社科院财经系金融学专业考博真题考博英语-育明考研考博

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2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Russia’s economy — until recently one of the fastest growing in Europe — is in dire straits. Traditional industries such as steel are hurting badly. The decade-long consumer boom has turned into a slump as unemployment soars. The government has cash to spend after years of sensible budget policies, but the central bank will be forced to keep interest rates high as long as inflation is stuck in double digits and trust in the ruble remains shaky.The reversal in Russia’s economic fortunes is particularly pain ful. Since 1998 — the year of Russia’s last financial crisis —the economy has expanded eight-fold. As oil prices rocketed, so did the country’s self-confidence. Not content with presiding over the economic boom, the President Vladimir Putin vowed to resto re his country’s great power status. Talks about a partnership with the West gave way to belligerent statements about a new Cold War. In the summer of 2008, Russian tanks trundled into Georgia. In early 2009, a dispute with neighboring Ukraine led Russia to cut off gas flows, leaving people in some European Union countries freezing and factories idle. Most Europeans want to see Russia stable and well-off. But they also believe that the economic crisis might bring opportunities for a political rapprochement. Some hope that the recession might just make the Russian leadership a little more humble or at least trigger reforms that would make it easier for the E. U. to strengthen trade and investment links.But while Russia’s relations with the U. S. have been th awing since Barack Obama took over the White House, E. U.-Russia relations remain frosty. Talks about a new bilateral treaty on political and economic cooperation have made little headway. Hopes for a free trade agreement between Brussels and Moscow have withered after Russia put its application for membership in the World Trade Organization on ice. E. U. -Russia energy cooperation remains stuck, which increases the risk of yet another gas crisis. Europeans have responded to Moscow’s ideas about constructin g a “new European security architecture” with a distinct lack of enthusiasm. Most importantly, perhaps, Russia is incensed about E. U. efforts to draw the countries that lie between the E. U. and Russia closer into its orbit. Russia has traditionally regarded Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and other former Soviet states along its border as its “privileged sphere of influence”,in the words of President Dmitry Medvedev. The E. U.’s new “Eastern Partnership” initiative, launched in May, offers these countries econo mic integration and stronger political ties. Although the E. U. has shied away from talking about the prospect of membership,however distant, it hopes to help its eastern neighbors to become richer, more stable and more democratic. This would leave them better equipped to withstand Russian meddling and bullying.Moscow is particularly unhappy about the E. U.’s offer to include Belarus — traditionally a staunch Moscow ally —in the Eastern Partnership, albeit on the condition that Minsk improve its shoddy human-rights record. When the E. U. recently offered a multibillion-dollar loan to help modernize the Ukrainian pipeline system — conduit for 70% of Russian gas sales to Europe 一 Russian leaders were furious. Moscow has also tried to foil European attempts to build stronger energy links with Azerbaijan. Potential for conflict exists in Georgia, where E. U. observers are the only ones left after Russia force Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and United Nations’ monitors to leave Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Wary of ceding influence to Europe, the Russians have stepped up efforts to maintain their traditional fighting weight in the region. They have given large loans to neighbors hit by the economic crisis and sought to strengthen regional security and economic organizations that tie their neighbors closer to Moscow. They have also taken a more hands-on approach to “frozen conflicts” in Moldova and the Caucasus to keep neighboring governments on their toes.E. U. officials like to insist that its eastern policy does not clash with Russian interests in their common neighborhood. They have asked Russia to take part in some regional initiatives such as an effort to strengthen energy security. So far, though, Russia has refused to play ball. But the E. U. cannot simply pull back and allow Russia to dominate Eastern Europe. It must stick firmly to its objective of helping its neighbors to decide their own destiny. If Europe is to remain credible, there is no other course worth pursuing.1.Which of the following titles would best describe this article?2.Which of the following words best describes the tone of the passage?3.For the author, which of the following adjectives best describes President Putin’s attitude?4.What does the phrase “on their toes” m ean?5.For the author, which of the following should be considered a top priority to ensure peace and stability in Eastern Europe?问题1选项A.Europe and Russia’s Continental Rift.B.Russia’s Geopolitical Role.C.Financial and Economic Mayhem in Russia.D.Crisis Averted between Russia and E .U.问题2选项A.Argumentative.B.Satirical.C.Objective.D.Critical.问题3选项A.Diplomatic.B.Pugnacious.C.Pusillanimous.D.Infantile.问题4选项A.To render neighboring governments impotent.B.To weaken the resolve of the neighboring governments.C.To keep the neighboring governments on a state of constant alert.D.To gain the support of the neighboring governments.问题5选项A.The E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new se curity and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B. Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C. Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B. Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C. Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D. Bilateral contacts between Russia and individual E.U. member states reinforce rather than undermine common E .U. objectives.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。

2002年社科院考博英语真题

中国社会科学院2002年博士研究生入学考试试题PART ⅠV ocabulary (15 points)Section ADirections: Choose the world that is the closest synonym to the underlined word.1. The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.A. demandB. viewC. requestD. opinion2. The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A. written-aboutB. productiveC. artfulD. religious3. Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to diner and then didn't show.A. enlightenmentB. astonishmentC. annoyanceD. contrariness4. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.A. fearlesslyB. confidentlyC. silentlyD. prudently5. There is little learning involved when one is reprimanded two or three months after the deed.A. recommendedB. reproachedC. recompensedD. reversed6. Archaeologists are interested in pottery, figurines and other vestiges of ancient civilizations.A. tracesB. shardsC. productsD. artifacts7. Packaging is designes so as to encourage impetuous shopping.A. extravagantB. carefulC. impotentD. impulsive8. Pan of his general thrift is to be meticulous in verifying monthly expenses.A. painstakingB. dilatoryC. meretriciousD. gaudy9. The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant's trial for murder.A. a decision of guiltyB. a decision to punish by electrocutionC. an impasseD. an unusual verdict10. Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.A. guidanceB. sovereigntyC. anthorityD. suzerainty11. A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse.A. extravagantB. producedC. divergentD. repetitious12. Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional.A. permanentB. temporaryC. corruptD. craven13. The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of V alue they found.A. demolishedB. took overC. inhabitedD. thoroughly14. The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium.A. millionairesB. endorsementsC. governmentsD. donations15. The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.A. overlookedB. praiseC. condemnedD. satisfiedSection BDirections: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.16. When he realized the true nature of the proposal, he____________all communication with the group.A. convertB. revertedC. severedD. make17. The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was____________.A. attainableB. remoteC. imminentD. eminent18. All of the dental instrument need to be____________ before the next patient is seen.A. heatedB. scaldedC. sterilizedD. burned19. Rock climbing is so poular now that many people are able to____________ the steepest face with great agility.A. scaleB. surpassC. overcomeD. mount20. If you call the 911 emergency number, they will____________ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A. assignB. detachC. attachD. dispatch21. His evident____________to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personalityB. characterC. fidelityD. morality22. I don't know why he has been given____________. It wasn't his accomplishment but his wife's .A. acclaimB. confidenceC. reimbursementD. robustness23. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U.S., he will____________work on a five-language opera.A. confineB. indulgeC. resumeD. undergo24. When Ph.D candidates____________their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offered by the prospective universities.A. anticipateB. assumeC. applyD. diminis hed25. My supply of confidence slowly____________as the deadline approached.A. withdrewB. eliminatedC. exterminatedD. diminished26. The battle is of great significance when viewed in the____________of the progress of the war.A. prospectiveB. respectiveC. perspectiveD. prescriptive27. It has lond been known that total sleep____________is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. depositionB. destructionC. deprivationD. reduction28. In that country, hospital doctors don't go sightseeing very often because their work____________almost all their time.A. takes upB. takes offC. takes apartD. takes over29. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be____________before the General Election.A. decomposedB. dispersedC. dissolvedD. disintegrated30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to____________the consequences.A. answer forB. run intoC. abide byD. step intoPART ⅡGrammar (15 points)Section ADirections: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. Switzerland is best known for its majesty mountaion range and thousands flock to the AlpsA B Ceach year to take advantage of their ideal skiing conditions.D32. Police were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up by shooting down protesters and it was inA Bthis chaos that the seeds of political liberation were sown .C D33. Even today, through the hustle and bustle of Nevsky prospect, St Petersburg's main street, theA Bclassical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye.C D34. She is furious of her son's grades in school, which explains why Mark is jealous of Julia's highA B Cmarks on the exam.D35. Smog-choked Southern California demands them. It's a car for people who never want to go toAa gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling gas-less machines has been aB Chard-sell.D36. People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you thes fishA Btheir long life-span. Of course, it hasn't done a lot of good for these carp.C D37. In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people usually strive for their maximum personalAability rating, when they are challenged but can be victorious, rather than merely surmounting theB C D mediocre.38. In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke fromA B agenuine concern for the need yand not any desire for personal accolades.C D39. The armor, infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack thusA B Ccaused the delay in the advance.D40. Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas eveningA B Cwhen peace and calm return to the household.D41. Each employee with a modicum of intelligence would be able to undertake such a basicA B C D process.42. The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemploymentA Band closures than in previous years.C D43. The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform,A Babusing children, and toxic waste.C D44. I was on the verge of incurring Mr. Rochester's wrathA Bby not listening to his prohibitions, while a ray once more shone almost imperceptibly on theC Dhallway wall and I heard his muffled step onthe carpet.45.The above is the most important aspect which apes can be told from more primitive socialA B C D groupings.Section BDirections: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.46. that the earth was flat?A. Used it to be thoughtB. Did it used to be thoughtC. Was it used to being thoughtD. Does it used to be thought47. It is most inappropriate____________in the college VIP lounge.A. for any students to be thereB. for there to be any studentsC. to be any students thereD. to have there any students48. She____________much more accurate responses now, had she taken more pains in devising the questions.A. gotB. would have gotC. had getD. would be getting49. An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students,____________A. wherher they are future physicists or chemists.B. by they future physicists or chemists.C. they are future physicists or chemists.D. they should be future physicists or chemists.50. The general opinion is that he is____________ to complain.A. so much a milquetoastB. too a milquetoastC. too much of a milquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast51. Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably clear that in certain countries—Rwanda, Somalia and parts of the forme Y ugoslavia come to mind—hunger is less a result of an absolute food shortage,____________ a policy decision or the political situation.A. than ofB. rather thanC. but the result ofD. than is52. The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as____________ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.A. doB. doesC. playD. are53. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was____________last week.A. to be startedB. to have startedC. to have been startingD. start54. Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic,____________its grammatical structure.A. the same areB. and so areC. as didD. and so were55. Although money is always useful, it isn't all____________.A. what there is to lifeB. to which there is in lifeC. there is to lifeD. that is in life56. ever so humble, there's no place like home.A. It beB. Be itC. It wasD. Was it57.____________all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions appropriate perhaps only to the holders there of is a basic assumption of anthropologists.A. NearlyB. It is nearlyC. Than nearlyD. Whan nearly58. Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none____________happier for it.A. butB. theC. muchD. any59. The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposal for food production is____________.A. three times more the world averageB. three times as much the world averageC. three times the world averageD. the world average is three times60. The sound of the roaring of a tiger is____________heard by jungle dwellers____________feelings of unease, for a year does not elapse without victims falling to the tiger's ferocity.A. always…withB. ever…withoutC. ever…withD.never…withoutPART ⅢCloze test (10 points)Directions: Choose the word that best completes the meaning.One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production—capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring __ 61__ profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists,__ 62__have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of __ 63__that they call “postindustrial” society. One important change insuch society is that the ownership of__ 64__ amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important__ 65__ of profits and influence; knowledge as well as __ 66__ capital brings profits and influence.There are many__ 67__ with the thesis above, not the least of__ 68__is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not__ 69__ the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the__ 70__ of some new industries indicates. __ 71__, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have__ 72__ many new firms and made some scientists quits rich. In__ 73__ with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be __ 74__ that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e.,major corporations) soon__ 75__ to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the levle of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly __ 76__.Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service __ 77__. Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the __ 78__ of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Ⅲit-eracy in English language has been a severe __ 79__for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and __ 80__ them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.61. A. quantitative B. extensive C. comprehensive D. sophisticated62. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. nevertheless63. A. aggression B. proficiency C. productivity D. evolution64. A. dominant B. impressive C. magnificent D. significant65. A. source B. factor C. component D. element66. A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual67. A. advantages B. consequences C. problems D. potentials68. A. them B. those C. which D. that69. A. deny B. refuse C. admit D. acknowledge70. A. emergence B. innovation C. extinction D. discovery71. A. In addition B. For example C. Above all D. In short72. A. produced B. created C. improved D. facilitated73. A. line B. need C. doubt D. match74. A. idealized B. recognized C. supervised D. summarized75. A. stepped in B. settled down C. leaned over D. mined out76. A. accessible B. important C. popular D. abundant77. A. enterprises B. employment C. professions D. industries78. A. control B. mastery C. search D. pursuit79. A. handicap B. penalty C. inconvenience D. shortcoming80. A. enforce B. punish C. confine D. condemnPART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage ⅠLet us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from thisthat the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum moneywage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seen to have realized that, unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment withour any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom-fax from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.81.“Labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage”.The sentence means____________.A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of laborC. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages82. The classical school refers to____________.A. those scholars with traditional ideasB. the traditional schoolC. the experts who hold to the standard theoryD. all of the above83. According to the author, the supply curve for labor depends on the____________.A. real money wagesB. movement of priceC. function of money-wagesD. both A & B84. “Their”method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not real ized that____________.A. a fall in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal lead to a withdrawal from thelabor market of laborB. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from labormarket of laborC. the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD. the demand of labor is only fora minimum money-wages85. How does labor usually behave?A. Labor would stipulate for money-wages.B. Labor would violently resist a reduction of real wagesC. Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wages.D. Labor would stipulate for real wages.86. The last paragraph of this passage indicates that.A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the1930sB. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U.SC. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor demanding a real wage couldcharacterize the depression of 1930s in the U.SD. both A & BPassage2The law of private international tribunals with respect to conflicts of interest of arbitrators is quite extensive ,albeit by no means uniform. It relates both to what will disqualify an arbitrator and to what the arbitrator must disclose during the selection process. Most national legal systems have statutory rules as to the types of interests, relationships, and experiences that disqualify an arbitrator. Not infrequently, the disqualifying factors are identical for arbitrators and judges, although they may treat domestic and inernational arbitration somewhat differently, and may indeed supplement the international roles with additional features. A closer look reveals that courts and arbitration agencies tend to apply the regulations relatively lightly, recognizing that arbitrators move in the highly interconnected world of affairs, and do not stand aloof from commerce as judges do. Accordingly, acquaintanceship with the parties and their counsel does not suffice to disqualify, whereas actual business or legal connections will. Inasmuch as judges do not seek more work, although arbitrators generally do,suspicions arise that an arbitrator's favor may incline to the party or counsel who has in the past and may again in the future provide employment.The uncertainty in the field is at its most troubling when arbitrators are party-appointed. Some argue that such arbitrators should fulfill the same functions and satisfy the same qualifications as third-patry arbitrators, others dispute any real claim to objectivity. The latter view has had considerable currency, particularly in the United States, where courts and drafters of state laws regard such advocates as pawns of the appointers. Imposing standards of neutrality and disinterestedness on them would be futile.It follows from this dichotomy between party-appointed and non-party- appointed arbitrators that opinion on the question of their nationality is also split. A party needs to be expected to choose a fellow national. This question of nationality is acute whan one party to the arbitration is a governmental agency and one or more of the arbitrators are likewise nationals; a foreign enterprisecontract calling for such arbitration may be foolhardy.The slate is largely blank with respect to roles for the conduct of arbitrators outside the field of conflict of interests. Considering only the matter of ex-parte communications, American case law is astonishing lax, refusing to set aside awards where such communication obtained between an arbitrator and a party without the presence of the other party, thereby violating evidentiary rules requiring the attendance of both parties. The differences in views on this topic indicate how useful a set of guidelines might be.87. The best title for this passage is____________.A. International Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsB. Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsC. Arbitrators: Problems in PracticeD. International Arbitrators and Conflicts of Interests88. The expression“They may treat ”refers to____________.A. arbitrators and judgesB. national legal systemsC. experiencesD. disqualifying factors89. Courts and agencies____________.A. do not apply their regulations strictlyB. often consider arbitrators as judgesC. understand the general relationship between businesses and arbitratorsD. may be described by all of the above90. A third-party arbitrator is one who is chosen____________.A. to supplement the two arbitrators chosen by the contending sidesB. to reach a final decision after the two arbitrators have submitted their decisionC. by someone not involved in the matter in disputeD. as a pawn of the appointers91. A foreign enterprises contract is a bad idea____________.A. in all casesB. when each partner picks an arbitratorC. when third party arbitrators are involvedD. when a government agency is one side of the contract92. “Ex-parte communications” refers to____________.A. something that cannot be determined by the textB. all parties being present when matters involving them are discussedC. the requirement to set aside a decisionD. impartialityPassage3Ask an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don't bother, here's the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we learned in our day , like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.What are they learning? In a V ermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy storebook rack, next to typical kids' books like“Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy is …Dysfunctional‟”. It's a teacher's guide called“Happy To Be Me”,subtitled“Building Self-Esteem”. Self-esteem as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it“whole language”teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was“the subject”, be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered th at“near”,“fit”，“friendly”,“pleasing”,“like”and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally, I lived may school years beneath a torrent of castigation so consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important,subjects have changed. Whereas I learned English, modem kids learn something called “language skills”. Whereas I learned writhing, modem kids learn something calld“communication”. Communication, the book tell us, is seven per cent words, twenty three per cent facial expression, tweny per cent tone of voice, and fifty per cent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn at most a grade of seve per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in “How to Win Friends and Influence People”. Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high shcool English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in dimes, searching their soul and honing their critical thinking on paper.“Happy To Be Me”states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use “great”or“hopefully”that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses（an antique term for“Unit”）was not to help students“feel good about themselves”. Which is good, because all that reviling didn't make me feel particularly good about anything.93. In paragraph 2,“whole language”teaching is in inverted commas because____________.A. the writer is using direct speechB. the writer is questioning the education conceptC. the words quoted have been extracted from a translationD. the writer is quoting from another source94. In paragraph 3, the author is clearly expressing his idea about self-esteem. He believes that it is____________.A. essential that self-esteem should be promoted in American schools because the author usedto suffer from a lack of self-esteem as a child.B. equally important to equip children with the necessary skills and knowledges they willreguire in the futureC. important to remember how much school children used to suffer from a lack ofself-esteemD. reassuring to observe that children can benefit from the promotion of a positive image95. Which of the following is the writer implying in paragraph 4？A. Self-criticism has gone too far.B. Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowadays.C. Communication is a more comprehensive category than language skills.D.This column does not meet the demanding evaluating criteria of today.96. We may infer from paragraph 4 that the writer generally disagrees with one of the following ideas____________ .A. the whole concept of communication is being perceived differentlyB. the way American children communicate among themselves in more important thananything elseC. academic skills should be encouraged and promoted in the American education systemD. the progress that American children could be monitor wiht more traditional methods97. In this passage, the writer is chearly stating the intention which is to get the reader to____________.A. confirm current education trends and teaching methodsB. rethink and reorganize educational strategiesC. think about the various elements which constitute what wecall“communication”nowadaysD. reassure the parents about the methodology currently being used in American schools98. What's the best summary for this passage?A. New educational theories will revolutionize the way our children learn.B. The influence of new methodology will spread wordwide.C. Personal values like self-esteem will become predominant for school children in thefuture.D. Current education trends may jeopardize the prospects of future generations.Passage4“Sloganeering” did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a “host-sout.”“war cry,”or “gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field.”Englisch -speaking people began using the trem by 1704. The term at the time meant“the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons.” Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as “passwords to insure pooper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle. ” The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without “the Boston Massacre,” “the Boston Tea Party,”“the shot heard around the world ,” and shouts of “no taxation without representation”.Slogans operate in society as “social symbols”and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals an groups.Because slogans may operate as“significant symbols” or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes in possible by the manipulation of。

清华大学社会科学学院理论经济学专业考博真题-参考书-分数线-复习方法-育明考博

清华大学社会科学学院理论经济学专业考博指导与分析一、清华大学考博资讯科学技术哲学包括科学技术与产业的哲学研究、历史文化研究、社会研究和政策研究四个方向，综合考试为面试+笔试，笔试科目：科学技术史研究”。

报考科学技术与社会研究所的考生统一填报导师：杨舰教授。

政治学各方向要求：综合考试为复试，复试包括笔试和面试两部分，择优选拨。

阎学通、史志钦、陈琪、吴大辉、孙学峰、赵可金、陈懋修七位老师只招少数民族高层次骨干人才计划考生。

发展中国家问题研究方向要求：1.应届本科生、应届硕士生、已获硕士学位考生可报名； 2.所有考生参加9月的普博报名，提交申请材料，经审核通过后参加综合考试；3.专业方向及其他报考信息参见项目招生简章。

刘精明教授只招少数民族高层次骨干人才计划考生。

（一）考试科目及各方向导师：1.020100理论经济学研究方向01：政治经济学、西方经济学、经济史。

导师分别是刘涛雄、赵准、高淑娟、龙登高、蔡继明、王生升、王勇、黄德海、孟捷、陈志武。

考试的科目：（1）101英语（100%）。

（2）257西方经济学（含微观、宏观经济学）（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

（二）专业课指定参考书目：清华大学的各个专业都不指定参考书目，大家在平时的复习和备考过程中还应密切关注出题老师最新的学术研究动态，并且要对往年的专业课真题进行深入细致的分析和研究，另外还要搜集出题老师上课使用的课件、讲义、笔记等资料进行复习备考。

二、清华大学考博英语题型Part1:完形填空（词汇），共10分，20小题(两篇短文）。

Part2:阅读理解，共34分，4篇短文，4小题/1篇短文。

Part3:翻译，共40分，（汉译英20分3句话；英译汉20分3句话）。

Part4:写作，共16分，要求字数不得少于200字。

三、清华大学考博英语参考书“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，育明考博教研部主编的河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的最权威的复习资料，俗称“考博绿皮书”。

社科院财政学专业考博真题解析考试内容复习资料分数经验分享-育明考博

社科院财政学专业考博考试内容复习资料-育明考博一、社科院财政学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容财政学2人①英语（100分）②经济学原理（100分）③财政学（100分）①外国语综合能力测试50分（含口语及听力）②专业综合150分（笔试、面试））育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、社科院财政学专业考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有三位导师：高培勇、杨志勇、马珺3、加试科目：对同等学历考生，初试加试高等数学，复试阶段须加试（笔试）两门本专业硕士阶段主干课程。

加试科目成绩采取百分制（不计入总成绩），60分为合格，不合格者不予录取。

4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。

专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

5、社科院考博初试外语中不含听力。

6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。

育明教育考博分校针对社科院民法学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（社科院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）二、社科院财经系历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）年份录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2013年外语A 类46分B 类51分（其他语种及外文系二外60分）专业课60分50人/13人2014年外语A 类46分B 类51分（其他语种及外文系二外60分）专业课60分50人/13人育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、财经系共有5个专业，各个专业之间报录比差别还是比较大的。

2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。

人大金融学专业考博参考书-育明考博

人大金融学考博参考书一、人大金融学专业考博专业课部分参考书（育明考博推荐）020204金融学《西方经济学》高鸿业中国人民大学出版社《经济学原理》曼昆中国人民大学出版社曼昆的《宏观经济学》、范蠡安的《微观经济学》为辅助《金融学》黄达中国人民大学出版社《货币金融学》（第九版）弗雷德里克·S ·米什金中国人民大学出版社《公司理财》A 罗斯（吴世农译）机械工业出版社杂志：《金融研究》、《国际金融研究》、《中国金融统计年鉴》育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

建议大家可以在专业课老师的指导下来高效率、高质量完成这项工作，为整个备考的成功构建基础。

2、专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要使用相关的参考书笔记、导师课件讲义、各专题总结。

读哪一些资料有用、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

（人大考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询陈老师叩叩：伍四七，零六叁，捌六贰）二、人大金融学专业考博专业课真题（育明考博）（一）2010年中国人民大学金融学专业博士研究生入学考试真题财政金融学院经济学综合试题1.短期菲利普斯曲线与长期菲利普斯曲线的关系及政策含义。

（30分）2.内生增长理论的内容及政策含义。

（30分）3.利用“囚徒困境”的模型来说明寡头合作的不稳定性。

（40分）财政金融学院金融学综合试题1.试阐述我国信贷膨胀与资产价格之间的相互关系。

（30分）2.论述股指期货对我国资本市场的影响。

（30分）3.阐述在货币体系改革中我国扮演的角色。

（40分）（二）2011年中国人民大学金融学专业博士研究生入学考试真题财政金融学院经济学综合试题1.比较凯恩斯、古典、常规三种总供给曲线以及对政策的作用。

清华大学社会学专业考博真题参考书老师笔记-育明考博

育明考博分校
清华大学考博资料、辅导课程咨询育明考博张老师
士及公务员），有 5 年及以上教育管理及相关工作经验，具有硕士学位； 8．对以同等学力身份报考的人员，还必须同时具备下列条件： 1）获得学士学位后在所要报考专业、学科或相近的领域工作六年或六年以上（从获得学士学位到
博士生入学之日），并达到与硕士毕业生同等学力的人员； 2）已修完所报考专业的硕士学位课程及选修课程且成绩合格（须提供授课单位的成绩证明）； 3）已在所要报考的学科或相近的研究领域的全国核心期刊上发表过二篇以上的学术论文（以第一
执行，报考与普通博士同期进行。
4、博士生入学英语考试大致相当于全国大学英语六级水平。
（清华大学社会科学学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）
二、清华大学社会学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)
专业
方向
招生人数
初试内容
复试内容
030300 社会学
01 城市经济学 02 组织社会学 03 社会分层 05 消费社会学 06 转型社会学 11 劳工社会学
外语 50 分专业课 50 分
103 人/51 人
2015 年
外语 55 分专业课 60 分
95 人/47 人
育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：
1、清华大学不允许研究生同时有两个及以上学籍。
2、如无特殊说明，各专业均可招收脱产学习定向就业博士生，招生名额已含在各招生院系的总招生名
额中。
3、2016 年招收少数民族高层次骨干人才专项计划、高校思想政治理论课教师专项计划按教育部计划
调一点，考生应查看导师近五年中发表的文章以及导师近年的专著，有些观点、数据、理论要掌握，

2016年社科院财经系旅游管理专业考博真题考博英语-育明考研考博

中国社科院财经系旅游管理专业考博英语真题报考分析--育明考博一、中国社会科学研究院旅游管理专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容120203旅游管理2016年2人①1001英语②2002管理学原理③3190旅游管理①外国语综合能力测试50分（含口语及听力）②专业综合150分（笔试、面试）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、中国社会科学研究院旅游管理专业考博的报录比平均在6:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有3个研究方向：01旅游经济与管理（王诚庆）02旅游与现代服务业（夏杰长）03旅游业投融资（姚战琪）3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大，要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数，专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

4、以同等学力资格报考的考生初试时需加试高等数学和“政治理论”(考试范围：马克思主义经典选读、中国特色社会主义理论)，复试时需加试两门本专业硕士学位主干课程（笔试）。

5、入学考试总成绩=初试成绩*60%+复试成绩*40%。

育明教育考博分校针对中国社会科学研究院旅游管理专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（中国社会科学研究院财经系考博资料获取、课程咨询育明张老师叩叩：772678537）二、中国社会科学研究院财经系历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、中国社会科学研究院财经系共有5个博士招生专业：020203财政学、020204金融学、020205产业经济学、020206国际贸易学、120203旅游管理，各个专业竞争压力还是比较大的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：63

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t know much about politics,but he’s always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an（）.问题1选项A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。

句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。

他多少是个……。

C选项符合题意。

2.单选题The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.问题1选项A.collaborationB.worthC.triumphD.defect【答案】B【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。

A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。

B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and （）of specific folktales in their pristine form.问题1选项A.perpetuationB.perceptibilityC.perpetrationD.perplexity【答案】A【解析】考查形近名词辨析。

中国社会科学院投资经济系考博真题导师分数线内部资料

微调论；新政府干预论。主要学术论文：今年稳定物价的政策着力点；经济高增长果实
没有真正落实在国民福利；析中国经济持续快速增长支撑因素；政府下一步应当继续微
调利率；调整出口导向政策扩大国民消费需求；经济并未总体过热宏观调控仍需“点刹”；
“十一五”时期我国经济快速增长的动力；调控产能过剩要防止紧缩过度；当前经济形
研究方向为宏观经济和区域经济，出版有《走向 2020：中国中长期发展的挑战和对策》（2011 年）、《调整和转型——中国经济发展战略和中长期规划研究》（2009 年）、《“十一五”时期中国经济社会发展的若干重大问题研究》（2005 年）、《21 世纪初期中国经济社会发展战略》（2005 年）、《知识经济与中国经济发展》（2000 年）、《中国区域经济政策研究》（1998 年）《广州迈向国家中心城市的战略选择》（2012 年）、《珠海发展战略研究》（2009 年）等著作。在《人民日报》、《光明日报》、《经济日报》、《求是》、《经济研究》、《宏观经济研究》、《宏观经济管理》、《经济理论与经济管理》等报刊上发表论文和文章上百篇。近年来承担的课题主要有：2012 年中财办课题《加快转变经济发展方式研究》、2009 年中财办课题《关于国民经济结构调整战略研究》、2008 年国家发改委课题《“十二五”时期经济社会发展的总体思路及目标研究》、2006 年中财办课题《调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式问题研究》等。2001、2003、2004、2006 年分获国家发改委优秀研究成果奖一等奖，2000 年和 2013 年分获国家发改委优秀研究成果奖二等奖。
臧跃茹，1964 年 11 月出生。现任国家发展和改革委员会经济研究所副所长，研究员，博士生导师。
主要从事有关宏观经济、体制改革、产业政策、微观企业制度、企业竞争力理论等方面的研究，尤其在国有资产管理体制、国有企业改革、国有经济布局与结构调整、外资并购管理政策、企业发展中长期规划和战略研究领域等方面有着研究与咨询服务方面的经验。主要著作：大型企业集团发展政策研究，中国企业集团体制模式，企业改组与结构调整，中外企业联姻，打破地方市场分割。

社科院考博经济学真题与答案

比约30%
论述题：对经济学理论或现象进行深入分析，分值占比
约40%
计算题：经济学模型或数据的计算与分析，
分值占比约 20%
案例分析题：结合实际案例分析经济学原理或政策，分值占比约10%
真题难度与特点
添加标题
难度：社科院考博经济学真题难度较大，主要考察考生对经济学理论和实践的深入理解及综合运用能力。
交流与分享：参加备考交流会、与考友分享经验、互相鼓励支持
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汇报人：XX
汇报时间：20XX/01/01
题目：论述发展中国家如何实现经济赶超。答案：发展中国家可以通过制定合适的经济政策、加强基础设施建设、促进技术创新和人才培养等措施，实现经济赶超。
答案：发展中国家可以通过制定合适的经济政策、加强基础设施建设、促进技术创新和人才培养等措施，实现经济赶超。
题目：分析发展中国家在经济发展过程中面临的主要挑战。答案：发展中国家在经济发展过程中面临的主要挑战包括资源短缺、环境压力、人口增长、贫困和不平等等问题。
06.
社科院考博经济学真题备考资料推荐
单击添加章节标题内容
01
社科院考博经济学真题概览
02
真题来源与获取方式
真题来源：社科院考博经济学真题主要来源于历年考试真题和模拟试题
获取方式：可以通过购买、下载或在线学习平台获取社科院考博经济学真题
真题题型与分值分布
简答题：简述经济学原理或概念，分值占
《宏观经济学》作者：曼昆
《政治经济学教程》作者：宋涛
《西方经济学》作者：高鸿业
学习资料与网站推荐
经济学经典教材：曼昆《经济学原理》、萨缪尔森《经济学》等

中央财经大学产业经济学考博复习资料-育明考研考博

格致出版社 (2011 第八版)
上海财经大学出版社 (2005 第二版)
中国人民大学出版社(2012)
上海财经大学出版社 (2009 第三版)
育明考博分校
中央财经大学考博资料、辅导课程咨询育明考博杜老师
《产业经济学与组织》
《经济开放与中国产业发展》《政府管制经济学导论》
《市场国际化与市场结构优化问题研究》
育明考博分校
中央财经大学考博资料、辅导课程咨询育明考博杜老师
中央财经经济学院产业经济学考博初试复试考试指导-育明考博
一、中央财经大学产业经济学专业博士招生考试内容（育明课程中心）
招生专业招生人数
初试考试科目
复试考试科目
020205 产业经济学
1人
①1001 英语
①科研基础与科研潜质测试（90
②2001 经济学基础
直接影响到考生的分数。
育明教育考博分校针对中央财经大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课
程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在 80%以上。根植育明
学校从 2006 年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一
位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。（中央财经大学考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三、二四一、二二六）
七、中央财经大学考博课程分阶段授课内容（育明考博课程规划）
以下是育明教育考博课程的授课规划，整个授课规划由本专业统考博士生组织设定，结合了本专业考试命题的实际，借鉴了历届育明成功学员的复习计划和成功经验，是育明教育辅导课程授课质量的保证和高录取率的基础。考生们也可以借鉴这一复习规划来指导自己的备考。

中国社会科学院财经系金融学专业考博真题导师分数线内部资料

中国社会科学院财经系金融学专业考博真题导师分数线内部资料一、专业的设置、招生人数及考试科目院系(招生人数)专业(招生人数)研究方向导师考试科目404财经系(13)020204金融学(2)01国际金融与投资裴长洪①1001英语②2001经济学原理③3187金融学02金融理论与政策何德旭①1001英语②2001经济学原理③3187金融学03城市与房地产金融倪鹏飞①1001英语②2001经济学原理③3187金融学04金融经济学钟春平①1001英语②2001经济学原理③3187金融学二、导师介绍裴长洪：财贸经济系博士生导师。

1954年出生于福建省闽侯县。

现任中国社会科学院经济研究所所长、党委书记。

主要从事宏观经济、国际贸易等相关领域研究。

主要承担课题：2009年国家社科基金重大招标项目《完善我国境外投资政策体系研究》；2011年国家社科基金重大项目《社会主义基本经济制度研究》；2009年国家自然科学基金项目《金融危机防范与公司治理研究》；2010年广东省委、省政府委托课题《广东经验：跨越中等收入陷阱》。

论文《论我国利用外资进入新阶段》获2010年中国社会科学院第7届优秀科研成果三等奖；专著《后危机时代中国开放型经济》获2011年国家商务部优秀科研成果二等奖；担任第十六届中央政治局第22次集体学习讲解人；参加2011年《政府工作报告》起草工作；1996年获国务院特殊津贴；2005年入选中宣部“四个一批”人才工程。

1999年至2002年曾两次当选国际社会科学理事会执行委员并出席执委会；被俄罗斯科学院远东研究所授予名誉博士称号（2000年10月），2001年4月被俄罗斯自然科学院授予外籍院士称号；2001年7月被美国肯塔基州州长授予该州荣誉称号“肯塔基上校”。

何德旭，中国社会科学院研究生院财经系教授、博士生导师。

1962年9月出生于湖北省潜江市。

1998年毕业于陕西财经学院金融系，获得经济学博士学位。

现任中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所党委书记、副所长、研究员。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第69期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Terrorism proves to be a more serious problem than anticipated, and it challenges both policymakers burdened with the design of countermeasures and social scientists who are called upon to explain it Terrorism’s unique nature is revealed by two phenomena. First, public perception of threat and danger seems to be disproportionate to terrorists’actual capabilities. Second, terrorism, more than any other form of warfare, has an impact on a target group immensely larger than that of the immediate victims and often on populations beyond that terrorism bears primarily on individuals’ perceptions, on the “public mind”; in other words, it is a form of psychological warfare.The psychological impacts of political terrorism are potentially manifest in individuals’ emotional and attitudinal responses. In the realm of emotions, the fear and concern for personal safety, which terror tactics might give rise to, is a revealing indicator of their effectiveness. One could argue, of course, that terrorists’ability to sow wides pread fear hardly needs proof as it is obvious that violence and particularly the terrorists’hallmark, randomly targeted violence, are anxiety inducing. It should be noted, however, that terrorism has claimed relatively few casualties to date, and that in most countries the actual probability of incurring harm from terroristic activity is only a fraction of, say, the risk of death or injury in vehicle accidents or common crimes. Hence, the power of terrorism to intimidate should not be taken for granted.In timidation and the induction of fear are not the ends of terrorists’activity but rather means to effect political change. Their violence is predicated on two assumptions: (a) Violent action can force the causes pursued by terrorists into the forefront of an indifferent public’s awareness; (b) faced with the choice between continuing violence and acceptance of the terrorists’demands, the public might opt for the latter. Thus, the attitudes that the targets of political terrorism develop toward its perpetrators, their objectives, and the actions that ought to be undertaken visrd-vis them constitute telling measures of the effectiveness of terrorism.The present investigation sought to assess the psychological reactions of a public which has been exposed for a considerable length of time to the threats and actions of terrorist. Regarding emotional impacts, the data suggest that terrorism’s ability to intimidate, to induce worry and concern, disproportionally exceeds the actual damage it causes. According to the data gathered, the actual probability of being victimized by terrorist activity was extremely low; estimated at less than 1/20 of the likelihood of being hurt in a road accident. Yet a large majority of the respondents expressed worry about the risk of personally incurring the consequences of terrorism. It might be uncontrollability dramatically enhance its impact. Thus, while the risk of vehicle driving might be far greater than the danger of terrorism, the car driver is usually reassured by a subjective feeling of control which the potential victim of terrorism lacks. The survey results indicate that terrorism has failed to produce the change in attitudes sought by its perpetrators. Most respondents favored, instead, the reliance on extreme counterterrorist measures. The hardening of Israelis attitudes toward terrorists and their objectives was also revealed by the respondents’unanimity of opinion. Taken together, the data concerning the emotional impact of terrorism and its effects on attitudes did not bear out the rationale which governs terroristic action. Despite the widespread concern and worry revealed by these data, there was no evidence of any willingness to politically concede to terrorists. On the contrary, and as already noted, the majority advocated the adoption of harsh measures against terrorists. Thus, at least insofar as Palestinian terrorism and the Israeli public are concerned, proves to be counterproductive.1.According to the author, which of the following is true about terrorism?2.The author states that injury or death is more likely to be sustained from automobile accidents than by terrorism, and from this we can conclude that（）.3.According to the author, fear of terrorism is intensified by（）.4.The author compares public perception of the threat of terrorism to the risk of vehicle injury or death in order to（）.5.Which of the following best summarizes the author’s conclusions?问题1选项A.Public fear is inversely affected by terrorists’ capacity for destruction.B.Resolving the problem of terrorism requires cooperation between governments and terrorists.C.Terrorism incites fear in populations besides that targeted and on a greater scale.D.Terrorism is an inevitability and must be eradicated.问题2选项A.terrorism is irrelevant and more time and effort should be allotted to other social demandsB.the efficacy of terrorism can be witnessed by the emotional response of the publicC.anxiety resulting from terrorism should be clinically treatedD.the psychological effects of terrorism are inferior to that of vehicle accidents问题3选项A.the seemingly haphazard and unsystematic attacksB.the increased risks of personal injury by terrorismC.ever-collapsing social order due to endless global terror attacksD.the inability of government to control terrorism问题4选项A.further evaluate the differences and similarities between the twoB.show that one is more likely to die from daily routines than by terrorismC.reveal the inability of a person to influence the outcome of a terror attackD.exemplify chaos theory and reveal the consequences of each act问题5选项A.The objectives of terrorists are met with public disdain and as a result the Israeli government and Israelis have adopted stringent action to counter terrorism.B.The Israeli public unanimously believed that the government should concede to terrorists’ demands, and the government should adopt policies in favor of terrorists in order to reduce violence.C.Terrorists should be punished strictly and swiftly with littl e regard for the terrorists’ autonomy when concerning imprisonment and torture.D.Israeli public perception of terrorism has not changed, and harsh measures for counterterrorism must be adopted; however, governments should try to work with terrorist groups where applicable to reduce casualties.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B 第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。

2024年中国社会科学院大学801经济学考博真题回忆版及答案解析

2024年中国社会科学院大学801经济学考博真题回忆版及答案解析（一）厂商成本函数为C（Q）=F+0.5a Q21．求厂商的规模报酬区间2．厂商的供给函数3．若市场需求函数为P=A-b Q（A,b均为正数），市场由该厂商唯一供给，且厂商是价格接受者，在什么条件下存在唯一的市场均衡？【育明教育解析】1.AC=C Q=F Q+12aQ当F Q=12Aq，即Q=2F a时，AC取最小值2aF故Q在0，2F a2F a，+∞上规模不经济1.MC=dC dQ=aQ=p∴供给函数为Q=P a，（p≥2aF）0，（p<2aF）2.p=A−bQQ=P a=>p=aA a+b，Q=A a+b唯一均衡存在的条件是：p=aA a+b≥2aF（二）有a，b两人，消费物品1,2。

效用函数分别为，，a，b 的禀赋分别为（9,3）和（12,6）1．求1和2的超额需求函数，并验证瓦尔拉斯法则2．求均衡价格3．若经济禀赋为（21,9），写出契约线方程。

【育明教育解析】1.对a来说，maxx1a,x2a ln x1a+2ln x2a s.t.p1x1a+p2x2a≤9p1+3p2用lagrangean 乘子法，得：1x 1a =λP 12x 2a =λP 2=>2x 1a P 1=2x 2ap 2代入约束式并取等号解得：x 1a =3+P 2p 1，x 2a =2+6P 1p 2同理，对b 来说，解得：x 1b =4+2P 2p 1，x 2b =4+8P 1p 2∴z 1（P 1）=x 1a +x 1b−21=3P 2p 1−14；z 2（P 2）=x 2a +x 2b−9=14P 1p 2−3∴z 1（P 1）∙P 1+z 2（P 2）∙P 2=0，满足walras 法则2.令z 1（P 1）=0，得：P 2p 1=1433.在契约线上，应有两人的边际替代率相等，即∂U a∂x 1a ∂U a∂x 2a =∂U b∂x 1b ∂U b ∂x 2b ∴1x 1a 2x 2a =121−x 1a 19−x 2a =>9x 1a =21x 2a ，或写成x 2a =37x 1a（以a 的坐标轴）（三）三个小国1，2，3，其中1，2为生产国，3为消费国。

2019年中国科学院经济学金融学考博真题及考博参考书笔记

wwwyumingeducom2019年中国科学院经济学金融学考博真题及考博参考书笔记2019育明考博马老师总结温馨提示每个院校考博的时间基本不一样所以建议考生一定要按照梯次选择45个院校报考比如2018年育明学员被北大社科院南开首经贸四个院校同时录取这样大家就有的选择了不至于孤注一掷只报考一个院校最后白白耽误时间
B: K L,且 L 为奇数，博弈树如下
①
攻
②
攻
① ……——— ② 攻（k-L,0）
不
不
不
（K,L+1.5）
（K+0.5,L-1）（K-2,L-0.5）（K-L+1，2.5）
此时，最后一步①将发现②只剩一个营，①会攻，倒数第二步时，②会不攻；……第一
步时①会攻，结果是①占领。
C: K =L,且 L 为偶数类似画出博弈树，最后一步②面临双方都剩一个营，②会不攻；倒数第二步时，①会
F: K L,且 k 为奇数。最后一步①将发现自己只剩一个营，①会不攻；倒数第二步时，②会攻……第一步时①
会不攻，结果是②占领。
综上，K L 时，兵力多的一方占领，K=L 时，视奇偶性而定。
二、2020 年经济学金融学考博参考书及复习技巧
根据对 2010-2019 年北大、清华、人大、中财、贸大、社科院、复旦、中山、武大等院校经济学金融学考博真题的分析，基本上每个院校考察的相差不大，基本是高级宏观经济学、高级微观经济学、高级计量经济学。
育明考研考博官网：
攻，……第一步时①会攻，结果是①占领。
D: K =L,且 L 为奇数最后一步①画临双方都剩一个营，①会不攻；倒数第二步时，②会攻……第一步时①会
不攻，结果是②占领。
E: K L,且 k 为偶数最后一步②将发现①只剩一个营，②会攻；倒数第二步时，①会不攻，结果是②占领。

中国社会科学院考博英语-1

中国社会科学院考博英语-1(总分：69.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：15，分数：13.50)1.With the awfully limited vocabulary to only a thousand words or fewer, the reader resemblesa color blind artist who is only aware of a few colors and consequently his ability to create on canvas is lamentably restricted.（分数：1.00）A.auspiciouslyB.deplorably √C.suspiciouslyD.disbelievingly解析：[解析] lamentably意为“哀伤地，不幸地，拙劣地”。

B选项：deplorably意为“可叹地，悲惨地”，与画线的单词意义相符，如：Business is deplorably dull．(生意极为不景气。

)句意：只有一千个或更少的有限词汇量的读者就像一个色盲的艺术家，只知道几种颜色，因此他在画布上的创造能力也相当有限。

故选B。

A选项：auspiciously繁荣昌盛，前途顺利，吉祥；C选项：suspiciously疑心很深地；D选项：disbelievingly怀疑地。

2.After a few short but interminable seconds, U. S. Astronaut Neil Armstrong placed his foot firmly on the fine-grained surface of the moon. The time was 10.. 56 pm, July 20,1969.（分数：1.00）A.inseparableB.fastC.indelibleD.long √解析：[解析] interminable意为“持续得过长的”。

中国社会科学院大学在职研究生院考金融学题目及答案同等学力

金融学1：简述金融体系信息不对称原理金融系统中存在信息不对称问题，信息不对称就是在金融活动中，一方比另一方拥有更多的相关信息。

信息不对称会产生道德风险和逆向选择。

金融中的道德风险是指，资金短缺者在获得了投资者提供的资金后，从事一些投资者所不希望的活动；逆向选择是由于信息不对称，使贷款者选择的结果往往是那些风险更高的借款者或保险公司选择的是那些风险最高的投保人，而将风险较低的借款者或投保人排挤出了市场，在股份公司中，由信息不对称引起的道德风险和逆向选择主要表现为委托—代理问题和内部人控制。

2：简述中国利率风险结构利率风险一般被定义为“由于利息率的变化导致损失的风险（或者收益风险）”，把与净利息收入相关的风险称为结构风险。

影响因素主要取决于利率对期限的敏感性，关键在于国家的长期宏观经济政策和企业投资的远期赢利能力。

迄今为止，中国的存贷款利率结构极其简单，即长期利率会高于短期利率。

3：简述货币层次划分的基本内容各国中央银行在建立货币统计体系时，一般根据各种金融资产的流动性不同，将货币分为三个层次：M0=现金；M1=M0+各种活期存款；M2=M1+各种定期存款。

我国人民银行的统计体系是：M0=流通中现金；M1=M0+单位活期存款；M2=M1+单位定期存款+储蓄存款+其他存款。

其中：“单位”就是企业、机关、部队和事业团体。

居民个人的活期存款和定期存款都被统计在储蓄中，其他存款是指证券公司的客户保证金。

不同的资产具有不同的流动性。

被纳入货币统计范围的资产都具有很高的流动性。

所谓资产的流动性，就是指将一项资产转换为现金而不受损失的能力。

货币性就是指一项资产执行货币职能的能力的高低。

这种分类的经济学意义在于，M1（狭义货币），一般构成了现实购买力，对当期的物价水平有直接的影响；而M2（广义货币），其中包含暂时不用的存款，他们是潜在的购买力，对于分析未来的总需求趋势较为重要。

4：简述金融体系的主要功能金融体系是一个经济体中资金流动的基本框架，它是资金流动的工具（金融资产）、市场参与者（中介机构）和交易方式（市场）等各金融要素构成的综合体，同时，由于金融活动具有很强的外部性，在一定程度上可以是为准公共产品。

社科院经济学原理考博真题

理解题目：仔细阅读题目，把握题目的核心内容和要求。
理论联系实际：在回答问题时，要将所学的经济学原理与现实生活中的实际情况相结合，进行深入的分析和阐述。
逻辑清晰：在回答问题时，要注意逻辑的严密性和清晰性，思路要清晰，表达要准确。
突出重点：在回答问题时，要突出重点，强调关键点，让阅卷老师能够快速地理解你的观点和思路。
经济学原理考研网：专注于经济学原理考研的网站，提供全面的考研信息和资料，包括真题、模拟试题和视频课程等。
汇报人：XX
握情况。
考察内容：市场供需均衡理论考察题型：简答题、论述题、计算题考察重点：价格弹性、消费者行为、生产者行为等解题思路：结合实际案例，运用所学理论进行分析和解释
2018年考博真题：多元回归分析
2019年考博真题：时间序列分析
2020年考博真题：面板数据分析
2021年考博真题：计量经济学模型选择与评估
考试形式：包括选择题、简答题、论述题等多种题型，全面考察学生的综合素质。
PART TWO
国民收入核算：考察对国民收入核算方法、核算指标及其相互关系的理解。
宏观经济学概述：考察对宏观经济学基本概念和理论的掌握情况。
经济增长与经济发展：考察对经济增长、经济发展基本理论
及其影响因素的理解。
通货膨胀与失业：考察对通货膨胀、失业及其相关政策的掌
模拟考试：模拟真实考试环境和流程，提高答题技巧和时间管理能力
题海战术：大量练习真题和模拟题，掌握考试题型和出题规律，提高应试能力
PART FIVE
《宏观经济学》作者：曼昆
《微观经济学》作者：平狄克
《经济学原理》作者：萨缪尔森
《货币银行学》作者：米什金

2012年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．But two hurdles stand in the way of Russia’s realizing its space dreams: a collapsing public-education system and a brain drain that for decades has been siphoning off the country’s highly trained engineers as they move to better-paying jobs in the West.A．obstaclesB．propheciesC．hasslesD．outcomes正确答案：A解析：A项意为“障碍”；B项意为“预言”；C项意为“激战”；D项意为“结果”。

句子中画线单词hurdles意为“篱笆，障碍”，因此，A选项符合题意。

2．Its subject is “life-as-spectacle”, for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without: the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are, asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likeable hero.A．insideB．outsideC．lackingD．surrounding正确答案：B解析：A项意为“内部”；B项意为“外部，外界”；C项意为”缺乏”；D 项意为“周围的，附近的”。