Computer General Terms
计算机专业英语翻译
国家计算机教育认证 计算机英语计算机英语词汇对译蒙阴高新电脑学校资料整理:孙波2010年9月1日IT CF AC gaoxindiannaoxuexiao⏹PC personal computer 个人计算机⏹IBM International Business Machine 美国国际商用机器公司的公司简称,是最早推出的个人计算机品牌。
⏹Intel 美国英特尔公司,以生产CPU芯片著称。
⏹Pentium Intel公司生产的586 CPU芯片,中文译名为“奔腾”。
⏹Address地址⏹Agents代理⏹Analog signals模拟信号⏹Applets程序⏹Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口⏹Attachment附件⏹Access time存取时间⏹access存取⏹accuracy准确性⏹ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件⏹Add-ons 插件⏹Active-matrix主动矩阵⏹Adapter cards适配卡⏹Advanced application高级应用⏹Analytical graph分析图表⏹Analyze分析⏹Animations动画⏹Application software 应用软件⏹Arithmetic operations算术运算⏹Audio-output device音频输出设备⏹Basic application基础程序⏹Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案⏹Binary system二进制系统⏹Bit比特⏹Browser浏览器⏹Bus line总线⏹Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元⏹Business-to-consumer企业对消费者⏹Bar code条形码⏹Bar code reader条形码读卡器⏹Bus总线⏹Bandwidth带宽⏹Bluetooth蓝牙⏹Broadband宽带⏹Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务⏹cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序⏹cookies信息记录程序⏹cracker解密高手⏹cumulative trauma disorder积累性损伤错乱⏹Cybercash电子现金⏹Cyberspace计算机空间⏹cynic愤世嫉俗者⏹Cables连线⏹Cell单元箱⏹Chain printer链式打印机⏹Character and recognition device字符标识识别设备⏹Chart图表⏹Chassis支架⏹Chip芯片⏹Clarity清晰度⏹Closed architecture封闭式体系结构⏹Column列⏹Combination key结合键⏹computer competency计算机能力⏹connectivity连接,结点⏹Continuous-speech recognition system连续语言识别系统⏹Channel信道⏹Chat group谈话群组⏹chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) ]氯氟甲烷⏹Client客户端⏹Coaxial cable同轴电缆⏹cold site冷网站⏹Commerce servers商业服务器⏹Communication channel信道⏹Communication systems信息系统⏹Compact disc rewritable⏹Compact disc光盘⏹computer abuse amendments act of 19941994计算机滥用法案⏹computer crime计算机犯罪⏹computer ethics计算机道德⏹computer fraud and abuse act of 1986计算机欺诈和滥用法案⏹computer matching and privacy protection act of 1988计算机查找和隐私保护法案⏹Computer network计算机网络⏹computer support specialist计算机支持专家⏹computer technician计算机技术人员⏹computer trainer计算机教师⏹Connection device连接设备⏹Connectivity连接⏹Consumer-to-consumer个人对个人⏹Control unit操纵单元⏹Cordless or wireless mouse无线鼠标⏹Cable modems有线调制解调器⏹carpal tunnel syndrome腕骨神经综合症⏹CD-ROM可记录光盘⏹CD-RW可重写光盘⏹CD-R可记录压缩光盘⏹Disk磁碟⏹Distributed data processing system分部数据处理系统⏹Distributed processing分布处理⏹Domain code域代码⏹Downloading下载⏹DVD 数字化通用磁盘⏹DVD-R 可写DVD⏹DVD-RAM DVD随机存取器⏹DVD-ROM 只读DVD⏹Database数据库⏹database files数据库文件⏹Database manager数据库管理⏹Data bus数据总线⏹Data projector数码放映机⏹Desktop system unit台式电脑系统单元⏹Destination file目标文件⏹Dumb terminal非智能终端⏹data security数据安全⏹Data transmission specifications数据传输说明⏹database administrator数据库管理员⏹Dataplay数字播放器⏹Demodulation解调⏹denial of service attack拒绝服务攻击⏹Dial-up service拨号服务⏹Digital cash数字现金⏹Digital signals数字信号⏹Digital subscriber line数字用户线路⏹Digital versatile disc数字化通用磁盘⏹Digital video disc数字化视频光盘⏹Direct access直接存取⏹Directory search目录搜索⏹disaster recovery plan灾难恢复计划⏹Disk caching磁盘驱动器高速缓存⏹Diskette磁盘⏹Digital cameras数码照相机⏹Digital notebooks数字笔记本⏹Digital bideo camera数码摄影机⏹Discrete-speech recognition system不连续语言识别系统⏹Document文档⏹document files文档文件⏹Dot-matrix printer点矩阵式打印机⏹Dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器⏹environment环境⏹Erasable optical disks可擦除式光盘⏹ergonomics人类工程学⏹ethics道德规范⏹External modem外置调制解调器⏹extranet企业外部网⏹e-book电子阅读器⏹Expansion cards扩展卡⏹electronic commerce电子商务⏹electronic communications privacy act of1986电子通信隐私法案⏹encrypting加密术⏹energy star能源之星⏹Enterprise computing企业计算化⏹end user终端用户⏹e-cash电子现金⏹e-commerce电子商务⏹electronic cash电子现金⏹Floppy-disk cartridge磁盘盒⏹Formatting格式化⏹freedom of information act of 1970信息自由法案⏹frequency频率⏹frustrated受挫折⏹Full-duplex communication全双通通信⏹Fax machine传真机⏹Field域⏹Find搜索⏹FireWire port火线端口⏹Firmware固件⏹Flash RAM闪存⏹Flatbed scanner台式扫描器⏹Flat-panel monitor纯平显示器⏹floppy disk软盘⏹filter过滤⏹firewall防火墙⏹firewall防火墙⏹Fixed disk固定硬盘⏹Flash memory闪存⏹Flexible disk可折叠磁盘⏹Floppies磁盘⏹Formatting toolbar格式化工具条⏹Formula公式⏹Function函数⏹fair credit reporting act of 1970公平信用报告法案⏹Fiber-optic cable光纤电缆⏹File compression文件压缩⏹File decompression文件解压缩⏹green pc绿色个人计算机⏹Grop by 排序⏹General-purpose application通用运用程序⏹Gigahertz千兆赫⏹Graphic tablet绘图板⏹Hard-disk pack硬盘组⏹Head crash磁头碰撞⏹header标题⏹help desk specialist帮助办公专家⏹helper applications帮助软件⏹Hierarchical network层次型网络⏹history file历史文件⏹handheld computer手提电脑⏹Hard copy硬拷贝⏹hard disk硬盘⏹hardware硬件⏹Help帮助⏹hits匹配记录⏹horizontal portal横向用户⏹hot site热网站⏹Hybrid network混合网络⏹Host computer主机⏹Home page主页⏹Hyperlink超链接⏹hacker黑客⏹Half-duplex communication半双通通信⏹Hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒⏹information pushers信息推送器⏹initializing 初始化⏹instant messaging计时信息⏹internal hard disk内置硬盘⏹Internet hard drive 网络硬盘驱动器⏹intranet企业内部网⏹Image capturing device图像获取设备⏹information technology信息技术⏹Ink-jet printer墨水喷射印刷机⏹Integrated package综合性组件⏹Intelligent terminal智能终端设备⏹Intergrated circuit集成电路⏹Interface cards接口卡⏹illusion of anonymity匿名幻想⏹index search索引搜索⏹Internal modem内部调制解调器⏹internet telephony网络电话⏹internet terminal互联网终端⏹Identification识别⏹drive网络硬盘驱动器⏹joystick操纵杆⏹keyword search关键字搜索⏹laser printer激光打印机⏹Layout files版式文件⏹Light pen光笔⏹Locate定位⏹lurking潜伏⏹Logical operations逻辑运算⏹Lands凸面⏹Line of sight communication视影通信⏹Low bandwidth低带宽计算机英语名词解释⏹ADIMM(Advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules,高级双重内嵌式内存模块)⏹AMR(Audio/Modem Riser,音效/调制解调器主机板附加直立插卡)⏹AHA(Accelerated Hub Architecture,加速中心架构)⏹ASK IR(Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red,长波形可移动输入红外线)⏹ATX(AT Extend,扩展型AT)⏹BIOS(Basic Input/Output System,基本输入/输出系统)⏹CSE(Configuration Space Enable,可分配空间)⏹DB(Device Bay,设备插架)⏹DMI(Desktop Management Interface,桌面管理接口)⏹EB(Expansion Bus,扩展总线)⏹EISA(Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture,增强形工业标准架构)⏹EMI(Electromagnetic Interference,电磁干扰)⏹ESCD(Extended System Configuration Data,可扩展系统配置数据)⏹FBC(Frame Buffer Cache,帧缓冲缓存)⏹FireWire(火线,即IEEE1394标准)⏹FSB(Front Side Bus,前置总线,即外部总线)⏹FWH(Firmware Hub,固件中心)⏹GMCH(Graphics & Memory Controller Hub,图形和内存控制中心)⏹GPIs(General Purpose Inputs,普通操作输入)⏹ICH(Input/Output Controller Hub,输入/输出控制中心)⏹IR(Infrared Ray,红外线)⏹IrDA(Infrared Ray,红外线通信接口可进行局域网存取和文件共享)⏹ISA(Industry Standard Architecture,工业标准架构)⏹ISA(Instruction Set Architecture,工业设置架构)⏹MDC(Mobile Daughter Card,移动式子卡)⏹MRH-R(Memory Repeater Hub,内存数据处理中心)⏹MRH-S(SDRAM Repeater Hub,SDRAM数据处理中心)⏹MTH(Memory Transfer Hub,内存转换中心)⏹NGIO(Next Generation Input/Output,新一代输入/输出标准)⏹P64H(64-bit PCI Controller Hub,64位PCI控制中心)⏹PCB(Printed Circuit Board,印刷电路板)⏹PCBA(Printed Circuit Board Assembly,印刷电路板装配)⏹PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect,互连外围设备)⏹PCI SIG(Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group,互连外围设备专业组)⏹POST(Power On Self Test,加电自测试)⏹RNG(Random number Generator,随机数字发生器)⏹RTC(Real Time Clock,实时时钟)⏹KBC(KeyBroad Control,键盘控制器)⏹SAP(Sideband Address Port,边带寻址端口)⏹SBA(Side Band Addressing,边带寻址)⏹SMA(Share Memory Architecture,共享内存结构)⏹STD(Suspend To Disk,磁盘唤醒)⏹STR(Suspend To RAM,内存唤醒)⏹SVR(Switching V oltage Regulator,交换式电压调节)⏹USB(Universal Serial Bus,通用串行总线)⏹USDM(Unified System Diagnostic Manager,统一系统监测管理器)⏹VID(Voltage Identification Definition,电压识别认证)⏹VRM (V oltage Regulator Module,电压调整模块)⏹ZIF(Zero Insertion Force ,零插力)⏹主板技术⏹ACOPS(Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System,CPU过热预防系统)⏹SIV(System Information Viewer,系统信息观察)⏹ESDJ(Easy Setting Dual Jumper,简化CPU双重跳线法)⏹UPT(USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口)⏹芯片组⏹ACPI(Advanced Configuration and Power Interface,先进设置和电源管理)⏹AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port,图形加速接口)⏹I/O(Input/Output,输入/输出)⏹MIOC(Memory and I/O Bridge Controller,内存和I/O桥控制器)⏹NBC(North Bridge Chip,北桥芯片)⏹PIIX(PCI ISA/IDE Accelerator,加速器)⏹PSE36(Page Size Extension 36-bit,36位页面尺寸扩展模式)⏹PXB(PCI Expander Bridge,PCI增强桥)⏹RCG(RAS/CAS Generator,RAS/CAS发生器)⏹SBC(South Bridge Chip,南桥芯片)⏹SMB(System Management Bus,全系统管理总线)⏹SPD(Serial Presence Detect,内存内部序号检测装置)⏹SSB(Super South Bridge,超级南桥芯片)⏹TDP(Triton Data Path,数据路径)⏹TSC(Triton System Controller,系统控制器)⏹QPA(Quad Port Acceleration,四接口加速)⏹ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,特殊应用积体电路)⏹ASC(Auto-Sizing and Centering,自动调效屏幕尺寸和中心位置)⏹ASC(Anti Static Coatings,防静电涂层)⏹AGAS(Anti Glare Anti Static Coatings,防强光、防静电涂层)⏹BLA(Bearn Landing Area,电子束落区)⏹BMC(Black Matrix Screen,超黑矩阵屏幕)⏹CRC(Cyclical Redundancy Check,循环冗余检查)⏹CRT(Cathode Ray Tube,阴极射线管)⏹DDC(Display Data Channel,显示数据通道)⏹DEC(Direct Etching Coatings,表面蚀刻涂层)⏹DFL(Dynamic Focus Lens,动态聚焦)⏹DFS(Digital Flex Scan,数字伸缩扫描)⏹DIC(Digital Image Control,数字图像控制)⏹Digital Multiscan II(数字式智能多频追踪)⏹DLP(Digital Light Processing,数字光处理)⏹DOSD(Digital On Screen Display,同屏数字化显示)⏹DPMS(Display Power Management Signalling,显示能源管理信号)⏹Dot Pitch(点距)⏹DQL(Dynamic Quadrapole Lens,动态四极镜)⏹DSP(Digital Signal Processing,数字信号处理)⏹EFEAL(Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens,可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头)⏹FRC(Frame Rate Control,帧比率控制)⏹HVD(High Voltage Differential,高分差动)⏹LCD(liquid crystal display,液晶显示屏)⏹LCOS(Liquid Crystal On Silicon,硅上液晶)⏹LED(light emitting diode,光学二级管)⏹L-SAGIC(Low Power-Small Aperture G1 wiht Impregnated Cathode,低电压光圈阴极管)⏹LVD(Low Voltage Differential,低分差动)⏹LVDS(Low V oltage Differential Signal,低电压差动信号)⏹MALS(Multi Astigmatism Lens System,多重散光聚焦系统)⏹MDA(Monochrome Adapter,单色设备)⏹MS(Magnetic Sensors,磁场感应器)⏹Porous Tungsten(活性钨)⏹RSDS(Reduced Swing Differential Signal,小幅度摆动差动信号)⏹SC(Screen Coatings,屏幕涂层)⏹Single Ended(单终结)⏹Shadow Mask(阴罩式)⏹TDT(Timeing Detection Table,数据测定表)⏹TICRG(Tungsten Impregnated Cathode Ray Gun,钨传输阴级射线枪)⏹TFT(Thin Film Transistor,薄膜晶体管)⏹UCC(Ultra Clear Coatings,超清晰涂层)⏹V AGP(Variable Aperature Grille Pitch,可变间距光栅)⏹VBI(Vertical Blanking Interval,垂直空白间隙)⏹VDT(Video Display Terminals,视频显示终端)⏹VRR(Vertical Refresh Rate,垂直扫描频率)计算机函数数据库#include <iostream.h>class Myclas{private:int m-number;publicvoid setNumber(int number){m-number = number;}int getNumber(){return m-number}};void showMe(){cout<<"我是一个类"<<endl;}};void main (){Myclass mc;//mc.m_number=10;mc.setNumber(10);cout<<mc.showMe()<<endl;}⏹AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port) -图形加速接口⏹Access Time-存取时间⏹Address-地址⏹ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会⏹ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)⏹Async SRAM-异步静态内存⏹BSB (Backside Bus)⏹Bandwidth-带宽⏹Bank -内存库⏹Bank Schema -存储体规划⏹Base Rambus -初级的Rambus内存⏹Baud -波特⏹BGA (Ball Grid Array)-球状引脚栅格阵列封装技术⏹Binary -二进制⏹BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) -基本输入/输出系统⏹Bit-位、比特⏹BLP-底部引出塑封技术⏹Buffer-缓冲区⏹Buffered Memory-带缓冲的内存⏹BEDO (Burst EDO RAM) -突发模式EDO随机存储器⏹Burst Mode-突发模式⏹Bus-总线⏹Bus Cycle-总线周期⏹Byte-字节⏹Cacheability-高速缓存能力⏹Cache Memory-高速缓存存储器⏹CAS (Column Address Strobe)-列地址选通脉冲⏹CL(CAS Latency )-列地址选通脉冲时间延迟⏹CDRAM (Cache DRAM)-快取动态随机存储器⏹Checksum-检验和,校验和⏹Chipset-芯片组⏹Chip-Scale Package (CSP)-芯片级封装⏹Compact Flash-紧凑式闪存⏹Concurrent Rambus-并发式总线式内存⏹Continuity RIMM (C-RIMM)-连续性总线式内存模组⏹CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semicomductor)-互补金属氧化物半导体用于晶体管⏹CPU (Central Processing Unit)-中央处理单元⏹Credit Card Memory -信用卡内存⏹DDR(Double Data Rate SDRAM)-双数据输出同步动态存储器。
计算机专业术语大全(中-英文版)
******************************* <计算机专业术语大全(中~英文版)> ******************************* #include <iostream.h>class Myclas{private:int m-number;publicvoid setNumber(int number){m-number = number;}int getNumber(){return m-number}};void showMe(){cout<<"我是一个类"<<endl;}};void main (){Myclass mc;//mc.m_number=10;mc.setNumber(10);cout<<mc.showMe()<<endl;}AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port) -图形加速接口Access Time-存取时间Address-地址ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)Async SRAM-异步静态内存BSB (Backside Bus)Bandwidth-带宽Bank -内存库Bank Schema -存储体规划Base Rambus -初级的Rambus内存Baud -波特BGA (Ball Grid Array)-球状引脚栅格阵列封装技术Binary -二进制BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) -基本输入/输出系统Bit-位、比特BLP-底部引出塑封技术Buffer-缓冲区Buffered Memory-带缓冲的内存BEDO (Burst EDO RAM) -突发模式EDO随机存储器Burst Mode-突发模式Bus-总线Bus Cycle-总线周期Byte-字节Cacheability-高速缓存能力Cache Memory-高速缓存存储器CAS (Column Address Strobe)-列地址选通脉冲CL(CAS Latency )-列地址选通脉冲时间延迟CDRAM (Cache DRAM)-快取动态随机存储器Checksum-检验和,校验和Chipset-芯片组Chip-Scale Package (CSP)-芯片级封装Compact Flash-紧凑式闪存Concurrent Rambus-并发式总线式内存Continuity RIMM (C-RIMM)-连续性总线式内存模组CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semicomductor)-互补金属氧化物半导体用于晶体管CPU (Central Processing Unit)-中央处理单元Credit Card Memory -信用卡内存DDR(Double Data Rate SDRAM)-双数据输出同步动态存储器。
计算机等级考试中的常见英文术语解析
计算机等级考试中的常见英文术语解析计算机等级考试(Computer Level Examination,CLE)是对计算机应用能力的一种考核体系,被广泛应用于教育和职场。
在这项考试中,常常出现一些英文术语,这些术语对于考生来说可能会有些陌生。
本文将对计算机等级考试中的常见英文术语进行解析,帮助读者更好地理解和掌握。
一、操作系统(Operating System):操作系统是计算机系统中的核心软件,负责协调和管理硬件资源,并提供用户和应用程序之间的接口。
常见的操作系统有Windows、macOS、Linux等。
在CLE中,关于操作系统的术语有以下几个:1.1 登录(Login):登录是指用户通过输入用户名和密码等信息,获得进入操作系统的权限。
登录是使用计算机的第一步,通常需要验证用户身份才能进入系统。
1.2 桌面(Desktop):桌面是操作系统的图形用户界面(Graphical User Interface,GUI)的一部分,提供了用户操作所需的各种工具和应用程序的快捷方式。
通常,用户可以通过桌面上的图标启动程序和访问文件。
1.3 文件管理(File Management):文件管理是操作系统的一个重要功能,用于管理计算机中的文件和文件夹。
它包括创建、复制、移动、删除文件,以及对文件进行重命名、分类等操作。
1.4 进程管理(Process Management):进程管理是操作系统对正在运行的程序进行管理和调度的过程。
操作系统负责为每个进程分配资源,并确保它们按照一定的规则进行执行,以保证系统的高效运行。
二、网络(Network):网络是将多台计算机和设备连接在一起,通过数据交换实现信息共享和资源共享的系统。
在CLE中,涉及网络的术语有:2.1 IP地址(Internet Protocol Address):IP地址是互联网上用于唯一标识设备的数字地址。
IP地址分为IPv4和IPv6两种类型,其中IPv4由32位二进制数表示,IPv6由128位二进制数表示。
计算机英语(第2版)新增答案
《计算机英语(第2版)》参考答案注:这里仅给出《计算机英语(第2版)》新增或变化课文的答案,其他未改动课文答案参见《计算机英语(第1版)》原来的答案。
Unit OneSection CPDA Prizefight: Palm vs. Pocket PCI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. With DataViz’s Documents To Go, you can view and edit desktop documents on your PDA without converting them first to a PDA-specific ________. (format)2. Both Palm OS and Windows Mobile PDAs can offer e-mail via ________ so that new messages received on your desktop system are transferred to the PDA for on-the-go reading. (synchronization)3. The Windows Mobile keyboard, Block Recognizer, and Letter Recognizer are all ________ input areas, meaning they appear and disappear as needed. (virtual)4. Generally speaking, Windows Mobile performs better in entering information and playing ________ files while Palm OS offers easier operation, more ________ programs, better desktop compatibility, and a stronger e-mail application. (multimedia; third-party)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. data field数据字段2. learning curve学习曲线3. third-party solution第三方解决方案4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5. 开始按钮Start button6. 指定输入区designated input area7. 手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system8. 字符集character setUnit ThreeSection BLonghorn:The Next Version of WindowsI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. NGSCB, the new security architecture Microsoft is developing for Longhorn, splits the OS into two parts: a standard mode and a(n) ________ mode. (secure)2. It is reported that Longhorn will provide different levels of operation that disable the more intensive Aero effects to boost ________ on less capable PCs. (performance)3. With Longhorn’s new graphics and presentation engine, we can create and display Tiles on the desktop, which remind us of the old Active Desktop but are based on ________ instead of ________. (XML; HTML)4. The most talked-about feature in Longhorn so far is its new storage system, WinFS, whichworks like a(n) ________ database. (relational)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. search box搜索框2. built-in firewall内置防火墙3. standalone application独立应用程序4. active desktop 活动桌面5. mobile device移动设备6. 专有软件proprietary software7. 快速加载键quick-launch key8. 图形加速器graphics accelerator9. 虚拟文件夹virtual folder10. 三维界面three-dimensional interfaceUnit FourSection CArraysI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Given the array called object with 20 elements, if you see the term object10, you know the array is in ________ form; if you see the term object[10], you know the array is in ________ form. (subscript; index)2. In most programming languages, an array is a static data structure. When you define an array, the size is ________. (fixed)3. A(n) ________ is a pictorial representation of a frequency array. (histogram)4. An array that consists of just rows and columns is probably a(n) ________ array. (two-dimensional)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. bar chart条形图2. frequency array频率数组3. graphical representation图形表示4. multidimensional array多维数组5. 用户视图user(’s) view6. 下标形式subscript form7. 一维数组one-dimensional array8. 编程结构programming constructUnit FiveSection BMicrosoft .NET vs. J2EEI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. One of the differences between C# and Java is that Java runs on any platform with a Java Virtual ________ while C# only runs in Windows for the foreseeable future. (Machine)2. With .NET, Microsoft is opening up a channel both to ________ in other programming languages and to ________. (developers; components)3. J2EE is a single-language platform; calls from/to objects in other languages are possiblethrough ________, but this kind of support is not a ubiquitous part of the platform. (CORBA)4. One important element of the .NET platform is a common language ________, which runs bytecodes in an Internal Language format. (runtime)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. messaging model消息收发模型2. common language runtime通用语言运行时刻(环境)3. hierarchical namespace分等级层次的名称空间4. development community开发社区5. CORBA公用对象请求代理(程序)体系结构6. 基本组件base component7. 元数据标记metadata tag8. 虚拟机virtual machine9. 集成开发环境IDE(integrated development environment)10. 简单对象访问协议SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol)Unit SixSection ASoftware Life CycleI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. The development process in the software life cycle involves four phases: analysis, design, implementation, and ________. (testing)2. In the system development process, the system analyst defines the user, needs, requirements and methods in the ________ phase. (analysis)3. In the system development process, the code is written in the ________ phase. (implementation)4. In the system development process, modularity is a very well-established principle used in the ________ phase. (design)5. The most commonly used tool in the design phase is the ________. (structure chart)6. In the system development process, ________ and pseudocode are tools used by programmers in the implementation phase. (flowcharts)7. Pseudocode is part English and part program ________. (logic)8. While black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the ________, white box testing is done by the ________. (user; programmer)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. standard graphical symbol标准图形符号2. logical flow of data标准图形符号3. test case测试用例4. program validation程序验证5. white box testing白盒测试6. student registration system学生注册系统7. customized banking package定制的金融软件包8. software life cycle软件生命周期9. user working environment用户工作环境10. implementation phase实现阶段11. 测试数据test data12. 结构图structure chart13. 系统开发阶段system development phase14. 软件工程software engineering15. 系统分析员system(s) analyst16. 测试工程师test engineer17. 系统生命周期system life cycle18. 设计阶段design phase19. 黑盒测试black box testing20. 会计软件包accounting packageIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:development; testing; programmer; chart; engineer; attend; interfacessystem; software; small; userdevelop; changes; quality; board; UncontrolledIV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:软件工程是软件开发的一个领域;在这个领域中,计算机科学家和工程师研究有关的方法与工具,以使高效开发正确、可靠和健壮的计算机程序变得容易。
信息技术常用术语中英文对照表
信息技术常用术语中英文对照表1. 计算机网络 Computer Network2. 互联网 Internet3. 局域网 Local Area Network (LAN)4. 带宽 Bandwidth5. 路由器 Router6. 交换机 Switch7. 防火墙 Firewall8. 病毒 Virus9. 木马 Trojan10. 黑客 Hacker11. 中央处理器 Central Processing Unit (CPU)12. 内存 Random Access Memory (RAM)13. 硬盘 Hard Disk Drive (HDD)14. 固态硬盘 Solid State Drive (SSD)15. 显卡 Graphics Card16. 主板 Motherboard17. BIOS Basic Input/Output System18. 操作系统 Operating System19. 应用程序 Application20. 编程语言 Programming Language21. 数据库 Database22. 服务器 Server23. 客户端 Client24. 云计算 Cloud Computing25. 大数据 Big Data27. 机器学习 Machine Learning28. 深度学习 Deep Learning29. 虚拟现实 Virtual Reality (VR)30. 增强现实 Augmented Reality (AR)31. 网络安全 Network Security32. 数据加密 Data Encryption33. 数字签名 Digital Signature34. 身份验证 Authentication35. 访问控制 Access Control36. 数据备份 Data Backup37. 数据恢复 Data Recovery38. 系统升级 System Upgrade39. 系统优化 System Optimization40. 技术支持 Technical Support当然,让我们继续丰富这个信息技术常用术语的中英文对照表:41. 网络协议 Network Protocol42. IP地址 Internet Protocol Address43. 域名系统 Domain Name System (DNS)44. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol45. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure46. FTP File Transfer Protocol47. SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol48. POP3 Post Office Protocol 349. IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol50. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol51. 无线局域网 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)52. 蓝牙 Bluetooth53. 无线保真 WiFi (Wireless Fidelity)54. 4G Fourth Generation55. 5G Fifth Generation56. 物联网 Internet of Things (IoT)57. 云服务 Cloud Service58. 网络存储 Network Attached Storage (NAS)59. 分布式文件系统 Distributed File System60. 数据中心 Data Center61. 系统分析 Systems Analysis62. 系统设计 Systems Design63. 软件开发 Software Development64. 系统集成 Systems Integration65. 软件测试 Software Testing66. 质量保证 Quality Assurance67. 项目管理 Project Management68. 技术文档 Technical Documentation69. 用户手册 User Manual70. 知识库 Knowledge Base71. 网络拓扑 Network Topology72. 星型网络 Star Network73. 环形网络 Ring Network74. 总线型网络 Bus Network75. 树形网络 Tree Network76. 点对点网络 PeertoPeer Network77. 宽带接入 Broadband Access78. DSL Digital Subscriber Line79. 光纤到户 Fiber To The Home (FTTH)80. VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol通过这份对照表,希望您能更加轻松地理解和应用信息技术领域的专业术语。
高中英语单词天天记general素材
· general· n. ['dʒenrəl] ( generals )·· 双解释义· C 1. 普通〔遍〕的事或物the common thing· C 2. 将军army officer of very high rank· 基本要点•1.general用作名词的意思是“将军”,在英国尤指“陆军上将”,是可数名词。
2.in general的意思是“大体上”,可用在复数名词后作定语,或用作状语修饰全句。
•· 词汇搭配••brigadier general 旅长•commissary general 兵站总监•famous general 著名的将军•five-star general 五星上将•great general 伟大的将军•lieutenant general 陆军中将•major general 陆军少将••in general 大体上,一般地,通常,总的来说•in the general 概括地(说)••general of the Air Force 空军五星上将•general of the Army 陆军五星上将· 常用短语•in general一般而言,总的来说 in a wordIn general,I agree to what you said.总的说来,我同意你的讲话。
In general, the two accounts agree.一般说来,这两个报告是一致的。
But in general they were all with her.但一般说来他们都同意她的意见。
I like fish in general, and salmon in particular.总的说来我喜欢吃鱼,尤其喜欢吃鲑鱼。
Women in general like to shop for new clothes.一般而言,女人喜欢购买新衣服。
计算机专业英语 考试
一、选择题1.What is the process of converting a high-level programming language into machine languagecalled?A.Debuggingpilation(正确答案)C.ExecutionD.Interpretation2.Which of the following is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around data,and the operations performed on that data?A.Object-oriented programming(正确答案)B.Procedural programmingC.Functional programmingD.Event-driven programming3.In computer networks, what does the term "protocol" refer to?A. A set of rules governing the exchange of information between devices(正确答案)B.The physical connection between devicesC.The speed of data transmissionD.The type of data being transmitted4.What is the term used to describe the process of dividing a complex problem into smaller, moremanageable parts?A.Modularization(正确答案)B.OptimizationC.EncapsulationD.Polymorphism5.In computer security, what is the term for unauthorized access to or modification of data?A.EncryptionB.DecryptionC.Hacking(正确答案)D.Firewall6.Which of the following is a type of software that allows two or more computers tocommunicate and share resources?A.Operating systemB.Database management systemwork operating system(正确答案)D.Word processing software7.What is the term used to describe the process of identifying and correcting errors in computerprograms?A.Debugging(正确答案)B.TestingC.Codingpilation8.In computer graphics, what is the term for the number of distinct pixels that can be displayedon a screen?A.Resolution(正确答案)B.Color depthC.Refresh rateD.Aspect ratio。
计算机专业英语四Computer English
do在此处是助动词,表示强调,意思是“的
确”。还可以是“一定、千万”等意思。如:
Do be careful, please.
Do wait for me at the gate.
Notes
[4] A variable with dynamic duration is created
anew each time the block in which it is declared is
[4] C++ supports the properties of encapsulation and data hiding through the creation of user-defined types, called classes.
译文:C++通过创建称为类的用户定义类型而 支持封装和数据隐藏的属性。 本句中的“through the creation of user-defined types”是状语,而“called classes”是同位语。
宏名称 存储类 运行(时)期系统
source code
global scope
源代码
全局作用域 存储类标识符
storage class specifier
Notes
[1] However, compare to most high-level languages, C
has a very small set of constructs.
一般地说,compare with的意思是“将...与...比较”,强调比较两者
(同类、性质相同)的不同处。compare to的意思是“将...比作...”,
Chapter1 Computer System Overview
C HAPTER 1C OMPUTER S YSTEM O VERVIEWR EVIEW Q UESTIONS1.1 List and briefly define the four main elements of a computer.1.2 Define the two main categories of processor registers.1.3 In general terms, what are the four distinct actions that a machine instruction can specify?1.4 What is an interrupt?1.5 How are multiple interrupts dealt with?1.6 What characteristics distinguish the various elements of a memory hierarchy?1.7 What is cache memory?1.8 List and briefly define three techniques for I/O operations.1.9 What is the distinction between spatial locality and temporal locality?1.10 In general, what are the strategies for exploiting spatial locality and temporal locality?P ROBLEMS1.1 Suppose the hypothetical processor of Figure 1.3 also has two I/O instructions:0011 = Load AC from I/O0111 = Store AC to I/OIn these cases, the 12-bit address identifies a particular external device. Show theprogram execution (using format of Figure 1.4) for the following program:1. Load AC from device 5.2. Add contents of memory location 940.3. Store AC to device 6.Assume that the next value retrieved from device 5 is 3 and that location 940contains a value of 2.1.2 The program execution of Figure 1.4 is described in the text using six steps.Expand this description to show the use of the MAR and MBR.1.3 Consider a hypothetical 32-bit microprocessor having 32-bit instructionscomposed of two fields. The first byte contains the opcode and the remainder animmediate operand or an operand address.a. What is the maximum directly addressable memory capacity (in bytes)?b. Discuss the impact on the system speed if the microprocessor bus has1. a 32-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus, or2. a 16-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus.c. How many bits are needed for the program counter and the instructionregister?1.4 Consider a hypothetical microprocessor generating a 16-bit address (for example,assume that the program counter and the address registers are 16 bits wide) andhaving a 16-bit data bus.a. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can accessdirectly if it is connected to a “16-bit memory”?b. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can accessdirectly if it is connected to an “8-bit memory”?c. What architectural features will allow this microprocessor to access a separate“I/O space”?d. If an input and an output instruction can specify an 8-bit I/O port number, howmany 8-bit I/O ports can the microprocessor support? How many 16-bit I/O ports?Explain.1.5 Consider a 32-bit microprocessor, with a 16-bit external data bus, driven by an8-MHz input clock.Assume that this microprocessor has a bus cycle whose minimum duration equals four input clock cycles.What is the maximum data transfer rate across the bus that this microprocessor can sustain in bytes/s? To increase its performance, would it be better to make its external data bus 32 bits or to double the external clock frequency supplied to the microprocessor? State any other assumptions you make and explain. Hint: Determine the number of bytes that can be transferred per bus cycle.1.6 Consider a computer system that contains an I/O module controlling a simplekeyboard/printer Teletype.The following registers are contained in the CPU and connected directly to the system bus:INPR: Input Register, 8 bitsOUTR: Output Register, 8 bitsFGI: Input Flag, 1 bitFGO: Output Flag, 1 bitIEN: Interrupt Enable, 1 bitKeystroke input from the Teletype and output to the printer are controlled by the I/O module.The Teletype is able to encode an alphanumeric symbol to an 8-bit word and decode an 8-bit word into an alphanumeric symbol.The Input flag is set when an 8-bit word enters the input register from the Teletype. The Output flag is set when a word is printed.a. Describe how the CPU, using the first four registers listed in this problem, canachieve I/O with the Teletype.b. Describe how the function can be performed more efficiently by also employingIEN.1.7 In virtually all systems that include DMA modules, DMA access to main memoryis given higher priority than processor access to main memory.Why?1.8 A DMA module is transferring characters to main memory from an externaldevice transmitting at 9600 bits per second (bps).The processor can fetchinstructions at the rate of 1 million instructions per second. By how much will the processor be slowed down due to the DMA activity?1.9 A computer consists of a CPU and an I/O device D connected to main memory Mvia a shared bus with a data bus width of one word.The CPU can execute a maximum of106 instructions per second. An average instruction requires five processor cycles,three of which use the memory bus. A memory read or write operation uses one processor cycle. Suppose that the CPU is continuously executing “background”programs that require 95% of its instruction executionrate but not any I/O instructions.Assume that one processor cycle equals one bus cycle. Now suppose that very large blocks of data are to be transferred between M and D.a. If programmed I/O is used and each one-word I/O transfer requires the CPU toexecute two instructions, estimate the maximum I/O data transfer rate, in words per second, possible through D.b. Estimate the same rate if DMA transfer is used.1.10 Consider the following code:for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)for (j = 0; j<10; j++)a[i] = a[i] * ja. Give one example of the spatial locality in the code.b. Give one example of the temporal locality in the code.1.11 Generalize Equations (1.1) and (1.2) in Appendix 1 A to n-level memory hierarchies.1.12 Consider a memory system with the following parameters:Tc = 100 ns Cc = 0.01 cents/bitTm = 1200 ns Cm = 0.001 cents/bita. What is the cost of 1 MByte of main memory?b. What is the cost of 1 MByte of main memory using cache memorytechnology?c. If the effective access time is 10% greater than the cache access time, what isthe hit ratio H?1.13 A computer has a cache, main memory, and a disk used for virtual memory. If areferenced word is in the cache, 20 ns are required to access it. If it is in mainmemory but not in the cache, 60 ns are needed to load it into the cache (thisincludes the time to originally check the cache), and then the reference is startedagain. If the word is not in main memory, 12 ms are required to fetch the wordfrom disk, followed by 60 ns to copy it to the cache, and then the reference isstarted again. The cache hit ratio is 0.9 and the main-memory hit ratio is 0.6.What is the average time in ns required to access a referenced word on this system?1.14 Suppose a stack is to be used by the processor to manage procedure calls andreturns. Can the program counter be eliminated by using the top of the stack as a program counter?A NSWERS TO Q UESTIONS1.1 List and briefly define the four main elements of a computer.A main memory, which stores both data and instructions: an arithmetic and logicunit (ALU) capable of operating on binary data; a control unit, which interpretsthe instructions in memory and causes them to be executed; and input and output(I/O) equipment operated by the control unit.1.2 Define the two main categories of processor registers.User-visible registers: Enable the machine- or assembly-language programmer tominimize main memory references by optimizing register use. For high-levellanguages, an optimizing compiler will attempt to make intelligent choices ofwhich variables to assign to registers and which to main memory locations. Somehigh-level languages, such as C, allow the programmer to suggest to the compilerwhich variables should be held in registers. Control and status registers: Used bythe processor to control the operation of the processor and by privileged,operating system routines to control the execution of programs.1.3 In general terms, what are the four distinct actions that a machine instruction can specify?These actions fall into four categories: Processor-memory: Data may betransferred from processor to memory or from memory to processor.Processor-I/O: Data may be transferred to or from a peripheral device bytransferring between the processor and an I/O module. Data processing: Theprocessor may perform some arithmetic or logic operation on data. Control: Aninstruction may specify that the sequence of execution be altered.1.4 What is an interrupt?An interrupt is a mechanism by which other modules (I/O, memory) may interruptthe normal sequencing of the processor.1.5 How are multiple interrupts dealt with?Two approaches can be taken to dealing with multiple interrupts. The first is todisable interrupts while an interrupt is being processed. A second approach is todefine priorities for interrupts and to allow an interrupt of higher priority to causea lower-priority interrupt handler to be interrupted.1.6 What characteristics distinguish the various elements of a memory hierarchy?The three key characteristics of memory are cost, capacity, and access time.1.7 What is cache memory?Cache memory is a memory that is smaller and faster than main memory and that is interposed between the processor and main memory. The cache acts as a buffer for recently used memory locations.1.8 List and briefly define three techniques for I/O operations.Programmed I/O: The processor issues an I/O command, on behalf of a process, to an I/O module; that process then busy-waits for the operation to be completed before proceeding. Interrupt-driven I/O: The processor issues an I/O command on behalf of a process, continues to execute subsequent instructions, and isinterrupted by the I/O module when the latter has completed its work. Thesubsequent instructions may be in the same process, if it is not necessary for that process to wait for the completion of the I/O. Otherwise, the process is suspended pending the interrupt and other work is performed. Direct memory access (DMA):A DMA module controls the exchange of data between main memory and an I/Omodule. The processor sends a request for the transfer of a block of data to theDMA module and is interrupted only after the entire block has been transferred.1.9 What is the distinction between spatial locality and temporal locality?Spatial locality refers to the tendency of execution to involve a number ofmemory locations that are clustered. Temporal locality refers to the tendency fora processor to access memory locations that have been used recently.1.10 In general, what are the strategies for exploiting spatial locality and temporallocality?Spatial locality is generally exploited by using larger cache blocks and byincorporating prefetching mechanisms (fetching items of anticipated use) intothe cache control logic. Temporal locality is exploited by keeping recently used instruction and data values in cache memory and by exploiting a cachehierarchy.Answers to Problems1.1 Suppose the hypothetical processor of Figure 1.3 also has two I/O instructions:0011 = Load AC from I/O0111 =Store AC to I/OIn these cases, the 12-bit address identifies a particular external device. Show the program execution (using format of Figure 1.4) for the following program:1. Load AC from device 5.2. Add contents of memory location 940.3. Store AC to device 6.Assume that the next value retrieved from device 5 is 3 and that location 940 contains a value of 2.Memory (contents in hex): 300: 3005; 301: 5940; 302: 70061.2 The program execution of Figure 1.4 is described in the text using six steps.Expand this description to show the use of the MAR and MBR.1. a. The PC contains 300, the address of the first instruction. This value isloaded in to the MAR.b. The value in location 300 (which is the instruction with the value 1940 inhexadecimal) is loaded into the MBR, and the PC is incremented.These two steps can be done in parallel.c. The value in the MBR is loaded into the IR.2. a. The address portion of the IR (940) is loaded into the MAR.b. The value in location 940 is loaded into the MBR.c. The value in the MBR is loaded into the AC.3. a. The value in the PC (301) is loaded in to the MAR.b. The value in location 301 (which is the instruction with the value 5941)is loaded into the MBR, and the PC is incremented.c. The value in the MBR is loaded into the IR.4. a. The address portion of the IR (941) is loaded into the MAR.b. The value in location 941 is loaded into the MBR.c. The old value of the AC and the value of location MBR are added andthe result is stored in the AC.5. a. The value in the PC (302) is loaded in to the MAR.b. The value in location 302 (which is the instruction with the value 2941)is loaded into the MBR, and the PC is incremented.c. The value in the MBR is loaded into the IR.6. a. The address portion of the IR (941) is loaded into the MAR.b. The value in the AC is loaded into the MBR.c. The value in the MBR is stored in location 941.1.3 Consider a hypothetical 32-bit microprocessor having 32-bit instructionscomposed of two fields. The first byte contains the opcode and the remainder an immediate operand or an operand address.a. What is the maximum directly addressable memory capacity (in bytes)?b. Discuss the impact on the system speed if the microprocessor bus has1. a 32-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus, or2. a 16-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus.c. How many bits are needed for the program counter and the instructionregister?a. 224 = 16 MBytesb. (1) If the local address bus is 32 bits, the whole address can be transferred atonce and decoded in memory. However, since the data bus is only 16 bits, itwill require 2 cycles to fetch a 32-bit instruction or operand.(2) The 16 bits of the address placed on the address bus can't access thewhole memory. Thus a more complex memory interface control is needed tolatch the first part of the address and then the second part (since themicroprocessor will end in two steps). For a 32-bit address, one may assumethe first half will decode to access a "row" in memory, while the second halfis sent later to access a "column" in memory. In addition to the two-stepaddress operation, the microprocessor will need 2 cycles to fetch the 32 bitinstruction/operand.c. The program counter must be at least 24 bits. Typically, a 32-bitmicroprocessor will have a 32-bit external address bus and a 32-bit programcounter, unless on-chip segment registers are used that may work with asmaller program counter. If the instruction register is to contain the wholeinstruction, it will have to be 32-bits long; if it will contain only the op code(called the op code register) then it will have to be 8 bits long.1.4 Consider a hypothetical microprocessor generating a 16-bit address (for example,assume that the program counter and the address registers are 16 bits wide) and having a 16-bit data bus.a. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can accessdirectly if it is connected to a “16-bit memory”?b. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can accessdirectly if it is connected to an “8-bit memory”?c. What architectural features will allow this microprocessor to access a separate“I/O space”?d. If an input and an output instruction can specify an 8-bit I/O port number,how many 8-bit I/O ports can the microprocessor support? How many 16-bit I/O ports?Explain.In cases (a) and (b), the microprocessor will be able to access 216 = 64K bytes;the only difference is that with an 8-bit memory each access will transfer a byte, while with a 16-bit memory an access may transfer a byte or a 16-byte word. For case (c), separate input and output instructions are needed, whose execution will generate separate "I/O signals" (different from the "memory signals" generated with the execution of memory-type instructions); at a minimum, one additional output pin will be required to carry this new signal. For case (d), it can support 28 = 256 input and 28 = 256 output byte ports and the same number of input and output 16-bit ports; in either case, the distinction between an input and an output port is defined by the different signal that the executed input or output instruction generated.1.5 Consider a 32-bit microprocessor, with a 16-bit external data bus, driven by an8-MHz input clock.Assume that this microprocessor has a bus cycle whose minimum duration equals four input clock cycles.What is the maximum data transfer rate across the bus that this microprocessor can sustain in bytes/s? To increase its performance, would it be better to make its external data bus 32 bits or to double the external clock frequency supplied to the microprocessor? State any other assumptions you make and explain. Hint: Determine the number of bytes that can be transferred per bus cycle.Clock cycle =18MHz=125nsBus cycle = 4 ⨯ 125 ns = 500 ns2 bytes transferred every 500 ns; thus transfer rate = 4 MBytes/secDoubling the frequency may mean adopting a new chip manufacturing technology (assuming each instructions will have the same number of clock cycles); doubling the external data bus means wider (maybe newer) on-chip data bus drivers/latches and modifications to the bus control logic. In the first case, the speed of the memory chips will also need to double (roughly) not to slow down the microprocessor; in the second case, the "wordlength" of the memory will have to double to be able to send/receive 32-bit quantities.1.6 Consider a computer system that contains an I/O module controlling a simplekeyboard/printer Teletype.The following registers are contained in the CPU and connected directly to the system bus:INPR: Input Register, 8 bitsOUTR: Output Register, 8 bitsFGI: Input Flag, 1 bitFGO: Output Flag, 1 bitIEN: Interrupt Enable, 1 bitKeystroke input from the Teletype and output to the printer are controlled by the I/O module.The Teletype is able to encode an alphanumeric symbol to an 8-bit word and decode an 8-bit word into an alphanumeric symbol.The Input flag is set when an 8-bit word enters the input register from the Teletype. The Output flag is set when a word is printed.a. Describe how the CPU, using the first four registers listed in this problem, canachieve I/O with the Teletype.b. Describe how the function can be performed more efficiently by also employingIEN.a. Input from the Teletype is stored in INPR. The INPR will only accept datafrom the Teletype when FGI=0. When data arrives, it is stored in INPR, andFGI is set to 1. The CPU periodically checks FGI. If FGI =1, the CPUtransfers the contents of INPR to the AC and sets FGI to 0.When the CPU has data to send to the Teletype, it checks FGO. If FGO = 0, the CPU must wait. If FGO = 1, the CPU transfers the contents of theAC to OUTR and sets FGO to 0. The Teletype sets FGI to 1 after the word isprinted.b. The process described in (a) is very wasteful. The CPU, which is muchfaster than the Teletype, must repeatedly check FGI and FGO. If interruptsare used, the Teletype can issue an interrupt to the CPU whenever it is readyto accept or send data. The IEN register can be set by the CPU (underprogrammer control)1.7 In virtually all systems that include DMA modules, DMA access to main memoryis given higher priority than processor access to main memory.Why?If a processor is held up in attempting to read or write memory, usually nodamage occurs except a slight loss of time. However, a DMA transfer may be to or from a device that is receiving or sending data in a stream (e.g., disk or tape), and cannot be stopped. Thus, if the DMA module is held up (denied continuing access to main memory), data will be lost.1.8 A DMA module is transferring characters to main memory from an externaldevice transmitting at 9600 bits per second (bps).The processor can fetch instructions at the rate of 1 million instructions per second. By how much will the processor be slowed down due to the DMA activity?Let us ignore data read/write operations and assume the processor only fetches instructions. Then the processor needs access to main memory once every microsecond. The DMA module is transferring characters at a rate of 1200 characters per second, or one every 833 µs. The DMA therefore "steals" every 833rd cycle. This slows down the processor approximately 1⨯100%=0.12%8331.9 A computer consists of a CPU and an I/O device D connected to main memory Mvia a shared bus with a data bus width of one word.The CPU can execute a maximum of106 instructions per second. An average instruction requires five processor cycles,three of which use the memory bus. A memory read or write operation uses one processor cycle. Suppose that the CPU is continuously executing “background”programs that require 95% of its instruction execution rate but not any I/O instructions.Assume that one processor cycle equals one bus cycle. Now suppose that very large blocks of data are to be transferred between M and D.a. If programmed I/O is used and each one-word I/O transfer requires the CPU toexecute two instructions, estimate the maximum I/O data transfer rate, in words per second, possible through D.b. Estimate the same rate if DMA transfer is used.a. The processor can only devote 5% of its time to I/O. Thus the maximum I/Oinstruction execution rate is 106⨯ 0.05 = 50,000 instructions per second. TheI/O transfer rate is therefore 25,000 words/second.b. The number of machine cycles available for DMA control is106(0.05⨯ 5 + 0.95⨯ 2) = 2.15⨯ 106If we assume that the DMA module can use all of these cycles, and ignoreany setup or status-checking time, then this value is the maximum I/Otransfer rate.1.10 Consider the following code:for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)for (j = 0; j<10; j++)a[i] = a[i] * ja. Give one example of the spatial locality in the code.b. Give one example of the temporal locality in the code.a. A reference to the first instruction is immediately followed by a reference tothe second.b. The ten accesses to a[i] within the inner for loop which occur within a shortinterval of time.1.11 Generalize Equations (1.1) and (1.2) in Appendix 1 A to n-level memoryhierarchies.DefineC i = Average cost per bit, memory level iS i = Size of memory level iT i = Time to access a word in memory level iH i = Probability that a word is in memory i and in no higher-level memoryB i = Time to transfer a block of data from memory level (i + 1) to memory level iLet cache be memory level 1; main memory, memory level 2; and so on, for atotal of N levels of memory. ThenC s =C i S i i =1N∑S ii =1N ∑ The derivation of T s is more complicated. We begin with the result from probability theory that:Expected Value of x = i Pr x =1[]i =1N∑We can write:T s = T i H i i =1N ∑We need to realize that if a word is in M 1 (cache), it is read immediately. If it is in M 2 but not M 1, then a block of data is transferred from M 2 to M 1 and then read.Thus:T 2 = B 1 + T 1Further T 3 = B 2 + T 2 = B 1 + B 2 + T 1Generalizing:T i = B j +T 1j =1i -1∑SoT s = B j H i ()j =1i -1∑i =2N ∑+T 1H i i =1N∑But H i i =1N ∑=1Finally T s = B j H i ()j =1i -1∑i =2N ∑+T 11.12 Consider a memory system with the following parameters:Tc = 100 ns Cc = 0.01 cents/bitTm = 1200 ns Cm = 0.001 cents/bita. What is the cost of 1 MByte of main memory?b. What is the cost of 1 MByte of main memory using cache memory technology?c. If the effective access time is 10% greater than the cache access time, what is thehit ratio H ?a. Cost = C m ⨯ 8 ⨯106 = 8 ⨯103 ¢ = $80b. Cost = C c ⨯ 8 ⨯106 = 8 ⨯104 ¢ = $800c. From Equation 1.1 : 1.1 ⨯ T 1 = T 1 + (1 – H)T 2(0.1)(100) = (1 – H)(1200)H = 1190/12001.13 A computer has a cache, main memory, and a disk used for virtual memory. If areferenced word is in the cache, 20 ns are required to access it. If it is in mainmemory but not in the cache, 60 ns are needed to load it into the cache (thisincludes the time to originally check the cache), and then the reference is startedagain. If the word is not in main memory, 12 ms are required to fetch the wordfrom disk, followed by 60 ns to copy it to the cache, and then the reference isstarted again. The cache hit ratio is 0.9 and the main-memory hit ratio is0.6.What is the average time in ns required to access a referenced word on thissystem?There are three cases to consider:Avg = (0.9)(20) + (0.06)(80) + (0.04)(12000080) = 480026 ns1.14 Suppose a stack is to be used by the processor to manage procedure calls andreturns. Can the program counter be eliminated by using the top of the stack as a program counter?Yes, if the stack is only used to hold the return address. If the stack is also used to pass parameters, then the scheme will work only if it is the control unit that removes parameters, rather than machine instructions. In the latter case, the processor would need both a parameter and the PC on top of the stack at the same time.。
计算机必须掌握的英语单词
1.file n. 文件;v. 保存文件 2. command n. 命令指令 3. use v. 使用用途4. program n. 程序 5. line n. (数据程序)行线路 6. if conj. 如果7. display vt. 显示显示器8. set v. 设置n. 集合9. key n. 键关键字关键码10. list n. 列表显示v. 打印11. by prep. 凭靠沿12. press v. 按压13. with prep. 用与随着14. format n. 格式15. change v. 更换改变变动16. cursor n. 光标17. directory n. 目录索引簿18. from prep. 从来自以来19. menu n. 菜单目录20. option n. 任选选择可选项21. character n. 字符符号特性22. current n. 电流23. type n. 型类型;v. 打印24. screen n. 屏幕屏;v. 屏蔽25. specify v. 指定规定确定26. move v. 移动27. disk n. 盘磁盘28. text n. 正文文本29. drive v. 驱动;n. 驱动器30. see v. 看看出查看31. name n. 名名称;vt. 命名32. record n. 记录33. box n. 箱匣(逻辑)框34. database n. 数据库35. help v. & n. 帮助36. memory n. 记忆存储存储器37. which pron. 哪个a. 那一个38. all a. 全全部;ad. 完全39. on ad. 接通导电开40. copy n. 复制v. 拷贝41. shell n. 壳外壳42. delete vt. 删除删去作废43. enter v. 键入送入44. margin n. 余量边缘边际45. mark n. 标记;vt. 加标记46. also ad. & conj. 也亦还47. do v. 做干;n. 循环48. information n. 信息情报49. choose v. 挑选选择选定50. select vt. 选择51. group n. 组群52. first a. & ad. & n. 第一首先53. field n. 字段域栏场54. procedure n. 过程程序工序55. print v. 打印印刷56. return v. 返回回送57. number n. 数字号码;vt. 编号58. selected a. 精选的59. want v. 需要应该缺少60. window n. 窗口61. message n. 信息消息电文62. dialog n. & vt. 对话63. example n. 例子实例64. create vt. 创立建立65. insert vt. 插入66. related a. 相关的67. item n. 项项目条款68. edit vt. 编辑编排编篡69. marked a. 有记号的70. area n. (区)域面积方面71. parameter n. 参数参变量72. then ad. & conj. 那时则73. variable a. 可变的;n. 变量74. tab n. 制表键75. up ad. 上向上a. 高的76. string n. 行字符串77. each a. & ad. 各(自)每个78. active a. 激活的活动的79. topic n. 题目论题80. start v. 起动开始启动81. mode n. 态方式模82. selection n. 选择83. function n. 函数功能操作84. word n. 字(词)单词85. make vt. 制造形成接通86. right a. 右边的正确的87. value n. 值88. button n. 按钮89. index n. 索引变址指数90. without prep. 没有在…以外91. appear vi. 出现显现好像92. left a. & n. 左边(的) 93. save v. 保存94. next n. 下一次a. 其次95. off ad. (设备)关着脱离96. following a. 下列的以下的97. control v. 控制支配管理98. only a. 唯一的ad. 仅仅99. user n. 用户100. end n. 结束终点端点101. system n. 系统102. contain vt. 包含包括103. time n. 时间;vt. 计时104. letter n. 字母信105. data n. 数据106. setting n. 设置调整107. desire v. & n. 期望108. position n. 位置;vt. 定位109. down ad. 落下降低减少110. task n. 任务;v. 派给…任务111. view n. & v. 视图景象112. switch n. & v. 开关转换切换113. include vt. 包括包含114. get v. 得到获得取115. default v. 缺省预置约定116. structure n. 结构构造构件117. into prep. 向内进入118. path n. 路径通路轨道119. blank n. 空白间隔120. open v. 打开开启断开121. add v. & n. 加增加添122. enable vt. 启动恢复正常操作123. operation n. 操作运算动作124. erase v. 擦除取消删除125. filename n. 文件名126. search v. 检索查询搜索127. another a. 另一个别的128. last a. & n. 最后(的) 129. column n. 列柱栏130. after prep. & ad. 以后后面131. prompt n. & v. 提示132. two n. & a. 二两双133. execute v. 实行实施134. about ad. 关于大约附近135. escape v. 逃避逸出换码136. error n. 错误误差差错137. currently ad. 目前现在138. extension n. 扩充延伸139. same a. 同样的相同的140. status n. 状态态状况141. run v. 运行运转操作142. argument n. 变元自变量143. statement n. 语句陈述命题144. shift v. 转义换档移位145. store n. & vt. 存储存储器146. scroll vt. 上滚(卷);n. 纸卷147. replace vt. 替换置换代换148. macro n. 宏宏功能宏指令149. page n. 页面页版面150. quit v. 退出结束151. define vt. 定义规定分辨152. reference n. & a. 参考;参考的153. other a. 别的另外的154. while conj. 当…的时候155. pressing n. & a. 压制紧急的156. restore vt. 恢复复原157. top n. 顶尖端158. how ad. 如何怎样多么159. color n. 颜色色彩(彩)色160. allow v. 允许容许161. block n. (字信息数据)块162. decimal n. & a. 十进制十进制的163. main a. 主要的164. definition n. 定义确实清晰度165. between prep. 在…之间中间166. optional a. 任选的可选的167. date n. 日期168. remove v. 除去移动169. arrow n. 箭头指针170. label n. 标签标号标识符171. within prep. 在…以内172. issue v. 发行出版流出173. different a. 不同的各种各样的174. available a. 可用的175. returned a. 退回的176. associate v. 相联联想关联177. attribute n. 属性标志表征178. dos 磁盘操作系统179. before prep. 以前前先180. order n. & vt. 指令次序;排序181. modify vt. 修改改变变址182. array n. 数组阵列183. mouse n. 鼠标器184. note n. 注解注释185. locate vt. 定位186. video n. 视频电视187. printer n. 打印机印刷机188. bar n. 条杆棒189. bottom n. & a. 底基础底下的190. carriage n. 滑架托架191. content n. 含量容量内容192. either a. & pron. 任何一个各193. ok ad. & a. 对好;全对194. space n. 空格键空间195. editor n. 编辑程序196. exist vi. 存在生存有197. scope n. 范围显示器198. paragraph n. 段(落)节短讯199. multi (词头)多200. clear v. 清除弄干净201. exit n. & vi. 出口;退出202. report vt. & n. 报告报表203. execution n. 执行204. backup n. 备份后备后援205. version n. 版本206. find v. 寻找发现207. pointer n. 指针指示字208. subset n. 子集子设备209. keyboard n. 键盘210. full a. & ad. & n. 全(的)满211. check v. 校对栓查核算212. should v. & aux. 应当该213. single a. & n. 单个的一个单214. positioning n. 定位215. provide v. 提供216. title n. 题目标题217. expression n. 表达式218. through prep. & ad. 通过直通219. toggle n. & v. 触发器;系紧220. code n. 码代码编码221. such a. & pron. 这样的如此222. beginning n. 起点初223. guide n. 向导指南入门224. tree n. 树语法树225. environment n. 环境226. but 但是可是除非不过227. device n. 设备器件装置228. highlight n. 增强亮度提示区229. call v. 调用访问呼叫230. continue v. 连续继续231. indicate vt. 指示表示232. until prep. 到…为止直到233. begin v. 开始着手开端234. place vt. 放位地点235. rename vt. 更名改名236. swap v. 交换调动237. work n. 工作238. remain vi. 剩下留下仍然239. close v. & a. 关闭闭合紧密的240. combination n. 结合组合241. profile n. 简要剖面概貌242. unless conj. 除非243. so pron. & conj. 如此这样244. except prep. 除…之外除非245. turn v. & n. 转转动;圈匝246. back n. 背面反向底座247. sure a. & ad. 确实的;的确248. section n. 节段区域249. follow v. 跟随跟踪250. split v. 分开分离251. need v. 必须需要252. access n. 存取选取接近253. additional a. 附加的辅助的254. cancel v. 删除取消作废255. document n. 文献资料文件256. case n. 情况场合257. numeric n. & a. 数字的分数258. go vi. 运行达到259. load n. & v. 装入负载寄存260. try n. (尝)试试验261. size n. 尺寸大小容量262. entire a. & n. 完全的;总体263. leave v. 离开留下264. history n. 历史265. second n. & a. 秒第二(的)266. reflow v. & n. 回流逆流267. output n. 输出输出设备268. out n. & a. 输入在外269. both a. & ad. 两双都270. install vt. 安装271. source n. 源电源源点272. way n. 路线途径状态273. assign vt. 赋值指定分派274. support vt. 支援支持配套275. specific a. 特殊的具体的276. join v. & n. 连接并(运算)277. expand v. 扩充扩展展开278. like a. 类似的同样的279. diskette n. 软磁盘软盘片280. skip v. 跳跃(定位)跳过281. application n. 应用282. confirmation n. 认可283. whether conj. 无论不管284. hold v. 保持285. click n. “卡搭”声插销286. write v. 写存入287. byte n. (二进制的)字节288. abbreviate vt. 缩写省略289. show v. 显示呈现出示290. otherwise ad. & a. 另外291. working n. 工作操作作业292. delimiter n. 定界符分界符293. location n. 定位(存储器)单元294. perform v. 执行完成295. graphic n. & a. 图形图形的296. read v. 读读阅297. confirm vt. 证实确认298. sort v. 分类排序299. clause n. 条款项目子句300. once ad. & n. 只一次一旦301. however conj. 然而可是302. extend v. 扩充303. look v. 看查看304. starting a. 起始的305. now ad. & n. 此刻现在306. original n. & a. 原文原(初)始的307. correspond vi. 通信(联系)308. property n. 性(质)特征309. several a. & n. 若干个几个310. learn v. 学习训练311. cause n. 原因理由312. bracket n. (方)括号等级313. omit vt. 省略删去遗漏314. running a. 运行着的游动的315. sub-directory n. 子目录316. edge n. 棱边边缘界限317. form n. 格式表格方式318. instruction n. 指令指导319. ascii n. 美国信息交换标准码320. below a. & prep. 下列的;低于321. standard n. 标准322. occurrence n. 出现发生323. lock n. & v. 锁封闭;自动跟踪324. append vt. 附加增补325. destination n. 目的地接收站326. password n. 口令保密字327. point n. 点小数点句号328. variety n. 变化种类品种329. many a. & n. 许多多数330. buffer n. 缓冲器331. useful a. 有用的332. object n. 对象目标物体333. again ad. 再又重新也334. operating a. 操作的控制的335. carry v. 进位带336. update v. 更新修改校正337. moving n. & a.活动的自动的338. coprocessor n. 协同处理器339. overlay v. 覆盖重叠340. practice n. 实习实践341. navigation n. 导航342. automatically ad.自动地机械地343. total n. & v. 总数;总计344. previous a. 早先的上述的345. software n. 软件346. shortcut n. 近路捷径347. long a. 长的远的348. unique a. 唯一的独特的349. part n. 部分零件350. updated a. 适时的更新的351. internal a. 内部的352. fill v. 填充353. basic n. & a. 基本;基本的354. math n. 数学355. since prep. 自从…以来356. determine v. 确定357. making n. 制造构造358. center n. 中心中央359. already ad. 已经早已360. keyword n. 关键字(词)361. action n. 操作运算362. condition n. 条件情况vt. 调节363. quick a. & ad. 快速的灵敏的364. assigned a. 指定的赋值的365. give vt. 给出赋予发生366. large a. (巨)大的大量的367. chapter n. 章段368. computer n. 计算机369. complete v. & a. 完成;完整的370. past a. 过去的结束的371. match v. 比较匹配符合372. recover v. 恢复回收373. always ad. 总是一直始终374. require v. 需要要求375. opening n. 打开断路孔376. network n. & vt. 网络;联网377. sign n. 符号信号记号378. release vt. & n. 释放核发版379. three a. & n. 三(的) 380. recall vt. 撤消复活检索381. deletion n. 删去(部分)删除382. fixed a. 固定的不变的383. amount vt. & n. 总计;合计384. alias n. 别名代号标记385. quote n. & v. 引号;加引号386. correct a. & vt. 正确的387. else ad. & conj. 否则此外388. maximum n. & a. 最大(的)389. under prep. 在…下面(之下) 390. take v. 取拿391. switching n. 开关转接交换392. element n. 元件元素码元393. modification n. 改变修改394. modified a. 修改的变更的395. input n. 输入输入设备396. uppercase n. 大写字母397. plus prep. 加加上外加398. found v. 建立创办399. debug vt. 调试400. force v. & n. 强制压力强度401. lowercase n. 下档小写体402. just ad. 恰好403. undo vt. 取消废除404. environ vt. 围绕包围405. why ad. 为什么406. temporary a. 暂时的临时的407. put v. 存放(记录)放置408. instead ad. (来)代替当作409. encounter v. & n. 遇到碰到410. across prep. 交叉越过411. matching n. 匹配调整412. wildcard n. 通配符413. spill v. 漏出溢出漏失414. level n. 水平级层次415. browse v. 浏览416. speech n. 说话言语语音417. occur vi. 发生出现存在418. memo n. 备忘录419. prior a. 先验的优先的420. loaded a. 有负载的421. length n. (字记录块)长度422. round v. 舍入四舍五入423. variant n. & a. 变体易变的424. floppy n. 软磁盘425. machine n. 机器计算机426. square n. & a. 正方形427. supply vt. & n. 电源供给428. home n. & a. 家出发点429. normal a. & n. 正常标准430. onto prep. 向…到…上431. during prep. 在…期间432. module n. 模块(程序设计) 433. monochrome n. 单色434. assistance n. 辅助设备帮助435. tell n. 讲说教计算436. library n. (程序…)库图书馆437. demonstration n. (公开)表演示范438. stack n. 栈堆栈存储栈439. even a. & ad. 偶数的;甚至440. evaluate v. 估计估算求值441. times n. 次数442. previously ad. 以前预先443. directly ad. 直接地立即444. logical a. 逻辑的逻辑“或” 445. template n. 标准框样板模板446. calling n. 呼叫调用调入447. later a. 更后的后面的448. driver n. 驱动器驱动程序449. therefore ad. & conj. 因此所以450. saving a. 保存的451. detail n. 元件零件细节452. linker n. 连接程序453. loop n. 圈环(程序)循环回路454. process vt. 处理进程加工455. scheme n. 方案计划图456. every a. 每个全体所有的457. refer v. 访问引用涉及458. possible a. 可能的潜在的459. above a. 在…之上大于460. overview n. 综述概要461. result n. 结果462. syntax n. 语法文法句法463. abbreviation n. 缩短省略简称464. bios n. 基本输入/输出系统465. hidden a. 隐藏的秘密的466. null n. & a. 空(的)零(的) 467. send v. 发送468. private a. 专用的私人的469. hard a. 硬的470. hardware n. 硬件471. say v. 说显示假定472. equal vt. & n. 等于相等;等号473. pack n. 压缩包裹474. minus a. & n. 负的;负数减475. alternate a. 交替的备用的476. collapse v. 崩溃破裂477. corner n. 角角落转换478. present a. & v. 现行的;提供479. interpreter n. 解释程序翻译机480. advance v. & n. 进步提高;进展481. forward a. 正向的482. fast a. & ad. 快速的483. special a. 专用的特殊的484. slash n. 斜线485. utility n. & a. 实用程序486. regardless a. 不注意的不考虑的487. disable vt. 禁止停用488. compatible a. 可兼容的可共存的489. depend vi. 随…而定取决于490. empty a. 空零未占用491. alphabetical a. 字母(表)的abc的492. branch n. 分支支线;v. 转换493. resume v. 重(新)开(始) 494. multiple a. 多次的复杂的495. monitor n. 监视器监督程序496. configuration n. 配置497. replacement n. 替换置换更新498. required a. 需要的499. macros n. 宏命令(指令) 501. loss n. 损耗损失502. batch n. 批批量成批503. exact a. 正确的504. aboveboard ad. & a. 照直公开的505. activate vt. & n. 使激活驱动506. around ad. & prep. 周围围绕507. slow a. & ad. 慢速的508. floating a. 浮动的浮点的509. refresh v. 刷新更新再生510. stop v. 停止停机511. pass v. 传送传递遍(数)512. public a. 公用的公共的513. eject n. 弹出514. ignore vt. 不管忽略不计515. share v. 共享共用516. sequence n. 顺序时序序列517. consist vi. 符合包括518. step n. 步步骤步长档519. double a. 两倍的成双的520. come vi. 来到出现521. lower a. 下部的低级的522. describe vt. 描述沿…运行523. count v. 计数计算524. pop v. 上托弹出(栈) 525. valid a. 有效的526. suspend v. 中止暂停挂起527. enhance vt. 增强放大夸张528. separate v. & a. 分隔分离各自的529. echo n. 回波反射波530. necessary a. 必要的必然的531. greater than 大于532. able a. 能…的有能力的533. marking n. 标记记号传号534. ask v. 请求需要535. term n. 项条款术语536. bring v. 引起产生拿来537. warning n. & a. 报警预告538. less a. & ad. 更小更少539. whose pron. 谁的540. comment n. & vi. 注解注释541. effect n. 效率作用效能542. expanding a. 扩展的扩充的543. on-line a. 联机的544. reorder v. (按序)排列排序545. direct a. 直接的546. enclose vt. 封闭密封围住包装547. reset vt. 复位置“0”548. various a. 不同的各种各样549. paper n. 纸文件论文550. prevent v. 防止预防551. side n. (旁)边面侧(面)552. push v. 推按压进(栈) 553. programming n. 程序设计编程序554. upper a. 上的上部的555. row n. 行556. pressed a. 加压的压缩的557. temporarily ad. 暂时558. day n. 日天白天时代559. repaint vt. 重画560. redefine vt. 重新规定(定义) 561. relation n. 关系关系式562. dimension n. 尺寸维因次563. boundary n. 边界界限约束564. zoom v. 变焦距565. initialize v. 初始化566. personal a. 个人的自身的567. hello int. & v. 喂!;呼叫568. true a. & n. 真实选中569. wish v. & n. 祝愿希望570. font n. 铅字字形571. know v. 知道了解认识572. convert v. 转换变换573. global n. 全局全程全局符574. still a. & n. & v. 静止的平静575. installation n. 安装装配576. invoke vt. 调用请求577. interactive a. 交互式交互的578. described a. 被看到的被发现的579. century n. 世纪580. literal a. 文字的581. rather ad. 宁可有点582. exclusive a. 排斥排它性583. marker n. 记号标记标志584. wait v. 等待585. appropriate a. 适当的合适的586. fit v. & n. 适合装配;非特587. adapter n. 适配器转换器588. filter n. 滤波器滤光材料589. break v. 断开撕开中断590. backward ad. 向后逆倒591. searching n. 搜索592. receive v. 接收593. dual a. 对偶的双的594. retry vt. 再试复算595. normally ad. 正常地通常596. exactly ad. 正好完全精确地597. immediately ad. 直接地598. separated a. 分开的599. high a. 高600. equivalent a. 相等的等效的601. light n. & a. 光(波源);轻的602. zero n. 零零位零点604. width n. 宽度605. language n. 语言606. startup n. 启动607. much a. & n. 很多许多大量608. per prep. 每按609. over prep. 在…上方610. mirror n. & v. 镜反射反映611. request n. & vt. 请求612. keypad n. 小键盘613. keep v. 保持保存614. resident a. 驻留的615. learning n. 学问知识617. summary n. 摘要汇总提要618. well n. & a. 井;好良好619. link n. & v. 链接;连接联络620. according to a. 按照根据621. identify v. 识别辨认622. designated a. 指定的特指的623. pertain vi. 附属属于关于624. expansion n. 展开展开式625. incompatible a. 不兼容的626. blinking n. 闪烁627. month n. 月份628. precede v. 先于629. readily ad. 容易地不勉强630. transportable a. 可移动的631. appropriately ad. 适当地632. routine n. 程序例行程序633. ready a. 就绪准备好的634. listing n. 列表编目635. newly ad. 新近重新636. year n. (一)年年度年龄637. contact n. 接触触点638. session n. 对话通话639. own a. & v. 自己的;拥有640. redraw vt. 再拉641. here ad. 在这里642. manual a. 手工的手动的643. particular a. 特定的特别的644. rectangle n. 矩形645. additive a. & n. 相加的;附加物646. similar a. 相似的647. assembly n. 汇编安装装配648. copyright n. 版权649. description n. 描述650. retrieve v. 检索651. mistake n. 错误652. produce v. 生产制造653. ram 随机存取存储器654. exception n. 例外异常异议655. digit n. 数字位数位656. reverse v. & a. 反向的逆657. minimum n. & a. 最小(的)658. enough a. & ad. 足够的充足的659. although conj. 虽然即使660. reindex v. & n. 变换(改变)符号661. third a. & n. 第三三分之一662. red a. & n. 红色(的) 663. along prep. & ad. 沿着664. test n. & v. 测试665. small a. 小的小型的666. feed v. 馈给(打印机)进纸667. company n. & v. 公司;交际交往668. movie n. 影片电影(院) 669. compile vt. 编译670. frequently ad. 常常频繁地671. undefined a. 未定义的672. state n. & vt. 状态;确定673. tick v;n. 滴答(响);勾号(√) 674. accept vt. 接受认可同意675. intense a. 强烈的高度的676. documentation n. 文件编制文本677. asterisk n. 星号(*) 678. easily ad. 容易地轻易地679. become v. 成为变成适宜680. address vt. & n. 寻址;地址681. interface n. 接口682. pause vi. 暂停683. repeat v. 重复684. restart v. 重新启动再启动685. assumed a. 假定的686. speed n. 速度687. entry n. 输入项(目)入口688. combine v. 组合联合689. organize v. 组织创办成立690. finished a. 完成的691. mixed a. 混合的692. permit v. 许可容许693. formatting n. 格式化694. root n. 根695. symbol n. 符号记号696. binary n. & a. 二进制;697. whenever ad. & conj. 随时698. reach v. & n. 范围达到范围699. caution n. & v. 警告注意700. subtotal n. & v. 小计求部分和701. card n. 卡片插件(板) 702. general a. 通用的703. associated a. 联合的相联的704. transfer v. 传送转换转移705. connect v. 连接706. partition v. 划分分区部分707. hexadecimal a. 十六进制的708. generate vt. 产生发生生成709. specification n. 说明书规则说明书710. customize vt. 定制定做711. far a. 远的遥远的712. nest v. 嵌套后进先出713. duplicate vt. 复制转录加倍714. compression n. 压缩浓缩715. unable a. 不能的716. means n. 方法手段717. alternately ad. 交替地轮流地718. intensity n. 强度亮度719. reading n. 读读数720. let v. 让允许721. explicitly ad. 明显地显然地722. compare v. 比较对照比喻723. sector n. & v. 扇区段;分段724. problem n. 问题难题725. vertically ad. 竖直地直立地726. horizontally ad. 水平地727. backspace v. 退格回退728. terminate v. 端接终止729. people n. 人们730. short a. & n. 短的;短路731. drag vt. 拖拉牵曳732. formatted a. 有格式的733. preview n. & vt. 预映734. underscore vt. 在…下面划线735. correctly ad. 正确地736. initially ad. 最初开头737. reformat v. 重定格式738. inside n. & a. 内部内容;内部的739. integrate v. 综合集成740. controlled a. 受控制的受操纵的741. period n. 周期742. huge a. 巨大的非常的743. determined a. 坚决的毅然的744. trailing n. & a. 结尾;尾随的745. seek v. 查找寻找探求746. introduction n. 入门介绍引进747. indent v. 缩排748. base n. 基底基地址749. integer n. 整数750. attempt vt. & n. 尝试试验751. twice n. & ad. 两次两倍于752. formed a. & n. 成形753. subscript n. 注脚下标754. tiny a. 微小的微量的755. model n. 模型样机型号756. correction n. 校正修正757. rating n. 定额标称值758. secondary a. 辅助的第二的759. opened a. 开路的断开的760. limit n. 极限限界761. sun n. 太阳日762. translate v. 翻译转换平移763. reason n. 原因理由764. colon n. 冒号“:” 765. avoid vt. 避免取消无效766. range n. 范围域区域767. allocate vt. 分配768. wordperfect a. 一字不错地熟记的769. simply ad. 简单地单纯地770. verify vt. 鉴定检验核对771. manner n. 方法样式惯例772. direction n. 方向定向指向773. portion n. & vt. 部分;分配774. emulator n. 仿真器仿真程序775. successful a. 成功的776. applied a. 适用的外加的777. sum n. 和合计总额778. achieve vt. 完成实现779. together ad. 一同共同相互781. delay v. 延迟782. free a. 自由的空闲的783. properly ad. 真正地适当地784. kind n. 种类属级等785. splitting n. 分区(裂) 786. feature n. 特征特点787. console n. 控制台操作台788. operate v. 操作运算789. kernel n. 内核(核心)程序790. easy a. & ad. 容易的;容易地791. modifier n. 修改量变址数792. invalid a. 无效的793. compiler n. 编译程序(器) 794. dot n. 点795. beep n. 蜂鸣声嘀嘀声796. face n. 面表面797. random a. 随机的798. facility n. 设施装备便利799. heading n. 标题800. asynchronous a. 异步的非同步的801. series n. 序列系列串联802. individual a. 个别的单个的803. explain v. 阐明解释804. paste n. 湖胶膏805. welcome vt. & n. 欢迎806. six n. & a. 六(个)(的) 807. early a. & ad. 早期初期808. wrap v. & n. 包装缠绕809. blue a. & n. 蓝(色)青色810. queue v. & n. 排队队列811. interrupt v. & n. 中断812. respect n. & vt. 遵守关系813. converted a. 转换的变换的814. common a. 公用的815. hyphen n. 连字符短线816. serial a. 串行的串联的817. loading n. 装入加载存放818. retain vt. 保持维持819. setup n. 安排准备配置820. freeze v. 冻结结冰821. intend vt. 打算设计822. explanation n. 说明注解注释823. certain a. 确实的确定的824. zap v. 迅速离去击溃825. archive vt. 归档826. negative a. 负的否定的827. image n. 图像影像映像828. platform n. 平台台架829. often ad. 经常往往屡次830. signal n. & v. 信号;发信号831. cpu 控制处理部件832. bit n. 比特;(二进制)位833. fully ad. 十分完全834. deactivate vt. 释放去活化836. usually ad. 通常平常一般837. recommend vt. 推荐建议838. maintain vt. 维护保养保留839. important a. 严重的显著的840. central a. 中央的中心的841. addition n. 加法增加842. anytime ad. 在任何时候843. analyst n. 分析员844. false a. 假(布尔值)错误845. black a. & n. 黑色的黑色846. gather n. 聚集集合847. cycle n. & v. 周周期;循环848. relative a. 相对的849. offer v. 提供给予呈现850. ending n. 结束851. rent v. & n. 租用;裂缝852. sentence n. 句(子) 853. remember v. 存储记忆记住854. proper a. 真的固有的855. design v. 设计856. examine v. 检验考试审查857. initial a. 最初的初始的858. corrupt v. & a. 恶化;有毛病的859. buy v. 买购买赢得860. increase v. 增加增大861. host n. 主机862. sample n. & v. 样品样本;抽样863. pending a. 悬而未决的未定的864. divide v. 除865. boot n. 引导靴866. hide v. 隐藏隐蔽867. half n. & a. & ad. 一半半个868. magenta n. & a. 深红色(的)869. leading n. & a. 引导(的) 870. wrong a. & ad. n. 错误(的)871. today n. & ad. 今天872. least a. & ad. 最小(的)873. opposite a. & n. & ad. 相反的874. white a. & n. 白色(的)875. override v. & n. 超越克服876. brown a. & n. 褐色(的)棕色877. hex a. & n. 六角形的878. rest n. & v. 剩余休息879. damage n. & vt. 损伤故障880. instant a. 立刻的直接的881. reserved a. 保留的预订的882. technology n. 工艺技术制造学883. handle n. 处理句柄884. apply v. 应用适用于作用885. stand v. 处于(状态)保持886. payment n. 支付付款887. kilobyte n. 千字节(kb) 888. parenthesis n. 括弧圆括号889. scan v. 扫描扫视搜索890. locating n. 定位查找891. developer n. 开发者显影剂892. murder n. 弄坏毁掉893. flush v. 弄平使齐平894. unlock v. 开锁打开895. movement n. 传送移动896. consecutive a. 连续的连贯的897. collection n. 集合聚集画卷898. front a. 前面的正面的899. addressing n. 寻址900. prefix n. 前缀901. carousel n. 圆盘传送带902. safety n. 安全保险903. static a. 静态的不变的904. background n. 背景底色905. product n. (乘)积产品906. assignment n. 赋值分配907. bad a. 坏的不良的908. declare v. 说明909. adjust vt. 调整调节控制910. recognize v. 识别911. route n. 路线路由912. respectively ad. 分别地913. unsuccessful a. 不成功的失败的914. received a. 被接收的公认的915. navigate v. 导航驾驶916. considered a. 考虑过的被尊重的917. due a. 到期的应付(给)的918. recently ad. 近来919. room n. 房间空间920. descend v. 下降落下921. fact n. 事实922. alter v. 改变修改923. track n. 磁道轨道924. precedence n. 优先权925. skeleton n. 骨架框架926. log n. & v. 记录存入927. star n. 星形星号928. hot a. 热的929. replaceable a. 可替换的930. accessible a. 可以使用的931. involve vt. 涉及卷入占用932. configure vt. 使成形933. question n. 问题934. green n. & a. 绿色绿色的935. entirely ad. 完全地彻底地936. helpful a. 有帮助的有用的937. middle a. 中间的938. declared a. 承认的申报的939. compress vt. 压缩精减940. graphically ad. 用图表表示941. auto a. 自动的942. automatic a. 自动的943. aligned a. 对准的均衡的944. anywhere ad. 在任何地方945. terminal n. 终端端子946. door n. 舱门入口孔947. expire v. 终止期满948. resolution n. 分辨率949. local a. 局部的本地的950. semicolon n. 分号(;) 951. reread vt. 重读952. overwrite v. 重写953. critical a. & n. 临界的;临界值954. manager n. 管理程序955. capability n. 能力效力权力956. affected a. 受了影响的957. allowed a. 容许的958. border n. 边界框界限959. cache n. 高速缓存960. bell n. 铃钟961. play v. 玩奏放音放象962. quickly a. 快迅速地963. fastback n. 快速返回964. answer n. & v. 响应回答;答复965. represent v. 表示表现代表966. difference n. 差分差967. highest a. 最高的968. project n. 项目计划设计969. physical a. 物理的实际的970. matter n. 物质内容事情971. hercules n. 大力神大力士972. reduce v. 减少降低简化973. publisher n. 出版者发行人974. trim n. 区标微调975. substitute v. 代替替换代入976. disabled a. 禁止的报废的977. recent a. 近来的978. positive a. 正的阳的正片979. upgrade v. 升级提高质量980. instance n. & vt. 例子情况;举例981. happen vi. (偶然)发生碰巧982. elapsed vi. & n. 经过983. future n. & a. 将来未来的984. midnight n. & a. 午夜985. though conj. 虽然尽管986. nor conj. 也不987. mono a. & n. 单音的988. slide v. & n. 滑动滑动触头989. abort v. & n. 中断故障990. jump v. & n. 转移991. toward prep. 朝(着…方向)992. throughout prep. 贯穿整遍993. via prep. 经过经由994. among prep. 在…之中中间995. neither a. & pron. (两者)都不996. layer n. & v. 层涂层997. scatter v. 散射分散散布998. attention n. 注意(信号)999. convention n. 常规约定协定1000. conventional a. 常规的习惯的00. table n. 表。
计算机专业英语词汇大全
计算机专业英语词汇大全计算机专业英语词汇大全1. Algorithm:算法2. Application:应用3. Architecture:架构4. Array:数组5. Binary:二进制6. Boolean:布尔7. Byte:字节8. Cache:缓存9. Character:字符10. Class:类11. Client:客户端12. Code:代码13. Compiler:编译器14. Computer:计算机15. Console:控制台16. Database:数据库17. Debugging:调试18. Declaration:声明19. Desktop:桌面20. Development:开发21. Directory:目录22. Documentation:文档23. Domain:域名24. Error:错误25. File:文件26. Function:函数27. Hardware:硬件28. Hexadecimal:十六进制29. IDE:集成开发环境30. Integer:整数31. Interface:接口32. Interpreter:解释器33. IP address:IP地址34. Java:Java语言35. Keyword:关键字36. Library:库37. Literal:字面量38. Logic:逻辑39. Loop:循环40. Memory:内存41. Method:方法42. Module:模块43. Object:对象44. Operating system:操作系统45. Package:包46. Parameter:参数47. Parser:解析器48. Platform:平台49. Pointer:指针50. Polymorphism:多态51. Port:端口52. Program:程序53. Protocol:协议54. Query:查询55. Queue:队列56. RAM:内存57. Register:寄存器58. Relational database:关系型数据库59. Runtime:运行时60. Script:脚本61. SDK:软件开发工具包62. Server:服务器63. Software:软件64. Source code:源代码65. SQL:结构化查询语言66. Stack:栈67. Statement:语句68. String:字符串69. Structured programming:结构化编程70. Subroutine:子程序71. Syntax:语法72. TCP/IP:传输控制协议/网际协议73. TCP:传输控制协议74. Text editor:文本编辑器75. Thread:线程76. Translation:翻译77. UNIX:操作系统78. URL:统一资源定位符79. Variable:变量80. Vector:向量81. Version control:版本控制82. Virtual machine:虚拟机83. Visual Basic:可视化基础84. Web server:Web服务器85. Web:网络86. Windows:操作系统87. XML:可扩展标记语言88. Object-oriented programming:面向对象编程89. Compiler optimization:编译器优化90. Software validation:软件验证91. Functional programming:函数式编程92. Garbage collection:垃圾回收93. Refactoring:重构94. Test-driven development:测试驱动开发95. Agile development:敏捷开发96. Waterfall model:瀑布模型97. Big data:大数据98. Cloud computing:云计算99. Cybersecurity:网络安全100. Machine learning:机器学习以上是计算机专业英语词汇大全,涵盖了计算机专业中常用的词汇和术语,不仅对从事计算机相关工作的人有用,对于学生也有较大的帮助。
钥匙的英语书写格式
钥匙的英语书写格式Key is an essential item that we use in our daily lives to unlock doors, cabinets, and various objects. In English, the word "key" is spelled with the letter "k," "e," and "y" in lowercase letters. However, when it comes to discussing the English writing format of the word "key" in different contexts, we need to consider various factors.1. The word "key" in general sentences:When using the word "key" in general sentences, it should be written as a lowercase word, unless it is the first word of a sentence or part of a proper noun. For example:- I lost my key. (lowercase)- The Key to Success (capitalized as the first word of a title)2. Plural form of "key":When referring to multiple keys, the word "key" should be written as "keys" with an "s" at the end. For example:- These keys open different doors.3. Key as a musical term:In the context of music, the word "key" refers to the scale or tonality of a piece. In this case, it should be written in uppercase letters. For example:- The symphony was composed in the key of C major.4. Keyboard keys:When discussing individual keys on a keyboard or piano, it is common to use uppercase letters to represent the keys. For example:- Press the A key to input the letter "A."5. Naming specific keys:When referring to specific keys on a keyboard or piano, it is common to use a combination of uppercase letters and numbers. For example:- Press the Ctrl key (Control key) to perform a specific action.- He typed the letter "4" using the number key on the keyboard.6. Key in computer terms:In computer terms, the word "key" often refers to a special button or combination of buttons used to perform specific actions. It is typically represented in uppercase letters. For example:- Press the Enter key to submit the form.- Use the Ctrl + Alt + Delete keys to restart the computer.7. Key in cryptography:In the field of cryptography, a "key" refers to a piece of information used to encrypt or decrypt messages. It is usually represented in uppercase letters. For example:- The encryption process requires a secret Key.In conclusion, the English writing format of the word "key" varies depending on its usage. In general sentences, it is written in lowercase.However, when referring to the key's musical, technical, or specific keyboard functionalities, it may be written in uppercase letters or combined with numbers. It is important to follow the appropriate format based on the context in which the word "key" is used.。
学生应该怎样使用电脑英语作文
学生应该怎样使用电脑英语作文As an AI language model, I can't see the prompt you're referring to, so I'll just give you some general guidelines on how to use a computer as a student.First of all, computers are incredibly useful tools for studying and learning. With a computer, you can access a wealth of information online, communicate with classmates and teachers, and complete assignments more efficiently. However, it's important to use your computer effectively and responsibly to get the most out of it.Here are some tips for using your computer as a student:1. Stay organized: Use folders to keep track of your assignments, notes, and other important files. This will make it easier to find what you need when you need it.2. Manage your time: Set aside specific times for studying and completing assignments. Avoid distractionslike social media or games during these times.3. Use the internet wisely: The internet can be a great resource for research and learning, but it can also be adistraction. Use tools like website blockers to limit your access to distracting sites during study sessions.4. Take breaks: It's important to take breaks to avoid burnout. Use your computer to take short breaks, like watching a funny video or listening to music, but don't let these breaks turn into long distractions.5. Protect your computer: Make sure your computer is protected from viruses and other threats by installinganti-virus software and keeping it up to date.以上是我的英文回答,接下来是中文回答:作为一名学生,使用电脑可以帮助你更有效地学习和完成作业,但是需要注意使用的方法和技巧。
计算机的发明 英文作文
计算机的发明英文作文The Invention of the ComputerThe invention of the computer is one of the most significant achievements in human history. It has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate.The idea of a computing device can be traced back to ancient times, but the modern computer as we know it began to take shape in the 20th century. In the 1940s, the first electronic general-purpose computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was developed. This massive machine was capable of performing complex calculations at a speed that was previously unimaginable.The development of the computer was driven by the need for faster and more accurate data processing in various fields such as science, business, and military. As technology advanced, computers became smaller, more powerful, and more accessible to the general public.The impact of the computer on our lives is immeasurable. It has enabled us to process and store vast amounts of information, facilitating research and development in numerous disciplines. Ithas transformed the way businesses operate, increasing efficiency and productivity. Communication has also been greatly enhanced through the internet, which is made possible by computers.In education, computers have become an essential tool for learning, providing access to a wealth of knowledge and educational resources. In healthcare, they assist in diagnosing diseases and managing patient records.The invention of the computer has truly opened up a new era of possibilities and continues to shape our world in countless ways. It is a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and the pursuit of progress.。
计算机学术词汇英语
计算机学术词汇英语Computer Science Terminology in EnglishThe field of computer science is vast and ever-evolving, with a rich vocabulary that can be challenging for those new to the industry. Understanding the key terminology is essential for effectively communicating and collaborating within the technological landscape. In this essay, we will explore some of the most commonly used computer science terms and their meanings.One of the fundamental concepts in computer science is the "algorithm." An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of instructions designed to solve a specific problem or perform a particular task. Algorithms are the backbone of computer programs and are essential for tasks ranging from data processing to decision-making. The efficiency and optimization of algorithms are crucial in ensuring the smooth and effective operation of computer systems.Another essential term in computer science is the "data structure." Data structures are the ways in which data is organized, stored, and manipulated within a computer system. They include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, among others. The choice ofdata structure can significantly impact the performance and scalability of a computer program, as different structures are better suited for different types of operations and data.The concept of "programming languages" is central to computer science. Programming languages are the means by which humans communicate with computers, instructing them to perform specific tasks. From low-level languages like assembly to high-level languages like Python and Java, each programming language has its own syntax, semantics, and intended use cases. Understanding the differences and capabilities of various programming languages is crucial for software development and problem-solving.Closely related to programming languages are "compilers" and "interpreters." Compilers are programs that translate high-level programming languages into machine-readable code, while interpreters execute the code directly without the need for a separate compilation step. The choice between using a compiler or an interpreter depends on the specific requirements of the project and the desired performance characteristics.Another important term in computer science is "operating system." An operating system is the software that manages the hardware resources of a computer and provides a platform for running other programs. Examples of popular operating systems include Windows,macOS, and Linux. Understanding the features and capabilities of different operating systems is essential for system administration and software development.The concept of "computer hardware" is also crucial in computer science. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, such as the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard drives, SSDs), and input/output devices (keyboards, mice, monitors). Knowing the functions and specifications of various hardware components is important for system design, troubleshooting, and performance optimization.In the realm of computer networking, the term "protocol" is widely used. Protocols are the rules and standards that govern the exchange of data between computer systems. Examples of common protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and SMTP. Understanding network protocols is essential for developing network-based applications and ensuring secure and reliable communication between devices.The term "database" is also a fundamental concept in computer science. Databases are organized collections of data that are stored and managed electronically. They provide a structured way to store, retrieve, and manipulate information, and are essential for applications that require persistent data storage, such as e-commerce websites, social media platforms, and enterprise resourceplanning (ERP) systems.Another important term in computer science is "cybersecurity." Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and digital information from unauthorized access, theft, or damage. This includes the use of various techniques and technologies, such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems, to safeguard against cyber threats like hacking, malware, and data breaches.Finally, the concept of "artificial intelligence" (AI) has become increasingly prominent in the field of computer science. AI refers to the development of computer systems and algorithms that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. AI is being applied in a wide range of applications, from natural language processing to autonomous vehicles, and is a rapidly evolving area of computer science.In conclusion, the vocabulary of computer science is vast and multifaceted, encompassing a wide range of concepts and technologies. Understanding these key terms is essential for anyone working in or studying the field of computer science, as they form the foundation for effective communication, problem-solving, and innovation. By familiarizing oneself with these terms, individuals canbetter navigate the rapidly changing technological landscape and contribute to the ongoing advancement of computer science.。
广达电脑英语试题及答案
广达电脑英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题1分,共10分)1. What does the abbreviation "CPU" stand for?A. Central Processing UnitB. Central Power UnitC. Central Print UnitD. Central Programming UnitAnswer: A2. Which of the following is not a function of an operating system?A. Memory managementB. Process managementC. Device managementD. Graphic designAnswer: D3. The term "RAM" refers to:A. Random Access MemoryB. Read Access MemoryC. Rapid Access MemoryD. Real-time Access MemoryAnswer: A4. What is the full form of "USB"?A. Universal Serial BusB. Unified System BusC. User Specific BusD. Unique System BusAnswer: A5. The process of converting data into a code that can be transmitted over a network is known as:A. EncryptionB. CompressionC. ModulationD. EncodingAnswer: D6. Which of the following is a type of computer virus?A. TrojanB. TractorC. TrackerD. TranslatorAnswer: A7. The term "LAN" stands for:A. Local Area NetworkB. Long Area NetworkC. Large Area NetworkD. Limited Area NetworkAnswer: A8. What does "GUI" stand for in computer terminology?A. Graphical User InterfaceB. General User InterfaceC. Global User InterfaceD. Graphical User IndicatorAnswer: A9. Which of the following is a common file format for spreadsheets?A. .txtB. .docxC. .xlsxD. .pdfAnswer: C10. The process of retrieving information from the internet is often referred to as:A. BrowsingB. SurfingC. SearchingD. All of the aboveAnswer: D二、填空题(每题1分,共5分)11. The primary function of a ________ is to process instructions and perform calculations.Answer: CPU12. A ________ is a type of software that allows users to create, edit, and manage documents.Answer: Word processor13. The term "________" refers to the practice of sending unsolicited emails, typically for advertising purposes.Answer: Spamming14. A ________ is a hardware device that connects to acomputer and allows it to communicate with other devices.Answer: Interface15. The process of protecting a computer system from unauthorized access is known as ________.Answer: Security三、简答题(每题5分,共10分)16. What is the purpose of a firewall in a computer network?Answer: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Its purpose is to prevent unauthorized access while allowing legitimate communications to pass through.17. Explain the difference between a LAN and a WAN.Answer: A LAN (Local Area Network) is a computer network that spans a small geographic area, such as a single building or campus. It typically has higher data transfer rates and lower latency compared to a WAN (Wide Area Network), which covers a larger geographic area and connects multiple LANs. WANs are used to connect networks over long distances, often using leased lines or the internet.四、翻译题(每题5分,共15分)18. 将以下句子从英文翻译成中文:"The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system."Answer: 操作系统是计算机系统中最重要的系统软件类型。
计算机术语英语词汇汇总
计算机术语英语词汇汇总计算机术语是在电脑领域用来表示概念的称谓。
是通过语音或文字来表达或限定科学概念的约定性语言符号,是思想和知识交流的工具。
NOTES[1] ARPA是Advanced Research Projects Agency的缩写,指(美)高级研究计划署。
[2] TCP/IP internet采用TCP/IP协议的互联网。
[3] 此处,terminals是指连入因特网的各种终端。
[4] usually后面的是同位语。
[5] 由and连接的两个并列成分,主语为Search engines。
Search criteria搜索判据(关键字)。
[6] that引出的原因状语从句。
[7] 此处TCP/IP是指由TCP/IP协议支持的电子邮件。
relay此处意为转发。
[8] 句中connections含有通信双方先建立一个连接,然后再通信的意思;后面的them也代表connections。
[9] 由多个并列宾语构成的长句。
[10]句中it为先行宾语,appear为宾语补语。
由that引出的从句为真正的宾语,在这一从句中,by sending... and displaying...这两个动名词短语为状语。
KEYWORDSInternet 因特网ARPAnet ARPA计算机网,阿帕网packet-switching network 分组交换网,包交换网interoperability 互操作性WWW(world wide web) 万维网,环球信息网Hypertext 超文本client 客户browser 浏览器download 下载HTTP(hypertext transfer protocol) 超文本传送协议URL(uniform resource locator) 统一资源定位地址search engine 搜索引擎search criteria 搜索条件Web page 网页GUI(graphical user interface) 图形用户接口IE(Internet Explorer) (微软公司的)浏览器软件Mosaic 美国计算机安全协会(NCSA)的公共WWW浏览器Navigator (网景公司的)浏览器electronic mail 电子邮件SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 简单邮件传送协议POP(Post Office Protocol) 邮局协议FTP(File Transfer Protocol) 文件传送协议Telnet(Telecommunication network) 远程通信网TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) 传输控制协议/互联网协议access 访问、存取、通路、进入adjacency list method 邻接表表示法adjacency matrix method 邻接矩阵表示法algorithm 算法array 数组ATM(asynchronous transfer mode) 异步传输模式b.. real programs kernels 实程序核心程序b.. toy benchmark synthetic benchmark 简单基准程序复合基准程序bandwidth 带宽benchmark 基准测试程序best - fit algorithm 最佳适应算法BFS(breadth first search) 广度优先搜索法binary 二进制binary relation 二元关系binary tree 二叉树bit series 比特序列black - box white - box 黑盒白盒block miss 块失效blocked 阻塞(等待状态也称阻塞或封锁状态)boundary 界线分界bridge 网桥bubble sort 冒泡排序candidate key 候选键(辅键)capacity 容量cartesian product 笛卡尔积CASE(com.. aided sof.. engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程CCP(communication control processor) 通信控制处理机cell 信元characteristic 特征特性circuit switching 线路交换circular wait 循环等待CISC(complex instruction set computer) 复杂指令集计算机class 类Client/Server 客户机/服务器clock cycle/clock rate 时钟周期/时钟频率coaxial cable 同轴电缆cohesion/coupling 内聚/耦合coincidental logical procedural functional 偶然内聚逻辑内聚过程内聚功能内聚communication 通信complement number 补码constrain 约束contain 包含correspond(corresponding) 相符合(相应的一致的)CPETT 计算机性能评价工具与技术CPI 每条指令需要的周期数CSMA/CD 带冲突检测的载波监听多路访问cursor 游标cyclic redundancy check 循环冗余检验database: integrity consistency re story 完整性一致性可恢复性database: security efficiency 数据库设计的目标:安全性效率deadlock: mutual exclusion 死锁条件:互斥deadlock: circular wait no preemption 死锁条件:循环等待无优先权decimal 十进位的decision 决定判断decomposition 双重的混合的definition 定义definition phase 定义阶段design phase 设计阶段DFS(depth first search) 深度优先搜索法diagram 图表Difference Manchester 差分曼彻斯特directed graph/undirected graph 有向图/无向图distributed system 分布式系统divide union intersection difference 除并交差document 文件文档DQDB(distributed queue dual bus) 分布队列双总线dual 二元的双的dynamic design process 动态定义过程element 元素要素elevator(scan) algorithm 电梯算法(扫描算法) encapsulation inheritance 封装(压缩)继承(遗传)entity 实体entity integrity rule 实体完整性规则equation 方程式等式Ethernet 以太网exchange sort 交换排序exclusive locks 排它锁(X锁)external(internal) fragmentation 外(内)碎片fault page fault 中断过错页中断FDDI(fiber distributed data interface) 光纤分布式数据接口FDM(frequency division multiplexing) 频分多路复用fiber optic cable 光缆FIFO replacement policy 先进先出替换算法figure 数字图形first normal form 第一范式floppy 活动盘片(软盘)foreign key domain tuple 外来键值域元组formula 公式表达式frame page frame 帧结构页结构frequency 频率FTP 文件传送服务function 函数functionally dependant 函数依赖gateway 网间连接器general - purpose registers 通用寄存器generate 产生grade 等级标准graph(graphic) 图Groper 将用户的请求自动转换成FTPhash table/hash function/ collision 哈希表/哈希函数(散列函数)/碰撞HDLC 面向比特型数据链路层协议hit rate 命中率host 主计算机host language statement 主语言语句hypertext 超级文本index 索引insertion sort 插入排序instruction format 指令格式instruction set 指令集interface 接口分界面连接体interrupt 中断IPC 工业过程控制ISAM VSAM 索引顺序存取方法虚拟存储存取方法join/natural join/semi join 连接/自然连接/半连接kernel executive supervisor user 核心执行管理用户kernels 核心程序key comparison 键(码)值比较LAN(local area network) 局域网load 负载载入logical functional 逻辑内聚功能内聚longitudinal 水平的maintenance phase 维护(保养)阶段MAN(metropolitan area network) 城域网Manchester 曼彻斯特map 地图映射图matrix 矩阵点阵memory reference 存储器参量message switching 报文交换MFLOP(million floating point operate per second) 每秒百万次浮点运算MIPS(millions of instruction per second) 没秒百万条指令module 单位基准monitor(model benchmark physical) mothod 监视 (模型基准物理)法multilevel data flow chart 多层数据流图multiple - term formula 多项式multiplexing 多路复用技术multiplication 乘法。
计算机专业英语单选题
计算机专业英语单选题1.A __D_ copy is a copy of a current file made in order to protect against loss or damage.备份拷贝是为了防止丢失或损坏而制作的当前文件的副本。
A.softmost commonly used tool in the design phase is the ____D____.在设计阶段最常用的工具是结构图chart chart chart3.____A____ refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch.硬件指的是你能看到和触摸到的电脑的各个部分A.Hardware4.if we want to retrieve data from the database with SQL,we should use the comand of D如果我们想用SQL从数据库中检索数据,我们应该使用comandA.ins_ert _ate _ete _ectof the following is not the stages of programming?A下面哪个不是编程的阶段A.Print the program. the program. the program. a program.will become increasingly __B__ throughout every aspect of our lives.多媒体将在我们生活的各个方面变得越来越普遍A.precisethrough the Internet, the_C___ performs the reverse function.通过Internet进行通信,数据通信设备(DCE)执行反向功能。
A.CRT station controller (STACO) communications equipment (DCE)languages must first be translated into a(n) ____C___language before they can be understood and processed by a computer高级语言必须首先被翻译成(n)机器语言,然后才能被计算机理解和处理。
计算机专业英语词句考试重点
Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling o f data, from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household accounts.在整个社会,不同型号和不同大小的计算机被用于存储和处理各种数据,从政府保密文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。
Computer crime has become one of the many risks that are part of the price of modern technology.计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。
During World War II ,a team of scientists and mathematicians, working at Bletchley Park,north of London,created one of the first all-electronic digital computers:Colossus.二次世界大战期间,以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家,制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一:“巨人”。
The instructions,like the data,were stored within a ” memory ”,freeing the computer from the speed limitations of the paper-tape reader during execution and permitting problems to be solved without rewiring the computer.指令像数据一样存储在“存储器”中,使计算机在执行过程中摆脱了纸带阅读器的速度限制,并使问题在不给计算机重新接线的情况下得以解决。
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General Terms: Matching
Use the following words: Name: _______________________
_____ Abacus 1) spaces found on the motherboard. Smaller
daughterboards are connected into the
expansion slots of the motherboard.
_____ Analog Computers 2) are 5.25 inch or 3.5 inch in diameter. The
disk is enclosed in a plastic case. It is used
to store data.
_____ Artificial Intelligence (AI) 3) is a peripheral device that displays information to you.
_____ Cathode Ray Tube (C.R.T.) 4) is electronic mailing of personal letters from one computer to another.
_____ Circuit 5) is found on the outside of your computer.
This is where you insert floppy disks. These
disk drives are usually known as the a: and the
b: drive.
_____ Circuit Boards 6) is an enormous network made up of thousands
of interconnected smaller networks throughout
the entire world. It is also known as the
information superhighway.
_____ CD-ROM 7) is the center of a network. It is the
computer which contains all the files and
software for all the computers in the network.
_____ CD-ROM Drive 8)is a computer term used when a computer seems
or appears to be thinking like a human.
_____ Computer 9) is a peripheral device which produces an
on-screen display and also includes all the
internal circuitry such as the cathode ray
tube
_____ Daughterboards
10) are made of plastic and contain chips -
metal tracks - and electronic devices such as
resistors - transistors and capacitors.
_____ Expansion slots 11)is the first counting and calculating
machine invented by the Chinese about 4000
years ago.
_____ File server
12) were the first counting tools. _____ Fingers and toes 13) a set of electronic components that
perform a particular function in an electronic system. It is the path the electricity
follows.
_____ E-Mail 14) is found on the outside of the computer.
It is where you insert your CD-ROM. It is
usually known as the d: drive.
_____ Floppy disk drive 15) is inside the monitor. The screen is attached to it.
_____ Floppy disks 16) is Read Only Memeory.
_____ Hard Drive 17) International Business Machines is the
largest computer company in the world.
_____ Input Device 18) found inside the computer. It is used to
store and save what you put into the computer
_____ I.B.M 19) is the system board of a computer.
_____ Integrated Circuit (I.C.) 20) was invented in 1958; it combines all the
parts a computer needs to run in one small
place-a chip.
_____ Internet 21) is an electronic machine. It is a tool used
to do work.
_____ Monitor
22)are used by scientists and engineers. These
kinds of computers compare and measure such scientific quantities as temperature - weight - speed - voltage - frequencies
_____ Motherboard 23) Read Only Memory is a permanent memory chip inside a computer. Its contents cannot be altered or erased.
_____ Mouse 24) is when two or more computers are interconnected. They can communicate with one another
_____ Network 25) is a peripheral device used to input information into the computer.
_____ Output Device 26) Random Access Memory which is the computers primary workplace. It is temporary memory because once you turn off the computer all its contents will be erased.
_____ R.A.M. 27) is an input device used for moving a cursor on the screen.
_____ R.O.M 28) are circuit boards which are connected to the expansion slots on the motherboard of the computer.
Answer Key:。