prize For his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m. , but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur(司机)took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug siad, “the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry.”Green Revolution vs Environmentalists Borlaug’s advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms, including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainable farming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of farming practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world. In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards “organic”or “sustainable”farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.2．Norman Borlaug won a Nobel Prize for______.A．his remarkable achievements in plant geneticsB．his spectacular contribution to safeguarding world peaceC．his great success in raising Africa’s food productionD．his enduring efforts in combating world hunger正确答案：D解析：细节辨认题。

六级英语听力真题2013年06月

英语听⼒频道为⼤家整理的六级英语听⼒真题2013年06⽉，供⼤家参考:) 2013年6⽉英语六级听⼒原⽂第⼀套完整版Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A 短对话Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: What's wrong with your phone, Gary? I tried to call you all night yesterday.M: I'm sorry. No one's able to get through yesterday. My telephone was disconnected by the phone company.Q: What does the woman ask the man about?12.W: I finally found a really nice apartment that's within my price range.M: Congratulations! Affordable housing is rare in this city. I've been looking for a suitable place since I got here six months ago.Q: What does the man mean?13.M: I got this in my mailbox today, but I don't know what it is. Do you have any idea?W: Oh, that's your number for the new photocopier. It acquires an access code. Everyone got one.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?14.W: Jane told me that you'll be leaving at soon. Is it true?M: Yeah, my wife's maternity leave is close to an end. And since she wants to go back to work, I've decided to take a year off to raise the baby.Q: What does the man mean?15M: We'll never find a parking space here. What about dropping you at thesouth gate and I'll find parking somewhere else. W: Well, OK. It looks like everyone in town came to the mall today.Q: What does the woman mean?16W: When will the computers be back online?M: Probably not until tomorrow. The problem is more complicated than I thought.Q: What does the man mean?17M: Did you catch Professor Smith on TV last night?W: I almost missed it, but my mother just happened to be watching at home and gave me a call.Q: What does the woman imply?18M: May I get this prescription refilled?W: I'm sorry, sir, but we can't give you a refill on that. You'll have to get a new prescription.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Conversation OneW: Well, it’s the South Theater Company. They want to know if we’d be interested in sponsoring a tour they want to make to East Asia.M: East Asia? uhh… and how much are they hoping to get from us?W: Well, the letter mentions 20,000 pounds, but I don’t know if they might settle for us.M: Do they say what they would cover? Have they anything specific in mind?W: No, I think they are just asking all the firms in tongue for as much money as they think they’ll give.M: And we are worth 20, 000 pounds, right?W: It seems so.M: Very flattering. But I am not awfully happy with the idea. What we get out of it?W: Oh, good publicity I suppose. So what I suggest is not that we just give them a sum of money, but that we offer to pay for something specific like travel or something, and that in return, we ask for our name to be printed prominently in the program, and that they give us free advertising space in it.M: But the travel bill would be enormous, and we could never manage that.W: I know. But why don’t we offer to pay for the printing of the programs ourselves on condition that on the front cover there's something like This program is presented with the compliments of Norland Electronics, and free advertising of course.M: Good idea. Well, let’s get back to them and ask what the program they want will cost. Then we can see if we are interested or not.Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What do we learn about the South Theater Company?20. What benefit does the woman say their firm can get by sponsoring the Theater Company?21. What does the woman suggest they do instead of paying the South Theater Company’s travel expenses? Conversation TwoW: Rock stars now face a new hazard --- voice abuse. After last week's announcement that Phil Collins might give up touring because live concerts are ruining his voice, doctors are counseling stars about the dos and don'ts of voice care. Here in the studio today, we have Mr. Paul Phillips, an expert from the High Field Hospital. Paul, what advice would you give to singers facing voice problems?M: If pop singers have got voice problems, they really need to be more selective about where they work. They shouldn't work in smoky atmospheres. They also need to think about resting their voices after a show. Something else they need to be careful about is medicines. Aspirin, for example, singers should avoid aspirin. It thins the blood. And if a singer coughs, this can result in the bruising of the vocal cords.W: And is it true that some singers use drugs before concerts to boost their voices when they have voice problems?M: Yes, this does happen on occasion. They are easily-available on the continent and they are useful if a singer has problems with his vocal cords and has to sing that night. But if they are taken regularly, they cause a thinning of the voice muscle. Most pop singers suffer from three things: lack of training, overuse and abuse of the voice, especially when they are young. They have difficult lives. When they go on tour, they do a vast number of concerts, singing in smoky places.W: So, what would you advise the singers to do?M: Warm you voice up before a show and warm it down after.Questions 22-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What does last week's announcement say about rock star, Phil Collins?23. What does Paul Philips say about aspirin?24. What does Paul Philips say about young pop singers?25. What are the speakers mainly talking about?Passage 1Would you trust a robot to park your car? The question will confront New Yorkers in February as the city's first robotic parking opens in Chinatown.The technology has been successfully applied overseas, but the only other public robotic garage in the United States has been troublesome, dropping vehicles and trapping cars because of technical problems.Nonetheless, the developers of the Chinatown garage are confident with the technology and are counting on it to squeeze 67 cars in an apartment-building basement that would otherwise fit only 24, accomplished by removing a maneuver space normally required.A human-shaped robot won't be stepping into your car to drive it. Rather, the garage itself does the parking. The driver stops the car on a flat platform and gets out. The platform is lowered into the garage, and it is then transported to a vacant parking space by a computer-controlled device similar to an elevator that also runs sideways.There is no human supervision, but an attendant will be on hand to accept cash and explain the system to newly users. Parking rates will be attracted about $400 monthly or $25 per day, according to Ari Milstein, the director of planning for Automation Parking Systems, which is the U.S. subsidiary of a German company. This company has built automated garages in several countries overseas and in the United States for residents of a Washington, D.C. apartment building.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about the robot parking in the U.S. so far?27. What advantage does robotic parking have according to the developers?28. What does the attendant do in the automated garage?29. What does the company say about the parking rate?Passage 2A recent study shows that meat consumption is one of the main ways that human can damage the environment, second only to the use of motor vehicles. So how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment? For a start, all animals, such as cows, pigs and sheep, always gas limed methane, which is the second most common green house gas after carbon dioxide. Many environmental experts now believe that methane is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. It is estimated that 25% of all methane that released into the atmosphere coming from farm animals. Another way in which meat production affects the environment is through the use of water and land. 2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef. While 20 gallons of water are need to produce one pound of wheat. One acre of farmland use to for raising cows can produce 250 pounds of beef. One acre of farmland use to for crop production can produce 1,500 pounds of tomatoes. Many people now say the benefits of switching to vegetarian diet which excludes meat and fish. Not just for health reasons, but also because it plays a vital role in protecting the environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian diet. They believe such a diet which includes no products from animal sources can be deficient in many of the necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need. Today many people have come to realize that help the environment and for the human race to survive, more of us will need to become vegetarian.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you've just heard.30. What does the recent study show?31. What do some nutritionists say about the strict vegetarian diet?32. What does the speaker think more people need to do?Passage 3Alcoholism is a serious disease. Nearly nine million Americans alone suffer from the illness. Many scientists disagree about what the differences are between the alcohol addict and social drinker. The difference occurs when someone needs to drink. And this need gets in the way of his health or behavior. Alcohol causes a loss of judgment and alertness. After a long period, alcoholism can deteriorate the liver, the brain and other parts of the body. The illness is dangerous, because it is involved in half of all automobile accidents. Another problem is that the victim often denies being an alcohol addict and won’t get help. Solutions do exist. Many hospitals and centers help patients cope. Without the assistance, the victim can destroy his life. He would detach himself from the routines of life. He may lose his employment, home or loved ones.All the causes of the sickness are not discovered yet. There is no standard for a person with alcoholism. Victims range in age, race, sex and background. Some groups of people are more vulnerable to the illness. People from broken homes and North American Indians are two examples. People from broken homes often lack stable lives. Indians likewise had the traditional life taken from them by white settlers who often encourage them to consume alcohol to prevent them from fighting back. The problem has now been passed on. Alcoholism is clearly present in society today. People have started to get help and information. With proper assistance, victims can put their lives together one day.Question 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q33. What is the problem of the victims about alcoholism according to the speaker?Q34. Why did white settlers introduce alcohol to Indians?Q35. What does the speaker seem to believe about those affected by alcoholism?复合式听写Self-image is the picture you have of yourself, the sort of person you believe you are. Included in your self-image are the categories in which you place yourself, the roles you play and other similar descriptors you use to identify yourself. If you tell an acquaintance you are a grandfather who recently lost his wife and who does volunteer work on weekends, several elements of your self-image are bought to light — the roles of grandparent, widower and conscientious citizen.But self-image is more than how you picture yourself; it also involves how others see you. Three types of feedback from others are indicative of how they see us: conformation, rejection, and disconfirmation. Conformation occurs when others treat you in a manner consistent with who you believe you are.You believe you have leadership abilities and your boss put you in charge of a new work team. On the other hand, rejection occurs when others treat you in a manner that is inconsistent with yourself definition. Pierre Salinger was appointed senator from California but subsequently lost his first election. He thought he was a good public official, but the voters obviously thought otherwise— Their vote was inconsistent with his self-concept. The third type of feedback is disconfirmation, which occurs when others fail to respond to your notion of self by responding neutrally. A student writes what he thinks is an excellent composition, but the teacher writes no encouraging remarks. Rather than relying on how others classify you, consider how you identify yourself. The way in which you identify yourself is the best refection of yourself-image.11. B) Why she could not get through to him.12.C) He has difficulty finding affordable housing.13. D) A code number is necessary to run the copy machine.14. A) He will stop work to take care of the baby.15. A) The shopping center is flooded with people.16. B) It will take longer to reconnect the computers to the Net.17. D) She did see Prof. Smith on TV.18. C) The man has to go to see his doctor again.19. B. It is planning to tour East Asia.。

2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷答案

2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第1套）参考答案听力部分：11-15 BCDAA 16-20 BDCBA 21-25 CDDBC 26-30 ABABD 31-35 BCDAB36. Included37. categories38. similar39. acquaintance40. recently41. volunteer42. citizen43. indicative44. You believe you have leadership abilities and your boss put you in charge of a new work team45. He thought he was a good public official, but the voters obviously thought otherwise46. A student writes what he thinks is an excellent composition, but the teacher writes no encouraging remarks仔细阅读部分：52-56 ADBCB 57-61 ABDDC完形填空部分：62-81 ACBAA BCDDB CDABC DABCD2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第2套）参考答案听力部分：11-15 DCADC 16-20 AABAC 21-26 BBDBC 26-30 DBADB 31-35 CDABC36. qualities37. charming38. unpredictable39. encounter40. relaxed41. participant42. initiative43. personality44. often fascinates people and needs them to treat the machine as if it were almost human45. By introducing a degree of forcefulness and humor, the machine could be presented as a vivid and unique character46. if it simulated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another仔细阅读部分：52-56 DBABC 57-61 DAACB完形填空部分：62-66 CDBCA 67-71 BCDAD 72-76 ACDBB 77-81 ADCBA2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）参考答案听力部分：11-15 ACCDB 16-20 ACBBD 21-25 CCDBD 26-30 CABCB 31-35 CDDCA36. lie37. associated38. assign39. spent40. difficulty41. dislike42. afford43. infant44. she is entitled to a place of her own where she can be by herself, and keep her possessions45. people will have their private thoughts that might never be shared with anyone46. Americans' houses, yards, and even their offices can seem open and inviting. Yet in the minds of Americans, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross仔细阅读部分：52-56 ACABD 57-61 ADBCB完形填空部分：62-66 ACBDA 67-71 BACAD 72-76 BCBDA 77-81 CDBCD。

[英语六级考试复习]2013年6月_六级真题_第3套

大学英语六级考试真题解析2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing（30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “A smile is the shortest distance between two people.”You can cite examples to illustrateyour point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essayon Answer Sheet 1._____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）, anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.1. A) It will mainly benefit the wealthy. C) It will reduce government revenues.B) It will stimulate business activities. D) It will cut the stockholders' dividends.2. A) She doesn't think much of job-hopping.B) She will stick to the job if the pay is good.C) She prefers a life of continued exploration.D) She will do her best if the job is worth doing.3. A) Talk the drug user out of the habit. C) Keep his distance from drug addicts.B) Stop thinking about the matter. D) Be more friendly to his schoolmate.4. A) The son. B) Aunt Louise. C) The father. D) The mother.5. A) Move to another place. C) Check the locks every two weeks.B) Stay away for a couple of weeks. D) Look after the Johnsons' house.6. A) He didn't want to miss the game.B) He would like to warm up for the game.C) He didn't want to be held up in traffic.D) He wanted to catch as many birds as possible.wasdown. C) Itrobbed.7. A) ItwasburnedB) It was closed down. D) It was blown up.8. A) She studies in the same school as her brother.B) She isn't going to work in her brother's firm.C) She isn't going to change her major.D) She plans to major in tax law.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Current issues in economics. C) A recent biology lecture.B) Choices faced by conservationists. D) Topics for a research paper.10. A) A scarcity of jobs in their field.B) Inadequate training in methods of biological research.C) Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls.D) A lack of funding for their work with endangered species.11. A) It has numerous traits in common with the spotted owl.B) Its population is increasing in recent years.C) It may not survive without special efforts of conservationists.D) Its role in the chain of evolution has not yet been examined.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Training given to music therapists. C) Studies on the benefits of music.B) How music prevents disease. D) How musicians create music.13. A) In place of physical therapy. C) To prevent heart disease.B) To control brain problems. D) To relieve depression.14. A) They like to have music in the operating room.B) They solved problems better while listening to music they liked.C) They preferred classical music.D) They performed better when they used headphones.15. A) It increased the students' white blood cell.B) It increased some students' energy level.C) It improved the students' ability to play musical instruments.D) It released a natural painkiller in some students' bodies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She was bored with her idle life at home.B) She was offered a good job by her neighbour.C) She wanted to help with the family's finances.D) Her family would like to see her more involved in social life.17. A) Doing housework. C) Reading papers and watching TV.B) Looking after her neighbour's children. D) Taking good care of her husband.18. A) Jane got angry at Bill's idle life. C) Bill blamed Jane for neglecting the family.B) Bill failed to adapt to the new situation. D) The children were not taken good care of.19. A) Neighbours should help each other.B) Women should have their own careers.C) Man and wife should share household duties.D) Parents should take good care of their children.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) To predict natural disasters that can cause vast destruction.B) To limit the destruction that natural disasters may cause.C) To gain financial support from the United Nations.D) To propose measures to hold back natural disasters.21. A) There is still a long way to go before man can control natural disasters.B) International cooperation can minimize the destructive force of natural disasters.C) Technology can help reduce the damage natural disasters may cause.D) Scientists can successfully predict earthquakes.22. A) There were fatal mistakes in its design.B) The builder didn't observe the building codes of the time.C) The traffic load went beyond its capacity.D) It was built according to less strict earthquake resistance standards.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) By judging to what extent they can eliminate the risks.B) By estimating the possible loss of lives and property.C) By estimating the frequency of volcanic eruptions.D) By judging the possible risks against the likely benefits.24. A) One of Etna's recent eruptions made many people move away.B) Etna's frequent eruptions have ruined most of the local farmland.C) Etna's eruptions are frequent but usually mild.D) There are signs that Etna will erupt again in the near future.25. A) They will remain where they are. C) They will turn to experts for advice.B) They will leave this area forever. D) They will seek shelter in nearby regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, whenthe passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Certain phrases one commonly hears among Americans capture their devotion to individualism: "Do your own thing. " "I did it my way. " "You'll have to decide that for yourself. " "You made your bed, now 26 in it. " "If you don't look out for yourself, no one else will. " "Look out for number one."Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans 27 privacy. Americans assume that people "need some time to themselves" or "some time alone" to 28things or recover their spent psychological energy. Americans have great 29 understanding foreignerswho always want to be with another person, who dislike being alone.If the parents can 30 it, each child will have his or her own bedroom. Having one's own bedroom, even as an infant, fixes in a person the notion that she 31 a place of her own where she can be by herself, and keep her possessions. She will have her clothes, her toys, her books, and so on. These things will be hers and no one else's.Americans 32 that people will have their private thoughts that might never be shared with anyone. Doctors, lawyers, psychiatrists, and others have rules governing "confidentiality" that 33 prevent information about their clients' personal situations from becoming known to others.Americans' attitudes about 34 can be hard for foreigners to understand. Americans' houses, yards, and even their offices can seem open and inviting. Yet in the minds of Americans, there are 35 that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When those boundaries are crossed, an American's body will visibly stiffen and his manner will become cool and aloof.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.When my mother's health was failing, I was the "bad" sister who lived far away and wasn't involved.My sister helped my parents. She never asked me to do anything, and I didn't 31 . I was widowed,raising kids and working, but that wasn't really why I kept to weekly calls and short, infrequent visits. Iwas 37 in my adolescent role as the aloof (超脱的) achiever, defending myself from my 38 motherand other family craziness. As always, I turned a deaf ear to my sister's criticisms about my not being around more—and I didn't hear her rising desperation. It wasn't until my mom's 39 , watching my dadand sister cling to each other and weep, that I got a hint of their long painful experience—and how badlyI'd behaved.My sister was so furious, she 40 spoke to me during my father's last years. To be honest, I'm not a terrible person. So how did I get it so wrong.We hear a lot about the 41 of taking care of our graying population. But the big story beneath the surface is the psychological crisis among middle-aged siblings (兄弟姐妹) who are fighting toward issues involving their aging parents. According to a new survey, an estimated 43.5 million adults in the US are looking after an older 42 or friend. Of these, 43% said they did not feel they had a 43 in this role.And although 7 in 10 said another unpaid caregiver had 44 help in the past year, only 1 in 10 said the burden was split equally.As siblings who are often separated geographically and emotionally, we are having to come togetherto decide such 45 issues as where Mom and Dad should live and where they should be buried. "It's likebeing put down with your siblings in the center of a nuclear reactor and being told, ' Figure it out,' " says University of Colorado psychologist Sara Honn Qualls.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.Norman Borlaug: 'Father of the Green Revolution'A)Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from themidwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the 'Green Revolution', who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, andsaving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel PeacePrize.Early YearsB) "I'm a product of the great depression" is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson ofNorwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm inthe northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectare (公顷) farm onwhich they grew wheat, maize (玉米) and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of histime from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregonin Howard County.C) Borlaug didn't have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, knownas the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph. D. in plant pathology (病理学) and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7,1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In MexicoD) In 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations wereexpanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology (昆虫学) , agronomy (农艺学), soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.E) Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better forsunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain—a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and. stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in IndiaF) During the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had beenimporting wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr.Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India.By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming. the government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.G) India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18,000 tonnes ofseed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor (打谷场), of jute (黄麻) bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.H) United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization( FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961and 2001, "India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage (土地面积) a mere 8 percent. " It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the' Green Revolution. 'I n AfricaI) Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured infrom most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distributionsystem, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, RyoichiSasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. Hecalled up Norman Borlaug, now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaugto help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug laterrecalled, "but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, ' Let's just start growing' ".J) The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug's projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation andirrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug's initial projectswere restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum（高梁）and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel PrizeK) For his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m. , but Borlaug had already left forthe test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机) took her tothe fields to inform her husband Borlaug said, "the first essential component of social justice isadequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50percent of the world population goes hungry. "Green Revolution vs EnvironmentalistsL) Borlaug's advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticismsincluding charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainablefarming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer amongthose who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainabilityof farming practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developingworld.M) In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly tothe American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a globalmovement towards " organic" or "sustainable" farming practices that avoid using chemicals and hightechnology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.46. Borlaug's new varieties of wheat have shorter stems and stronger resistance to disease.47. A large part of Borlaug's life was spent in increasing food supply of poor countries andcombating hunger.48. Borlaug's wheat programme met with resistance during his first couple of years in Mexico.49. In both developed and developing countries there are concerns whether in the long runBorlaug's farming practices will be sustainable.50. The lack of necessary supporting facilities in Africa prevented Borlaug from achieving brilliantsuccess.51. Borlaug was not able to get ahead with his experiments in India until the government intervened.52. Borlaug believes that elimination of hunger is one essential element in ensuring social justice.53. The poorly-managed distribution system prevented the food aid from feeding the hungry in Africa.54. Statistics indicate that India achieved a dramatic increase of grain production with a modestincrease of farming land.55. Critics blame Green Revolution for producing a huge profit for the American agro-chemicalcorporations.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from thecomfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively—and therefore make bad decisions—when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with anobject makes you more committed to your purchase.When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conductan experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping experience. I carefullyinstructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to theshelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and thensubtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book, 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things inour hand. That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle senseof loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to conventional mail. Adeeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opposed toreceiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotionalcenter of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touchbecomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession. This sense of ownership is simplynot part of the equation in the online shopping experience.56. Why do people prefer shopping online according to the author?A) It is more comfortable and convenient.B) It saves them a lot of money and time.C) It offers them a lot more options and bargains.D) It gives them more time to think about their purchase.57. Why do more customers return their purchases bought online?A) They regretted indulging in costly items in the recession.B) They changed their mind by the time the goods were delivered.C) They had no chance to touch them when shopping online.D) They later found the quality of goods below their expectations.58. What is the purpose of the author's experiment?A ) To test his hypothesis about online shopping.B) To find out people's reaction to his recent book.C) To find ways to increase the sale of his new book.D) To try different approaches to sales promotion.59. How might people feel after letting go of something they held?A) A sense of disappointment. C) A subtle loss of interest.B) More motivated to own it. D) Less sensitive to its texture.60. What does brain imaging in a recent study reveal?A) Conventional letters contain subtle messages.B) A lack of touch is the chief obstacle to e-commerce.C) Email lacks the potential to activate the brain.D) Physical touch helps form a sense of possession.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Apparently everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme. A hot, dry summer has triggered another flood of such claims. And, while many interests are at work, one of the players that benefits the most from this story are the media: the notion of "extreme" climate simply makes for more compelling news.Consider Paul Krugman, writing breathlessly in the New York Times about the "rising incidence of extreme events. " He claims that global warming caused the current drought in America's Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis.But the United Nations climate panel's latest assessment tells us precisely the opposite: For "North America, there is medium confidence that there has an overall slight tendency toward less dryness. " Moreover, there is no way that Krugman could have identified this drought. as being caused by global warming without a time machine: Climate models estimate that such detection will be possible by 2048, allthe earliest.And, fortunately, this year's drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis, as global rice and wheat supplies remain plentiful. Moreover, Krugman overlooks inflation: Prices have increased six-fold since 1969, so, while corn futures(期货) did set a record of about $8 per bushel (蒲式耳) in late July, the inflation-adjusted price of corn was higher throughout most of the 1970s, reaching $ 16 in 1974.Finally, Krugman conveniently forgets that concerns about global warming are the main reason that corn prices have skyrocketed since 2005. Nowadays 40 percent of corn grown in the United States is usedto produce ethanol（乙醇），which does absolutely nothing for the climate, but certainly distorts the price of corn—at the expense of many of the world's poorest people.Bill Mckibben similarly worries in The Guardian about the Midwest drought and corn prices. He confidently tells us that raging wildfires from New Mexico and Colorado to Siberia are“exactly" what the early stages of global warming look like.In fact, the latest overview of global wildfire incidence suggests that fire intensity has declined overthe past 70 years and is now close to its preindustrial level.When well-meaning campaigners want us to pay attention to global warming, they often end up pitching beyond the facts. And, while this may seem justified by a noble goal, such "policy by panic" tactics rarely work, and often backfire.Remember how, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Al Gore claimed that we were in store for ever more destructive hurricanes? Since then, hurricane incidence has dropped off the charts. Exaggerated claims merely fuel public distrust and disengagement.That is unfortunate, because global warming is a real problem, and we do need to address it.61. In what way do the media benefit from extreme weather?A) They can attract people's attention to their reports.B) They can choose from a greater variety of topics.C) They can make themselves better known.D) They can give voice to different views.62. What is the author's comment on Krugman's claim about the current drought in America's Midwest?A) A time machine is needed to testify to its truth.B) It is based on an erroneous climate model.C) It will eventually get proof in 2048.D) There is no way to prove its validity.63. What is the chief reason for the rise in corn prices according to the author?A) Demand for food has been rising in the developing countries.。

2013年6月英语六级考试阅读真题及答案

2013年6⽉英语六级考试阅读真题及答案 Section A Direction: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete stamens. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. Question 47 to 51 are based on the following passage Highly proficient musicianship is hard won. Although it’s often assumed musical ability us inherited, there’s abundant evidence that this isn’t the case. While it seems that at birth virtually everyone has perfect pitch, the reasons that one child is better than another are motivation and practice. Highly musical children were sung to more as infants and more encouraged to join in song games as kids than less musical ones, long before any musical ability could have been evident. Studies of classical musicians prove that the best ones practiced considerably more from childhood onwards than ordinary orchestral players, and this is because their parents were at them to put in the hours from a very young age. The same was true of children selected for entry to specialist music schools, compared with those who were rejected. The chosen children had parents who had very actively supervised music lessons and daily practice from young ages, giving up substantial periods of leisure time to take the children to lessons and concerts. The singer Michael Jackson’s story, although unusually brutal and extreme, is illumination when considering musical prodigy(天才). Accounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional torture ,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father, What sets Jackson’s family apart is that his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers. On top of his extra ability Michael also had more drive. This may have been the result of being the closest of his brothers and sisters to his mother. “He seemed different to me from the other children —special,”Michael’s mother said of him. She may not have realized that treating her son as special may have been part of the reason be became like that. All in all, if you want to bring up a Mozart or Bach, the key factor is how hard you are prepared to crack the whip. Thankfully, most of us will probably settle for a bit of fun on the recorder and some ill-executed pieces of music-on the piano from our children. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年6月英语四级考试真题以与答案(第3套)

.2013 年 6 月四级真题 ( 第 3 套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. Youshould start youressay with a brief description of the picture and then expressyour views on theimportance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

PartⅡ Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 longconversations.At the end ofeach conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A),B),C) and D),anddecide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

2013年6月英语六级听力真题及原文

2013年6月大学英语六级真题Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. A) She has completely recovered.B) She went into shock after an operation.C) She is still in a critical condition.D) She is getting much better.12. A) Ordering a breakfast. C) Buying a train ticket.B) Booking a hotel room. D) Fixing a compartment.13. A) Most borrowers never returned the books to her.B) The man is the only one who brought her book back.C) She never expected anyone to return the books to her.D) Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.14. A) She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.B) She attended the supermarket’s grand opening ceremony.C) She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.D) She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.15. A) He is bothered by the pain in his neck.B) He cannot do his report without a computer.C) He cannot afford to have a coffee break.D) He feels sorry to have missed the report.16. A) Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.B) The gallery space is big enough for the man’s paintings.C) The woman would like to help with the exibition layout.D) The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.17. A) The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.B) The man works in the same department as the woman does.C) The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.D) The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.18. A) It was better than the previous one.B) It distorted the mayor’s s peech.C) It exaggerated the city’s economy problems.D) It reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To inform him of a problem they face.B) To request him to purchase control desks.C) To discuss the content of a project report.D) To ask him to fix the dictating machine.20. A) They quote the best price in the market.B) They manufacture and sell office furniture.C) They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.D) They cannot produce the steel sheets needed21. A) By marking down the unit price.B) By accepting the penalty clauses.C) By allowing more time for delivery.D) By promising better after-sales service.22. A) Give the customer a ten percent discount.B) Claim compensation from the stool suppliers.C) Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.D) Cancel the contract with the customer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Stockbroker. C) Mathematician.B) Physicist. D) Economist.24. A) Improve computer programming.B) Predict global population growth.C) Explain certain natural phenomena.D) Promote national financial health.25. A) Their different educational backgrounds.B) Changing attitudes toward nature.C) Chaos theory and its applications.D) The current global economic crisis.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

英语六级考试真题(第3套)+参考答案

2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "A smile is the shortest distance between two people." You can cite examplesto . You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Norman Borlaug: 'Father of the Green Revolution'Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the 'Green Revolution', who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years"I'm a product of the great depression" is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectare (公顷) farm on which they grew wheat, maize (玉米) and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.Borlaug didn't have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph.D. in plant pathology (病理学) and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected underwartimeIn MexicoIn 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations wereexpanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology (昆虫学) , agronomy (农艺学) , soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain - a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in IndiaDuring the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor (打谷场) , of jute (麻黄) bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, "India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage (土地面积) a mere 8 percent." It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the 'Green Revolution.'In AfricaAfrica suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug. now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded theSasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, "but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, 'Let's just start growing'".The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug's projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug's initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum (高粱) and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel PrizeFor his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m., but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机) took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug said, "the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry."Green Revolution vs Environmentalists参考答案注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013年6月六级考试真题(卷三)

2013年6月六级考试真题（第三套）选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中没有重复给出。

2Section B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Norman Borlaug:“Father of the Green Revolution”[A]Few people have quietly changed theworld for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestem state of Iowa inthe United States.The man in focus is Norman Borlaug,the “Father of the Green Revolution”,who died on 12September 2009at age 95.Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60working years in the farmlands of Mexico,South Asia and later in Africa,fighting world hunger,and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process.An achievement,fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years[B]“I’m a product of the great depression”is how Borlaug described himself.A great-grandson of Norwegianimmigrants to the United States,Borlaug was born in 1914and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern comer of Iowa in a town called Cresco.His family had a 40-hectrare (公顷)farm on which they grew wheat,maize (玉米)and hay and raised pigs and cattle.Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17on the farm,even as he attended a one-room,one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.[C]Borlaug didn’t have money to go to college.But through a Great Depression era programme,known as the NationalYouth Administration,Borlaug was able to enroll in University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry.He excelled in studies and received his PhD in plant path ology (病理学）and genetics in 1942.[D]From 1942to 1944,Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington.However,following theDecember 1941attack on Pearl Harbor,Borlaug tried to join the military,but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In Mexico[E]In 1944,many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster thancrop production.Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop.It involved research in genetics,plant breeding,plant pathology,entomology （昆虫学），agronomy （农艺学）,soil science,and cereal technology.The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico,which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain.[F]Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult.He lacked trained scientists and equipment.Nativefarmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939to 1941due to stem rust.[G]Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall,thin stalks.While taller wheat competed better for sunlight,theyhad a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain —a trait called lodging.To overcome this,Borlaug梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks,which could hold on larger seed heads.Borlaug’s new semi-dwarf,disease-resistant varieties,called Pitic62and Penjamo62,changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically.By1963wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of1944.Green Revolution in India[H]During the1960s,South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a largescale from the United States.Borlaug came to India in1963along with Dr Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent.The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi,under the supervision of Dr M.S.Swaminathan.These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana,Pantnagar,Kanpur,Pune and Indore.The results were promising,but large-scale success,however,was not instant.Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India.By1965,when the drought situation turned alarming,the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward.By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico,Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between1965and1970.[I]India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat,importing some18,000tonnes of seed.By1968,itwas clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary.It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it,of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor（打谷场）of jute（黄麻）bags to store it.Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses. [J]United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO)observed that in40years between1961and2001,“India more than doubled its population,from452million to more than1billion.At the same time,it nearly tripled its grain production from87million tonnes to231million tonnes.It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage（土地面积）a mere8percent.”It was in India that Norman Borlaug’s work was described as the“Green Revolution.”In Africa[K]Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the70s and80s.Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent,but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system,the hungry remained empty-stomach.The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation,Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa.He called up Norman Borlaug,now leading a semi-retired life,for help.He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association.Borlaug later recalled,“but after I saw the terrible circumstances there,I said,‘Let’s just start growing’”.[L]The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico.Those elements that allowed Borlaug’s projects to succeed,such as well-organised economies and transportation and irrigation systems,were severely lacking throughout Africa.Because of this,Borlaug’s initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent.Nevertheless,yields of maize,sorghum(高粱)and wheat doubled between1983and1985.Nobel Prize[M]For his contributions to the world food supply,Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1970.Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at4:00am,but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley,about65km west of Mexico City.A chauffeur(司机）took her to the fields to inform her husband.In his acceptance speech,Borlaug said,“the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind.Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world.Yet,50percent of the world population goes hungry.”Green Revolution vs Environmentalists梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人[N]Borlaug’s advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years.His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms,including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops,unsustainable fanning practices,heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals.There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of fanning practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world.[O]In India,the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of India crop diversity,drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations.What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards“organic”or“sustainable”farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilisers,cultivation and pest-control porgrammes.46.Farmers’rejection of his planting techniques initially prevented Borlaug from achieving large-scale success in India.47.In both developed and developing countries there are concerns whether in the long run Borlaug’s farming practice willbe sustainable.48.Borlaug’s Pitic62and Penjamo62has short and strong stems and can resist to diseases.49.Borlaug’s success in Africa was not as spectacular as in India or Mexico because Africa lacked the necessarysupporting facilities.50.In India,critics attribute the destruction of Indian crop diversity to the Green Revolution.51.Borlaug emphasised that adequate food for all mankind is essential in ensuring social justice in his Nobel Prizeacceptance speech.52.In recent years Borlaug’s Green Revolution has been attacked by environmentalists.53.Borlaug’s wheat programme had been stuck in trouble during his first couple of years in Mexico.54.According to United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organisation,in40years between1961and2001India’s grainproduction increased nearly three times.55.Norman Borlaug won a Nobel Prize for his60years work on combating world hunger.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on the following passage.“Depression”is more than a serious economic downturn.What distinguishes a depression from a harsh recession is paralysing fear—fear of the unknown so great that it causes consumers,businesses,and investors to retreat and panic. They save up cash and desperately cut spending.They sell stocks and other assets.A shattering loss of confidence inspires behaviour that overwhelms the normal self-correcting mechanisms that usually prevent a recession from becoming deep and prolonged:a depression.Comparing1929with2007-09,Christina Romer,the head of President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers,finds the initial blow to confidence far greater now than then.True,stock prices fell a third from September to December1929, but fewer Americans then owned stocks.Moreover,home prices barely dropped.From December1928to December1929, total household wealth declined only3%.By contrast,the loss in household wealth between December2007and December 2008was17%.Both stocks and homes,more widely held,dropped more.Thus traumatised(受到创伤），the economy might4have gone into a free fall ending in depression.Indeed,it did go into free fall.Shoppers refrained from buying cars, appliances,and other big-ticket items.Spending on such“durables”dropped at a12%annual rate in2008’s third quarter,a 20%rate in the fourth.And businesses shelved investment projects.That these huge declines didn’t lead to depression mainly reflects,as Romer argues,counter-measures taken by the government.Private markets for goods,services,labor,and securities do mostly self-correct,but panic feeds on itself and disarms these stabilising tendencies.In this situation,only the government can protect the economy as a whole,because most individuals and companies are involved in the self-defeating behaviour of self-protection.Government’s failure to perform this role in the early1930s transformed recession into depression.Scholars will debate which interventions this time—the Federal Reserve’s support of a failing credit system,guarantees of bank debt, Obama’s“stimulus”plan and bank“stress test”一counted most in preventing a recurrence.Regardless,all these complex measures had the same psychological purpose:to reassure people that the free fall would stop and,thereby,curb die fear that would perpetuate(使持久）a free fall.All this improved confidence.But the consumer sentiment index remains weak,and all the rebound has occurred in Americans’evaluation of future economic conditions,not the present.Unemployment(9.8%)is abysmal(糟透的）, the recovery’s strength unclear.Here,too,there is an echo from the1930s.Despite bottoming out in1933,the Depression didn’t end until World War II.Some government policies aided recovery;some hindered it.The good news today is that the bad news is not worse.56.Why do consumers,businesses and investors retreat and panic in times of depression?A)They suffer great losses in stocks,property and other assets.B)They find the self-correcting mechanisms dysfunctioning.C)They are afraid the normal social order will be paralysed.D)They don’t know what is going to happen in the future.57.What does Christina Romer say about the current economic recession?A)Its severity is no match for the Great Depression of1929.B)Its initial blow to confidence far exceeded that of1929.C)It has affected house owners more than stock holders.D)It has resulted in a free fall of the prices of commodities.58.Why didn’t the current recession turn into a depression according to Christina Romer?A)The government intervened effectively.B)Private markets corrected themselves.C)People refrained from buying durables and big-ticket items.D)Individuals and companies adopted self-protection measures.59.What is the chief purpose of all the counter measures taken?A)To create job opportunities.C)To stimulate domestic consumption.B)To curb the fear of a lasting free fall.D)To rebuild the credit system.60.What does the author think of today’s economic situation?A)It may worsen without further stimulation.C)It has not gone from bad to worse.B)It will see a rebound sooner or later.D)It does not give people reason for pessimism.Passage TwoQuestions61to65are based on the following passage.“Usually when we walk through-the rain forest we hear a soft sound from all the moist leaves and organic debris on the梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人forest floor,”says ecologist Daniel Nepstad.“Now we increasingly get rustle and crunch.That’s the sound of a dying forest.”Predictions of the collapse of the tropical rain forests have been around for years.Yet until recently the worst forecasts were almost exclusively linked to direct human activity,such as dear-cutting and burning for pastures or farms.Left alone, it was assumed,the world’s rain forests would not only flourish but might even rescue us from disaster by absorbing the excess carbon dioxide and other planet-warming greenhouse gases.Now it turns out that may be wishful thinking.Some scientists believe that the rise in carbon levels means that the Amazon and other rain forests in Asia and Africa may go from being assets in the battle against rising temperatures to liabilities.Amazon plants,for instance,hold more than100billion metric tons of carbon,equal to15years of tailpipe and chimney emissions.If the collapse of the rain forests speeds up dramatically,it could eventually release3.5-5billion metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year一making forests the leading source of greenhouse gases.Uncommonly severe droughts brought on by global climate change have led to forest-eating wildfires from Australia to Indonesia,but nowhere more acutely than in the Amazon.Some experts say that the rain forest is already at the brink of collapse.Extreme weather and reckless development are plotting against the rain forest in ways that scientists have never seen.Trees need more water as temperatures rise,but the prolonged droughts have robbed them of moisture,making whole forests easily cleared of trees and turned into farmland.The picture worsens with each round of El Nino,the unusually warm currents in the Pacific Ocean that drive up temperatures and invariably presage（预示）droughts and fires in the rain forest.Runaway fires pour even more carbon into the air,which increases temperatures,starting the whole vicious cycle all over again.More than paradise lost,a perishing rain forest could trigger a domino effect—sending winds and rains kilometres off course and loading the skies with even greater levels of greenhouse gases—that will be felt far beyond the Amazon basin.In a sense,we are already getting a glimpse of what’s to come.Each burning season in the Amazon,fires deliberately set by frontier settlers and developers hurl up almost half a billion metric tons of carbon a year,placing Brazil among the top five contributors to greenhouse gases in the world.61.We learn from the first paragraph that_______________.A)dead leaves and tree debris make the same soundB)trees that are dying usually give out a soft moanC)organic debris echoes the sounds in a rain forestD)the sound of a forest signifies its health condition62.In the second paragraph,the author challenges the view that___________________.A)the collapse of rain forests is caused by direct human interferenceB)carbon emissions are the leading cause of current global warmingC)the condition of rain forests has been rapidly deterioratingD)rain forests should not be converted into pastures or farms63.The author argues that the rising carbon levels in rain forests may____________________.A)turn them into a major source of greenhouse gasesB)change the weather patterns throughout the worldC)pose a threat to wildlifeD)accelerate their collapse64.What has made it easier to turn some rain forests into farmland?A)Rapid rise in carbon levels.C)Lack of rainfall resulting from global warming.6B)Reckless land development.D)The unusual warm currents in the Pacific Ocean.65.What makes Brazil one of the world’s top five contributors to greenhouse gases?A)The domino effect triggered by the perishing rain forests.B)Its practice of burning forests for settlement and development.C)The changed patterns of winds and rains in the Amazon area.D)Its inability to curb the carbon emissions from industries.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国是最早生产丝绸的国家。