2018浦东二模
2018届上海市浦东新区初三化学二模试卷(带参考答案)
2018年上海市浦东新区中考第二次模拟考试化学部分可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Ca-40 Fe-56六、单项选择题(共20分)27.地壳中含量最多的元素是()A.O B.Si C.Al D.Fe28.约占空气体积21%的是()A.O2B.N2C.CO2D.SO229.属于化学性质的是()A.挥发性B.酸碱性C.吸附性D.导电性30.能使石蕊变蓝的是()A.稀盐酸B.稀硫酸C.氨水 D.蒸馏水31.含氯化锶(SrCl2)的矿泉水有益健康,SrCl2中Sr的化合价为()A.+1 B.+2 C.+3 D.+432.互为同素异形体的是()A.银和水银 B.金刚石和石墨 C.铁粉和铁丝D.冰和干冰33.硫粉在氧气中燃烧时火焰为()A.淡蓝色B.黄色 C.蓝紫色D.红色34.仪器名称正确的是()35.碱性最强的是( )A .牙膏pH=9B .食盐水pH=7C .白醋pH=3D .洗洁精pH=1136.2018我国环境日的主题是“美丽中国,我是行动者”。
不宜提倡的做法是( ) A .焚烧处理垃圾B .回收废旧金属C .开展植树造林D .践行绿色出行37.古代染坊常用来处理丝绸的一种盐是( ) A .熟石灰 B .生石灰 C .盐酸 D .碳酸钾38.尿素[CO(NH 2)2]是一种高效化肥,关于它的说法正确的是( ) A .它是复合肥 B .它是有机物 C .它是氧化物 D .摩尔质量为60 39.正确的化学用语是( )A .两个氯分子:2ClB .氧化铝:AlOC . 60个碳原子:C 60D .硫酸亚铁:FeSO 440.有关能源的描述错误的是( )A .天然气和液化气都属于含碳燃料B .煤气泄漏应立即打开脱排油烟机C .富氧空气有助于燃料的充分燃烧D .氢能源是一种高能无污染的能源 41.书写正确的化学方程式是( )A .C + O 2 COB .2CuO +C 2Cu + CO 2↑ −−−→点燃−−−→高温C .CaCO 3CaO + CO 2D .Na 2CO 3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H 2CO 3 42.对比CO 2和CO ,描述正确的是( ) A .分子结构:CO2比CO 多一个氧元素 B .物理性质:CO2难溶于水,CO 能溶于水C .化学性质:CO2能与碱溶液反应,CO 能跟某些氧化物反应D .重要用途:CO2可用于灭火,CO 可用于光合作用 43.能达到实验目的的方案是( )44.肼是一种高能火箭燃料,肼燃烧反应的微观示意图如下:正确的说法是( ) A .肼的化学式NH 2−−−→高温→B.上图中有两种氧化物C.该反应属于置换反应D.1mol肼中约含6.02×1022个分子45.右图为某氢氧化钠溶液与稀盐酸反应过程中的温度及pH变化:有关分析错误的是()A.b点表示酸碱恰好中和B.a点对应溶液的溶质为氯化钠和氯化氢C.该实验是将氢氧化钠溶液滴入稀盐酸中D.c点到d点的曲线变化证明该反应放热46.气体X可能含有氢气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳中的一种或几种。
2018年上海市浦东新区中考数学二模试卷及答案
浦东新区学年度第二学期初三教学质量检测数学试卷(完卷时间:分钟,满分:分)考生注意:.本试卷含三个大题,共题。
答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效。
.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤。
一.选择题:(本大题共题,每题分,满分分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】.下列代数式中,单项式是(▲ )();();();()..下列代数式中,二次根式的有理化因式可以是(▲ )()();()()..已知一元二次方程,下列判断正确的是(▲ )()该方程有两个不相等的实数根()该方程有两个相等的实数根()该方程没有实数根()该方程的根的情况不确定.某运动员进行射击测试,共射靶次,成绩记录如下:,,,,,,在下列各统计量中,表示这组数据离散程度的量是(▲ )()平均数()众数()方差()频率.下列关于的函数中,当>时,函数值随的值增大而减小的是(▲ )();();();()..已知四边形中,,,下列判断中正确的是(▲ )如果,那么四边形是等腰梯形;如果,那么四边形是菱形;如果平分,那么四边形是矩形;如果⊥,那么四边形是正方形.二.填空题:(本大题共题,每题分,满分分).计算:▲..因式分解:▲..方程的解是▲..如果将分别写着“幸福”、“奋斗”的两张纸片,随机放入“■都是■出来的”中的两个■内(每个■只放一张卡片),那么文字恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”概率是▲..已知正方形的边长为,那么它的半径长是▲..某市种植亩树苗,实际每天比原计划多种植亩树苗,因此提前一天完成任务,求原计划每天种植多少亩树苗.设原计划每天种植工亩树苗,根据题意可列出关于的方程▲..近年来,出境旅游成为越来越多中国公民的假期选择,将年某小区居民出境游的不同方式的人次情况画成扇形图和条形图,如图所示,那么年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为▲..如图,在平行四边形中,是的中点,交于点,如果,那么▲(用向量表示)..在南海阅兵式上,某架“直”型直升飞机在海平面上方米的点处,测得其到海平而观摩点的俯角为°,此时点、之间的距离是▲米..如图,己知在梯形中,,,,将△绕着点逆时针旋转,使点落在点处,点落在点'处,那么'▲..如果抛物线: (≠)与直线:(≠)都经过轴上一点,且抛物线的顶点在直线上,那么称此直线与该抛物线具有“一带一路”关系.如果直线与抛物线具有“一带一路”关系,那么▲..已知,、之间的距离是,圆心到直线的距离是,如果圆与直线、有三个公共点,那么圆的半径为▲.三、解答题:(本大题共题,满分分).(本题共分)1131127()2---+. .(本题满分分)解不等式组:,并把它的解集在数轴(如图)上表示出来. 图.(本题满分分)如图,已知是圆的直径,弦交于点,∠°,,,求弦及圆的半径长..(本题满分分,其中第()小题分,第()小题分)某市为鼓励市民节约用气,对居民管道天然气实行两档阶梯式收费.年用天然气量立方米及以下为第一档;年用天然气量超出立方米为第二档.某户应交天然气费(元)与年用天然气量(立方米)的关系如图所示,观察图像并回答下列问题:()年用天然气量不超过立方米时,求关于的函数解析式(不写定义域); ()小明家年天然气费为元,求小明家年使用天然气量..(本题满分分,其中第()小题分,第()小题分)图图己知:如图,在正方形中,点为边的中点,联结,点在上,过点作⊥交于点.()联结,求证:⊥.图.(本题满分分,每小题分)已知平而直角坐标系(如图),二次函数的图像经过(,)、(,)两点,与轴交于点点.()求这个二次函数的解析式;()如果点在线段上,且∠∠,求点的坐标;()点在轴上,且位于点上方,点在直线上,点为上述二次函数图像的对称轴上的点,如果以、、、为顶点的四边形是菱形,求点的坐标..(本题满分分,其中第()小题分,第()小题分,第()小题分)如图,己知在△中,,, ,点是在线段延长线上一点,以点为圆心,为半径的圆交射线于点、(点、不重合),射线与射线交于点. ()求证:·;()当点在线段上,设,△的面积为,求关于的函数解析式及定义域; ()当时,求的长.浦东新区学年度第二学期初三教学质量检测数学试卷参考答案及评分标准一、选择题:(本大题共题,每题分,满分分) .;.;.;.;.;..二、填空题:(本大题共题,每题分,满分分).22ab ;.()()y x y x 22-+;.5=x ;.21;.2;.136060=+-x x ;图备用图.;.a 32;.3800;.;.;.或.三、解答题:(本大题共题,满分分).解:原式23-1-222++=.……………………………………………(分)2-23=.…………………………………………………………(分).解:3611.26x x x x >-⎧⎪-+⎨≤⎪⎩,由①得:62->x .…………………………………………………(分)解得3->x .…………………………………………………(分)由②得:11-3+≤x x )(.……………………………………………(分) 133+≤-x x .……………………………………………(分)42≤x .解得2≤x .……………………………………………………(分)∴原不等式组的解集为23-≤<x .…………………………(分)…………………………(分). 解:OD M CD OM O ,联结于点作过点⊥.……………………………………(分)∵,︒=∠30CEA ∴︒=∠=∠30CEA OEM .……………………………(分)在△中,∵,①②∴221==OE OM ,3223430cos =⨯=⋅=︒OE EM .(分)∵35=DE ,∴33=-=EM DE DM .…………(分) ∵CD OM OM ⊥过圆心,,∴DM CD 2=.…………(分) ∴36=CD .……………………………………………(分) ∵,,332==DM OM∴在△中,()313322222=+=+=DM OM OD .…(分)∴弦的长为36,⊙的半径长为31.……………………(分).解:()设)0(≠=k kx y .…………………………………………………(分) ∵)0(≠=k kx y 的图像过点(,),………………………(分) ∴,k 310930=∴3=k .……………………………………………(分)∴ x y 3=.……………………………………………………… (分) ()设)0(≠+=k b kx y .…………………………………………………(分) ∵ )0(≠+=k b kx y 的图像过点(,)和(,),∴ ⎩⎨⎧=+=+63.9320930310b k b k ,∴ ⎩⎨⎧-==.3.93.3b k ,………………………………………………………(分)∴3.93.3-=x y .……………………………………………………(分)当34010293.93.31029==-=x x y ,解得时,.…………………(分) 答:小明家年使用天然气量为立方米. ……………(分)另解:求出第二档用气单价元,得分;第二段用气量立方米,得分,年用气量立方米,得分,答句分..证明:()∵是正方形四边形ABCD ,∴︒=∠90ADC .……(分)∵⊥,∴∠ °. ………………(分)∵,CD CF = ∴∠∠.……………………(分) ∴∠∠∠∠,即∠∠.(分)∴.……………………………………………(分)(2)联结.∵,,GD GF CD CF == ∴的中垂线上在线段、点FD C G .……(分)∴⊥,∴∠∠ °,∵∠∠ °,∴∠∠.∵是正方形四边形ABCD ,∴,∠∠°,∴△≌△.……………………………………………(分)∴DG AE =.……………………………………………………(分)∵的中点,是边点AB E ∴的中点,是边点AD G∴GF GD AG ==.………………………………………………(分) ∴,,GFD GDF AFG DAF ∠=∠∠=∠……………………………(分)∵,︒=∠+∠+∠+∠180GDF GFD AFG DAF …………………(分) ∴,︒=∠+∠18022GFD AFG∴∠ °,即⊥.…………………………………(分) 证法:()联结交于点.∵是正方形四边形ABCD ,∴︒=∠90ADC .………………………(分)∵⊥,∴∠ °.……………………………………(分) 在△与△中,⎩⎨⎧==.CG CG CD CF ,…………………………………………………… (分)∴△≌△.…………………………………………(分)∴GD GF =.……………………………………………………(分) ()∵,,GD GF CD CF ==∴的中垂线上在线段、点FD C G .…………………………… (分)∴,⊥,∴∠ ∠ °,∵∠∠ °,∴∠∠.………………………………………………(分) ∵是正方形四边形ABCD , ∴,∠∠ °,∵GDC EAD DC AD DCH ADE ∠=∠=∠=∠,,.∴△≌△.………………………………………………(分)∴DG AE =.……………………………………………………(分)∵的中点,是边点AB E ∴的中点,是边点AD G∵的中点,是边点FD H ∴是△的中位线.…………(分)∴,AF GH // ∴,GHD AFD ∠=∠∵⊥,∴∠ °,………………………………(分)∴∠ °,即⊥.…………………………………(分).解:()∵抛物线42++=bx ax y 与x 轴交于点(,),(,), ∴ ⎩⎨⎧=++=+.04416042-4b a b a ;……………………………………………(分)解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==.121-b a ;…………………………………………………(分)∴抛物线的解析式为421-2++=x x y .………………………(分)()H BC EH E 于点作过点⊥.在△中,∵(,),∴,4421-02=++==x x y x 时,当,∴,在△中,∵∠°,,∴2445==∠︒BC OCB ,.∵BC EH ⊥,∴.∴在△中,21tan ==∠CO AO ACO ……………………(分)∵∠∠,∴在△中,1tan 2EH EBH BH ∠==.设k BH k k EH 2)0(=>=,则,,CE . ∴243==+=k HB CH CB . ∴,324=k ………………………………………………………(分)∴,38=CE ………………………………………………………(分) ∴,34=EO ∴),(340E .…………………………………………(分) ()∵ (,),(,),∴抛物线的对称轴为直线.………………………………(分)①的边时,为菱形当MCNP MC ∴,PN CM //∴∠∠°. ∵点在二次函数的对称轴上,∴,的横坐标为点1P 1的横坐标为点N . ∴245sin 1==︒CN .∵是菱形,四边形MCNP ∴,2==CN CM∴,24+=+=CM OC OM ∴)240(+,M .…………………………………………………(分)②的边时,不存在为菱形当MCPN MC .……………………(分)③的对角线时,为菱形当MNCP MC,于点交设Q CM NP ∴互相垂直平分,、NP CM∴1==QP NQ .,QC MQ = ∵上,在直线点BC N ∠∠°.在△中,∴∠∠°,∴,1==CQ QN ∴1MQ CQ ==,∴,2=CM ∴,624=+=+=CM OC OM∴(,).………………………………………………(分)∴综上所述)240(+,M 或(,). 25.证明:()∵,AC AB =∴∠∠.∵,EC EF =∴∠∠.……………………………(分)∵,BEF B EFC ∠+∠=∠ 又∵,ACE ACB ECF ∠+∠=∠∴∠∠.………………………………………(分)∵是公共角,EAC ∠∴△∽△.………………………………………(分)∴,AEAPAC AE =∴AC AP AE ⋅=2.…………………………(分)()∵∠∠,∠∠, ∴△∽△.∴2⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=∆∆CB FC S S ECB PFC .…………………………………………(分)E EH CF H ⊥过点做于点,∵,经过圆心,CF EH EH ⊥∴x FC CH 2121==.∴xBH 214-=.………………………(分)在△中,∵,21tan ==∠BH EH B ∴x EH 41-2=.∴x x EH BC S ECB 214)412(42121-=-⨯⨯=⋅=∆.…………(分)∴24214⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=-x x y .∴)40(32832<<-=x x x y .……………………………………(分)() ①上时,在线段当点BC F∵,21=EF FP ∴,21==EC PE EF PE∵△∽△.∴,EC PEAC AE =∴12AE AC =.………………………………………………(分)PM CEHFBAM BC AM A ,垂足为点作过点⊥.∵,AC AB =,4=BC ∴,221==BC BM在△中,∵,21tan =∠B∴1AM AB AC ===,(分) ∴,25=AE ∴253=BE .…………………………………(分)②F BC 当点在线段延长线上时,∵∠∠,EFC FCP P ∠=∠+∠,ECF B BEC ∠=∠+∠. 又∵B ACB ACB FCP ∠=∠∠=∠,,∴∠ ∠. ∴∠ ∠.∵∴△∽△,∴∵∴∴.………(分) ∴.………………(分) 综上所述,或.ABFECP。
2018年上海市浦东新区高考二模英语(含听力)试题(解析版)
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionSection A —10分Directions: In Section A. you will hear fen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. Challenges.B. Hobbies.C. Jobs.D. Experiences.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: The set of stamps are rare. It took me a long time to collect them. By the way, do you like collecting stamps?W: Yes, but I prefer something challenging.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?2.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. Interesting.B. Boring.C. Difficult.D. Amazing.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: How do you find your Shanghai dialect learning, Mike?M: Oh, it’s quite beyond my capacity.Q: What does the man think of learning Shanghai dialect?3.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. Watching TV and videos.B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents’ involvement.D. Having baby sitters.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Sometimes when I’m busy, I let my baby watch videos. Can t his help his mental development? M: Passive activity probably won’t hurt, but TV and videos are poor substitutes for parents’ involvement. Q: What is good for babies’ mental growth according to the man?4.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. A policeman.B. An accountant.C. A salesman.D. A bank teller.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: I need your ID and account number before I can cash your check.W: Sure, here’s my passport and driving license and my account number is on this card.Q: What’s the man’s occupation?5.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. 7:40.B. 7:15.C. 7:20.D. 7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Take it easy. It’s only 7:30 now. There are still 15 minutes to go before the movie starts. W: Don’t you remember our clock is 10 minutes slow?Q: What’s the time now?6.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. He will get someone to do it.B. She should do it herself.C. They don’t have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Hey, honey, can you grab a duster and get this desk cleaned?M: Oh, don’t bother. We are leaving in a minute.Q: What does the man mean?7.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. By bus.B. By subway.C. By taxi.D. By car.【解析】【原文】W: An exhibition of Picasso’s paintings is being held. Do you want to go with me?M: How can I miss it! But with the bus drivers on strike and taxis so expensive, we have no choice but to take the subway. If only we had a car.Q: How will they go to the exhibition?8.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. He is not a good mechanic.B. He doesn’t keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he had time.M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q: What does the man imply about Tom?9.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. She has been having a sad day.B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.【解析】【原文】M: Why haven’t you done your homework yet? It’s been a whole day.W: Oh, Daddy! How can I concentrate with that noise? The boys have been playing basketball all day long, just outside my window.Q: What does the girl mean?10.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】A. The man isn’t sure about the rehearsal.B. It’s better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn’t make any difference if the woman did it.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Would it be OK if I wore a costume for the rehearsal tomorrow?M: Oh you would regret it if you didn’t.Q: What can we learn from the dialogue?Section B—15 分Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear q question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】11.A. He qualified as a teacher.B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.12.A. Children’s minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children’s time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility of children’s minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.13.A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B【解析】【原文】“You are never too old to learn.” is what my father always told me, and he proved it. At the age of 55, he quit working to become a full-time student at our local university, studying government and political science. I understand now why he did it. Education is kind of wasted on the young. Sure, we teach children because young minds are flexible and open, but making them memorize hundreds of facts is a poor substitution for learning. I think the greatest service we can do is to teach children to ask questions and guide them in seeking the answers for themselves. “What’s the capital of Zimbabwe?” is a much less important question than, “What problems do people have in Zimbabwe?” If people were taught to ask the right q uestionsfrom a young age, the world wouldn’t be as hard to understand when they’re older. I think that’s the way my father saw it.QuestionsWhat did his father do later in his life?Which of the following statement is wrong about memorizing facts?What’s his father’s opinion on the main purpose of education? .Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】14.A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people’s reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation15A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don’t need to pay for the short stories.16.A. From the boring travel experience.B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.【答案】14. A 15. B 16. D【解析】【原文】Readers in Grenoble, a French city, can now enjoy a small bite of fiction instead of the snacks from the vending machine after the introduction of eight short-story dispensers.The free stories are available at the touch of a button, printing out on rolls of paper like a receipt. Readers are able to choose one minute, three minutes or five minutes of fiction. Just two weeks since launch, more than 10,000 stories have already been printed.The feedback is overwhelmingly positive. There are only eight dispensers in the city of Grenoble for now, but more are planned to be introduced. Requests are from all over the world—Australia, the US, Canada, Russia, Greece, Italy and Chile.Pleplé, the French publisher, hopes the stories will be used to fill the “dead time” of a regular journey to and from the place of one’s work. In the bus or the metro, everyone can make the most of these moments to read short stories, poems or short comics.The stories are drawn from the more than 60,000 stories on Short édition’s community website. Users are not able to choose what type of story—romantic, fantastical or comic—they would like to read.Pleplé said he and his team initially came up with the idea when having a break at the snack vending machine. They thought it would be cool to have it for short stories. Then, a couple of days later, the short-story dispenser was born.Questions:What is the purpose of the story dispenser?Which of the following is not true about the stories?Where does Pleplé’s inspiration come from?Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频,请去附件查看】17. A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.18.A. Because his friends don’t get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday’s.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.19.A. Paying a deposit.B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.20. A. The film. B. The date C. The seating. D. The viewers.【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A【解析】【原文】W: Welcome to Wanda International Cinema. Can I help you?M: Umm… I want to know when “Operation Red Sea” is showing today.W: There are 6 showings today, one in the morning, another at noon, and then 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p. m., and a midnight showing.M: OK, I want 5 tickets for the 9 p.m. showing tonight. Are there still 5 tickets available that are seated together?W: I’m sorry, there are only 3 tickets left. How about the 6 p.m. showing? There are still 7 tickets left for that show.M: But we have a date for dinner at 5 p.m., so we won't make the beginning of the movie.W: So would you like to see another movie? “Detective China Town 2” is very popular, too.M: No, we all want to see this one. Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for Friday’s screens?W: You can order ti ckets right now for the next three days. It’s Wednesday today. So, that’s OK. What time would you like?M: The 9 p.m. showing. I think there might be more people who want to see the movie on Friday. How many tickets can I buy at one time?W: The limit for advanced tickets is 10.M: OK, I'll have 8 tickets for the showing of “Operation Red Sea”. Are the tickets available?W: Yes, you’re lucky.M: By the way, when can I pick up the tickets?W: You can have them right now if you pay for them.M: Great! Thanks!Questions:How many tickets does the man want to buy for the 9 p.m. showing on Wednesday?Why does the man decide to buy the Friday's tickets?What will the man probably do to ensure 8 tickets for Friday?What does the man insists on?II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma ___21___ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt ___22___ the puma began in a small village where a woman ___23___ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts conf irmed that a puma will not attack a human being ___24___ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at ___25___ place twenty miles away in the evening.___26___ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a ___27___ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, ___28___ where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one ___29___ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, butthe puma was not caught. It is disturbing ___30___ (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.【答案】21. had been spotted22. for 23. picking24. unless 25. another26. Wherever27. fishing28. but 29. must30. to think【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了有人发现一只野生美洲狮出现在伦敦以南40英里处的一个村子里,专家们已经展开调查,这引发了人们的不安。
2018年上海市浦东新区高考英语二模试卷
2018年上海市浦东新区高考英语二模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1.(★)A. Challenges. B. Hobbies. C. Jobs. D. Experiences.2.(★)A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Difficult. D. Amazing.3.(★)A. Watching TV and videos.B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents' involvement.D. Having baby sitters.4.(★)A. A policeman. B. An accountant. C. A salesman. D. A bank teller. 5.(★)A. 7:40. B. 7:15. C. 7:20. D. 7:45.6.(★★★)A. He will get someone to do it.B. She should do it herself.C. They don't have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.7.(★★★)A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By taxi. D. By car.8.(★★★)A. He is not a good mechanic.B. He doesn't keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.9.(★★★)A. She has been having a sad day.B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.10.(★★★)A. The man isn't sure about the rehearsal.B. It's better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn't make any difference if the woman did it.11.(★★★)(1)A. He qualified as a teacher.B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.(2)A. Children's minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children's time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility of children's minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.(3)A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.12.(★★★)(1)A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people's reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation(2)A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don't need to pay for the short stories.(3)A. From the boring travel experience.B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.13.(★★★)(1)A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.(2)A. Because his friends don't get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday's.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.(3)A. Paying a deposit.B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.(4)A. The film. B. The dateC. The seating. D. The viewers.II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A-10分 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.14.(★★)Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma (1)(spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt(2) the puma began in a small village where a woman(3)(pick) blackberries saw "a large cat" only five yards away from her. Itimmediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being (4) it is cornered. The search proved difficult,for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at(5)place twenty miles away in the evening.(6) it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained ofcat-like noises at night and a businessman on a (7)(fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma,(8)where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one(9) have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing (10)(think) a dangerous wild animalis still at large in the quiet countryside.Section B-10分 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15.(★★★★)A. network B. specify C. traditionallyD. ingredientE. uneasy F. additional G. culturally H. blockI. determine J. requirement K. criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages ofa product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That's a(an)(1) difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their ownculture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can't hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively(2)any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an)(3) that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you're in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers Do you have the right employee to buildup the(4)?For 20-odd years, I've run an executive-search firm from Brussels. Whenclients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (5) the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want fora domestic position, but with the(6) requirement that the new manager befluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it's far more difficult to (7) candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills-but it's also a far more important(8)to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He'd studied Spanish, and had grown up in New YorkCity-the most (9) diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him,he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture,and moreover he was (10) about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just as Mexican buyers would have if he'd been selected for the job.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A-15分 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16.(★★)Hailing from Sweden, "plogging" is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous,environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and (1)over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its(2) -all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying (3) to jogging. we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone(4) - just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn't be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that's getting people out in nature and connecting (5) with their I environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to (6) our inland waterways of plastic pollution. There's been a real(7) in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is," she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through (8) like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The plastic Patrol app allows users to(9) plastic anywhere in theworld by collecting discarded items, photographing them and(10) to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. "I'd urge all ploggers to get involved," adds Carr.Plogging isn't the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause,Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.(11) among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far,(12), Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get(13). By linking themselves together, the (14) -impaired individual can feel safe while both work of a sweat.(15) for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).(1)A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control(2)A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense(3)A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight(4)A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off(5)A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly(6)A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob(7)A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight(8)A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives(9)A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade(10)A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading(11)A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness(12)A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead(13)A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart(14)A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly(15)A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. CyclingSection B-22 分 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17.(★★)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking's third academicbook for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an internationalreputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly,it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect hisfamily in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So,he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft,but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties (定金和版税)to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted thatit be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I [thumbed] thetypescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a universitypress. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took offlike a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book's impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.(1)What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.(2)Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family's life insurance.(3)The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to .A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed(4)The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in .A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical book18.(★★)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master's degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. Anda recent New York Times article reveals the correlationbetween MBA (Master of Business Administration) graduates at certain US schools and career prospects.[To work at Amazon]Ross School of Business (University of Michigan)Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice president of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind thisis that Ross' curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solvingcourse for instance,are particularly well suited to Amazon.[To work at McKinsey& Company]Kellogg School of Management (Northwestern)For an MBA, landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school's MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms,which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than atHarvard (23 percent) and Stanford (16 percent).[To work at Apple]Fuqua School of Business (Duke)Silicon alley hasn't always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple's top 10executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.[To start your own company]Harvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.(1)Which university offers students a course on various approaches todifficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.(2)According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.(3)If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in .A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business19.(★★)"Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase," George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons." Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark's expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today's standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present systems for getting from Earth's surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs-or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, andbiologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck (敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush's proposal, which calls for reprogramming someof NASA's present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reductionin such unmanned science-the one aspect of space exploration that's working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Marsusing current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto thered planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.(1)What do Lewis and Clark's expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.(2)Bush's proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that .A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people's well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment (3)Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush's proposal is based on three recent great achievements of spaceexplorationD. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.(4)What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won't make great discoveries.Section C-8分 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20.(★★★)A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like its not ‘game over' for old-school technologyRetro GamingThere's no doubt that in today's digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at anarcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman.(1) And because of the technology involved,the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground-and now they are being talked about-and playedagain. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood,who says that:(2) I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc…but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?(3) The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are…the developers had so little spaceto work with-your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb-and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games.(4)This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some oftheir older consoles in new style casing.IV. Summary Writing-10分21.(★★★★)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as, far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends toflare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn't the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the 1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in American's Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the "right to keep and bear arms." So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation's early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America's diverse gun culture. Most people who own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.V. Translation-15分 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.22.(★★★★)我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息.(can't help)23.(★★★★★)当地政府不打算把音乐厅拆了,而是重新修复一下.(instead of)24.(★★★★)学生在英语写作中词不达意的现象值得每位英语教师关注.(worth)25.(★★★)这部关于四代学生追寻爱情、志趣和梦想的电影如此感人,老老少少都想一睹为快.(So)VI. Guided Writing-25分26.(★★)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.生活本来不容易,当你觉得容易的时候,其实……1.请简要描述图片.2.谈谈由此引发的感想.。
上海市浦东新区2018学年第二学期初三教学质量检测(二模)数学试题(含答案)
浦东新区2018学年第二学期初三教学质量检测考生注意:1、本试卷共25题2、试卷满分150分,考试时间100分钟3、答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效4、除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特殊说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤。
一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1、下列各数不是4的因数是( )()A 1; ()B 2; ()C 3; ()D 42、如果分式x y x y+-有意义,则x 与y 必须满足( ) ()A y x -= ()B x y ≠- ()C x y = ()D x y ≠3、直线27y x =-不经过( )()A 第一象限; ()B 第二象限; ()C 第三象限; ()D 第四象限;4、某运动队在一次队内选拔比赛中,甲、乙、丙、丁四位运动员的平均成绩相等,方差分别为85.0、23.1、01.5、46.3,那么这四位运动员中,发挥较稳定的是( ) ()A 甲; ()B 乙; ()C 丙 ()D 丁5、在线段、等边三角形、等腰梯形、平行四边形中,一定是轴对称图形的个数有( ) ()A 1个; ()B 2个; ()C 3个; ()D 4个6、已知在四边形ABCD 中,BC AD //,对角线AC 与BD 相交于点O ,CO AO =,如果添加下列一个条件后,就能判定这个四边形是菱形的是( )()A DO BO = ()B BC AB = ()C CD AB = ()D CD AB //二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7、25的相反数是 . 8、分解因式:2224m mn n -+-= .9、已知函数()f x =,那么()2f -= .10、如果关于x 的方程220x x m ++=有两个实数根,那么m 的取值范围是 .11、已知一个正多边形的中心角为30度,边长为x 厘米()0x >,周长为y 厘米,那么y 关于x 的函数解析式为 .12、从1、2、3这三个数中任选两个组成两位数,在组成的所有两位数中任意抽取一个数,这个数恰好是偶数的概率是 .13、在四边形ABCD 中,向量、满足4AB CD =-uu u r uu u r ,那么线段AB 与CD 的位置关系是 .14、某校有560名学生,为了解这些学生每天做作业所用的时间,调查人员在这所学校的全体学生中随机抽取了部分学生进行问卷调查,并把结果制成如图1的统计图,根据这个统计图可以估计这个学校全体学生每天做作业时间不少于2小时的人数约为 名.15、已知一个角的度数为50度,那么这个角的补角等于 .16、已知梯形的上底长为5厘米,下底长为9厘米,那么这个梯形的中位线长等于 厘米.17、如图2,已知在ABC ∆中,3=AB ,2=AC ,o 45=∠A ,将这个三角形绕点B 旋转,使点A 落在射线AC 上的点1A 处,点C 落在点1C 处,那么=1AC .18、定义:如果P 是圆O 所在平面内的一点,Q 是射线OP 上一点,且线段OP 、OQ 的比例中项等于圆O 的半径,那么我们称点P 与点Q 为这个圆的一对反演点。
上海市浦东新区2018年中考二模语文试卷(含详细答案)
上海市浦东新区2018年中考二模语文试卷(含详细答案)浦东新区2018年中考二模语文试卷满分:150分,考试时间:100分钟)一、文言文(40分)一)默写(15分)1.当年万里觅封侯。
(《诉衷情》)2.往来无白丁。
(《陋室铭》)3.人生自古谁无死。
(《过零丁洋》)4.,谁家新燕啄春泥。
(《钱塘湖春行》5.盖一岁之犯死者XXX。
(《捕蛇者说》)二)阅读下面的诗,完成6-7题(4分)山居秋暝题破山寺后禅院空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
清晨入古寺,初日照高林。
XXX间照,清泉石上流。
竹径通幽处,禅房花木深。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
山光悦鸟性,XXX人心。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
万籁此俱寂,但XXX。
6.《山居秋暝》写的是雨后傍晚的景色,《题破山寺后禅院》则写的是的景色。
(2分)7.下列理解不正确的一项是()(2分)A.两首诗都描写了幽深宁静的山间风光。
B.两首诗都表达了追求清净隐逸的思想。
C.两首诗都以有声衬无声表现山林之静。
D.两首诗都在尾联涵蓄委婉点明了题旨。
三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)XXX,担中肉尽,止有剩骨。
途中两狼,缀行甚远。
XXX,投以骨。
一狼得骨止,一狼仍从。
复投之,后狼止而前狼又至。
骨已尽矣,而两狼之并驱如故。
XXX,恐前后受其敌。
XXX有麦场,场主积薪其中,苫蔽成丘。
XXX奔倚其下,弛担持刀。
狼不敢前,眈眈相向。
少时,一狼径去,其一犬坐于前。
久之,目似瞑,意暇甚。
XXX起,以刀劈狼首,又数刀毙之。
方欲行,转视积薪后,一狼洞其中,意将隧入以攻其后也。
身已半入,止露尻尾。
屠自后断其股,亦毙之。
乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌。
狼亦黠矣,而顷刻两毙,禽兽之变诈几何哉?止增笑耳。
8.上文选自《》一书,作者是(人名)。
(2分)9.翻译文中画线句。
(3分)骨已尽矣,而两狼之并驱如故。
10.下列理解不恰当的一项是(。
)(4分)A.上文中对屠户的生理描写体现了他的机灵与英勇。
B.对狼的神态、动作的描写表现了狼的凶残和狡猾。
2018年上海市浦东新区中考数学二模试卷(解析版)
2018年上海市浦东新区中考数学二模试卷一.选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4分)下列代数式中,单项式是()A.B.0C.x+1D.2.(4分)下列代数式中,二次根式的有理化因式可以是()A.B.C.D..3.(4分)已知一元二次方程x2+2x﹣1=0,下列判断正确的是()A.该方程有两个不相等的实数根B.该方程有两个相等的实数根C.该方程没有实数根D.该方程的根的情况不确定4.(4分)某运动员进行射击测试,共射靶6次,成绩记录如下:8.5,9.0,10,8.0,9.5,10,在下列各统计量中,表示这组数据离散程度的量是()A.平均数B.众数C.方差D.频率5.(4分)下列y关于x的函数中,当x>0时,函数值y随x的值增大而减小的是()A.y=x2B.y=C.y=D.y=6.(4分)已知四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,AC∥BD,下列判断中正确的是()A.如果BC=AD,那么四边形ABCD是等腰梯形B.如果AD∥BC,那么四边形ABCD是菱形C.如果AC平分BD,那么四边形ABCD是矩形D.如果AC⊥BD,那么四边形ABCD是正方形二.填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.(4分)计算:=.8.(4分)因式分解:x2﹣4y2=.9.(4分)方程=3的解是.10.(4分)如果将分别写着“幸福”、“奋斗”的两张纸片,随机放入“■都是■出来的”中的两个■内(每个■只放一张卡片),那么文字恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”概率是.11.(4分)已知正方形的边长为2cm,那么它的半径长是cm.12.(4分)某市种植60亩树苗,实际每天比原计划多种植3亩树苗,因此提前一天完成任务,求原计划每天种植多少亩树苗.设原计划每天种植工亩树苗,根据题意可列出关于x 的方程.13.(4分)近年来,出境旅游成为越来越多中国公民的假期选择,将2017年某小区居民出境游的不同方式的人次情况画成扇形图和条形图,如图所示,那么2017年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为.14.(4分)如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,E是BC的中点,AE交BD于点F,如果,那么=(用向量表示).15.(4分)在南海阅兵式上,某架“直﹣8”型直升飞机在海平面上方1200米的点A处,测得其到海平而观摩点B的俯角为60°,此时点A、B之间的距离是米.16.(4分)如图,已知在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AD=AB=DC=3,BC=6,将△ABD 绕着点D逆时针旋转,使点A落在点C处,点B落在点B'处,那么BB'=.17.(4分)如果抛物线C:y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)与直线l:y=kx+d(k≠0)都经过y轴上一点P,且抛物线C的顶点Q在直线l上,那么称此直线l与该抛物线C具有“一带一路”关系.如果直线y=mx+1与抛物线y=x2﹣2x+n具有“一带一路”关系,那么m+n =.18.(4分)已知l1∥l2,l1、l2之间的距离是3cm,圆心O到直线l1的距离是1cm,如果圆O与直线l1、l2有三个公共点,那么圆O的半径为cm.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(10分)+|1﹣|﹣27+()﹣120.(10分)解不等式组:,并把它的解集在数轴(如图)上表示出来.21.(10分)如图,已知AB是圆O的直径,弦CD交AB于点E,∠CEA=30°,OE=4,DE=5,求弦CD及圆O的半径长.22.(10分)某市为鼓励市民节约用气,对居民管道天然气实行两档阶梯式收费.年用天然气量310立方米及以下为第一档;年用天然气量超出310立方米为第二档.某户应交天然气费y(元)与年用天然气量x(立方米)的关系如图所示,观察图象并回答下列问题:(1)年用天然气量不超过310立方米时,求y关于x的函数解析式(不写定义域);(2)小明家2017年天然气费为1029元,求小明家2017年使用天然气量.23.(12分)已知:如图,在正方形ABCD中,点E为边AB的中点,联结DE,点F在DE 上CF=CD,过点F作FG⊥FC交AD于点G.(1)求证:GF=GD;(2)联结AF,求证:AF⊥DE.24.(12分)已知平而直角坐标系xOy(如图),二次函数y=ax2+bx+4的图象经过A(﹣2,0)、B(4,0)两点,与y轴交于点C点.(1)求这个二次函数的解析式;(2)如果点E在线段OC上,且∠CBE=∠ACO,求点E的坐标;(3)点M在y轴上,且位于点C上方,点N在直线BC上,点P为上述二次函数图象的对称轴上的点,如果以C、M、N、P为顶点的四边形是菱形,求点M的坐标.25.(14分)如图,已知在△ABC中,AB=AC,tan B=,BC=4,点E是在线段BA延长线上一点,以点E为圆心,EC为半径的圆交射线BC于点C、F(点C、F不重合),射线EF与射线AC交于点P.(1)求证:AE2=AP•AC;(2)当点F在线段BC上,设CF=x,△PFC的面积为y,求y关于x的函数解析式及定义域;(3)当时,求BE的长.2018年上海市浦东新区中考数学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一.选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4分)下列代数式中,单项式是()A.B.0C.x+1D.【解答】解:A、不是单项式,不符合题意;B、0是单项式,符合题意;C、x+1是多项式,不符合题意;D、不是单项式,不符合题意;故选:B.2.(4分)下列代数式中,二次根式的有理化因式可以是()A.B.C.D..【解答】解:∵×=()2=m+n,∴二次根式的有理化因式是,故选:C.3.(4分)已知一元二次方程x2+2x﹣1=0,下列判断正确的是()A.该方程有两个不相等的实数根B.该方程有两个相等的实数根C.该方程没有实数根D.该方程的根的情况不确定【解答】解:∵a=1,b=2,c=﹣1,∴△=b2﹣4ac=22﹣4×1×(﹣1)=8>0,∴该方程有两个不相等的实数根.故选:A.4.(4分)某运动员进行射击测试,共射靶6次,成绩记录如下:8.5,9.0,10,8.0,9.5,10,在下列各统计量中,表示这组数据离散程度的量是()A.平均数B.众数C.方差D.频率【解答】解:在平均数、众数、方差、频率这些统计量中,表示一组数据波动程度的量是方差.故选:C.5.(4分)下列y关于x的函数中,当x>0时,函数值y随x的值增大而减小的是()A.y=x2B.y=C.y=D.y=【解答】解:A、二次函数y=x2的图象,开口向上,并向上无限延伸,在y轴右侧(x>0时),y随x的增大而增大;故本选项错误;B、一次函数y=x+1的图象,y随x的增大而增大;故本选项错误;C、正比例函数y=x的图象在一、三象限内,y随x的增大而增大;故本选项错误;D、反比例函数y=中k=1>0,所以当x>0时,y随x的增大而减小;故本选项正确;故选:D.6.(4分)已知四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,AC∥BD,下列判断中正确的是()A.如果BC=AD,那么四边形ABCD是等腰梯形B.如果AD∥BC,那么四边形ABCD是菱形C.如果AC平分BD,那么四边形ABCD是矩形D.如果AC⊥BD,那么四边形ABCD是正方形【解答】解:四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,AC∥BD,所以四边形ABCD是平行四边形,A.如果BC=AD,那么四边形ABCD是矩形,错误;B.AD应该与BC相交,不能AD∥BC,错误;C.如果AC平分BD,那么四边形ABCD是矩形,正确;D、如果AC⊥BD,那么四边形ABCD是菱形,错误;故选:C.二.填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.(4分)计算:=3ab2.【解答】解:原式=3ab2故答案为:3ab28.(4分)因式分解:x2﹣4y2=(x+2y)(x﹣2y).【解答】解:x2﹣4y2=(x+2y)(x﹣2y).9.(4分)方程=3的解是x=5.【解答】解:平方,得2x﹣1=9,解得x=5,故答案为:x=5.10.(4分)如果将分别写着“幸福”、“奋斗”的两张纸片,随机放入“■都是■出来的”中的两个■内(每个■只放一张卡片),那么文字恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”概率是.【解答】解:∵将分别写有“幸福”、“奋斗”的2张卡片,随机放入两个框中,只有两种情况,恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”的情况只有一种,∴其概率是:,故答案为:.11.(4分)已知正方形的边长为2cm,那么它的半径长是cm.【解答】解:如图,∵AB=2,∴OC=1,∴OA=,故答案为:12.(4分)某市种植60亩树苗,实际每天比原计划多种植3亩树苗,因此提前一天完成任务,求原计划每天种植多少亩树苗.设原计划每天种植工亩树苗,根据题意可列出关于x的方程.【解答】解:设原计划每天种植x亩,根据题意可得:,故答案为:,13.(4分)近年来,出境旅游成为越来越多中国公民的假期选择,将2017年某小区居民出境游的不同方式的人次情况画成扇形图和条形图,如图所示,那么2017年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为24.【解答】解:∵被调查的总人数为36÷45%=80,∴2017年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为80﹣36﹣20=24(人),故答案为:24.14.(4分)如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,E是BC的中点,AE交BD于点F,如果,那么=(用向量表示).【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AD∥BC.∵E是BC的中点,AE交BD于点F,∴==2∴AF=AE.又,那么=.故答案是:.15.(4分)在南海阅兵式上,某架“直﹣8”型直升飞机在海平面上方1200米的点A处,测得其到海平而观摩点B的俯角为60°,此时点A、B之间的距离是米.【解答】解:根据题意得:直升飞机与观摩点B之间的距离是AB=米.故答案为:800.16.(4分)如图,已知在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AD=AB=DC=3,BC=6,将△ABD 绕着点D逆时针旋转,使点A落在点C处,点B落在点B'处,那么BB'=9.【解答】解:如图,将△ABD绕着点D逆时针旋转得到△CB′D,作DE∥AB交BC于E,则ABED是平行四边形,BE=AD=3,DE=AB=3,∴EC=BC﹣BE=6﹣3=3,∵DC=3,∴DE=EC=DC=3,∴△DCE是等边三角形,∴∠DCE=60°.∵在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=DC,∴∠ABC=∠DCB=60°,∠A=120°,∵将△ABD绕着点D逆时针旋转得到△CB′D,∴△CB′D≌△ABD,∴∠DCB′=∠A=120°,CB′=AB=3,∴∠BCB′=∠BCD+∠DCB′=120°+60°=180°,∴B、C、B′三点共线,∴BB′=BC+CB′=6+3=9.故答案为9.17.(4分)如果抛物线C:y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)与直线l:y=kx+d(k≠0)都经过y轴上一点P,且抛物线C的顶点Q在直线l上,那么称此直线l与该抛物线C具有“一带一路”关系.如果直线y=mx+1与抛物线y=x2﹣2x+n具有“一带一路”关系,那么m+n =0.【解答】解:在y=mx+1中,令x=0可求得y=1,在y=x2﹣2x+n中,令x=0可得y=n,∵直线与抛物线都经过y轴上的一点,∴n=1,∴抛物线解析式为y=x2﹣2x+1=(x﹣1)2,∴抛物线顶点坐标为(1,0),∵抛物线顶点在直线上,∴0=m+1,解得m=﹣1,∴m+n=﹣1+1=0,故答案为:0.18.(4分)已知l1∥l2,l1、l2之间的距离是3cm,圆心O到直线l1的距离是1cm,如果圆O与直线l1、l2有三个公共点,那么圆O的半径为2或4cm.【解答】解:如下图所示,设圆的半径为r如图一所示,r﹣1=3,得r=4,如图二所示,r+1=3,得r=2,故答案为:2或4.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(10分)+|1﹣|﹣27+()﹣1【解答】解:原式=2+﹣1﹣3+220.(10分)解不等式组:,并把它的解集在数轴(如图)上表示出来.【解答】解:由①得:x>﹣3;由②得:x≤2;∴原不等式组的解集为﹣3<x≤2,.21.(10分)如图,已知AB是圆O的直径,弦CD交AB于点E,∠CEA=30°,OE=4,DE=5,求弦CD及圆O的半径长.【解答】解:过点O作OM⊥CD于点M,联结OD,∵∠CEA=30°,∴∠OEM=∠CEA=30°,在Rt△OEM中,∵OE=4,∴,,∵,∴,∵OM过圆心,OM⊥CD,∴,∵,∴在Rt△DOM中,,∴弦CD的长为,⊙O的半径长为.22.(10分)某市为鼓励市民节约用气,对居民管道天然气实行两档阶梯式收费.年用天然气量310立方米及以下为第一档;年用天然气量超出310立方米为第二档.某户应交天然气费y(元)与年用天然气量x(立方米)的关系如图所示,观察图象并回答下列问题:(1)年用天然气量不超过310立方米时,求y关于x的函数解析式(不写定义域);(2)小明家2017年天然气费为1029元,求小明家2017年使用天然气量.【解答】解:(1)设y=kx(k≠0).∵y=kx(k≠0)的图象过点(310,930),∴930=310k,∴k=3.∴y=3x.(2)设y=kx+b(k≠0).∵y=kx+b(k≠0)的图象过点(310,930)和(320,963),∴,∴∴y=3.3x﹣9.3,当y=1029时,3.3x﹣9.3=1029,解得x=340,答:小明家2017年使用天然气量为340立方米.23.(12分)已知:如图,在正方形ABCD中,点E为边AB的中点,联结DE,点F在DE 上CF=CD,过点F作FG⊥FC交AD于点G.(1)求证:GF=GD;(2)联结AF,求证:AF⊥DE.【解答】证明:(1)∵四边形ABCD是正方形,∴∠ADC=90°,∵FG⊥FC,∴∠GFC=90°,∵CF=CD,∴∠CDF=∠CFD,∴∠GFC﹣∠CFD=∠ADC﹣∠CDE,即∠GFD=∠GDF,∴GF=GD.(2)联结CG.∵CF=CD,GF=GD,∴点G、C在线段FD的中垂线上,∴GC⊥DE,∴∠CDF+∠DCG=90°,∵∠CDF+∠ADE=90°,∴∠DCG=∠ADE.∵四边形ABCD是正方形,∴AD=DC,∠DAE=∠CDG=90°,∴△DAE≌△CDG,∴AE=DG,∵点E是边AB的中点,∴点G是边AD的中点,∴AG=GD=GF,∴∠DAF=∠AFG,∠GDF=∠GFD,∵∠DAF+∠AFG+∠GFD+∠GDF=180°,∴2∠AFG+2∠GFD=180°,∴∠AFD=90°,即AF⊥DE.证法2:(1)联结CG交ED于点H.∵四边形ABCD是正方形,∴∠ADC=90°,∵FG⊥FC,∴∠GFC=90°,在Rt△CFG与Rt△CDG中,,∴Rt△CFG≌Rt△CDG,∴GF=GD.(2)∵CF=CD,GF=GD,∴点G、C在线段FD的中垂线上,∴FH=HD,GC⊥DE,∴∠EDC+∠DCH=90°,∵∠ADE+∠EDC=90°,∴∠ADE=∠DCH,∵四边形ABCD是正方形,∴AD=DC=AB,∠DAE=∠CDG=90°,∵∠ADE=∠DCH,AD=DC,∠EAD=∠GDC.∴△ADE≌△DCG,∴AE=DG,∵点E是边AB的中点,∴点G是边AD的中点,∵点H是边FD的中点,∴GH是△AFD的中位线,∴GH∥AF,∴∠AFD=∠GHD,∵GH⊥FD,∴∠GHD=90°,∴∠AFD=90°,即AF⊥DE.24.(12分)已知平而直角坐标系xOy(如图),二次函数y=ax2+bx+4的图象经过A(﹣2,0)、B(4,0)两点,与y轴交于点C点.(1)求这个二次函数的解析式;(2)如果点E在线段OC上,且∠CBE=∠ACO,求点E的坐标;(3)点M在y轴上,且位于点C上方,点N在直线BC上,点P为上述二次函数图象的对称轴上的点,如果以C、M、N、P为顶点的四边形是菱形,求点M的坐标.【解答】解:(1)∵抛物线y=ax2+bx+4与x轴交于点A(﹣2,0),B(4,0),∴,解得,∴抛物线的解析式为,(2)如图1,过点E作EH⊥BC于点H.在Rt△ACO中,∵A(﹣2,0),∴OA=2,,∴OC=4,在Rt△COB中,∵∠COB=90°,OC=OB=4,∴.∵EH⊥BC,∴CH=EH.∴在Rt△ACO中,,∵∠CBE=∠ACO,在Rt△EBH中,.设EH=k(k>0),则BH=2k,CH=k,.∴.∴,∴,∴,∴,(3)∵A(1,0),B(5,0),∴抛物线的对称轴为直线x=1,①当MC为菱形MCNP的边时,∴CM∥PN,∴∠PNC=∠NCO=45°.∵点P在二次函数的对称轴上,∴点P的横坐标为1,点N的横坐标为1.∴.∵四边形MCNP是菱形,∴,∴,∴,②当MC为菱形MCPN的边时,不存在,③如图2,当MC为菱形MNCP的对角线时,设NP交CM于点Q,∴CM、NP互相垂直平分,∴NQ=QP=1.MQ=QC,∵点N在直线BC上,∠NCM=∠OCB=45°.在Rt△CQN中,∴∠NCQ=∠CNQ=45°,∴QN=CQ=1,∴MQ=CQ=1,∴CM=2,∴OM=OC+CM=4+2=6,∴M(0,6),∴综上所述或M(0,6).25.(14分)如图,已知在△ABC中,AB=AC,tan B=,BC=4,点E是在线段BA延长线上一点,以点E为圆心,EC为半径的圆交射线BC于点C、F(点C、F不重合),射线EF与射线AC交于点P.(1)求证:AE2=AP•AC;(2)当点F在线段BC上,设CF=x,△PFC的面积为y,求y关于x的函数解析式及定义域;(3)当时,求BE的长.【解答】证明:(1)∵AB=AC,∴∠B=∠ACB.∵EF=EC,∴∠EFC=∠ECF,∵∠EFC=∠B+∠BEF,又∵∠ECF=∠ACB+∠ACE,∴∠BEF=∠ACE,∵∠EAC是公共角,∴△AEP∽△ACE,∴,∴AE2=AP•AC,(2)∵∠B=∠ACB,∠ECF=∠EFC,∴△ECB∽△PFC.∴,过点E作EH⊥CF于点H,∵EH经过圆心,EH⊥CF,∴.∴,在Rt△BEH中,∵,∴.∴,∴.∴,(3)①当点F在线段BC上时,∵,∴,∵△AEP∽△ACE.∴,∴,过点A作AM⊥BC,垂足为点M.∵AB=AC,BC=4,∴,在Rt△ABM中,∵,∴∴,∴,②当点F在线段BC延长线上时,∵∠EFC=∠ECF,∠EFC=∠FCP+∠P,∠ECF=∠B+∠BEC.又∵∠B=∠ACB,∠ACB=∠FCP,∴∠B=∠FCP.∴∠P=∠BEC.∵∠EAC是公共角,∴△AEP∽△ACE,∴,∵,∴,∴,∴,综上所述,或.第21页(共21页)。
2018学年浦东二模试卷参考答案
浦东新区2018学年度第二学期初三教学质量检测数学试卷参考答案及评分说明 (2019.5.8)一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)1.C ; 2.D ; 3.B ; 4.A ; 5.C ;6.B . 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.25-; 8.(m -n+2)(m -n -2);9.2; 10.m ≤1; 11.y =12x ; 12.31; 13.平行; 14.160; 15.130; 16.7; 17.22; 18.32. 三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.解:原式=321331-+-+- …………………………………………………(各2分)=-1. ……………………………………………………………………(2分)20.解:由①得 22-≥x . ………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴1-≥x . ………………………………………………………………(2分) 由②得 123<x . ………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴4<x . ………………………………………………………………(2分) ∴原不等式组的解集是41<≤-x . ………………………………………………(2分) ∴原不等式组的自然数解为0、1、2、3. ……………………………………(2分) (注:漏“0”扣1分)21.解:(1)作AD ⊥x 轴,垂足为点D .∵BH ⊥x 轴,AD ⊥x 轴,∴∠BHO =∠ADO =90°.∴AD ∥BH .…………(1分) 又∵BA=2OA ,∴21==AB OA DH OD . …………………………………………(1分) ∵点B 的横坐标为6,∴OH=6.∴OD=2. ………………………………(1分) ∵双曲线xy 6=经过点A ,可得点A 的纵坐标为3. …………………………(1分) ∴点A 的坐标为(2,3). …………………………………………………………(1分) (2)∵双曲线xy 6=上点C 的横坐标为6,∴点C 的坐标为(6,1). ……(1分) 由题意,得 直线AB 的表达式为x y 23=. ……………………………………(1分) ∴设平移后直线的表达式为b x y +=23. ∵平移后的直线b x y +=23经过点C (6,1),∴b +⨯=6231. ………………(1分) 解得8-=b . ……………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴平移后直线的表达式为823-=x y . …………………………………………(1分)22.解:(1)根据题意,得AB=20,∠ABC=70°,CH =BD =2.………………(1分) 在△ACB 中,∵∠ACB =90°,∴sin AC ABC AB∠=. ∵∠ABC=70°,AB=20,∴20sin70200.9418.8AC =⋅≈⨯=o . …………(2分) ∴AH =20.8.答:这辆吊车工作时点A 离地面的最大距离AH 为20.8米. …………(1分)(2)设这次王师傅所开的吊车的速度为每小时x 千米. ……………………(1分) 由题意,得 31402040=--x x . ………………………………………………(1分) 整理,得02400202=--x x .………………………………………………(1分) 解得 x 1=60,x 2=-40. …………………………………………………………(1分) 经检验:x 1=60,x 2=-40都是原方程的解,但x 2=-40不符合题意,舍去.…(1分) 答:这次王师傅所开的吊车的速度为每小时60千米. ……………………(1分)23.证明:(1)∵AB=AD ,∴∠ABD =∠ADB . ……………………………………(1分) ∵AD ∥BC ,∴∠ADB=∠MBC . …………………………………………(1分) ∵AB=AD ,AM ⊥BD ,∴BM =DM . …………………………………………(1分)∵DC ⊥BC ,∴∠BCD =90°.∴BM =DM =CM . ………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴∠MBC =∠BCM . …………………………………………………………(1分) ∴∠ABD=∠BCM . …………………………………………………………(1分)(2)∵∠BNM=∠CNB ,∠NBM=∠NCB ,∴△NBM ∽△NCB . …………(2分) ∴BCBM CN BN =. ………………………………………………………………(2分) ∵BM =DM ,∴BCDM CN BN =. ……………………………………………………(1分) ∴DM CN BN BC ⋅=⋅. ……………………………………………………(1分)24.解:(1)∵抛物线c bx x y ++=231经过点M (3,-4),A (-3,0), ∴⎩⎨⎧+-=++=-.330,33c b c b 4 ………………………………………………………………(1分) 解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=-=.5,32c b………………………………………………………………(2分)∴这条抛物线的表达式为532312--=x x y . ………………………………(1分) (2)由题意,得 这条抛物线的对称轴为直线1=x . …………………………(1分) 点B 的坐标为(5,0),点C 的坐标为(0,-5). …………………………(1分) 设点P 的坐标为(1,y ).∵PC=BC ,∴PC 2=BC 2. ∴22255)5(1+=++ y . ……………………………………………………(1分)解得y =2或y =-12.∴点P 的坐标为(1,2)或(1,-12).…………………………………………(1分)(3)作PH ⊥BC ,垂足为点H .∵点B (5,0),点C (0,-5),点P (1,2),∴PC =BC =52.…………(1分)∵直线BC 与对称轴相交于点D (1,-4), ∴462116212521⨯⨯+⨯⨯=⨯PH . …………………………………………(1分)解得PH =23. ………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴sin ∠PCB=532523=. ……………………………………………………(1分) 25.解:(1)联结PO 并延长交弦AB 于点H .∵P 是优弧AB ︵ 的中点,PH 经过圆心O ,∴PH ⊥AB ,AH =BH . …………(2分) 在△AOH 中,∵∠AHO =90°,AH=21AB =4,AO=5,∴OH=3. ……(1分) 在△APH 中,∵∠AHP =90°,PH=5+3=8,AH=4,∴AP=54. ……(1分)(2)作OG ⊥AB ,垂足为点G .∵∠OBG =∠ABM ,∠OGB =∠AMB ,∴△OBG ∽△ABM . ………………(1分)∴OB BG AB BM =,即548=BM . ∴532=BM . ……………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴57=OM . ……………………………………………………………………(1分) ∵57<23,∴以点O 为圆心,23为半径的圆与直线AP 相交. …………(1分) (3)作OG ⊥AB ,垂足为点G .∵∠BNO=∠BON ,∴BN=BO . ………………………………………………(1分) ∵BO =AO=5,∴BN=5. ……………………………………………………(1分) (i )当点N 在线段AB 延长线上时,∵BG =21AB =4,∴GN =9. 在△GON 中,∵∠NGO =90°,GN=9,OG=3,∴ON=103.∵圆N 与圆O 相切,∴5103+=r 或5103-=r .∴圆N 的半径为5103-或5103+. …………………………………(各1分) (ii )当点N 在线段AB 上时,同理可得圆N 的半径为105+或105-.……………………………………………………………………………(各1分)。
2018上海浦东新区高三二模试题(含答案解析)
2018年浦东新区高三二模语文试卷(时间150分钟,满分150分) 2018.4一积累运用(10分)1.按要求填空(5分)(1),幽咽泉流冰下难。
(白居易《》)(2)香远益清,亭亭净植,。
(周敦颐《爱莲说》)(3)苏轼在《江城子》中有“相顾无言,惟有泪千行”的诗句,在柳永的《雨霖铃》中意境与之相似的一句是“,”。
2.按要求选择。
(5分)(1)今年南汇桃花节,小刘去踏青觅胜,欲留影配诗,下列诗句和赏花场景不匹配的一项是()。
(2分)A.满树和娇烂漫红,万枝丹彩灼春融。
B.桃花一簇开无主,可爱深红爱浅红。
C.花开不并百花丛,独立疏篱趣无穷。
D.一树繁英夺眼红,开时先合占东风。
填入下面语段空白处的句子,最恰当的一项是()。
(3分)文明是史,未进入文明之前是史前时期,未进入文明的文化是史前文化,未有字,焉有史?文明的标志当然是文字,,中国人大可底气十足地说,中华文明至少肇始于三千年前,其独一无二的持久性正有汉字之功。
A.而文明预示着文字有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋B.而文字预示着文明有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋C.而文明预示着文字有走向长寿与伟大的资本和禀赋D.而文字预示着文明有长寿的资本与走向伟大的禀赋二阅读(70分)(一)阅读下文,完成3-7题。
(16分)导演的限制与自由①导演的地位和作用问题,是近代戏剧史上一个争论不休的话题。
主流派认为,剧本是舞台艺术的基础,导演则是剧本的诠释者和体现者。
导演创作,可以发展或充实刷本,但却不能违背原作的立意与风格。
从俄国的斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基到美国的贝拉斯科、中国的焦菊隐等,都持这种观点。
②也有人认为,导演是现代戏剧的核心,他可以随意篡改或解构剧本,甚至干脆不要据本,正如他有权设计布景,有权摆布演员,有权使用音响灯光一样。
一些先锋派导演或理论家多持这种观点。
如果把这种“导演中心”论限制在演出的范围内,还是有道理的,作为某种创新实验,更是无可厚非,但要推行于全部戏刷活动,恐怕就行不通了。
2018年上海市浦东新区中考数学二模试卷(可编辑修改word版)
2018 年上海市浦东新区中考数学二模试卷一.选择题:(本大题共6 题,每题4 分,满分24 分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4 分)下列代数式中,单项式是()A.B.0 C.x+1D.2.(4 分)下列代数式中,二次根式的有理化因式可以是()A.B.C.D.3.(4 分)已知一元二次方程x2+2x﹣1=0,下列判断正确的是()A.该方程有两个不相等的实数根B.该方程有两个相等的实数根C.该方程没有实数根D.该方程的根的情况不确定4.(4 分)某运动员进行射击测试,共射靶6 次,成绩记录如下:8.5,9.0,10,8.0,9.5,10,在下列各统计量中,表示这组数据离散程度的量是()A.平均数B.众数C.方差D.频率5.(4 分)下列y 关于x 的函数中,当x>0 时,函数值y 随x 的值增大而减小的是()A.y=x2B.y C.y D.y6.(4 分)已知四边形ABCD 中,AB∥CD,AC=BD,下列判断中正确的是()A.如果BC=AD,那么四边形ABCD 是等腰梯形B.如果AD∥BC,那么四边形ABCD 是菱形C.如果AC 平分BD,那么四边形ABCD 是矩形D.如果AC⊥BD,那么四边形ABCD 是正方形二.填空题:(本大题共12 题,每题4 分,满分48 分)7.(4 分)计算:.8.(4 分)因式分解:x2﹣4y2=.9.(4 分)方程3 的解是.10.(4 分)如果将分别写着“幸福”、“奋斗”的两张纸片,随机放入“■都是■出来的”中的两个■内(每个■只放一张卡片),那么文字恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”概率是.11.(4 分)已知正方形的边长为2cm,那么它的半径长是cm.12.(4 分)某市种植60 亩树苗,实际每天比原计划多种植3 亩树苗,因此提前一天完成任务,求原计划每天种植多少亩树苗.设原计划每天种植工亩树苗,根据题意可列出关于x 的方程.13.(4 分)近年来,出境旅游成为越来越多中国公民的假期选择,将2017 年某小区居民出境游的不同方式的人次情况画成扇形图和条形图,如图所示,那么2017 年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为.14.(4 分)如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是BC 的中点,AE 交BD 于点F,如果,那么(用向量表示).15.(4 分)在南海阅兵式上,某架“直﹣8”型直升飞机在海平面上方1200 米的点A 处,测得其到海平而观摩点B 的俯角为60°,此时点A、B 之间的距离是米.16.(4 分)如图,已知在梯形ABCD 中,AD∥BC,AD=AB=DC=3,BC=6,将△ABD 绕着点D 逆时针旋转,使点A 落在点C 处,点B 落在点B'处,那么BB'=.17.(4 分)如果抛物线C:y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)与直线l:y=kx+d(k≠0)都经过y 轴上一点P,且抛物线C 的顶点Q 在直线l 上,那么称此直线l 与该抛物线C 具有“一带一路”关系.如果直线y=mx+1 与抛物线y=x2﹣2x+n 具有“一带一路”关系,那么m+n =.18.(4 分)已知l1∥l2,l1、l2 之间的距离是3cm,圆心O 到直线l1 的距离是1cm,如果圆O 与直线l1、l2 有三个公共点,那么圆O 的半径为cm.三、解答题:(本大题共7 题,满分78 分)19.(10 分)|1|﹣27()﹣120.(10 分)解不等式组:,并把它的解集在数轴(如图)上表示出来.21.(10 分)如图,已知AB 是圆O 的直径,弦CD 交AB 于点E,∠CEA=30°,OE=4,DE=5,求弦CD 及圆O 的半径长.22.(10 分)某市为鼓励市民节约用气,对居民管道天然气实行两档阶梯式收费.年用天然气量310 立方米及以下为第一档;年用天然气量超出310 立方米为第二档.某户应交天然气费y(元)与年用天然气量x(立方米)的关系如图所示,观察图象并回答下列问题:(1)年用天然气量不超过310 立方米时,求y 关于x 的函数解析式(不写定义域);(2)小明家2017 年天然气费为1029 元,求小明家2017 年使用天然气量.23.(12 分)已知:如图,在正方形ABCD 中,点E 为边AB 的中点,联结DE,点F 在DE 上CF=CD,过点F 作FG⊥FC 交AD 于点G.(1)求证:GF=GD;(2)联结AF,求证:AF⊥DE.24.(12 分)已知平而直角坐标系xOy(如图),二次函数y=ax2+bx+4 的图象经过A(﹣2,0)、B(4,0)两点,与y 轴交于点C 点.(1)求这个二次函数的解析式;(2)如果点E 在线段OC 上,且∠CBE=∠ACO,求点E 的坐标;(3)点M 在y 轴上,且位于点C 上方,点N 在直线BC 上,点P 为上述二次函数图象的对称轴上的点,如果以C、M、N、P 为顶点的四边形是菱形,求点M 的坐标.25.(14 分)如图,已知在△ABC 中,AB=AC,tan B,BC=4,点E 是在线段BA 延长线上一点,以点E 为圆心,EC 为半径的圆交射线BC 于点C、F(点C、F 不重合),射线EF 与射线AC 交于点P.(1)求证:AE2=AP•AC;(2)当点F 在线段BC 上,设CF=x,△PFC 的面积为y,求y 关于x 的函数解析式及定义域;(3)当时,求BE 的长.2018 年上海市浦东新区中考数学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一.选择题:(本大题共6 题,每题4 分,满分24 分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4 分)下列代数式中,单项式是()A.B.0 C.x+1 D.【解答】解:A、不是单项式,不符合题意;B、0 是单项式,符合题意;C、x+1 是多项式,不符合题意;D、不是单项式,不符合题意;故选:B.2.(4 分)下列代数式中,二次根式的有理化因式可以是()A.B.C.D.【解答】解:∵()2=m+n,∴二次根式的有理化因式是,故选:C.3.(4 分)已知一元二次方程x2+2x﹣1=0,下列判断正确的是()A.该方程有两个不相等的实数根B.该方程有两个相等的实数根C.该方程没有实数根D.该方程的根的情况不确定【解答】解:∵a=1,b=2,c=﹣1,∴△=b2﹣4ac=22﹣4×1×(﹣1)=8>0,∴该方程有两个不相等的实数根.故选:A.4.(4 分)某运动员进行射击测试,共射靶6 次,成绩记录如下:8.5,9.0,10,8.0,9.5,10,在下列各统计量中,表示这组数据离散程度的量是()A.平均数B.众数C.方差D.频率【解答】解:在平均数、众数、方差、频率这些统计量中,表示一组数据波动程度的量是方差.故选:C.5.(4 分)下列y 关于x 的函数中,当x>0 时,函数值y 随x 的值增大而减小的是()A.y=x2B.y C.y D.y【解答】解:A、二次函数y=x2的图象,开口向上,并向上无限延伸,在y 轴右侧(x>0 时),y 随x 的增大而增大;故本选项错误;B、一次函数yx+1 的图象,y 随x 的增大而增大;故本选项错误;C、正比例函数yx 的图象在一、三象限内,y 随x 的增大而增大;故本选项错误;D、反比例函数y 中k=1>0,所以当x>0 时,y 随x 的增大而减小;故本选项正确;故选:D.6.(4 分)已知四边形ABCD 中,AB∥CD,AC=BD,下列判断中正确的是()A.如果BC=AD,那么四边形ABCD 是等腰梯形B.如果AD∥BC,那么四边形ABCD 是菱形C.如果AC 平分BD,那么四边形ABCD 是矩形D.如果AC⊥BD,那么四边形ABCD 是正方形【解答】解:A.如果BC=AD,那么四边形ABCD 可能是等腰梯形,也可能是矩形,错误;B.如果AD∥BC,那么四边形ABCD 是矩形,错误;C.如果AC 平分BD,那么四边形ABCD 是矩形,正确;D.如果AC⊥BD,那么四边形ABCD 不一定是正方形,错误;故选:C.二.填空题:(本大题共12 题,每题4 分,满分48 分)7.(4 分)计算:3ab2.【解答】解:原式=3ab2故答案为:3ab28.(4 分)因式分解:x2﹣4y2=(x+2y)(x﹣2y).【解答】解:x2﹣4y2=(x+2y)(x﹣2y).9.(4 分)方程3 的解是 x=5 .【解答】解:平方,得2x﹣1=9,解得x=5,故答案为:x=5.10.(4 分)如果将分别写着“幸福”、“奋斗”的两张纸片,随机放入“■都是■出来的”中的两个■内(每个■只放一张卡片),那么文字恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”概率是.【解答】解:∵将分别写有“幸福”、“奋斗”的2 张卡片,随机放入两个框中,只有两种情况,恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”的情况只有一种,∴其概率是:,故答案为:.11.(4 分)已知正方形的边长为2cm,那么它的半径长是cm.【解答】解:如图,∵AB=2,∴OC=1,∴OA,故答案为:12.(4 分)某市种植60 亩树苗,实际每天比原计划多种植3 亩树苗,因此提前一天完成任务,求原计划每天种植多少亩树苗.设原计划每天种植工亩树苗,根据题意可列出关于x 的方程.【解答】解:设原计划每天种植x 亩,根据题意可得:,故答案为:,13.(4 分)近年来,出境旅游成为越来越多中国公民的假期选择,将2017 年某小区居民出境游的不同方式的人次情况画成扇形图和条形图,如图所示,那么2017 年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为 24 .【解答】解:∵被调查的总人数为36÷45%=80,∴2017 年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为80﹣36﹣20=24(人),故答案为:24.14.(4 分)如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是BC 的中点,AE 交BD 于点F,如果,那么(用向量表示).【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,∴AD∥BC.∵E 是BC 的中点,AE 交BD 于点F,∴2∴AFAE.又,那么.故答案是:.15.(4 分)在南海阅兵式上,某架“直﹣8”型直升飞机在海平面上方1200 米的点A 处,测得其到海平而观摩点B 的俯角为60°,此时点A、B 之间的距离是米.【解答】解:根据题意得:直升飞机与观摩点B 之间的距离是AB米.故答案为:800.16.(4 分)如图,已知在梯形ABCD 中,AD∥BC,AD=AB=DC=3,BC=6,将△ABD 绕着点D 逆时针旋转,使点A 落在点C 处,点B 落在点B'处,那么BB'=9 .【解答】解:如图,将△ABD 绕着点D 逆时针旋转得到△CB′D,作DE∥AB 交BC 于E,则ABED 是平行四边形,BE=AD=3,DE=AB=3,∴EC=BC﹣BE=6﹣3=3,∵DC=3,∴DE=EC=DC=3,∴△DCE 是等边三角形,∴∠DCE=60°.∵在梯形ABCD 中,AD∥BC,AB=DC,∴∠ABC=∠DCB=60°,∠A=120°,∵将△ABD 绕着点D 逆时针旋转得到△CB′D,∴△CB′D≌△ABD,∴∠DCB′=∠A=120°,CB′=AB=3,∴∠BCB′=∠BCD+∠DCB′=120°+60°=180°,∴B、C、B′三点共线,∴BB′=BC+CB′=6+3=9.故答案为9.17.(4 分)如果抛物线C:y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)与直线l:y=kx+d(k≠0)都经过y 轴上一点P,且抛物线C 的顶点Q 在直线l 上,那么称此直线l 与该抛物线C 具有“一带一路”关系.如果直线y=mx+1 与抛物线y=x2﹣2x+n 具有“一带一路”关系,那么m+n= 0 .【解答】解:在y=mx+1 中,令x=0 可求得y=1,在y=x2﹣2x+n 中,令x=0 可得y=n,∵直线与抛物线都经过y 轴上的一点,∴n=1,∴抛物线解析式为y=x2﹣2x+1=(x﹣1)2,∴抛物线顶点坐标为(1,0),∵抛物线顶点在直线上,∴0=m+1,解得m=﹣1,∴m+n=﹣1+1=0,故答案为:0.18.(4 分)已知l1∥l2,l1、l2 之间的距离是3cm,圆心O 到直线l1 的距离是1cm,如果圆O 与直线l1、l2 有三个公共点,那么圆O 的半径为 2 或4 cm.【解答】解:如下图所示,设圆的半径为r如图一所示,r﹣1=3,得r=4,如图二所示,r+1=3,得r=2,故答案为:2 或4.三、解答题:(本大题共7 题,满分78 分)19.(10 分)|1|﹣27()﹣1【解答】解:原式=21﹣3+2=32.20.(10 分)解不等式组:,并把它的解集在数轴(如图)上表示出来.【解答】解:由①得:x>﹣3;由②得:x≤2;∴原不等式组的解集为﹣3<x≤2,.21.(10 分)如图,已知AB 是圆O 的直径,弦CD 交AB 于点E,∠CEA=30°,OE=4,DE=5,求弦CD 及圆O 的半径长.【解答】解:过点O 作OM⊥CD 于点M,联结OD,∵∠CEA=30°,∴∠OEM=∠CEA=30°,在Rt△OEM 中,∵OE=4,∴,,∵,∴,∵OM 过圆心,OM⊥CD,∴CD=2DM,∴,∵,∴在Rt△DOM 中,,∴弦CD 的长为,⊙O 的半径长为.22.(10 分)某市为鼓励市民节约用气,对居民管道天然气实行两档阶梯式收费.年用天然气量310 立方米及以下为第一档;年用天然气量超出310 立方米为第二档.某户应交天然气费y(元)与年用天然气量x(立方米)的关系如图所示,观察图象并回答下列问题:(1)年用天然气量不超过310 立方米时,求y 关于x 的函数解析式(不写定义域);(2)小明家2017 年天然气费为1029 元,求小明家2017 年使用天然气量.【解答】解:(1)设y=kx(k≠0).∵y=kx(k≠0)的图象过点(310,930),∴930=310k,∴k=3.∴y=3x.(2)设y=kx+b(k≠0).∵y=kx+b(k≠0)的图象过点(310,930)和(320,963),∴,∴∴y=3.3x﹣9.3,当y=1029 时,3.3x﹣9.3=1029,解得x=340,答:小明家2017 年使用天然气量为340 立方米.23.(12 分)已知:如图,在正方形ABCD 中,点E 为边AB 的中点,联结DE,点F 在DE 上CF=CD,过点F 作FG⊥FC 交AD 于点G.(1)求证:GF=GD;(2)联结AF,求证:AF⊥DE.【解答】证明:(1)∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,∴∠ADC=90°,∵FG⊥FC,∴∠GFC=90°,∵CF=CD,∴∠CDF=∠CFD,∴∠GFC﹣∠CFD=∠ADC﹣∠CDE,即∠GFD=∠GDF,∴GF=GD.(2)联结CG.∵CF=CD,GF=GD,∴点G、C 在线段FD 的中垂线上,∴GC⊥DE,∴∠CDF+∠DCG=90°,∵∠CDF+∠ADE=90°,∴∠DCG=∠ADE.∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,∴AD=DC,∠DAE=∠CDG=90°,∴△DAE≌△CDG,∴AE=DG,∵点E 是边AB 的中点,∴点G 是边AD 的中点,∴AG=GD=GF,∴∠DAF=∠AFG,∠GDF=∠GFD,∵∠DAF+∠AFG+∠GFD+∠GDF=180°,∴2∠AFG+2∠GFD=180°,∴∠AFD=90°,即AF⊥DE.证法2:(1)联结CG 交ED 于点H.∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,∴∠ADC=90°,∵FG⊥FC,∴∠GFC=90°,在Rt△CFG 与Rt△CDG 中,,∴Rt△CFG≌Rt△CDG,∴GF=GD.(2)∵CF=CD,GF=GD,∴点G、C 在线段FD 的中垂线上,∴FH=HD,GC⊥DE,∴∠EDC+∠DCH=90°,∵∠ADE+∠EDC=90°,∴∠ADE=∠DCH,∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,∴AD=DC=AB,∠DAE=∠CDG=90°,∵∠ADE=∠DCH,AD=DC,∠EAD=∠GDC.∴△ADE≌△DCG,∴AE=DG,∵点E 是边AB 的中点,∴点G 是边AD 的中点,∵点H 是边FD 的中点,∴GH 是△AFD 的中位线,∴GH∥AF,∴∠AFD=∠GHD,∵GH⊥FD,∴∠GHD=90°,∴∠AFD=90°,即AF⊥DE.24.(12 分)已知平而直角坐标系xOy(如图),二次函数y=ax2+bx+4 的图象经过A(﹣2,0)、B(4,0)两点,与y 轴交于点C 点.(1)求这个二次函数的解析式;(2)如果点E 在线段OC 上,且∠CBE=∠ACO,求点E 的坐标;(3)点M 在y 轴上,且位于点C 上方,点N 在直线BC 上,点P 为上述二次函数图象的对称轴上的点,如果以C、M、N、P 为顶点的四边形是菱形,求点M 的坐标.【解答】解:(1)∵抛物线y=ax2+bx+4 与x 轴交于点A(﹣2,0),B(4,0),∴,解得,∴抛物线的解析式为,(2)如图1,过点E 作EH⊥BC 于点H.在Rt△ACO 中,∵A(﹣2,0),∴OA=2,,∴OC=4,在Rt△COB 中,∵∠COB=90°,OC=OB=4,∴.∵EH⊥BC,∴CH=EH.∴在Rt△ACO 中,,∵∠CBE=∠ACO,在Rt△EBH 中,.设EH=k(k>0),则BH=2k,CH=k,.∴.∴,∴,∴,∴,(3)∵A(﹣2,0)、B(4,0)∴抛物线的对称轴为直线x=1,①当MC 为菱形MCNP 的边时,∴CM∥PN,∴∠PNC=∠NCO=45°.∵点P 在二次函数的对称轴上,∴点P 的横坐标为1,点N 的横坐标为1.∴.∵四边形MCNP 是菱形,∴,∴,∴,②如图2,当MC 为菱形MNCP 的对角线时,设NP 交CM 于点Q,∴CM、NP 互相垂直平分,∴NQ=QP=1.MQ=QC,∵点N 在直线BC 上,∠NCM=∠OCB=45°.在Rt△CQN 中,∴∠NCQ=∠CNQ=45°,∴QN=CQ=1,∴MQ=CQ=1,∴CM=2,∴OM=OC+CM=4+2=6,∴M(0,6),∴综上所述或M(0,6).25.(14 分)如图,已知在△ABC 中,AB=AC,tan B,BC=4,点E 是在线段BA 延长线上一点,以点E 为圆心,EC 为半径的圆交射线BC 于点C、F(点C、F 不重合),射线EF 与射线AC 交于点P.(1)求证:AE2=AP•AC;(2)当点F 在线段BC 上,设CF=x,△PFC 的面积为y,求y 关于x 的函数解析式及定义域;(3)当时,求BE 的长.【解答】证明:(1)∵AB=AC,∴∠B=∠ACB.∵EF=EC,∴∠EFC=∠ECF,∵∠EFC=∠B+∠BEF,又∵∠ECF=∠ACB+∠ACE,∴∠BEF=∠ACE,∵∠EAC 是公共角,∴△AEP∽△ACE,∴,∴AE2=AP•AC,(2)∵∠B=∠ACB,∠ECF=∠EFC,∴△ECB∽△PFC.∴,过点E 作EH⊥CF 于点H,∵EH 经过圆心,EH⊥CF,∴.∴,在Rt△BEH 中,∵,∴.∴,∴.∴,(3)①当点F 在线段BC 上时,∵,∴,∵△AEP∽△ACE.∴,∴,过点A 作AM⊥BC,垂足为点M.∵AB=AC,BC=4,∴,在Rt△ABM 中,∵,∴∴,∴,②当点F 在线段BC 延长线上时,∵∠EFC=∠ECF,∠EFC=∠FCP+∠P,∠ECF=∠B+∠BEC.又∵∠B=∠ACB,∠ACB=∠FCP,∴∠B=∠FCP.∴∠P=∠BEC.∵∠EAC 是公共角,∴△AEP∽△ACE,∴,∵,∴,∴,∴,综上所述,或.。
2018年上海市浦东新区高考数学二模试卷含详解
2018年上海市浦东新区高考数学二模试卷一.填空题(本大题共12题,1-6每题4分,7-12每题5分,共54分)1.(4分)=2.(4分)不等式<0的解集为.3.(4分)已知{a n}是等比数列,它的前n项和为S n,且a3=4,a4=﹣8,则S5= 4.(4分)已知f﹣1(x)是函数f(x)=log2(x+1)的反函数,则f﹣1(2)= 5.(4分)()9二项展开式中的常数项为6.(4分)椭圆(θ为参数)的右焦点坐标为7.(5分)满足约束条件的目标函数f=3x+2y的最大值为8.(5分)函数f(x)=cos2x+,x∈R的单调递增区间为9.(5分)已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面2米时,量得水面宽为8米,当水面下降1米后,水面的宽为米10.(5分)一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系O﹣xyz中的坐标分别是(0,0,0)、(1,0,1)、(0,1,1)、(1,1,0),则该四面体的体积为.11.(5分)已知f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数,且f(x)在[0,+∞)上是增函数,如果对于任意x∈[1,2],f(ax+1)≤f(x﹣3)恒成立,则实数a的取值范围是.12.(5分)已知函数f(x)=x2﹣5x+7,若对于任意的正整数n,在区间[1,n]上存在m+1个实数a0、a1、a2、…a m,使得f(a0)>f(a1)+f(a2)+…+f(a m)成立,则m的最大值为二.选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13.(5分)已知方程x2﹣px+1=0的两虚根为x1、x2,若|x1﹣x2|=1,则实数p的值为()A.B.C.,D.,14.(5分)在复数运算中下列三个式子是正确的:(1)|z1+z2|≤|z1|+|z2|;(2)|z1•z2|=|z1|•|z2|;(3)(z1•z2)•z3=z1•(z2•z3),相应的在向量运算中,下列式子:(1)||≤||+||;(2)||=||•||;(3)()=),正确的个数是()A.0B.1C.2D.315.(5分)唐代诗人杜牧的七绝唐诗中有两句诗为:“今来海上升高望,不到蓬莱不成仙.”其中后一句中“成仙”是“到蓬莱”的()A.充分条件B.必要条件C.充要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件16.(5分)设P、Q是R上的两个非空子集,如果存在一个从P到Q的函数y=f (x)满足:(1)Q={f(x)|x∈P};(2)对任意x1,x2∈P,当x1<x2时,恒有f(x1)<f(x2),那么称这两个集合构成“P→Q恒等态射”,以下集合可以构成“P→Q恒等态射”的是()A.R→Z B.Z→Q C.[1,2]→(0,1)D.(1,2)→R 三.解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17.(14分)已知圆锥AO的底面半径为2,母线长为2,点C为圆锥底面圆周上的一点,O为圆心,D是AB的中点,且.(1)求圆锥的全面积;(2)求直线CD与平面AOB所成角的大小.(结果用反三角函数值表示)18.(14分)在△ABC中,边a、b、c分别为角A、B、C所对应的边.(1)若=0,求角C的大小;(2)若sinA=,C=,c=,求△ABC的面积.19.(14分)已知双曲线C:x2﹣y2=1.(1)求以右焦点为圆心,与双曲线C的渐近线相切的圆的方程;(2)若经过点P(0,﹣1)的直线与双曲线C的右支交于不同两点M、N,求线段MN的中垂线l在y轴上截距t的取值范围.20.(16分)已知函数y=f(x)定义域为R,对于任意x∈R恒有f(2x)=﹣2f (x).(1)若f(1)=﹣3,求f(16)的值;(2)若x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=x2﹣2x+2,求函数y=f(x),x∈(1,8]的解析式及值域;(3)若x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=﹣|x﹣|,求y=f(x)在区间(1,2n],n∈N*上的最大值与最小值.21.(18分)已知数列{a n}中a1=1,前n项和为S n,若对任意的n∈N*,均有S n=a n+k ﹣k(k是常数,且k∈N*)成立,则称数列{a n}为“H(k)数列”.(1)若数列{a n}为“H(1)数列”,求数列{a n}的前n项和S n;(2)若数列{a n}为“H(2)数列”,且a2为整数,试问:是否存在数列{a n},使a n+1|≤40对一切n≥2,n∈N*恒成立?如果存在,求出这样数得|a﹣a n﹣1列{a n}的a2的所有可能值,如果不存在,请说明理由;(3)若数列{a n}为“H(k)数列”,且a1=a2=…=a k=1,证明:a n+2k≥(1)n ﹣k.2018年上海市浦东新区高考数学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一.填空题(本大题共12题,1-6每题4分,7-12每题5分,共54分)1.(4分)=2【考点】6F:极限及其运算.【专题】11:计算题;35:转化思想;49:综合法.【分析】变形得到,而,从而求出该极限的值.【解答】解:.故答案为:2.【点评】考查数列极限的定义及求法,知道.2.(4分)不等式<0的解集为(0,1).【考点】7E:其他不等式的解法.【专题】59:不等式的解法及应用.【分析】由不等式<0可得x(x﹣1)<0,由此解得不等式的解集.【解答】解:由不等式<0可得x(x﹣1)<0,解得0<x<1,故答案为:(0,1).【点评】本题主要考查分式不等式的解法,体现了等价转化的数学思想,属于基础题.3.(4分)已知{a n}是等比数列,它的前n项和为S n,且a3=4,a4=﹣8,则S5= 11【考点】89:等比数列的前n项和.【专题】36:整体思想;4O:定义法;54:等差数列与等比数列.【分析】根据等比数列的定义求出公比,结合数列前n项和公式的定义进行求解即可.【解答】解:∵a3=4,a4=﹣8,∴公比q===﹣2,则a2=﹣2,a1=1,a5=16,则S5=1﹣2+4﹣8+16=11,故答案为:11.【点评】本题主要考查等比数列前n项和的计算,根据条件求出公比是解决本题的关键.4.(4分)已知f﹣1(x)是函数f(x)=log2(x+1)的反函数,则f﹣1(2)=3【考点】4R:反函数.【专题】35:转化思想;4R:转化法;51:函数的性质及应用.【分析】令f(x)=log2(x+1)=2,解得x值,进而可得答案.【解答】解:∵f﹣1(x)是函数f(x)=log2(x+1)的反函数,令f(x)=log2(x+1)=2,解得:x=3,故f﹣1(2)=3,故答案为:3【点评】本题考查的知识点是反函数,函数与方程思想,转化思想,难度中档.5.(4分)()9二项展开式中的常数项为84【考点】DA:二项式定理.【专题】11:计算题;34:方程思想;4A:数学模型法;5P:二项式定理.【分析】写出二项展开式的通项,由x的指数为0求得r值,则答案可求.【解答】解:()9的展开式的通项为=.取,得r=3.∴()9二项展开式中的常数项为.故答案为:84.【点评】本题考查二项式系数的性质,关键是熟记二项展开式的通项,是基础题.6.(4分)椭圆(θ为参数)的右焦点坐标为(1,0)【考点】QL:椭圆的参数方程.【专题】11:计算题;34:方程思想;5S:坐标系和参数方程.【分析】根据题意,将椭圆的参数方程变形为标准方程,分析可得a、b的值,计算可得c的值,即可得椭圆的右焦点坐标,即可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,椭圆(θ为参数)的普通方程为+=1,其中a=2,b=,则c=1;故椭圆的右焦点坐标为(1,0);故答案为:(1,0)【点评】本题考查椭圆的参数方程,注意将椭圆的参数方程变形为普通方程.7.(5分)满足约束条件的目标函数f=3x+2y的最大值为【考点】7C:简单线性规划.【专题】11:计算题;31:数形结合;34:方程思想;49:综合法;5T:不等式.【分析】由约束条件作出可行域,化目标函数为直线方程的斜截式,数形结合得到最优解,联立方程组求得最优解的坐标,代入目标函数得答案.【解答】解:由约束条件作出可行域如图,联立,解得A(,).化目标函数f=3x+2y为y=﹣x+,由图可知,当直线y=﹣x+过A时,直线在y轴上的截距最大,f有最大值为.故答案为:.【点评】本题考查简单的线性规划,考查了数形结合的解题思想方法,是中档题.8.(5分)函数f(x)=cos2x+,x∈R的单调递增区间为[,],k∈Z.【考点】GL:三角函数中的恒等变换应用.【专题】35:转化思想;57:三角函数的图像与性质.【分析】利用二倍角和辅助角化简,结合三角函数性质即可求单调性;【解答】解:函数f(x)=cos2x+=cos2x+sin2x+=sin(2x+),令2x+,k∈Z.可得:≤x≤,∴单调递增区间为[,],k∈Z.故答案为:[,],k∈Z.【点评】本题主要考查三角函数的图象和性质,利用三角函数公式将函数进行化简是解决本题的关键.9.(5分)已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面2米时,量得水面宽为8米,当水面下降1米后,水面的宽为4米【考点】K8:抛物线的性质.【专题】11:计算题;38:对应思想;4R:转化法;5D:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.【分析】根据题意,求出抛物线的方程,进而利用当水面下降1米后,y=﹣3,可求水面宽度.【解答】解:由题意,设y=ax2,代入(4,﹣2),∴a=﹣,∴﹣3=﹣x2,解得x=2∴水面的宽为4,故答案为:4【点评】本题以实际问题为载体,考查抛物线方程的建立,考查利用数学知识解决实际问题,属于中档题.10.(5分)一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系O﹣xyz中的坐标分别是(0,0,0)、(1,0,1)、(0,1,1)、(1,1,0),则该四面体的体积为.【考点】LF:棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积.【专题】5F:空间位置关系与距离.【分析】如图所示,满足条件的四面体为正方体的内接正四面体O﹣ABC.利用正方体的体积与三棱锥的体积计算公式即可得出.【解答】解:如图所示,满足条件的四面体为正方体的内接正四面体O﹣ABC.∴该四面体的体积V==.故答案为:.【点评】本题考查了正方体的体积与三棱锥的体积计算公式,考查了空间想象能力、推理能力与计算能力,属于中档题.11.(5分)已知f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数,且f(x)在[0,+∞)上是增函数,如果对于任意x∈[1,2],f(ax+1)≤f(x﹣3)恒成立,则实数a的取值范围是[﹣1,0] .【考点】3N:奇偶性与单调性的综合.【专题】35:转化思想;4O:定义法;51:函数的性质及应用;59:不等式的解法及应用.【分析】由题意可得|ax+1|≤|x﹣3|在x∈[1,2]恒成立,即x﹣3≤ax+1≤3﹣x,即1﹣≤a≤﹣1在x∈[1,2]恒成立,运用函数的单调性求得最值,即可得到a的范围.【解答】解:f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数,且f(x)在[0,+∞)上是增函数,如果对于任意x∈[1,2],f(ax+1)≤f(x﹣3)恒成立,可得|ax+1|≤|x﹣3|在x∈[1,2]恒成立,即有|ax+1|≤3﹣x,即x﹣3≤ax+1≤3﹣x,可得x﹣4≤ax≤2﹣x,即1﹣≤a≤﹣1在x∈[1,2]恒成立,由y=1﹣在x∈[1,2]递增,可得y的最大值为1﹣2=﹣1;y=﹣1在x∈[1,2]递减,可得y的最小值为1﹣1=0,则﹣1≤a≤0,故答案为:[﹣1,0].【点评】本题考查函数的奇偶性和单调性的运用:解不等式,考查不等式恒成立问题解法,注意运用参数分离和函数的单调性:求最值,考查运算能力,属于中档题.12.(5分)已知函数f(x)=x2﹣5x+7,若对于任意的正整数n,在区间[1,n]上存在m+1个实数a0、a1、a2、…a m,使得f(a0)>f(a1)+f(a2)+…+f(a m)成立,则m的最大值为6【考点】3V:二次函数的性质与图象.【专题】33:函数思想;49:综合法;51:函数的性质及应用.【分析】求出n+的最小值,得出f(x)在此区间上的最值,根据最值的倍数关系得出m的值.【解答】解:∵n为正整数,∴n+≥,∴f(x)在区间[1,]上最大值为f()=,最小值为f()=,∵=×6+,∴m的最大值为6.故最大值为6.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的最值计算,属于中档题.二.选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13.(5分)已知方程x2﹣px+1=0的两虚根为x1、x2,若|x1﹣x2|=1,则实数p的值为()A.B.C.,D.,【考点】A5:复数的运算.【专题】35:转化思想;4R:转化法;5N:数系的扩充和复数.【分析】根据方程x2﹣px+1=0有两虚根x1、x2,知△<0,写出方程x2﹣px+1=0的两虚根,由|x1﹣x2|=1求得实数p的值.【解答】解:方程x2﹣px+1=0的两虚根为x1、x2,∴△=p2﹣4<0,解得﹣2<p<2,∴方程x2﹣px+1=0的两虚根为x1、x2,即x1=,x2=,∴|x1﹣x2|==1,解得p=±.故选:A.【点评】本题考查了复数的定义与应用问题,是基础题.14.(5分)在复数运算中下列三个式子是正确的:(1)|z1+z2|≤|z1|+|z2|;(2)|z1•z2|=|z1|•|z2|;(3)(z1•z2)•z3=z1•(z2•z3),相应的在向量运算中,下列式子:(1)||≤||+||;(2)||=||•||;(3)()=),正确的个数是()A.0B.1C.2D.3【考点】A5:复数的运算.【专题】49:综合法;5A:平面向量及应用;5N:数系的扩充和复数.【分析】根据在复数运算性质、向量运算的性质即可判断出结论.【解答】解:根据在复数运算中下列三个式子是正确的:(1)|z1+z2|≤|z1|+|z2|;(2)|z1•z2|=|z1|•|z2|;(3)(z1•z2)•z3=z1•(z2•z3),相应的在向量运算中,下列式子:(1)||≤||+||,正确;(2)而||=||•||cos<>,因此不正确;(3)由于与不一定共线,因此()=)不正确.因此正确的个数是1.故选:B.【点评】本题考查了复数运算性质、向量运算的性质,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.15.(5分)唐代诗人杜牧的七绝唐诗中有两句诗为:“今来海上升高望,不到蓬莱不成仙.”其中后一句中“成仙”是“到蓬莱”的()A.充分条件B.必要条件C.充要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件【考点】29:充分条件、必要条件、充要条件.【专题】38:对应思想;4R:转化法;5L:简易逻辑.【分析】根据充分必要条件的定义判断即可.【解答】解:∵不到蓬莱→不成仙,∴成仙→到蓬莱,故选:A.【点评】本题考查了充分必要条件的定义,是一道基础题.16.(5分)设P、Q是R上的两个非空子集,如果存在一个从P到Q的函数y=f (x)满足:(1)Q={f(x)|x∈P};(2)对任意x1,x2∈P,当x1<x2时,恒有f(x1)<f(x2),那么称这两个集合构成“P→Q恒等态射”,以下集合可以构成“P→Q恒等态射”的是()A.R→Z B.Z→Q C.[1,2]→(0,1)D.(1,2)→R 【考点】3C:映射.【专题】38:对应思想;4O:定义法;51:函数的性质及应用.【分析】利用题目给出的“P→Q恒等态射”的概念,对每一个选项中给出的两个集合,利用所学知识,找出能够使两个集合满足题目所给出的条件的函数,即Q是函数的值域,且函数为定义域上的增函数,即可得到要选择的答案.【解答】解:根据题意,函数f(x)的定义域为P,单调递增,值域为Q,由此判断,对于A,定义域为R,值域为整数集,且为递增函数,找不出这样的函数;对于B,定义域为Z,值域为Q,且为递增函数,找不出这样的函数;对于C,定义域为[1,2],值域为(0,1),且为递增函数,找不出这样的函数;对于D,可取f(x)=tan(πx﹣),且f(x)在(1,2)递增,可得值域为R,满足题意.故选:D.【点评】本题考查映射的定义和判断,考查构造函数的能力,属于中档题.三.解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17.(14分)已知圆锥AO的底面半径为2,母线长为2,点C为圆锥底面圆周上的一点,O为圆心,D是AB的中点,且.(1)求圆锥的全面积;(2)求直线CD与平面AOB所成角的大小.(结果用反三角函数值表示)【考点】MI:直线与平面所成的角.【专题】11:计算题;31:数形结合;41:向量法;5F:空间位置关系与距离;5G:空间角.【分析】(1)由圆锥AO的底面半径为r=2,母线长为l=2能求出圆锥的全面积.(2)以O为圆心,OC为x轴,OB为y轴,OA为z轴,建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量法能求出直线CD与平面AOB所成角.【解答】解:(1)∵圆锥AO的底面半径为r=2,母线长为l=2,∴圆锥的全面积S=πrl+πr2=+π×22=(4+4)π.(2)∵圆锥AO的底面半径为2,母线长为2,点C为圆锥底面圆周上的一点,O为圆心,D是AB的中点,且.∴以O为圆心,OC为x轴,OB为y轴,OA为z轴,建立空间直角坐标系,OA==6,C(2,0,0),A(0,0,6),B(0,2,0),D(0,1,3),=(2,﹣1,﹣3),平面ABO的法向量=(1,0,0),设直线CD与平面AOB所成角为θ,则sinθ===.∴θ=arcsin.∴直线CD与平面AOB所成角为arcsin.【点评】本题考查圆锥的全面积的求法,考查线面角的求法,考查空间中线线、线面、面面间的位置关系等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,考查函数与方程思想,是中档题.18.(14分)在△ABC中,边a、b、c分别为角A、B、C所对应的边.(1)若=0,求角C的大小;(2)若sinA=,C=,c=,求△ABC的面积.【考点】HT:三角形中的几何计算.【专题】35:转化思想;58:解三角形.【分析】(1)根据矩阵的计算法则,可得2csinC=(2a﹣b)sinA•(1+),利用公式化简可得角C的大小.(2)根据正弦定理求解a,由余弦定理求解b,即可求解△ABC的面积.【解答】解:(1)由题意,2csinC=(2a﹣b)sinA•(1+),即2csinC=(2a﹣b)sinA+(2b﹣a)sinB由正弦定理得2c2=(2a﹣b)a+(2b﹣a)b.∴c2=a2+b2﹣ab.∴cosC=.∵0<C<π.∴C=(2)由sinA=,C=,c=,根据正弦定理:,可得:a=由a<c即A<C,∴cosA=那么:sinB=sin(A+C)=sinAcosC+sinCcosA=故得△ABC的面积S=acsinB=.【点评】本题考查△ABC的面积的求法,正弦余弦定理的合理运用.属于基础题.19.(14分)已知双曲线C:x2﹣y2=1.(1)求以右焦点为圆心,与双曲线C的渐近线相切的圆的方程;(2)若经过点P(0,﹣1)的直线与双曲线C的右支交于不同两点M、N,求线段MN的中垂线l在y轴上截距t的取值范围.【考点】KC:双曲线的性质.【专题】38:对应思想;4P:设而不求法;5E:圆锥曲线中的最值与范围问题.【分析】(1)求出右焦点到渐近线的距离,得出圆的方程;(2)设直线MN的方程为y=kx﹣1,联立方程组消元,根据方程在(1,+∞)上有两解求出k的范围,得出线段MN的中垂线方程,从而得出截距t关于k 的函数,得出t的范围.【解答】解:(1)双曲线的右焦点为F2(,0),渐近线方程为:x±y=0.∴F2到渐近线的距离为=1,∴圆的方程为(x﹣)2+y2=1.(2)设经过点P的直线方程为y=kx﹣1,M(x1,y1),N(x2,y2),联立方程组,消去y得:(1﹣k2)x2+2kx﹣2=0,∴,解得1<k<.∴MN的中点为(,),∴线段MN的中垂线方程为:y+=﹣(x+),令x=0得截距t==>2.即线段MN的中垂线l在y轴上截距t的取值范围是(2,+∞).【点评】本题考查了双曲线的性质,直线与双曲线的位置关系,属于中档题.20.(16分)已知函数y=f(x)定义域为R,对于任意x∈R恒有f(2x)=﹣2f (x).(1)若f(1)=﹣3,求f(16)的值;(2)若x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=x2﹣2x+2,求函数y=f(x),x∈(1,8]的解析式及值域;(3)若x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=﹣|x﹣|,求y=f(x)在区间(1,2n],n∈N*上的最大值与最小值.【考点】3H:函数的最值及其几何意义.【专题】35:转化思想;51:函数的性质及应用.【分析】(1)根据f(1)=﹣3,f(2x)=﹣2f(x).即可求解f(2),f(4)依此类推,即可求解求f(16)的值;(2)根据x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=x2﹣2x+2,结合f(2x)=﹣2f(x).即可递推出x∈(1,8]的解析式及值域;(3)根据x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=﹣|x﹣|,根据规律,即可求y=f(x)在区间(1,2n],n∈N*上的最大值与最小值.【解答】解:1)f(1)=﹣3,f(2x)=﹣2f(x).那么f(2)=﹣2f(1)=﹣3×(﹣2)∴f(4)=f(22)=﹣2f(2)=﹣3×(﹣2)2∴f(23)=﹣3×(﹣2)3∴f(16)=f(24)=﹣3×(﹣2)4=﹣48(2)由f(2x)=﹣2f(x).可得f(x)=﹣2f()当x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=x2﹣2x+2,那么:x∈(2,4]时,f(x)=﹣2f()=﹣2[)]=那么:x∈(4,8]时,f(x)=﹣2f()=﹣2[]=故得x∈(1,8]的解析式为f(x)=根据二次函数的性质,可得值域为[﹣4,﹣2)∪(1,2]∪(4,8].(3)(2)由f(2x)=﹣2f(x).可得f(x)=﹣2f()当x∈(1,2]时,f(x)=﹣||,得当x∈(2,22]时,f(x)=﹣2f()=|x﹣3|;当x∈(2n﹣1,2n]时,∈(1,2],f(x)=﹣2f()=(﹣2)n﹣1f()=(﹣1)n|x﹣3•2n﹣2|;当x∈(2n﹣1,2n]时,n为奇数时,f(x)=|x﹣3•2n﹣2|∈[,0]当x∈(2n﹣1,2n]时,n为偶数时,f(x)=﹣|x﹣3•2n﹣2|∈[0,]综上:n=1时,f(x)在(1,2]上最大值为0,最小值为n≥2,n为偶数时,f(x)在(1,2n]上最大值为,最小值为n≥3,n为奇数时,f(x)在(1,2n]上最小值为﹣,最大值为.【点评】本题以新定义为载体,主要考查了阅读、转化的能力,解决本题的关键是利用已知定义转化为函数的恒成立问题,结合二次函数的性质可进行求解.属于压轴题.21.(18分)已知数列{a n}中a1=1,前n项和为S n,若对任意的n∈N*,均有S n=a n+k ﹣k(k是常数,且k∈N*)成立,则称数列{a n}为“H(k)数列”.(1)若数列{a n}为“H(1)数列”,求数列{a n}的前n项和S n;(2)若数列{a n}为“H(2)数列”,且a2为整数,试问:是否存在数列{a n},使a n+1|≤40对一切n≥2,n∈N*恒成立?如果存在,求出这样数得|a﹣a n﹣1列{a n}的a2的所有可能值,如果不存在,请说明理由;(3)若数列{a n}为“H(k)数列”,且a1=a2=…=a k=1,证明:a n+2k≥(1)n ﹣k.【考点】8K:数列与不等式的综合.【专题】34:方程思想;54:等差数列与等比数列;59:不等式的解法及应用.【分析】(1)数列{a n}为“H(1)数列”,可得S n=a n+1﹣1,S n+1=a n+2﹣1,两式相减=2a n+1,又n=1时,a1=a2﹣1,可得a2=2=2a1.利用等比数列的通项公得:a n+2式可得a n,即可得出S n.(2)S n=a n+2﹣2,S n+1=a n+3﹣2,相减可得:a n+1=a n+3﹣a n+2,a n+1+a n+2=a n+3,n≥2时,a n+2=a n+1+a n(n≥2),n≥3时,﹣a n a n+2=﹣a n(a n+1+a n)=a n+1(a n+1﹣a n)﹣,可得:|﹣a n a n+2|=|a﹣a n﹣1a n+1|,|a﹣a n﹣1a n+1|=(n≥3),根据a4=a3+a2.可得|a﹣a n﹣1a n+1|=|﹣a2a3﹣|,由S1=a3﹣2,a1=1,可得:a3=3,可得≤40,且≤40.解得:a2.=S n+k,a n﹣1+k=S n﹣1+k(n≥2),可得:a n+k=a n+k﹣1+a n,a k+1=S1+k>0,由归(3)a n+k>0,……,a n>0,a1=a2=……=a k=1,a k+1=k+1,由归纳知,a n≤a n+1.纳知,a k+2=a n+k﹣1+a n≤a n+k﹣1+a n+k﹣1=2a n+k﹣1,n≥2,a n+k≤2a n+k﹣1,n≥2,可得a n+k a n+k+1则a n+k≥……≥a n+2k﹣1(n∈N*),于是:a n+2k≥≥a n+k+2a2k.a2k=S k+k=2k,进而得到:a n+2k≥(1)n﹣k.【解答】(1)解:数列{a n}为“H(1)数列”,则S n=a n+1﹣1,可得:S n+1=a n+2﹣1,=2a n+1,两式相减得:a n+2又n=1时,a1=a2﹣1,∴a2=2=2a1.故a n=2a n,对任意的n∈N*恒成立,+1故数列{a n}为等比数列,其通项公式为a n=2n﹣1,n∈N*.∴S n=2n﹣1.(2)解:S n=a n+2﹣2,S n+1=a n+3﹣2,相减可得:a n+1=a n+3﹣a n+2,a n+1+a n+2=a n+3,n≥2时,a n+2=a n+1+a n(n≥2),∴n≥3时,﹣a n a n+2=﹣a n(a n+1+a n)=a n+1(a n+1﹣a n)﹣=a n+1a n﹣1﹣.则|﹣a n a n+2|=|a﹣a n﹣1a n+1|,a n+1|=(n≥3),∵a4=a3+a2.则|a﹣a n﹣1∴|a﹣a na n+1|=|﹣a2a3﹣|,﹣1∵S1=a3﹣2,a1=1,可得:a3=3,∴≤40,且≤40.解得:a2=0,±1,±2,±3,±4,5,﹣6.=S n+k,a n﹣1+k=S n﹣1+k(n≥2),可得:a n+k=a n+k﹣1+a n,a k+1=S1+k>0,(3)证明:a n+k由归纳知,a k>0,……,a n>0,+2a1=a2=……=a k=1,a k+1=k+1,由归纳知,a n≤a n+1.则a n=a n+k﹣1+a n≤a n+k﹣1+a n+k﹣1=2a n+k﹣1,n≥2,+ka n+k≤2a n+k﹣1,n≥2,a n+k+1≥a n+k+2≥……≥a n+2k﹣1(n∈N*),∴a n+k于是:a n=a n+2k﹣1+a n+k≥(1+)a n+2k﹣1(n∈N*),+2k于是:a n≥a2k.+2ka2k=S k+k=2k,≥•2k>(2k>).∴a n+2k∴a n≥(1)n﹣k.+2k【点评】本题考查了等差数列与等比数列的通项公式求和公式、数列递推关系、放缩方法、不等式的性质,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于难题.。
上海市浦东新区2018年中考二模语文试卷(含详细答案)
上海市浦东新区2018年中考二模语文试卷(含详细答案)2018年浦东新区中考二模语文试卷一、文言文(40分)一)默写(15分)1.当年万里觅封侯,红旗半卷西风。
(《诉衷情》)2.窈窕淑女,君子好逑。
(《诗经·国风·周南·关雎》)3.人生自古谁无死,留取___。
(《离骚》)4.只有香如故,何须怨别离。
(《长恨歌》)5.盖一岁之犯死者___,皆因饥饿耳。
(《捕蛇者说》) 二)阅读下面的诗,完成6-7题(4分)山居秋暝题破山寺后禅院空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
清晨入古寺,初日照高林。
___间照,清泉石上流。
竹径通幽处,禅房花木深。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
山光悦鸟性,___人心。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
万籁此俱寂,但___。
6.《山居秋暝》写的是雨后傍晚的景色,而《题破山寺后禅院》则写的是清晨的景色。
(2分)7.下列理解不正确的一项是(C)(2分)A.两首诗都描写了幽深宁静的山间风光。
B.两首诗都表达了追求清净隐逸的思想。
C.两首诗都以有声衬无声表现山林之静。
D.两首诗都在尾联含蓄委婉地点明了题旨。
三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)___,担中肉尽,止有剩骨。
途中两狼,缀行甚远。
___,投以骨。
一狼得骨止,一狼仍从。
复投之,后狼止而前狼又至。
骨已尽矣,而两狼之并驱如故。
___,恐前后受其敌。
___有麦场,场主积薪其中,苫蔽成丘。
___奔倚其下,弛担持刀。
狼不敢前,眈眈相向。
少时,一狼径去,其一犬坐于前。
久之,目似瞑,意暇甚。
___起,以刀劈狼首,又数刀毙之。
方欲行,转视积薪后,一狼洞其中,意将隧入以攻其后也。
身已半入,止露尻尾。
屠自后断其股,亦毙之。
乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌。
狼亦黠矣,而顷刻两毙,禽兽之变诈几何哉?止增笑耳。
8.上文选自《庄子》一书,作者是___。
(2分)9.翻译文中画线句:“骨已尽矣,而两狼之并驱如故。
”(3分)10.下列理解不恰当的一项是(D)(4分)A.上文中对屠户的心理描写体现了他的机智与勇敢。
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2018年浦东新区初三数学二模(时间:100分钟,满分:150分)2018.5一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.下列代数式中,单项式是 (A )x1; (B )0; (C )1+x ; (D )x . 2.下列代数式中,二次根式n m +的有理化因式可以是 (A )n m +; (B )n m -;(C )n m +; (D )n m -.3.已知一元二次方程0122=-+x x ,下列判断正确的是(A )该方程有两个不相等的实数根; (B )该方程有两个相等的实数根; (C )该方程没有实数根; (D )该方程的根的情况不确定.4.某运动员进行射击测试,共射靶6次,成绩记录如下:8.5,9.0,10,8.0,9.5,10,在下列各统计量中,表示这组数据离散程度的量是 (A )平均数; (B ) 众数; (C ) 方差; (D ) 频率. 5.下列y 关于x 的函数中,当0>x 时,函数值y 随x 的值增大而减小的是(A )2x y = ;(B )22+=x y ; (C )3x y =; (D )xy 1=. 6.已知四边形ABCD 中,AB //CD ,AC=BD ,下列判断中正确..的是 (A )如果BC=AD ,那么四边形ABCD 是等腰梯形;(B )如果AD //BC ,那么四边形ABCD 是菱形; (C )如果AC 平分BD ,那么四边形ABCD 是矩形; (D )如果AC ⊥BD ,那么四边形ABCD 是正方形. 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 7.计算:=⋅ba ab 232 ▲ . 8.因式分解:=-224y x ▲ . 9.方程312=-x 的解是 ▲ .10.如果将分别写着“幸福”、“奋斗”的两张纸片,随机放入“■都是■出来的”中的两个■内(每个■只放一张纸片),那么文字恰好组成“幸福都是奋斗出来的”概率是 ▲ .11. 已知正方形的边长为2cm,那么它的半径长是▲ cm.12.某市种植60亩树苗,实际每天比原计划多种植3亩树苗,因此提前一天完成任务,求原计划每天种植多少亩树苗.设原计划每天种植x亩树苗,根据题意可列出关于x的方程▲ .13.近年来,出境旅游成为越来越多中国公民的假期选择.将2017年某小区居民出境游的不同方式的人次情况画成扇形图和条形图,如图1所示.那么2017年该小区居民出境游中跟团游的人数为▲ .14.如图2,在□ABCD中,E是BC中点,AE交BD于点F,如果=,那么AF= ▲ (用向量表示).15.在南海阅兵式上,某架“直-8”型直升飞机在海平面上方1200米的点A处,测得其到海平面观摩点B的俯角为︒60,此时点A、B之间的距离是▲ 米.16.如图3,已知在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AD=AB=DC=3,BC=6,将△ABD绕着点D逆时针旋转,使点A落在点C处,点B落在点B'处,那么BB'= ▲ .17.如果抛物线C:)0(2≠++=acbxaxy与直线l:)0(≠+=kdkxy都经过y轴上一点P,且抛物线C的顶点Q在直线l上,那么称此直线l与该抛物线C具有“点线和谐”关系.如果直线1+=mxy与抛物线nxxy+-=22具有“点线和谐”关系,那么=+nm▲ .18. 已知1l∥2l,1l、2l之间的距离是3cm,圆心O到直线1l的距离是1cm,如果⊙O与直线1l、2l有三个公共点,那么圆O的半径为▲ cm.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(本题满分10分)计算:1-312127-2-18)(++.图2图1图3图 5图420.(本题满分10分)解不等式组⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+≤-->612163x x x x , ,并把它的解集在数轴(如图4)上表示出来.21.(本题满分10分)如图5,已知AB 是⊙O 的直径,弦CD 交AB 于点E ,30=∠CEA ,OE =4,DE =35.求弦CD 及⊙O 的半径长.22.(本题满分10分,其中第(1)小题5分,第(2)小题5分)某市为鼓励市民节约用气,对居民管道天然气实行两档阶梯式收费.年用天然气量310立方米及以下为第一档;年用天然气量超出310立方米为第二档.某户应交天然气费y (元)与年用天然气量x (立方米)的关系如图6所示,观察图像并回答下列问题:(1)年用天然气量不超过310立方米时,求y 关于x 的函数解析式(不写定义域); (2)小明家2017年天然气费为1029元,求小明家2017年使用天然气量.23.(本题满分12分,其中第(1)小题5分,第(2)小题7分)已知:如图7,在正方形ABCD 中,点E 为边AB 的中点,联结DE .点F 在DE 上,且CF=CD ,过点F 作FG ⊥FC 交AD 于点G . (1)求证:GF=GD ;(2)联结AF ,求证:AF ⊥DE .图6 x 1 2 3 4 5 –1 –2 –3 –4 –5 O 图5图724.(本题满分12分,每小题4分)已知平面直角坐标系xOy(如图8),二次函数y=ax2+bx+4的图像经过A(-2,0)、B(4,0)两点,与y轴交于点C点.(1)求这个二次函数的解析式;(2)如果点E在线段OC上,且∠CBE=∠ACO,求点E的坐标;(3)点M在y轴上,且位于点C上方,点N在直线BC上,点P为上述二次函数图像的对称轴...上的点,如果以C、M、N、P为顶点的四边形是菱形,求点M的坐标.25.(本题满分14分,其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题5分,第(3)小题5分)如图9,已知在△ABC 中,AB=AC ,21tan =B ,BC =4,点E 是在线段BA 延长线上一点,以点E 为圆心,EC 为半径的圆交射线BC 于点C 、F (点C 、F 不重合),射线EF 与射线AC 交于点P .(1)求证:AC AP AE ⋅=2;(2)当点F 在线段BC 上,设CF =x ,△PFC 的面积为y ,求y 关于x 的函数解析式及定义域; (3)当21=EF FP 时,求BE 的长.备用图图9一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分) 1.B ; 2.C ; 3.A ; 4.C ; 5.D ; 6.C .二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 7.22ab ;8.()()y x y x 22-+; 9.5=x ;10.21;11.2;12.136060=+-x x ; 13.24; 14.a32; 15.3800;16.9;17.0;18.2或4.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.解:原式23-1-222++=.…………………………………………………(8分) 2-23=.………………………………………………………………(2分)20. 解:3611.26x x x x >-⎧⎪-+⎨≤⎪⎩,由①得:62->x .…………………………………………………………(2分)解得3->x .…………………………………………………………(1分)由②得:11-3+≤x x )(.……………………………………………………(1分) 133+≤-x x .……………………………………………………(1分)42≤x .解得2≤x .……………………………………………………………(1分) ∴原不等式组的解集为23-≤<x .…………………………………(2分)…………………………………(2分)21. 解:OD M CD OM O ,联结于点作过点⊥.……………………………………(1分) ∵,︒=∠30CEA∴︒=∠=∠30CEA OEM .…………………………………(1分)在Rt △OEM 中,∵OE =4,∴221==OE OM ,3223430cos =⨯=⋅=︒OE EM .(2分) ∵35=DE ,∴33=-=EM DE DM .…………(1分) ∵CD OM OM ⊥过圆心,,∴DM CD 2=.…………(2分) ∴36=CD .……………………………………………(1分) ∵,,332==DM OM∴在Rt △DOM 中,()313322222=+=+=DM OM OD .……(1分)∴ 弦CD 的长为36,⊙O 的半径长为31.……………………………(1分)① ②22.解:(1)设)0(≠=k kx y .…………………………………………………………(1分) ∵)0(≠=k kx y 的图像过点(310,930),……………………………(1分) ∴,k 310930=∴3=k .…………………………………………………(2分)∴ x y 3=.…………………………………………………………… (1分) (2)设)0(≠+=k b kx y .………………………………………………………(1分) ∵ )0(≠+=k b kx y 的图像过点(310,930)和(320,963),∴ ⎩⎨⎧=+=+63.9320930310b k b k , ∴ ⎩⎨⎧-== 3.93.3b k ,……………………………………………………………(1分) ∴933.3-=x y .…………………………………………………………(1分) 当3401029933.31029==-=x x y ,解得时,.……………………(1分) 答:小明家2017年使用天然气量为340立方米.……………………(1分)23.证明:(1)∵是正方形四边形ABCD ,∴︒=∠90ADC .………(1分)∵FG ⊥FC , ∴∠GFC = 90°. …………………………(1分)∵,CD CF = ∴∠CDF =∠CFD .………………………(1分) ∴∠GFC -∠CFD =∠ADC -∠CDE ,即∠GFD =∠GDF .(1分) ∴GF =GD .………………………………………………(1分)(2)联结CG .∵,,GD GF CD CF == ∴的中垂线上在线段、点FD C G .……(1分)∴GC ⊥DE ,∴∠CDF +∠DCG = 90°,∵∠CDF +∠ADE = 90°,∴∠DCG =∠ADE .∵是正方形四边形ABCD ,∴AD =DC ,∠DAE =∠CDG = 90°,∴△DAE ≌△CDG .……………………………………………………(1分)∴DG AE =.………………………………………………………… (1分)∵的中点,是边点AB E ∴的中点,是边点AD G∴GF GD AG ==.……………………………………………………(1分) ∴,,GFD GDF AFG DAF ∠=∠∠=∠………………………………(1分)∵,︒=∠+∠+∠+∠180GDF GFD AFG DAF ……………………(1分) ∴,︒=∠+∠18022GFD AFG ∴∠AFD = 90°,即AF ⊥DE .…………………………………………(1分) 证法2:(1)联结CG 交ED 于点H .∵是正方形四边形ABCD ,∴︒=∠90ADC .…………………………(1分)∵FG ⊥FC ,∴∠GFC = 90°.……………………………………………(1分) 在Rt △C FG 与Rt △CDG 中,⎩⎨⎧==.CG CG CD CF ,…………………………………………………………… (1分) ∴Rt △CFG ≌Rt △CDG .………………………………………………(1分)∴GD GF =.…………………………………………………………(1分) (2)∵,,GD GF CD CF ==∴的中垂线上在线段、点FD C G . ……………………………… (1分) ∴FH=HD ,GC ⊥DE ,∴∠EDC +∠DCH = 90°,∵∠ADE +∠EDC= 90°,∴∠ADE =∠DCH .……………………………………………………(1分) ∵是正方形四边形ABCD ,∴AD=DC =AB ,∠DAE =∠CDG= 90°,∵GDC EAD DC AD DCH ADE ∠=∠=∠=∠,,.∴△ADE ≌△DCG .……………………………………………………(1分)∴DG AE =.…………………………………………………………(1分)∵的中点,是边点AB E ∴的中点,是边点AD G∵的中点,是边点FD H ∴GH 是△AFD 的中位线.………………(1分) ∴,AF GH //∴,GHD AFD ∠=∠∵GH ⊥FD ,∴∠GHD = 90°,………………………………………(1分)∴∠AFD = 90°,即AF ⊥DE .………………………………………(1分) 24.解:(1)∵ 抛物线42++=bx ax y 与x 轴交于点A (-2,0),B (4,0),∴ ⎩⎨⎧=++=+.04416042-4b a b a ;…………………………………………………(1分) 解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==.121-b a ;…………………………………………………………(2分)∴ 抛物线的解析式为421-2++=x x y .……………………………(1分) (2)H BC EH E 于点作过点⊥.在Rt △ACO 中, ∵A (-2,0),∴ OA =2, 4421-02=++==x x y x 时,当,∴OC=4,在Rt △C OB 中,∵∠COB=90°,OC=OB=4,∴2445==∠︒BC OCB ,.∵BC EH ⊥,∴CH=EH .∴在Rt △ACO 中,21tan ==∠CO AO ACO …………………………(1分)∵∠CBE=∠ACO ,∴在Rt △EBH 中,1tan 2EH EBH BH ∠==. 设k BH k k EH 2)0(=>=,则,CH=k,CE =. ∴243==+=k HB CH CB . ∴,324=k ……………………………………………………………(1分) ∴,38=CE ………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴,34=EO ∴),(340E .………………………………………………(1分)(3)∵ A (-2,0),B (4,0),∴抛物线的对称轴为直线x =1.………………………………………(1分)①的边时,为菱形当MCNP MC ∴,PN CM //∴∠PNC =∠NCO =45°. ∵点P 在二次函数的对称轴上,∴,的横坐标为点1P 1的横坐标为点N . ∴245sin 1==︒CN . ∵是菱形,四边形MCNP ∴,2==CN CM∴,24+=+=CM OC OM∴)240(+,M .……………………………………………………(1分) ②的边时,不存在为菱形当MCPN MC .……………………(1分)③的对角线时,为菱形当MNCP MC,于点交设Q CM NP ∴互相垂直平分,、NP CM∴1==QP NQ .,QC MQ =∵上,在直线点BC N ∠NCM =∠OCB=45°.PM CEH F B A 在Rt △CQN 中,∴∠NCQ =∠CNQ=45°,∴,1==CQ QN ∴1MQ CQ ==,∴,2=CM ∴,624=+=+=CM OC OM∴ M (0,6).………………………………………………………(1分) ∴综上所述)240(+,M 或 M (0,6).25.证明:(1)∵,AC AB =∴∠B =∠ACB . ∵,EC EF =∴∠EFC =∠ECF .…………………………………(1分)∵,BEF B EFC ∠+∠=∠又∵,ACE ACB ECF ∠+∠=∠ ∴∠BEF =∠ACE .………………………………………………(1分) ∵是公共角,EAC ∠∴△AEP ∽△ACE .……………………………………………(1分) ∴,AEAPAC AE =∴AC AP AE ⋅=2.……………………………(1分) (2)∵∠B =∠ACB ,∠ECF =∠EFC , ∴△ECB ∽△PFC .∴2⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=∆∆CB FC S S ECB PFC .………………………………………………(1分)E EH CF H ⊥过点做于点,∵,经过圆心,CF EH EH ⊥∴x FC CH 2121==.∴x BH 214-=.…………………………(1分) 在Rt △BEH 中,∵,21tan ==∠BH EH B ∴x EH 41-2=. ∴x x EH BC S ECB 214)412(42121-=-⨯⨯=⋅=∆.…………(1分) ∴24214⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=-x x y .∴)40(32832<<-=x x x y .………………………………………(2分) (3) ①上时,在线段当点BC F∵,21=EF FP第 11 页 共 11 页 A B FE C P ∴,21==EC PE EF PE ∵△AEP ∽△ACE . ∴,EC PE AC AE = ∴12AE AC =.……………………………………………………(1分) M BC AM A ,垂足为点作过点⊥.∵,AC AB =,4=BC ∴,221==BC BM 在Rt △ABM 中,∵,21tan =∠B∴1AM AB AC ==,…(1分) ∴,25=AE ∴253=BE .………………………………………(1分) ②F BC 当点在线段延长线上时,∵∠EFC =∠ECF ,EFC FCP P ∠=∠+∠, ECF B BEC ∠=∠+∠.又∵B ACB ACB FCP ∠=∠∠=∠,,∴∠B =∠FCP .∴∠P =∠BEC .∵是公共角,EAC ∠∴△AEP ∽△ACE ,∴,ECPE AC AE = ∵,21=EF FP ∴32PE PE EF EC ==,∴32AE AC =………(1分) ∴255=BE .………………(1分) 综上所述,253=BE.。