初中定语从句讲解

在指人可以通用， 注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用 、 在指人可以通用 但下列宜用 who,不用 不用that 不用 1).先行词是 先行词是anyone, someone, those时， 先行词是 时 关系词使用who 关系词使用 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人 关系词 句型中，先行词指人,关系词 在 用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.
The building is our school. The building stands by the river. The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 定语从句
是关系代词， which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先 行词the 同时担任从句中的主语， 行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语， 也起连词的作用， 起来。 也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now. Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?
关系代词
1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略） 1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略） 指人 The man( who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 作宾语可省略, 2.whom指人, 指人 介词提前则不能省) 介词提前则不能省 The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
关系代词的使用取决于先行词， 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密 因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词， 切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词， 所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后， 所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、 可以由形容词 分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。 等来担任，修饰名词 名词。 (以介词短语、分词为例） 以介词短语、分词为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk（喝醉的）. 喝醉的） 定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 名词 叫定语从句 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.
关系词判 关系词判 断 步 骤 :
首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人 关系代词 。如果先行词指物,关系 可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物 关系 代词可用which或that; 代词可用 或 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。
关系代词如何引导定语从句
普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. 关系代词： 如上例who/that） 关系代词： （如上例 ） 1.代替先行词 代替先行词 代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分 它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分 它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 把主句和从句连起来） （把主句和从句连起来）
3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用 先行词既有人也有物 只能用 只能用that 先行词既有 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是 先行词是one of,the one, 或用 little, much, 先行词是 few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I haven’t got much that I can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，用 当主句已有疑问词 或 时 已有 that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
(主语 主语) 主语
The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.
定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用 有些情况下只用关系词 而不宜用which 而不宜用 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或 词修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是 something, nothing, anything等 先行词是 等 不定代词时 不定代词时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.
指物， 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?
the tall the strong the clever
The boy who is tall
boy
The boy is Tom.
is Tom. The boy who is strong is Tom The boy who is clever is Tom
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who is smiling is Tom.
The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
(宾语 宾语) 宾语
The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.
关系词在句中作用 主、宾、表 主、宾、表、定（偶） 主、宾 宾 定
when where why
时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致 最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句 主句)The woman is my mother. 主句 (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时 叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句 从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the 从句 meeting yesterday. (句中 句中yesterday表示过去时间 表示过去时间) 句中 表示过去时间
t源自文库e red the green the small the big
apple is mine. is yours. is small is big.
The apple which is red The apple which is green The apple which is red The apple which is green
关系代词
是代词的所有格形式, 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以 代人也可以代物。 代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.
关系代词与介词: 关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前 面时,介词宾语只能用 介词宾语只能用which代物 用whom 代物, 面时 介词宾语只能用 代物 代人。 介词在末尾时 关系词可以省略) 介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略 代人。(介词在末尾时 关系词可以省略 1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of . 2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big. 注意: 固定动介词组不可分割 介词不能提前 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前 介词不能提前. 例如:look after,look at … 例如
先行词 人 物
主格 宾格 所有格 who,that who(m),that whose which,that which,that whose,of which
关系词 that 关系 代词 which who whom whose 关系 副词
先行词所指 人/物 物 物 人 人 人/物 物 时间 地点 原因