语言学概论复习题

注：我把重复的题目删掉了，选择题的答案，名词解释，问答题参考的书本页码也随这个文档一起上传了。

1. Different functional speech varieties known as ( ) are expected in, say, a church sermon, a diplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast.A. registersB. stylesC. dialectsD. accents2. ( ) is the study of language in relation to the mind.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. LinguisticsD. Semantics3. Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance4.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday5.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement6. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectal方言C. emotiveD. collocation7. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learna second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. Integrative 综合的D. Social8. According to Austin , a speaker, while making an utterance, is inmost cases performing ( ) acts simultaneously.同时(A) two(B) three(C)four(D)five9.The major components of a transformational grammar are ( )(A) syntactic, phonological, and semantic(B)base, deep structure, and surface structure(C)deletion, copying ,addition, and reordering(D)generation and transformation10. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely （）properties of language, and theseproperties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view.A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. semanticD. structural11. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as （）.A. vowelsB. consonantsC. soundsD. speech sounds12. A(n) （）refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.A. rootB. stemC. affixD. morpheme13. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their （）structure.A. linearB. hierarchical分等级的C. constituentD. syntactic14 In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) （）is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence.A. argumentB. subjectC. objectD. predicate15. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone?Speaker B: I’m in the bath.Speaker B is violating the maxim of （）.A. quantityB. qualityC. relationD. manner16. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called （）, e.g., caretake from caretaker.A. back-formation逆构法B. clippingC. blendingD. abbreviating17. It is insulting侮辱to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently固有的（）about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man.A. importantB. unusualC. pejorative轻蔑的D. commendatory18. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human （）.A. brainB. vocal cordsC. tongueD. articulatory organs19. In the （）stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures.A. prelinguisticB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multi-word20. The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as （）.A. ChineseB. EnglishC. Chinese and EnglishD. English and French21. V oicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of （）.A. the velumB. the vocal cordsC. the glottisD. the uvula22. The words that contain only one morpheme are called （）.A. bound morphemesB. affixesC. free morphemesD. roots23. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called （）.A. phase structure rulesB. syntactic rulesC. lexical rulesD. transformational rules24. The naming theory was proposed by （）.A. t he Greek scholar PlatoB.C.K. Ogden and I.A. RichardsC. the British linguist J. FirthD. the American linguist L. Bloomfield25. Speech act theory was first proposed by （）.A. John AustinB. John SearleC. Noam ChomskyD. John Firth26.（）linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time, without reference to earlier or later stages.A. DiachronicB. Synchronic限于一时的C. HistoricalD. Comparative27. Different functional speech varieties known as （）are expected in, say, a church sermon, a diplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast.A. registersB. stylesC. dialectsD. accents29. In general, children’s holophrastic sentences begin （）.A. in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second yearB. in the second half of the second yearC.between two and three years oldD. between four and five years old40. Saussure used () to refer to the abstract抽象的linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. performanceB. paroleC. langueD. competence41. In English, a phoneme may be represented by two or more allophones. The choice of the allophone is ()A. randomB. rule-governedC. haphazardD. unpredictable42. In word-formation, a () is the smallest meaningful unit of language.A. phonemeB. wordC. compoundD. morpheme43. A () category usually refers to a word or phrase that performs a particular grammatical function, such as the subject or predicate in a sentence.A. lexicalB. phrasalC. syntacticD. phonetic44. In the following pairs of words, () are a pair of relational opposites.A.”“buy a nd“sell”B. “male” and “female”C. “hot” and “cold”D. “alive” and “dead”45. The illocutionary point of () has the characteristic that the successful performance of an act of this kind brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality. A. directives B. declarationsC. commissivesD. representatives46. Old English had a rich case-ending system, e.g., Old English noun had four cases, i.e., nominative, genetive, dative and ().A. possessiveB. vocativeC. accusative宾格的D. locative47. () dialects are characteristic of a particular type of linguistic activity and appropriate for use in particular speech situations.A. SocialB. EthnicC. RegionalD. Situational48. Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called ().A. nerve fibersB. nervesC. neurons 神经元D. cerebral cortex49. By the time children are going beyond the () stage, they begin to incorporate some of the inflectional morphemes.A. telegraphicB. multiwordC. two-wordD. one-word1.syntaxponential analysis3.bound morpheme4.morphology5.second language acquisition6.applied linguistics7.homonymy8.bilingualism9.linguistics10.c ultural transmission (as a defining feature of humanlanguage)11.l anguage12.s emantics1.According to John Austin’s new model, please illustrate thethree speech acts a speaker might be performing simultaneously when speaking.2.What are the main features of human languages?3.How is language related to society?4.What does pragmatics study? How does it differ fromtraditional semantics?5.What is register as used by Halliday? Illustrate it with anexample of your own.6.What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your ownexamples to show how flouting these maxims give rise to particularized conversational implicature?Maxim of quantity maxim of quality maxim of relation maxim of manner。