Unit 2 Engine construction

剑桥英语第二单元 unit 2

Starting a sentece
• Well....... • By the way,...... • U know what.
Page13
Extension
• • • • • • 无语 What the heck! 伤不起 tiptoe around them 吐槽 trash talk
• heck[hek](hell 地狱，见鬼的委婉说法） • tiptoe[ˈt ɪpˈtə ʊ] 垫着脚尖 • trash[træʃ]vt.废弃
• Andrea[andriə]安德里亚 • Thomas CookTravel 托马斯 ·库克旅行公司Hambergur Heaven 汉堡天堂 • University of Texas德克萨斯大学 • New York School of Music 美国音乐学院
Extension
• 晕 You are killing me! • 淡定 chill out[tʃil aut]
• 得瑟 • You thin• 低调 • keep it down
Page 11-12
• • • • • • biography[baiˈ ɔɡrəfi]n.传记；档案 gym[dʒim]n.健身房；体育馆； midnight[ˈmidnait]n. 子夜，午夜； exactly[ɪgˈzæktli:] adv. 精确地；确切地； announcer[əˈna ʊnsə]n.n.宣告者；播音员 report[riˈp ɔ:t] n.报告；vt.& vi.报道；公布；宣告 recognize[ˈrekə ɡnaiz]vt.认出；识别；承认 weekend[ˈwi:kˈend]n. 周末 daily[ˈdeili]adj. 每日的，日常的；n.日报； schedule[ˈ ʃedju:əl][ˈsk ɛdʒəl] n.时刻表，进度表；

《建筑英语》课件unit 2Construction Engineering

English for Architecture
Unit 2 Construction Engineering
Read to Know
Construction Engineering 建筑施工
All civil engineering projects have four distinct phases: planning, designing, construction and operation. The construction phase turns the project design into reality and the civil engineering contractor is responsible for the construction work. His overall objective is to complete the construction work efficiently within an estimated time to maximize his profits on the contract.
现场准备包括移走和清理拟建场地地表上所有的建筑和生长物。对于小型建筑和树木采用推土机即
可，大型建筑必须拆除。
Unit 2 Construction Engineering
Earthmoving This includes excavation and the placement of earth fill. Excavation follows preparation of the site, and is performed when the existing grade must be brought down to a new elevation. Excavation generally starts with the separate stripping of the organic topsoil, which is later reused for landscaping around the new structure. Excavation may be done by any several excavaters, such as shovels, draglines, clamshells, cranes, scrapers .

《汽车专业英语》新课件

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《新编汽车专业英语(第3版)》Unit 2-Passage A

• It can be divided into three parts: crown, ring groove and skirt (see Fig.2-4).
• Its reciprocating movements in the cylinder transform the energy of the expanding gases into mechanical energy．
• Crankshaft and flywheel group includes the • following components (see Fig. 2-5):
• Crankshaftis one of the most important parts in the engine．
• It is held in the crankcase in the cylinder block and converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotary motion for the drive wheels．
Unit Two Engine Construction
Passage A Crank Mechanism and Its Main
Components
• Crank mechanism is one of the major motion mechanisms of the engine．
• Its function is to transform the reciprocating movement of pistons into rotary movement of the crankshaft, offering torque to make the drive wheels turn (see Fig.2-1).

汽车专业术语中英文词汇对照表

汽车专业英语汇总一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.1 Car 轿车1.2 Bus 客车1.3 Motor truck 货车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能2.3 engine position 发动机布置三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸四、Wheel alignment前轮定位五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径第二类ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造二、Essential term 基本术语三、Engine operation principle发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理四、Engine performance 发动机性能曲柄连杆机构5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system汽油机供油泵 7.1 Fuel system 供油泵7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器7.5 Carburetor 化油器7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector电动汽油泵,喷油器7.10 Sensor 传感器八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机工友系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵8.4 Injection 喷油器8.5 Speed governor 调速器九、Exhaust system 排气系统十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器十二、Engine-cooling system 发动机冷却机12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系12.2 Radiator 传感器12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系十三、Engine-lubrication system发动机润滑系13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑13.2 Oil pump 机油泵13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器发动机点火系14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈14.4 Distributor 分电器14.5 Spark plug 火花塞14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火十五、Engine-starting system发动机起动系15.1 Starting system 起动系15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机十六、New type engines 新型发动机16.1 Rotary piston engine 旋转活塞发动机16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机16.3 Stirling engine 斯特林发动机（热气机）第三类CHASSIS 底盘一、Drive line 传动系1.1 Layout of drive line 传动系示意图1.2 Friction clutch 摩擦离合器1.3 Hydrodynamic coupling 液力偶合器1.4 Gearbox-housing 变速器外壳1.5 Gearbox-gearing 变速器齿轮传动1.6 Gearbox-gear-shift 变速器换档机构1.7 Automatic transmission 自动变速器1.8 Transfer case 分动器1.9 Cardan shaft 万向传动器1.10 Flexible coupling 挠性联轴节1.11 Constant-velocity joint 等速万向节1.12 Drive axle 驱动桥1.13 Final drive 主减速器1.14 differential 差速器1.15 Half-axle,rear axle housing二、Running gear 行驶系2.1 Layout of main components 主要组成示意图2.2 Frame 车架2.3 Front axle 前桥2.4 Wheel 车轮2.5 Tire 轮胎2.6 Tire type 轮胎类型2.7 Front wheel independent suspension前轮独立悬架 2.8 Rear wheel independent suspension后轮独立悬架 2.9 Leaf spring 钢板弹簧2.10 Air suspension 空气悬架2.11 Hydro-pneumatic spring 液压充气弹簧2.12 Telescopic hydraulic shock absorber伸缩式液压减振器2.13 Cam hydraulic shock absorber凸轮式液压减振器21三、Steering system 转向系Mechanical steering system 机械转向系3.2 Power steering system 动力转向系3.3 Steering mechanism 转向机构3.4 Steering gear 转向器3.5 Power steering 动力转向3.6 steering linkage 转向杆系22四、 Braking system 制动系4.1 Braking principles 制动原理4.2 Drum brake 鼓式制动器4.2 Drum brake4.4 Hand brake 手制动器（parking brake 驻车制动器）4.5 hydraulic brake system 液压制动系234.6 Brake master cylinder,Wheel cylinder制动主缸，制动轮缸4.7 Compressed-air brake system 气压制动系4.8 Anti-lock braking system 防抱死制动系第四类、BODY AND ACCESSORIES 车身及附属装置一、Car body 轿车车身二、All-steel body 全钢车身三、Car door 轿车车门四、Bus body 大客车车身2425五、Truck body 货车车身六、Special-transport vehicle body专用汽车车身七、Cab 驾驶室八、Drivers place 驾驶员位置九、Instrument panel 仪表板十、Seat,Safety belt 座椅，安全带26十一、Air conditioning 空调十二、Compressor 压缩机十三、Lighting 照明十四、Head Lamp 前大灯27十五、Turnsignal lamp 转向灯十六、Windshield wiper 风窗刮水器十七、Wiper-washer equipment刮水器-洗涤器装置十八、Horn 喇叭十九、Tools 工具282930。

大学汽车专业英语

The head is essentially a flat plate of metal bolted to the top of the cylinder block with a gasket in between. See figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4a Cylinder head(from side)
magnesium [mæg'ni:zjəm] n. 镁 surface ['sə:fis] n. 表面，平面表面， precision [pri'si ən] a. 精确的 mate [meit] v. 使……配对，使……一致配对，配对一致 bolte [bEult] v. 用螺栓连接，用螺栓固定用螺栓连接， gasket ['gæskit] n. 衬垫，垫圈衬垫， lobe [ləub] n. 圆突，凸起出部圆突， withstand [wið'stænd] v. 经得起 device [di'vais] n. 装置，设备装置， ignite [ig'nait] v. 点燃，使燃烧点燃， insulated ['insjuleitid] a. 绝缘的 electrode [i'lektrəud] n. 电极 ignition [ig'niʃən] n. 点火，着火点火， ʃ voltage ['vəultidV] n. 电压 volt [vɔlt] n. 伏特 ɔ
Phrases and Expressions
internal combustion engine 内燃机 consists of 由……组成组成 cylinder block 汽缸体 cylinder head 汽缸盖 spark plug 火花塞 piston ring 活塞环 oil pan 油底壳 valve spring 气门弹簧 overhead cam engine 顶置凸轮轴发动机 flat plate 平板

汽车专业英语

《汽车专业英语》教学大纲一、课程说明课程编号：0710045参考学分：2~3学分参考学时：32~42学时（理论学时：32~42学时；实践学时：0学时）课程管理系部：机电工程系汽车教研室适用专业：汽车类各专业曾用名：专业英语二、教学性质和任务课程性质：本课程是职业技术学院汽车运用技术专业的一门专业课程。

课程任务：使学生熟悉本专业的英语词汇及用法，辅助学生对汽车专业课程的学习，培养学生的英语阅读能力和翻译能力，以便更好地直接从国外资料中获取新的知识和信息。

三、课程教学目标1、熟悉汽车专业的英语词汇及用法2、加深对汽车构造的知识3、培养学生的英语阅读能力和翻译能力4、能够独立直接从国外资料中获取新的知识和信息四、教学内容和要求（一）理论教学第一部分Engine Operating Principles内容：（1）发动机的定义、分类、基本术语；（2）发动机的工作原理。

要求：（1）掌握发动机的定义、分类、基本术语；（2）理解发动机的工作原理第二部分Engine Construction内容：（1）发动机的总体构造要求：（1）熟悉发动机的总体构造第三部分Engine Ignition System and Starting System内容：（1）发动机的点火系和起动系的构造及工作原理要求：（1）掌握系组成点火系和起动系的主要部件构造及工作原理（2）识记各部件的名称第四部分Carburetor and Electric Fuel Injection内容：（1）化油器和电子燃油喷射系统的结构及工作原理要求：（1）了解现代化油器的基本构造，了解化油器的工作原理和结构（2）了解汽油直接喷射的特点、装置的组成和工作原理第五部分The Power Train内容：（1）汽车的传动系统的作用（2）离合器、减速器、万向传动装置的结构和作用要求：（1）了解汽车的传动系统的作用（2）了解离合器、减速器、万向传动装置的结构和作用第六部分Suspension System内容：（1）汽车悬挂系统的组成、作用及结构要求：（1）了解汽车悬挂系统的组成、作用及结构；（2）识记各部件的名称。

汽车发动机英语词汇

第二类 ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造序号英文中文1 rocker arm cover 摇臂罩2 valve rocker arm 气门摇臂3 camshaft 凸轮轴4 camshaft drive 凸轮轴驱动轮5 spark plug lead 火花塞导线6 timing belt cover 正时皮带罩7 valve spring 气门弹簧8 poppet valve 菌形气门9 piston 活塞10 connecting rod 连杆11 timing belt 正时皮带12 combustion chamber 燃烧室13 cylinder block 汽缸体14 water jacket 水套15 oil filter 机油滤清器16 flywheel 飞轮17 ring gear 齿圈18 oil gage 机油标尺19 oil pan/sump 油底壳20 crankshaft 曲轴21 drain plug 放油孔塞22 v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term 基本术语序号英文中文1 cylinder diameter 汽缸直径2 piston stroke 活塞行程3 crank radius 曲轴半径4 piston displacement 活塞排量5 compression chamber volume 压缩室容积6 total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积7 top dead center 上止点8 bottom dead center 下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intake stroke 进气行程2 compression stroke 压缩行程3 expansion stroke 膨胀行程4 exhaust stroke 排气行程5 combustible mixture 可燃混合气6 intake valve 进气门7 spark plug 火花塞8 exhaust valve 排气门9 exhaust gas 废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intake stroke 进气行程2 compression stroke 压缩行程3 expansion stroke 膨胀行程4 exhaust stroke 排气行程5 intake 进气6 compression 压缩7 combustion 燃烧8 expansion 膨胀9 exhaust 排气10 air 空气11 injector 喷油器12 exhaust gas 废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 combustible mixture 可燃混合气2 inlet port 进气口3 crankcase 曲轴箱4 precompressed mixture 预压混合气序号英文中文5 transfer canal 输气道6 intake port 进气口7 exhaust port 排气口8 exhaust gas 废气9 spark plug 火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理1 air 空气2 blower pump 扫气泵3 precompressed air 预压空气4 air chamber 空气室5 inlet port 进气口6 injector 喷油器7 exhaust valve 排气门8 exhaust gas 废气四、Engine performance 发动机性能序号英文中文1 fixed throttle characteristics 速度特性2 part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3 engine speed 转速4 torque 扭矩5 horsepower 功率6 specific fuel consumption 燃油消耗率五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组序号英文中文1 cylinder block 汽缸体2 cylinder liner 汽缸套3 cylinder bearing surface 汽缸套表面4 cylinder head 汽缸盖5 inlet manifold mountingflange 进气歧管凸缘6 oil inlet hole 加油孔7 cylinder head cover 汽缸盖罩序号英文中文8 cylinder head gasket 汽缸盖衬垫9 oil filter mounting flange 机油滤清器凸缘10 ventilating pipe mounting seat 通风管座11 cylinder block stiffeningrib 汽缸体加强肋12 rear main bearing cover 后主轴承罩13 main bearing cap 主轴承盖14 oil sump pan gasket 油底壳衬垫15 oil sump/pan 油底壳16 fuel pump mountingflange 燃油泵凸缘17 ignition distributor mounting flange 分电器凸缘18 camshaft bearing bushseat 凸轮轴轴承座19 camshaft drive(gear)cover 凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20 cylinder head covergasket 汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组序号英文中文1 connecting rod shank 连杆杆身2 connecting rod small end 连杆小头3 connecting rod bushing 连杆衬套4 spring clip 弹簧卡环5 piston pin 活塞销6 piston head 活塞头部7 piston ring groove 活塞环槽8 compression ring 压缩环9 oil scraper ring 油环10 piston skirt 活塞裙部11 piston pin boss 活塞销座12 connecting rod bearing halfshell 连杆轴瓦13 connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓14 connecting rod cap 连杆大头盖15 Connecting rod end 连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组序号英文中文1 crankshaft front end 曲轴前端2 front main journal 前主轴颈3 oil passage hole 机油孔4 crank pin 曲柄销5 crank web 曲柄臂6 counterweight 平衡重7 crankshaft collar 曲轴后端凸缘8 flywheel 飞轮9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10 flywheel lock plate 飞轮锁片11 clutch shaft bearing 离合器轴轴承12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lower) 主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲轴止推片14 bearing tang 轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 cam 凸轮3 tappet 气门挺杆4 side valve 侧置气门5 crankshaft timing gear 曲轴正时齿轮6 camshaft gear-wheel 凸轮轴齿轮7 gear drive 齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 camfollower 凸轮顶杆3 push rod 推杆4 adjuster 调整螺钉5 cocker shaft 摇臂轴6 rocker shaft 摇臂7 valve spring 气门弹簧序号英文中文8 valve 气门9 valve 气道10 combustion chamber 燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft front bearing 凸轮轴前轴承2 valve head 气门头3 valve stem 气门杆4 tappet 挺筒5 lower valve spring collar 气门弹簧下环6 outer valve spring 外气门弹簧7 valve guide 气门导管8 inner valve spring 内气门弹簧9 shielding cap 护帽10 oil flinger 油封11 upper valve spring collar 气门弹簧上环12 valve split cone 气门锁片13 closer 螺塞14 rocker shaft 摇臂轴15 rocker arm 摇臂16 rocker bracket 摇臂支座17 retaining washer 定位摇臂18 thrust washer 止推摇臂19 rocker adjusting screw 摇臂调整螺钉20 push rod 推杆21 camshaft rear bush 凸轮轴后轴承22 camshaft 凸轮轴23 camshaft center bush 凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24 cam 凸轮25 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图序号英文中文1 TDC（top dead center）上止点2 BDC(bottom dead center) 下止点3 intake opens 进气门开序号英文中文4 intake close 进气门关5 exhaust opens 排气门开6 exhaust closes 排气门关7 direction of rotation 旋转方向七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system 汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵序号英文中文1 fuel level gauge 油面指示表2 air cleaner 空气滤清器3 carburetor 化油器4 inlet manifold 进气歧管5 exhaust manifold 排气歧管6 fuel pump 汽油泵7 fuel filter 汽油滤清器8 exhaust silencer 排气消声器9 fuel pipe 油管10 fuel tank 汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器序号英文中文1 intake tube 进气管2 deflector knob 导流旋扭3 air deflector 空气导流器4 cleaner body 滤清器壳5 butterfly nut 蝶形螺帽6 filter cover 滤清器盖7 filter seal ring 滤清器密封环8 cleaner cartridge 滤清器滤芯9 silencer element 消声元件10 crankcase bleed pipe 曲轴箱通风管11 hot air pipe 热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器序号英文中文1 fuel pump base 汽油泵座2 diaphragm 膜片序号英文中文3 fuel inlet neck 汽油进口4 fuel pump body 汽油泵壳5 filter screen 滤清器网6 bowl cover 泵盖7 fuel feed port 汽油出口8 distance washer 调整间隔垫圈9 diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧10 rocker arm 摇臂11 fulcrum pin 杠杆支点销12 fuel filter 汽油滤清器13 filter body 滤清器壳14 filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯15 glass bowl 玻璃滤杯16 bowl retaining clip 滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器序号英文中文1 air cleaner 空气滤清器2 valve needle 针阀3 float 浮子4 nozzle 喷管5 chock tube 喉管6 throttle valve 节气门7 intake manifold 进气歧管8 metering jet 量孔9 float chamber 浮子室10 intake valve 进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器序号英文中文1 down-draft carburetor 下喷式化油器2 nozzle 喷管3 float chamber 浮子室4 choke tube 喉管5 throttle valve 节气门6 intake manifold 进气歧管7 two-barrel carburetor 双管化油器序号英文中文8 choke tube 喉管9 plug 旋塞10 filter gauze 滤清器金属丝网11 fFuel inlet port 进气门口12 valve seat 阀座13 valve needle 针阀14 float needle valve 浮子针阀15 float pivot pin 浮子销16 float 浮子17 float chamber 浮子室18 accelerator pump 加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件序号英文中文1 throttle lever 节气门杆2 pull lever 拉杆3 release lever 放松杆4 throttle valve spindle 节气门轴5 throttle valve 节气门6 main metering jet 主量孔7 idle metering jet 怠速量孔8 accelerator pump discharge nozzle 加速泵输出喷管9 ball valve 球阀10 emulsion pipe 泡沫管11 air jet 空气喷孔12 starting device jet 起动喷孔13 accelerator pump piston 加速泵活塞14 operating cam 操纵凸轮15 accerlerator pump lever 加速泵杆16 adjustable stop 可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件序号英文中文1 throttle control lever 节气门操纵杆2 connecting lever rod 连接拉杆3 cable wire 拉索序号英文中文4 connecting adaptor 连接杆5 cable hose 拉索软管6 cable grommet 拉索橡胶圈7 throttle control cablehandle 节气门操纵拉钮8 choke control cablehandle 阻风门操纵拉钮9 pedal lever bracket 踏板拉杆支架10 accelerator pedal 加速踏板11 accelerator pedal hinge 加速踏板铰链12 accelerator pedal mounting bracket 加速踏板安装支架13 flexible boot cap 挠性防尘护套14 roller 滚子15 accelerator pedal lever 加速踏板杠杆16 accelerator pedal return spring 加速踏板回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射序号英文中文1 fuel tank 汽油箱2 electric fuel pump 电动汽油泵3 fuel filter 燃油滤清器4 distributor pipe 分油管5 pressure regulator 压力调节器6 electronic control unit 电控单元7 injector 喷油器8 start valve 起动阀9 idle-speed adfusting screw 怠速调节螺钉10 throttle-valve switch 节气门开关11 throttle valve 节气门12 airflow sensor 空气流量计13 relay 继电器组14 oxygen sensor 氧传感器15 coolant-temperature sensor 冷却液温度传感器16 thermo time switch 温度时间开端17 distributor 分电器。

engines construction

Engine Construction -发动机构造英文翻译中文Engine Construction. In aluminum blocks, the manufacturer usually installs cast-iron or steal cylinder sleeves (liners). The water jackets are also cast into the block. Finally, the block has cast-in bores for both the camshaft and crankshaft.Many parts are also attached by fastening devices to the engine block. These items include the water pump, oil pan, the flywheel or clutch housing, the ignition distributor, oil and fuel pump, and the cylinder head.发动机构造对于铝制气缸体，制造商通常要在缸体内安装铸铁或钢制的缸套。

气缸体内还铸造有水套。

最后，气缸体内还有铸有用于安装凸轮轴和曲轴的内腔。

气缸体上还有许多通过紧固件安装的零件。

这些零件包括水泵、机油盘、飞轮/离合器壳、点火分电器、机油泵和燃油泵以及气缸盖。

（to be continued）======================Cylinder HeadThe cylinder head is bolted to the block. The manufacturer casts the cylinder head in one piece from iron, from iron alloyed with other metals, or from aluminum alloy. Aluminum has the advantage of combining lightness with rather high heat conductivity. Depending on the style of engine, the cylinder head serves many functions.PistonsThe engine manufacturer fits a piston into each cylinder of the engine. The piston is a movable part or plug that receives the pressure from the burning air/fuel mixture and converts this pressure into reciprocating (up-and-down) motion. Manufacturers make most engine pistons from aluminum, which is less than half the weight of iron. Iron pistons were common in early automotive engines.气缸盖气缸盖通过螺栓安装在气缸体上。

轮机英语教学课件(02) Diesel Engine Construction (I)

大型低速二冲程柴油机
Generator 发电机
What are the main parts of a diesel engine?
A diesel engine mainly consists of two parts: the moving parts and the fixed parts.
liners bolted together? 22. Why are there some holes on each
cylinder cover?
8. What is A-shaped frame also called? 9. What is there at the top of the A-frames? 10. How is the scavenging air box built? 11. What’s the function of the chain
PC cylinder liner
新型DS机气缸套
5. In the part of the cylinders inside the scavenging air box, there is a series of openings (known as scavenging air ports). Theses ports are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston when the piston is in the bottom dead center position.
Vocabulary
1. bedplate n. 机座
The main engine is fixed on the bedplate.

《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译

《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently.Since 1940 the chemical industry has grown at a remarkable rate,The chemical industry today is a very diverse sector of manufacturing industry, within which it plays a central role.2. Definition of the Chemical IndustryAt the turn of the century there would have been little difficulty in defining what constituted the chemical industry since only a very limited range of products was manufactured and these were clearly chemicalsIt is therefore apparent that, because of its diversity of operations and close links in many areas with other industries, there is no simple definition of the chemical industry.3. The Need for Chemical IndustryThe chemical industry is concerned with converting raw materials, such as crude oil, firstly into chemical intermediates and then into a tremendous variety of other chemicals. It may seem strange in textbook this one to pose the question “do we need a chemical industry?” However trying to answer this question will p rovide(ⅰ) an indication of the range of the chemical industry?s activities, (ⅱ) its influence on our lives in everyday terms, and (ⅲ) how great is society?s need for a chemical industry. Our approach in answering the question willbe to consider the industry?s co ntribution to meeting and satisfying our major needs. What are these? Clearly food (and drink) and health are paramount. Other which we shall consider in their turn are clothing and (briefly) shelter, leisure and transport.(1) Food. (2) Health. (3) Clothing.Parallel developments in the discovery of modern synthetic dyes and the technology to “bond” them to the fiber has resulted in a tremendous increase in the variety of colors available to the fashion designer.Other major advances in this sphere have been in color-fastness, i.e., resistance to the dye being washed out when the garment is cleaned.(4) Shelter, leisure and transport. In terms of shelter the contribution of modern synthetic polymers has been substantial.Plastics and polymers have made a considerable impact on leisure activities with applications ranging from all-weather artificial surfaces for athletic tracks, football pitches and tennis courts to nylon strings for racquets and items like golf balls and footballs made entirely from synthetic materials.Likewise the chemical industry?s contribution to transport over the years has led to majorimprovements.So it is quite apparent even from a brief look at the chemical industry?s contribution to meeting our major needs that life in the world would be very different without the products of the industry.4. Research and Development (R&D) in Chemical IndustriesOne of the main reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the developed world has been its great commitmentto, and investment in research and development (R&D).The chemical industry is a very high technology industry which takes full advantage of the latest advances in electronics and engineering.Individual manufacturing plants have capacities ranging from just a few tones per year in the fine chemicals area to the real giants in the fertilizer and petrochemical sectors which range up to 500,000 tonnes.The major chemical companies are truly multinational and operate their sales and marketing activities in most of the countries of the world, and they also have manufacturing units in a number of countries.Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly.1.Fundamental Research and Applied ResearchIn industry the primary reason for carting out R&D is economic and is to strengthen and improve the company?s position and profit ability.We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic,Fundamental research is typically associated with university research. It may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest and it will add to the total knowledge base but no immediate applications of it in the “real world” well be apparent.Aspects of synthesis could involve either developing new,more specific reagents for controlling particular functional group interconversions, i.e.2.Note, however, that there has been a major change in recent years as academicinstitutions have increasingly turned to industry for research funding,3.Types of Industrial Research and DevelopmentThe applied or more targeted type of research and development commonly carried out in industry can be of several types and we will briefly consider each. They are:(1)Product development. Product development includes not only the discovery and development of a new drug but also, for example, providing a new longer-active anti-oxidant additive to an automobile engine oil.(2) Process development. Process development covers not only developing a manufacturing process for an entirely new product but also a new process or route for an existing product.The ability of penicillin to prevent the onset of septicemia in battle wounds during the Second World War (1939～1945) resulted in an enormous demand for it to be produced in quantity.Process development for a new product depends on things such as the scale on which it is to be manufactured, the by-products formed and their removal/recovery, and required purity. Data will be acquired during this development stage using semi-technical plant (up to 100 liters capacity)Note that by-products can has a major influence on the economics of a chemical process. Phenol manufacture provides a striking example of this.A major part of the process development activity for a mew plant is to minimize, or ideally prevent by designing out, wasteproduction and hence possible pollution. The economic and environmental advantages of this are obvious.Finally it should be noted that process development requires a big team effort between chemists, chemical engineers, and electrical and mechanical engineers to be successful.（3) Process improvement. Process improvement relates to processes which are already operating. It may be a problem that has arisen and stopped production. In this situation there is a lot of pressure to find a solution as soon as possible so that productio n can restart, since …down time? costs money.down time: 故障期More commonly, however, process improvement will be directed at improving the profitability of the process.In recent years, however, the most important process improvement activity has been to reduce the environmental impact of the process, i.e.,Note, however, with a plant which has already been built and is operating there are usually only very limited physical changes which can be made to the plant to achieve the above aims. Hence the importance(4) Applications development. Clearly the discovery of new applications or uses for a product can increase or prolong its profitability.Emphasis has already been placed on the fact that chemicals are usually purchased for the effect, or particular use, or application which they have.3.Variations in R&D Activities across the Chemical IndustryBoth the nature and amount of R&D carried out varies significantly across the various sectors of the chemical industry.At the other end of the scale lie pharmaceuticals andpesticides (or plant protection products). Here there are immense and continuous efforts to synthesize new molecules which exert the desired,Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money--makingBy contrast, the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large (and expensive) equipment. Reactors can hold 1,000 gallons to 10,000 gallons or more.The chemical engineer is often involved in “scaling up” a chemist-developed small-scale reactor and separation system to a very large commercial plant.The chemical engineer must also work closely with mechanical, electrical, civil, and metallurgical engineers in order to design and operate the physical equipment in a plant--the reactors,1.To commercialize the laboratory chemistry, the chemical engineer is involved indevelopment, design, construction, operation, sales, and research.2.DevelopmentDevelopment is the intermediate step required in passing from a laboratory-size process to a commercial-size process.The chemical engineer works with the chemist and a team of other engineers to design, construct,Once the pilot plant is operational, performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate theprocess from an economic point of view.3.The pilot plant offers the opportunity to evaluate materials of construction, measurementtechniques, and process control strategies.4.DesignBased on the experience and data obtained in the laboratory and the pilot plant, a team of engineers is assembled to design the commercial plant.The design stage is really where the big bucks are spent. One typical chemical process might require a capital investment of $50 to $100 million.The product of the design stage is a lot of paper:(1) Flow sheets are diagrams showing all the equipment schematically, with all streams labeled and their conditions specified (flow rate, temperature, pressure, composition, viscosity, density, etc.)(2) P and I (Piping and Instrumentation) Drawings are drawings showing all pieces of equipment (including sizes, nozzle locations, and materials), all piping (including sizes, materials, and valves),5.(3) Equipment specification Sheets are sheets of detailed information on all theequipment precise dimensions, performance criteria, materials of construction, corrosion allowances, operating temperatures,6.ConstructionAfter the equipment manufacturers (vendors) have built the individual pieces of equipment, the pieces are shipped to the plant site (sometimes a challenging job of logistics, particularly for large vessels like distillation columns).After these initial activities, the major pieces of equipment and the steel superstructure are erected.This is usually a very exciting and rewarding time for most engineers. You are seeing your ideas being translated from paper into reality.Once the check-out phas e is complete, “startup” begins. Startup is the initial commissioning of the plant.The startup period can require a few days or a few moths, depending on the newness of the technology, the complexity of the process, and quality of the engineering that has gone into the design.The engineers are usually on shift work during the startup period. There is a lot to learn in a short time period7.ManufacturingChemical engineers occupy a central position in manufacturing. (or “operations” or “production,”Chemical engineers study ways to reduce operating costs by saving energy, cutting raw material consumption, and reducing production of off-specification products that require reprocessing.In addition to serving in plant technical service, many engineers have jobs as operating supervisors.8.Technical salesMany chemical engineers find stimulating and profitable careers in technical sales. As with other sales positions, The marketing of many chemicals requires a considerable amount of interaction between engineers in the company producing the chemical and engineers in the company using the chemicalWhen the sales engineer discovers problems that cannot behandled with confidence, he or she must be able to call on the expertise of specialists9.ResearchChemical engineers are engaged in many types of research. They work with the chemist in developing new or improved products.Research engineers are likely to be found in laboratories or at desks working on problems. They usually work as members of a team of scientists and engineers.Unit 4 Sources of chemicals化学物质的来源化学物质的数量多得惊人，其差异很大：所知道的化学物质的数量就达上千万种。

发动机专业英语

一、Engine construction发动机构造1. rocker arm cover 摇臂罩2. valve rocker arm 气门摇臂3. camshaft 凸轮轴4. camshaft drive 凸轮轴驱动轮5.spark plug lead 火花塞导线6. timing belt cover 正时皮带罩7. valve spring 气门弹簧8. poppet valve 菌形气门9. piston 活塞10. connecting rod 连杆11. timing belt 正时皮带12. combustion chamber 燃烧室13. cylinder block 汽缸体14. water jacket 水套15. oil filter 机油滤清器16. flywheel 飞轮17. ring gear 齿圈18.oil gage 机油标尺19. oil pan/sump 油底壳20. crankshaft 曲轴21. drain plug 放油孔塞22. v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term基本术语1. cylinder diameter 汽缸直径2. piston stroke 活塞行程3. crank radius 曲轴半径4. piston displacement 活塞排量5. compression chamber volume 压缩室容积6. total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积7. top dead center 上止点8. bottom dead center 下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1. Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理1. intake stroke 进气行程2. compression stroke 压缩行程3. expansion stroke 膨胀行程4. exhaust stroke 排气行程5. combustible mixture 可燃混合气6. intake valve 进气门7. spark plug 火花塞8. exhaust valve 排气门9. exhaust gas 废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理1. intake stroke 进气行程2. compression stroke 压缩行程3. expansion stroke 膨胀行程4. exhaust stroke 排气行程5. intake 进气6. compression 压缩7. combustion 燃烧8. expansion 膨胀9. exhaust 排气10. air 空气11. injector 喷油器12. exhaust gas 废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理1. combustible mixture 可燃混合气2. inlet port 进气口3. crankcase 曲轴箱4. precompressed mixture 预压混合气5. transfer canal 输气道6. intake port 进气口7. exhaust port 排气口8. exhaust gas 废气9. spark plug 火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理1. air 空气2. blower pump 扫气泵3. precompressed air 预压空气4. air chamber 空气室5. inlet port 进气口6. injector 喷油器7. exhaust valve 排气门8. exhaust gas 废气四、Engine performance发动机性能1. fixed throttle characteristics 速度特性2. part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3. engine speed 转速4. torque 扭矩5. horsepower 功率6. specific（特效药、详细的精确的） fuel consumption 燃油消耗率五．Crank connecting rodmechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组1. cylinder block 汽缸体2. cylinder liner 汽缸套3. cylinder bearing surface 汽缸套表面4. cylinder head 汽缸盖发动机5. inlet manifold mountingflange 进气歧管凸缘6. oil inlet hole 加油孔7. cylinder head cover 汽缸盖罩8. cylinder head gasket 汽缸盖衬垫9. oil filter mounting flange 机油滤清器凸缘10. ventilating pipe mounting seat 通风管座11. cylinder block stiffeningrib 汽缸体加强肋12. rear main bearing cover 后主轴承罩13. main bearing cap 主轴承盖14. oil sump pan gasket 油底壳衬垫15. oil sump/pan 油底壳16. fuel pump mountingflange 燃油泵凸缘17. ignition distributor mounting f lange 分电器凸缘18. camshaft bearing bushseat 凸轮轴轴承座19. camshaft drive(gear)cover 凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20. cylinder head covergasket 汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组1. connecting rod shank 连杆杆身2. connecting rod small end 连杆小头3. connecting rod bushing 连杆衬套4. spring clip 弹簧卡环5. piston pin 活塞销6. piston head 活塞头部7. piston ring groove 活塞环槽8. compression ring 压缩环9. oil scraper ring 油环10. piston skirt 活塞裙部11. piston pin boss 活塞销座12. connecting rod bearing halfsh ell 连杆轴瓦13. connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓14. connecting rod cap 连杆大头盖15. Connecting rod end 连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组1. crankshaft front end 曲轴前端2. front main journal 前主轴颈3. oil passage hole 机油孔4. crank pin 曲柄销5. crank web 曲柄臂6 counterweight 平衡重7 crankshaft collar 曲轴后端凸缘8 flywheel 飞轮9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10 flywheel lock plate 飞轮锁片11 clutch shaft bearing 离合器轴轴承12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lower) 主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲轴止推片14 bearing tang 轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 cam 凸轮3 tappet 气门挺杆4 side valve 侧置气门5 crankshaft timing gear 曲轴正时齿轮6 camshaft gear-wheel 凸轮轴齿轮7 gear drive 齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 camfollower 凸轮顶杆3 push rod 推杆4 adjuster 调整螺钉5 rocker shaft 摇臂轴6 rocker shaft 摇臂7 valve spring 气门弹簧8 valve 气门9 valve 气道10 combustion chamber 燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门1 camshaft front bearing 凸轮轴前轴承2 valve head 气门头3 valve stem 气门杆4 tappet 挺筒5 lower valve spring collar 气门弹簧下环6 outer valve spring 外气门弹簧7 valve guide 气门导管8 inner valve spring 内气门弹簧9 shielding cap 护帽10 oil flinger 油封11 upper valve spring collar 气门弹簧上环12 valve split cone 气门锁片13 closer 螺塞14 rocker shaft 摇臂轴15 rocker arm 摇臂16 rocker bracket 摇臂支座17 retaining washer 定位摇臂18 thrust washer 止推摇臂19 rocker adjusting screw 摇臂调整螺钉20 push rod 推杆21 camshaft rear bush 凸轮轴后轴承22 camshaft 凸轮轴23 camshaft center bush 凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24 cam 凸轮25 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图1 TDC（top dead center）上止点2 BDC(bottom dead center) 下止点3 intake opens 进气门开4 intake close 进气门关5 exhaust opens 排气门开6 exhaust closes 排气门关7 direction of rotation 旋转方向七、Gasoline engine-fuel s ystem汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵1 fuel level gauge 油面指示表2 air cleaner 空气滤清器3 carburetor 化油器4 inlet manifold 进气歧管5 exhaust manifold 排气歧管6 fuel pump 汽油泵7 fuel filter 汽油滤清器8 exhaust silencer 排气消声器9 fuel pipe 油管10 fuel tank 汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器1 intake tube 进气管2 deflector knob 导流旋扭3 air deflector 空气导流器4 cleaner body 滤清器壳5 butterfly nut 蝶形螺帽6 filter cover 滤清器盖7 filter seal ring 滤清器密封环8 cleaner cartridge 滤清器滤芯9 silencer element 消声元件10 crankcase bleed pipe 曲轴箱通风管11 hot air pipe 热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器1 fuel pump base 汽油泵座2 diaphragm 膜片3 fuel inlet neck 汽油进口4 fuel pump body 汽油泵壳5 filter screen 滤清器网6 bowl cover 泵盖7 fuel feed port 汽油出口8 distance washer 调整间隔垫圈9 diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧10 rocker arm 摇臂11 fulcrum pin 杠杆支点销12 fuel filter 汽油滤清器13 filter body 滤清器壳14 filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯15 glass bowl 玻璃滤杯16 bowl retaining clip 滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器1 air cleaner 空气滤清器2 valve needle 针阀3 float 浮子4 nozzle 喷管5 chock tube 喉管6 throttle valve 节气门7 intake manifold 进气歧管8 metering jet 量孔9 float chamber 浮子室10 intake valve 进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器1 down-draft carburetor 下喷式化油器2 nozzle 喷管3 float chamber 浮子室4 choke tube 喉管5 throttle valve 节气门6 intake manifold 进气歧管7 two-barrel carburetor 双管化油器8 choke tube 喉管9 plug 旋塞10 filter gauze 滤清器金属丝网11 fFuel inlet port 进气门口12 valve seat 阀座13 valve needle 针阀14 float needle valve 浮子针阀15 float pivot pin 浮子销16 float 浮子17 float chamber 浮子室18 accelerator pump 加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件1 throttle lever 节气门杆2 pull lever 拉杆3 release lever 放松杆4 throttle valve spindle 节气门轴5 throttle valve 节气门6 main metering jet 主量孔7 idle metering jet 怠速量孔8 accelerator pump discharge nozzle 加速泵输出喷管9 ball valve 球阀10 emulsion pipe 泡沫管11 air jet 空气喷孔12 starting device jet 起动喷孔13 accelerator pump piston 加速泵活塞14 operating cam 操纵凸轮15 accerlerator pump lever 加速泵杆16 adjustable stop 可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件1 throttle control lever 节气门操纵杆2 connecting lever rod 连接拉杆3 cable wire 拉索4 connecting adaptor 连接杆5 cable hose 拉索软管6 cable grommet 拉索橡胶圈7 throttle control cablehandle 节气门操纵拉钮8 choke control cablehandle 阻风门操纵拉钮9 pedal lever bracket 踏板拉杆支架10 accelerator pedal 加速踏板11 accelerator pedal hinge 加速踏板铰链12 accelerator pedal mounting bracket 加速踏板安装支架13 flexible boot cap 挠性防尘护套14 roller 滚子15 accelerator pedal lever 加速踏板杠杆16 accelerator pedal return spring加速踏板回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射1 fuel tank 汽油箱2 electric fuel pump 电动汽油泵3 fuel filter 燃油滤清器4 distributor pipe 分油管5 pressure regulator 压力调节器6 electronic control unit 电控单元7 injector 喷油器8 start valve 起动阀9 idle-speed adjusting screw 怠速调节螺钉10 throttle-valve switch 节气门开关11 throttle valve 节气门12 airflow sensor 空气流量计13 relay 继电器组14 oxygen sensor 氧传感器15 coolant-temperature sensor 冷却液温度传感器16 thermo time switch 温度时间开端17 distributor 分电器18 auxiliary-air device 补充空气阀19 idle-mixture adfustingscrew 怠速混合气调节螺钉20 battery 蓄电池21 ignition starter switch 点火起动开关7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector 电动汽油泵,喷油器1 inlet 汽油2 relief valve 卸压阀3 roller-cell pump 液子泵4 permanent magnet 永久磁铁5 armature 电枢6 non-return valve 单向阀7 outlet 出油8 fuel inlet 燃油进口9 filter inlet 滤清器10 electrical connection 电插头11 solenoid winding 电磁开关线阀12 return spring 回位弹簧13 solenoid plunger 电磁铁芯14 needle 针阀7.10 Sensor 传感器1 coolant-temperature senor 冷却液温度传感器2 terminal 电接头3 hosing 壳体4 thermistor 热敏电阻5 oxygen sensor 氧传感器6 electrical connector 电连接器7 cover 保护管8 body 传感器体9 shield over element 保护元件八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机供油系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵1 fuel tank 柴油箱2 overflow valve 溢油箱4 feed pipe 低压油管5 fuel feed pump 手动输油泵6 fuel feed pump 输油泵7 injection pump 喷油泵8 return pipe 回油管9 pressure pipe 高压油管10 combustion chamber 燃烧室11 injector 喷油器12 exhaust pipe 排气管13 exhaust valve 排气门14 return pipe 排油管15 air cleaner 空气滤清器16 intake pipe 进气管8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室1 ω type chamber ω型燃烧室2 ball type chamber 球型燃烧室3 Swirl chamber 涡流室燃烧室4 precombustion chamber 预燃室燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 roller tappet 滚轮挺柱3 plunger spring 柱塞弹簧4 plunger 柱塞5 control sleeve 控制套筒6 control rod lack 控制齿条7 inlet port 进油口8 pump cylinder 泵缸9 feeding gallery 进油通道10 delivery valve 出油阀11 pressure pipe adaptor 高压油管接头8.4 Injection 喷油器1 nozzle holder 喷油器体2 fuel inlet passage 进油通道3 leak-off adaptor 漏油接头4 inlet adaptor 进油接头5 leak-off passage 漏油通道6 adjusting shim 调整垫片7 nozzle valve spring 针阀弹簧9 needle valve 针阀10 clearance filter 间隙滤芯11 spring adjusting screw 弹簧调整螺钉8.5 Speed governor 调速器1 accelerator pedal linkage 加速踏板杆件2 operating lever 操纵杆3 control rod link 控制杆连接件4 flyweight 飞块5 floating lever 浮动杠杆6 eccentric shaft 偏心轴九、Exhaust system 排气系统1 bracket 支架2 bracket plate 支板3 exhaust manifold joint 排气歧管接头4 double manifold 双排歧管5 double manifold collar 双排歧管凸缘6 exhaust clip 排气管夹头7 pipe U-bolt 排气管U型螺栓8 flexible support 挠性支座9 front silence 前消声器10 flexible mounting plate 挠性安装板11 distance sleeve 间隔套管12 silencer flexible mounting 消声器挠性安装件13 protecting plate 防护板14 rear silencer 后消声器15 intermediate pipe 中间排气管16 front exhaust pipe 前段排气管17 copper-asbestos gasket 紫铜-石棉垫网十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统1 inlet port 进气口2 compressor 压气机3 inlet valve 进气门4 exhaust valve 排气门5 turbine 蜗轮6 exhaust port 排气口7 engine 发动机10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器1 air inlet port 空气进口2 compressor 压气机3 oil supply 润滑油入口4 oil return 润滑油出口5 exhaust gas 废气（柴油机）6 turbine 蜗轮7 exhaust gas 废气（蜗轮）十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统1 air pump 空气泵2 exhaust pipe 排气管3 air passage 空气通道4 NOx catalytic convertor NOx催化反应器5 HC/CO catalyticconvertor HC/ CO催化反应器6 silencer 消声器7 bypass valve 旁通阀8 engine 发动机11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器1 catalyst 催化剂颗粒2 internal pipe 内筒3 housing 外筒4 shell 壳体5 heat insulating material 绝热材料6 high temperature sensor 高温传感器7 silencer 消声器8 exhaust pipe 排气管十二、Engine-cooling system发动机冷却系12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系1 radiator 散热器2 radiator bottom tank 散热器下贮水室3 radiator core 散热器芯4 radiator top tank 散热器上贮水室5 fan 风扇6 water jacket 水套7 overflow pipe 溢流管8 drain plug 放水阀9 thermostat 节温器10 thermostat main valve 节温器主阀11 thermostat flexible bellows 节温器挠性波纹管12 thermostat bypass valve 节温器旁通管12.2 Radiator 传感器1 bottom radiator pipe 散热器出水软管2 radiator cowl 散热器罩3 top radiator cowl 散热器进水软管4 blind cable 百页窗拉索5 radiator filter 散热器加水口6 radiator shutter 散热器百页窗7 radiator filter cap 散热器加水口盖8 vacuum relief valve 真空安全阀9 pressure relief valve 减压阀10 filter sealing plate 加水口密封板11 radiator roller blind 散热器滚筒式百页帘12 overflow pipe 溢流管12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵1 fan blade 风扇叶片2 fan hub 风扇毂3 fan belt 风扇皮带4 fan pulley 风扇皮带轮5 shaft bearing 水泵轴承6 pump body 泵体7 water main inlet port 进水口8 water bypass inlet neck 旁通进水口9 self-adjusting seal unit 自动调节密封件10 pump impeller 水泵叶轮11 pump cover 泵盖12 cover gasket 泵盖衬垫13 water outlet port 出水口14 fan and pump shaft 风扇与水泵轴12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系1 blower 风扇2 blower-casing 风扇外壳3 reactor 定子叶轮4 reactor blade 定子叶片5 cooling air 冷却空气6 air cooled cylinder head 风冷汽缸盖7 deflector 导向叶片8 cylinder head fin 气缸盖肋片9 cylinder block fin 气缸体肋片10 heating air outlet 热空气出口12 exhaust manifold 排气歧管13 blower pulley 风扇皮带轮14 blower impeller 风扇叶轮15 v-belt V型皮带16 impeller blade 叶轮叶片十三、发动机润滑系Engine-lubrication system13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑1 oil passage 油道2 oil filter tube 加油管3 oil filter cap 加油管盖4 bypass oil cleaner 分流式机油滤清器5 oil pressure sensor 油压传感器6 dipstick 油标尺7 oil drain hole 放油孔8 oil strainer 机油集滤器9 oil pressure relief valve 机油限压阀10 oil pump outlet pipe 机油泵出油管11 centrifugal oil cleaner 离心式机油滤清器12 gear chain lubrication jet 齿轮链条润滑喷孔13 gear chain lubrication passage 齿轮链条润滑油道14 main pressure oil passage 主油道13.2 Oil pump 机油泵1 oil pressure relief valve spring 限压阀弹簧2 oil pressure reliefvalve ball 限压阀钢球3 oil pump cover plate 机油泵盖板4 oil pump gear 机油泵齿轮5 oil pump body 机油泵壳体6 driving shaft pilot sleeve 驱动轴导套7 oil pump driving shaft 机油泵驱动轴8 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮9 oil inlet pipe 进油管10 lock washer 止锁垫圈11 oil suction pipe joint 进油管接头12 oil strainer cover 机油集滤器盖13 screen strainer 滤网14 oil strainer bottom 机油集滤器底版13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器1 handle 手柄3 filter shaft 滤清器轴4 filter cover 滤清器盖5 thrust plate 压板6 filtering disc 滤片7 distance disc 隔片8 filtering element bolt 滤清元件螺栓9 thrust washer 止推垫圈10 filter body 滤清器壳体11 drain plug 放油塞12 cleaning edges 滤清肋片13 cleaning edges spindle 滤清肋片芯轴14 filter cover base 滤清器支座15 pressure relief valve 限压阀16 filter cover bolt 滤清器盖螺栓17 cartridge 滤芯13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器1 radiator core 散热器芯子2 stiff pipe 硬管3 stiff pipe shackle 硬管夹架4 oil inlet hose 进油软管5 T-pipe T型管6 shut-off cock 旋塞开关7 connecting pipe 接头8 oil outlet host 出油软管十四、发动机点火系Engine-ignition system14.1 Ignition system 点火系1 battery 蓄电池2 ignition switch 点火开关3 coil 点火线圈4 engine camshaft 发动机凸轮轴5 distributor drive rotates 分电器驱动轴6 contact breaker 继电器触点7 capacitor 电容器8 rotor 转子9 distributor cap 分电器盖10 high tension lead 高压导线11 sparking plug 火花塞12 vehicle frame 车架14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池2 cell cover 电池盖3 battery negative terminal 蓄电池负极接头4 cell filler plug 电池加液盖5 battery positiveterminal 蓄电池正极接头6 cell connector 电池连接件7 negative plate 负极板8 separator 隔板9 positive plate 正极板10 sediment space 沉淀区11 cell separator 电池隔板14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈1 winding insulatinglayer 绕组绝缘涂层2 core insulating tube 铁芯绝缘管3 primary winding 初级线圈4 winding insulation 绕组绝缘层5 clamping ring 夹圈6 magnetic core 磁芯7 primary terminal 初级线圈接线柱8 high-tension leadterminal 高压导线接线柱9 ignition coil head 点火线圈盖10 insulating material 绝缘材料11 supplementary resistor 附加电阻12 magnetic shield 磁屏蔽13 high-tension winding 高压线圈14 core insulator 铁芯绝缘座15 coil case 线圈外壳14.4 Distributor 分电器1 ignition coil cable terminal 点火线圈导线接头2 spark plug cable terminal 火花塞导线接头3 distributor cap 分电器盖4 distributor cap innercontact 分电器盖内触点5 distributor rotor arm 分电臂6 contact arm 触点臂7 breaker fixed contact 断电器固定触点8 breaker spring 断电器弹簧9 breaker plate 断电器底版10 distributor shaft 分电器轴11 distributor case 分电器壳12 cap clamp spring 分电器盖弹簧夹13 manual spark-advanceselector 手动点火提前角选择器14 vacuum spark-advancecontrol 真空式点火提前角调节装置15 centrifugal spark-advance cont rol 离心式点火提前角调节装置16 breaker cam 断电器凸轮17 capacitor 容电器18 lubricating felt 润滑油毡19 carbon contact 碳触头20 contact point 触点21 terminal 接头14.5 Spark plug 火花塞1 spark plug terminal pin 火花塞电极销2 pin insulation 电极销绝缘体3 spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘体4 spark plug body rim 火花塞壳体凸缘5 spark plug body hexagon 火花塞六角壳体6 spark plug body 火花塞壳体7 center electrode 中心电极8 spark plug thread 火花塞螺纹9 spark gap 火花间隔10 earth electrode 接地电极11 hot plug 热型火花塞12 normal spark plug 标准火花塞13 cold plug 冷型火花塞14 heat conductance way 导热途径14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火1 magnetic slug 磁铁芯2 magnetic sensor磁性传感器3 magnetic pluse generator（发电机、发生器）磁脉冲发生器4 electronic control unit 电子控制单元5 ignition coil 点火线圈6 vacuum sensor 真空传感器7 flywheel rim 飞轮齿圈8 ignition lock 点火开关9 high-tension distributor 高压分电器10 amplifier 放大器11 throttle valve switch 节气门开关12 reference angle switch 基准角开关13 rotational-speed sensor 转速传感器14 proximity sensor 非接触式传感器15 microprocessor 微处理机十五、发动机起动系Engine-starting system15.1 Starting system 起动系1 starting switch 起动开关2 contact point 触点3 contact plate 接触盘4 magnetic coil 磁化线圈5 starting breaker 起动断电器6 magnetic core 铁芯。

发动机零件英文缩写

第二类 ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造序号英文中文1 rockerarmcover 摇臂罩2 valve rocker arm 气门摇臂3 camshaft 凸轮轴4 camshaftdrive 凸轮轴驱动轮5 spark plug lead 火花塞导线6 timing belt cover 正时皮带罩7 valvespring 气门弹簧8 poppetvalve 菌形气门9 piston 活塞10 connectingrod 连杆11 timingbelt 正时皮带12 combustionchamber 燃烧室13 cylinderblock 汽缸体14 waterjacket 水套15 oilfilter 机油滤清器16 flywheel 飞轮17 ringgear 齿圈18 oil gage 机油标尺19 oilpan/sump 油底壳20 crankshaft 曲轴21 drain plug 放油孔塞22 v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term 基本术语序号英文中文1 cylinderdiameter 汽缸直径2 pistonstroke 活塞行程3 crankradius 曲轴半径4 pistondisplacement 活塞排量5 compression chambervolume压缩室容积6 total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积7 top dead center 上止点8 bottomdeadcenter 下止点三、Engine operation principle发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intakestroke 进气行程2 compressionstroke 压缩行程3 expansionstroke 膨胀行程4 exhauststroke 排气行程5 combustiblemixture 可燃混合气6 intakevalve 进气门7 sparkplug 火花塞8 exhaustvalve 排气门9 exhaustgas 废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intakestroke 进气行程2 compressionstroke 压缩行程3 expansionstroke 膨胀行程4 exhauststroke 排气行程5 intake 进气6 compression 压缩7 combustion 燃烧8 expansion 膨胀9 exhaust 排气10 air 空气11 injector 喷油器12 exhaustgas 废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 combustiblemixture 可燃混合气2 inletport 进气口3 crankcase 曲轴箱4 precompressedmixture 预压混合气序号英文中文5 transfercanal 输气道6 intakeport 进气口7 exhaustport 排气口8 exhaustgas 废气9 sparkplug 火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理1 air 空气2 blowerpump 扫气泵3 precompressedair 预压空气4 airchamber 空气室5 inletport 进气口6 injector 喷油器7 exhaustvalve 排气门8 exhaustgas 废气四、Engine performance 发动机性能序号英文中文1 fixed throttlecharacteristics速度特性2 part throttlecharacteristics负荷特性3 enginespeed 转速4 torque 扭矩5 horsepower 功率6 specificfuelconsumption 燃油消耗率五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组序号英文中文1 cylinderblock 汽缸体2 cylinderliner 汽缸套3 cylinder bearing surface 汽缸套表面4 cylinder head汽缸盖5 inlet manifold mountingflange进气歧管凸缘6 oil inlet hole 加油孔7 cylinderheadcover 汽缸盖罩序号英文中文8 cylinderheadgasket 汽缸盖衬垫9 oil filter mounting flange机油滤清器凸缘10ventilating pipemounting seat通风管座11cylinder block stiffeningrib汽缸体加强肋12 rear main bearing cover 后主轴承罩13 mainbearingcap 主轴承盖14 oil sumppan gasket 油底壳衬垫15 oilsump/pan 油底壳16fuel pump mountingflange燃油泵凸缘17ignition distributormounting flange分电器凸缘18camshaft bearing bushseat凸轮轴轴承座19camshaft drive(gear)cover凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20cylinder head covergasket汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组序号英文中文1 connecting rod shank 连杆杆身2 connecting rod small end 连杆小头3 connecting rod bushing 连杆衬套4 springclip 弹簧卡环5 pistonpin 活塞销6 pistonhead 活塞头部7 piston ring groove 活塞环槽8 compressionring 压缩环9 oil scraper ring 油环10 pistonskirt 活塞裙部11 piston pin boss 活塞销座12connecting rod bearinghalfshell连杆轴瓦13 connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓14 connecting rod cap 连杆大头盖15 Connecting rod end 连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组序号英文中文1 crankshaft front end 曲轴前端2 front main journal 前主轴颈3 oil passage hole 机油孔4 crankpin 曲柄销5 crankweb 曲柄臂6 counterweight 平衡重7 crankshaftcollar 曲轴后端凸缘8 flywheel 飞轮9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10 flywheellockplate 飞轮锁片11 clutch shaft bearing 离合器轴轴承12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lower)主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲轴止推片14 bearingtang 轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 cam 凸轮3 tappet 气门挺杆4 sidevalve 侧置气门5 crankshafttiminggear 曲轴正时齿轮6 camshaftgear-wheel 凸轮轴齿轮7 geardrive 齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 camfollower 凸轮顶杆3 pushrod 推杆4 adjuster 调整螺钉5 cockershaft 摇臂轴6 rockershaft 摇臂7 valvespring 气门弹簧序号英文中文8 valve 气门9 valve 气道10 combustionchamber 燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft front bearing 凸轮轴前轴承2 valvehead 气门头3 valvestem 气门杆4 tappet 挺筒5 lower valve spring collar 气门弹簧下环6 outer valve spring 外气门弹簧7 valveguide 气门导管8 inner valve spring 内气门弹簧9 shieldingcap 护帽10 oilflinger 油封11 upper valve spring collar 气门弹簧上环12 valve split cone 气门锁片13 closer 螺塞14 rockershaft 摇臂轴15 rockerarm 摇臂16 rockerbracket 摇臂支座17 retainingwasher 定位摇臂18 thrustwasher 止推摇臂19 rockeradjustingscrew 摇臂调整螺钉20 pushrod 推杆21 camshaftrearbush 凸轮轴后轴承22 camshaft 凸轮轴23 camshaft center bush 凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24 cam 凸轮25 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图序号英文中文1 TDC（top dead center）上止点2 BDC(bottom dead center) 下止点3 intakeopens 进气门开序号英文中文4 intakeclose 进气门关5 exhaustopens 排气门开6 exhaustcloses 排气门关7 directionofrotation 旋转方向七、Gasoline engine-fuel system汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵序号英文中文1 fuel level gauge 油面指示表2 aircleaner 空气滤清器3 carburetor 化油器4 inletmanifold 进气歧管5 exhaustmanifold 排气歧管6 fuelpump 汽油泵7 fuelfilter 汽油滤清器8 exhaustsilencer 排气消声器9 fuelpipe 油管10 fueltank 汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器序号英文中文1 intaketube 进气管2 deflectorknob 导流旋扭3 airdeflector 空气导流器4 cleanerbody 滤清器壳5 butterflynut 蝶形螺帽6 filtercover 滤清器盖7 filter seal ring 滤清器密封环8 cleanercartridge 滤清器滤芯9 silencerelement 消声元件10 crankcasebleedpipe 曲轴箱通风管11 hotairpipe 热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter汽油泵，汽油滤清器序号英文中文1 fuelpumpbase 汽油泵座2 diaphragm 膜片序号英文中文3 fuel inlet neck 汽油进口4 fuelpumpbody 汽油泵壳5 filterscreen 滤清器网6 bowlcover 泵盖7 fuelfeedport 汽油出口8 distancewasher 调整间隔垫圈9 diaphragmspring 膜片弹簧10 rockerarm 摇臂11 fulcrumpin 杠杆支点销12 fuelfilter 汽油滤清器13 filterbody 滤清器壳14 filtercartridge 滤清器滤芯15 glassbowl 玻璃滤杯16 bowl retaining clip 滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器序号英文中文1 aircleaner 空气滤清器2 valveneedle 针阀3 float 浮子4 nozzle 喷管5 chocktube 喉管6 throttlevalve 节气门7 intakemanifold 进气歧管8 meteringjet 量孔9 floatchamber 浮子室10 intakevalve 进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器序号英文中文1 down-draftcarburetor 下喷式化油器2 nozzle 喷管3 floatchamber 浮子室4 choketube 喉管5 throttlevalve 节气门6 intakemanifold 进气歧管7 two-barrelcarburetor 双管化油器序号英文中文8 choketube 喉管9 plug 旋塞10 filtergauze 滤清器金属丝网11 fFuelinletport 进气门口12 valveseat 阀座13 valveneedle 针阀14 floatneedlevalve 浮子针阀15 floatpivotpin 浮子销16 float 浮子17 floatchamber 浮子室18 acceleratorpump 加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件序号英文中文1 throttlelever 节气门杆2 pulllever 拉杆3 releaselever 放松杆4 throttlevalvespindle 节气门轴5 throttlevalve 节气门6 mainmeteringjet 主量孔7 idlemeteringjet 怠速量孔8 accelerator pumpdischarge nozzle加速泵输出喷管9 ballvalve 球阀10 emulsionpipe 泡沫管11 airjet 空气喷孔12 startingdevicejet 起动喷孔13 accelerator pump piston 加速泵活塞14 operatingcam 操纵凸轮15 accerlerator pump lever 加速泵杆16 adjustablestop 可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件序号英文中文1 throttle control lever 节气门操纵杆2 connecting lever rod 连接拉杆3 cablewire 拉索序号英文中文4 connectingadaptor 连接杆5 cablehose 拉索软管6 cablegrommet 拉索橡胶圈7 throttle control cablehandle节气门操纵拉钮8 choke control cablehandle阻风门操纵拉钮9 pedalleverbracket 踏板拉杆支架10 acceleratorpedal 加速踏板11 accelerator pedal加速踏板铰链12 accelerator pedalmounting bracket加速踏板安装支架13 flexible boot cap 挠性防尘护套14 roller 滚子15 acceleratorpedallever 加速踏板杠杆16accelerator pedalreturn spring加速踏板回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射序号英文中文1 fueltank 汽油箱2 electric fuel pump 电动汽油泵3 fuelfilter 燃油滤清器4 distributorpipe 分油管5 pressureregulator 压力调节器6 electronic control unit 电控单元7 injector 喷油器8 startvalve 起动阀9 idle-speed adfusting 怠速调节螺钉10 throttle-valveswitch 节气门开关11 throttlevalve 节气门12 airflowsensor 空气流量计13 relay 继电器组14 oxygensensor 氧传感器15 coolant-temperaturesensor冷却液温度传感器16 thermo time switch 温度时间开端17 distributor 分电器序号英文中文18 auxiliary-airdevice 补充空气阀19 idle-mixture adfustingscrew怠速混合气调节螺钉20 battery 蓄电池21 ignition starter switch 点火起动开关7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector电动汽油泵,喷油器序号英文中文1 inlet 汽油2 reliefvalve 卸压阀3 roller-cellpump 液子泵4 permanentmagnet 永久磁铁5 armature 电枢6 non-returnvalve 单向阀7 outlet 出油8 fuelinlet 燃油进口9 filterinlet 滤清器10 electricalconnection 电插头11 solenoidwinding 电磁开关线阀12 returnspring 回位弹簧13 solenoidplunger 电磁铁芯14 needle 针阀7.10 Sensor 传感器序号英文中文1 coolant-temperaturesenor冷却液温度传感器2 terminal 电接头3 hosing 壳体4 thermistor 热敏电阻5 oxygensensor 氧传感器connector 电连接器6 electrical7 cover 保护管8 body 传感器体overelement 保护元件9 shield八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机工友系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵序号英文中文tank 柴油箱1 fuelvalve 溢油箱2 overflow3 fuelfilter 柴油滤清器pipe 低压油管4 feedfeedpump 手动输油泵5 fuelfeedpump 输油泵6 fuelpump 喷油泵7 injectionpipe 回油管8 return9 pressurepipe 高压油管chamber 燃烧室10 combustion11 injector 喷油器pipe 排气管12 exhaustvalve 排气门13 exhaustpipe 排油管14 return15 aircleaner 空气滤清器pipe 进气管16 intake8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室序号英文中文1 ω type chamber ω型燃烧室2 ball type chamber 球型燃烧室chamber 涡流室燃烧室3 Swirl4 precombustion chamber 预燃室燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴tappet 滚轮挺柱2 rollerspring 柱塞弹簧3 plunger4 plunger 柱塞sleeve 控制套筒5 control6 control rod lack 控制齿条7 inletport 进油口cylinder 泵缸8 pump序号英文中文gallery 进油通道9 feeding10 deliveryvalve 出油阀11 pressure pipe adaptor 高压油管接头8.4 Injection 喷油器序号英文中文holder 喷油器体1 nozzle2 fuel inlet passage 进油通道adaptor 漏油接头3 leak-offadaptor 进油接头4 inletpassage 漏油通道5 leak-offshim 调整垫片6 adjusting7 nozzle valve spring 针阀弹簧8 needle valve seat 针阀座valve 针阀9 needlefilter 间隙滤芯10 clearance11 spring adjusting screw 弹簧调整螺钉8.5 Speed governor 调速器序号英文中文1 accelerator pedal linkage 加速踏板杆件lever 操纵杆2 operating3 control rod link 控制杆连接件4 flyweight 飞块5 floatinglever 浮动杠杆shaft 偏心轴6 eccentric九、Exhaust system 排气系统序号英文中文1 bracket 支架2 bracketplate 支板3 exhaust manifold joint 排气歧管接头4 doublemanifold 双排歧管5 double manifold collar 双排歧管凸缘6 exhaustclip 排气管夹头7 pipeU-bolt 排气管U型螺栓8 flexiblesupport 挠性支座序号英文中文9 frontsilence 前消声器10 flexible mounting 挠性安装板11 distancesleeve 间隔套管12 silencer flexiblemounting消声器挠性安装件13 protectingplate 防护板14 rearsilencer 后消声器15 intermediatepipe 中间排气管16 frontexhaustpipe 前段排气管17 copper-asbestosgasket 紫铜-石棉垫网十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统序号英文中文1 inletport 进气口2 compressor 压气机3 inletvalve 进气门4 exhaustvalve 排气门5 turbine 蜗轮6 exhaustport 排气口7 engine 发动机10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器序号英文中文1 air inlet port 空气进口2 compressor 压气机3 oilsupply 润滑油入口4 oilreturn 润滑油出口5 exhaustgas 废气（柴油机）6 turbine 蜗轮7 exhaustgas 废气（蜗轮）十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统序号英文中文1 airpump 空气泵2 exhaustpipe 排气管3 airpassage 空气通道序号英文中文4 NOxcatalyticconvertor NOx催化反应5 HC/CO catalyticconvertorHC/CO催化反应器6 silencer 消声器7 bypassvalve 旁通阀8 engine 发动机11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器序号英文中文1 catalyst 催化剂颗粒2 internalpipe 内筒3 housing 外筒4 shell 壳体5 heat insulating material 绝热材料6 hightemperaturesensor 高温传感器7 silencer 消声器8 exhaustpipe 排气管十二、Engine-cooling system发动机冷却机12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系序号英文中文1 radiator 散热器2 radiatorbottomtank 散热器下贮水室3 radiatorcore 散热器芯4 radiatortoptank 散热器上贮水室5 fan 风扇6 waterjacket 水套7 overflowpipe 溢流管8 drainplug 放水阀9 thermostat 节温器10 thermostatmainvalve 节温器主阀11 thermostat flexiblebellows节温器挠性波纹管12 thermostat bypass valve 节温器旁通管12.2 Radiator 传感器序号英文中文1 bottom radiator pipe 散热器出水软管序号英文中文2 radiatorcowl 散热器罩3 top radiator cowl 散热器进水软管4 blindcable 百页窗拉索5 radiatorfilter 散热器加水口6 radiatorshutter 散热器百页窗7 radiatorfiltercap 散热器加水口盖8 vacuum relief valve 真空安全阀9 pressure relief valve 减压阀10 filter sealing plate 加水口密封板11 radiatorrollerblind 散热器滚筒式百页帘12 overflowpipe 溢流管12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵序号英文中文1 fanblade 风扇叶片2 fanhub 风扇毂3 fanbelt 风扇皮带4 fanpulley 风扇皮带轮5 shaftbearing 水泵轴承6 pumpbody 泵体7 water main inlet port 进水口8 water bypass inlet neck 旁通进水口9 self-adjusting seal unit 自动调节密封件10 pumpimpeller 水泵叶轮11 pumpcover 泵盖12 covergasket 泵盖衬垫13 wateroutletport 出水口14 fan and pump shaft 风扇与水泵轴12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系序号英文中文1 blower 风扇2 blower-casing 风扇外壳3 reactor 定子叶轮4 reactorblade 定子叶片5 coolingair 冷却空气6 air cooled cylinder head 风冷汽缸盖序号英文中文7 deflector 导向叶片8 cylinderheadfin 气缸盖肋片9 cylinder block fin 气缸体肋片10 heatingairoutlet 热空气出口11 aircooledcylinder 风冷气缸体12 exhaustmanifold 排气歧管13 blowerpulley 风扇皮带轮14 blowerimpeller 风扇叶轮15 v-belt V型皮带16 impellerblade 叶轮叶片十三、Engine-lubrication system发动机润滑系13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑序号英文中文1 oilpassage 油道2 oil filter tube 加油管3 oil filter cap 加油管盖4 bypassoilcleaner 分流式机油滤清器5 oil pressure sensor 油压传感器6 dipstick 油标尺7 oildrainhole 放油孔8 oilstrainer 机油集滤器9 oil pressure relief valve 机油限压阀10 oil pump outlet pipe 机油泵出油管11 centrifugaloilcleaner离心式机油滤清器12 gear chain lubricationjet齿轮链条润滑喷孔13 gear chain lubricationpassage齿轮链条润滑油道14 main pressure oi l passage 主油道13.2 Oil pump 机油泵序号英文中文1 oil pressure reliefvalve spring限压阀弹簧2 oil pressure reliefvalve ball限压阀钢球序号英文中文3 oil pump cover plate 机油泵盖板4 oil pump gear 机油泵齿轮5 oil pump body 机油泵壳体6 driving shaft pilot sleeve 驱动轴导套7 oil pump driving shaft 机油泵驱动轴8 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮9 oil inlet pipe 进油管10 lockwasher 止锁垫圈11 oil suction pipe joint 进油管接头12 oil strainer cover 机油集滤器盖13 screenstrainer 滤网14 oilstrainerbottom 机油集滤器底版13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器序号英文中文1 handle 手柄2 capnut 盖形螺帽shaft 滤清器轴3 filtercover 滤清器盖4 filterplate 压板5 thrustdisc 滤片6 filtering7 distancedisc 隔片bolt 滤清元件螺栓8 filteringelementwasher 止推垫圈9 thrust10 filterbody 滤清器壳体plug 放油塞11 drainedges 滤清肋片12 cleaning13 cleaning edges spindle 滤清肋片芯轴base 滤清器支座cover14 filter15 pressure relief valve 限压阀coverbolt 滤清器盖螺栓16 filter17 cartridge 滤芯13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器序号英文中文core 散热器芯子1 radiatorpipe 硬管2 stiff序号英文中文3 stiff pipe shackle 硬管夹架4 oil inlet hose 进油软管5 T-pipe T型管cock 旋塞开关6 shut-offpipe 接头7 connecting8 oilhost 出油软管outlet十四、Engine-ignition system发动机点火系14.1 Ignition system 点火系序号英文中文1 battery 蓄电池switch 点火开关2 ignition3 coil 点火线圈4 enginecamshaft 发动机凸轮轴5 distributor drive rotates 分电器驱动轴6 contactbreaker 继电器触点7 capacitor 电容器8 rotor 转子9 distributorcap 分电器盖10 hightensionlead 高压导线11 sparkingplug 火花塞12 vehicleframe 车架14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池序号英文中文1 batterycell 电池2 cellcover 电池盖3 battery negativeterminal蓄电池负极接头4 cell filler plug 电池加液盖5 battery positiveterminal蓄电池正极接头6 cellconnector 电池连接件7 negativeplate 负极板8 separator 隔板9 positiveplate 正极板10 sedimentspace 沉淀区11 cellseparator 电池隔板14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈序号英文中文1 winding insulatinglayer绕组绝缘涂层2 coreinsulatingtube 铁芯绝缘管3 primarywinding 初级线圈4 windinginsulation 绕组绝缘层5 clampingring 夹圈6 magneticcore 磁芯7 primaryterminal 初级线圈接线柱8 high-tension leadterminal高压导线接线柱9 ignition coil head 点火线圈盖10 insulatingmaterial 绝缘材料11 supplementaryresistor 附加电阻12 magneticshield 磁屏蔽13 high-tensionwinding 高压线圈14 coreinsulator 铁芯绝缘座15 coilcase 线圈外壳14.4 Distributor 分电器序号英文中文1 ignition coil cableterminal点火线圈导线接头2 spark plug cableterminal火花塞导线接头3 distributorcap 分电器盖4 distributor cap innercontact分电器盖内触点5 distributor rotor arm 分电臂6 contactarm 触点臂7 breakerfixedcontact 断电器固定触点8 breakerspring 断电器弹簧9 breakerplate 断电器底版10 distributorshaft 分电器轴11 distributorcase 分电器壳12 capclampspring 分电器盖弹簧夹13 manual spark-advanceselector手动点火提前角选择器序号英文中文14 vacuum spark-advancecontrol真空式点火提前角调节装置15 centrifugal spark-advance control离心式点火提前角调节装置16 breakercam 断电器凸轮17 capacitor 容电器18 lubricatingfelt 润滑油毡19 carboncontact 碳触头20 contactpoint 触点21 terminal 接头14.5 Spark plug 火花塞序号英文中文1 spark plug terminal pin 火花塞电极销2 pininsulation 电极销绝缘体3 spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘体4 spark plug body rim 火花塞壳体凸缘5 spark plug bodyhexagon火花塞六角壳体6 spark plug body 火花塞壳体7 centerelectrode 中心电极8 spark plug thread 火花塞螺纹9 sparkgap 火花间隔10 earthelectrode 接地电极11 hotplug 热型火花塞12 normalsparkplug 标准火花塞13 coldplug 冷型火花塞14 heat conductance way 导热途径14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火序号英文中文1 magneticslug 磁铁芯2 magneticsensor 磁性传感器3 magnetic plusegenerator磁脉冲发生器4 electronic control unit 电子控制单元5 ignitioncoil 点火线圈6 vacuumsensor 真空传感器序号英文中文7 flywheelrim 飞轮齿圈8 ignitionlock 点火开关9 high-tension distributor 高压分电器10 amplifier 放大器11 throttlevalveswitch 节气门开关12 reference angle switch 基准角开关13 rotational-speed sensor 转速传感器14 proximitysensor 非接触式传感器15 microprocessor 微处理机16supplementary sensorinput附加传感器输入端十五、Engine-starting system发动机起动系15.1 Starting system 起动系序号英文中文1 startingswitch 起动开关2 contactpoint 触点3 contactplate 接触盘4 magneticcoil 磁化线圈5 startingbreaker 起动断电器6 magneticcore 铁芯15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机序号英文中文1 drivepinion 驱动小齿轮2 couplingsleeve 连接套筒3 push drive engaginglever推动式驱动杠杆4 starter fixed contact 起动机固定触点5 startingswitch 起动开关6 switch moving contact 开关活动触点7 main terminal fixedContact电源接头固定触点8 starterarmature 起动机电枢9 polepiece 极片10 brush-holder 电刷架11 spiralbrushspring 电刷卷簧序号英文中文12 armature windingstrand电枢绕组股线13 statorframe 定子架14 fieldcoil 磁场线圈15 shaft collar sleeve 轴环套筒16 armature shaftcrewed grooves电枢轴螺旋槽17 starterdrivehead 起动机驱动端盖18 freewheelhousing 自由轮外壳19 coupling sleeve spider 十字连结套筒20 jammingroller 抑制滚柱十六、New type engines 新型发动机16.1 Rotary piston engine 旋转活塞发动机序号英文中文1 clutchshaft 离合器轴2 cylinder 气缸3 coolant inlet pipe 冷却液进入管4 carburetor 化油器5 exhaustpipe 排气管6 pistongear 活塞齿轮7 engineshaft 发动机轴8 oil inlet pipe 机油进入管9 counterweight 平衡重10 sparkplug 火花塞11 waterjacket 水套12 rotarypiston 旋转活塞13 flywheel 飞轮16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机序号英文中文1 aircompressor 空气压缩机2 impellerunit 叶轮组3 compressorturbine 压缩机涡轮4 powerturbine 动力涡轮5 outputreductiongear 输出减速齿轮6 fuelnozzleassembly 燃油喷嘴总成7 ignition 点火器序号英文中文8 combustionchamber 燃烧室16.3 Stirling engine 斯特林发动机（热气机）序号英文中文1 annularairpassage 环形空气通道2 displacerpiston 配气活塞3 cylinder 气缸4 displacer piston rod 配气活塞杆5 powerpiston 动力活塞6 powerpistonlinkage 动力活塞杆7 power piston rod 动力活塞桅杆8 power piston connect-ing rod动力活塞连杆9 displacer pistonconnecting rod配气活塞连杆10 displacer piston linkage 配气活塞桅杆11 Injector 喷油器12 combustionchamber 燃烧室13 heater 加热器14 regenerator 固热器15 cooler 冷却器16 counterweight 平衡重17 synchronizegear 同步齿轮18 crankpin 曲柄销。

汽车专业英语汇总

汽车专业英语汇总一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.1 Car 轿车1.2 Bus 客车1.3 Motor truck 货车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能2.3 engine position 发动机布置三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸四、Wheel alignment前轮定位五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径第二类ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造二、Essential term 基本术语三、Engine operation principle发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理四、Engine performance 发动机性能曲柄连杆机构5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system汽油机供油泵 7.1 Fuel system 供油泵7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器7.5 Carburetor 化油器7.6 Carburetor elements 化油器零件7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector电动汽油泵,喷油器7.10 Sensor 传感器八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机工友系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵8.4 Injection 喷油器8.5 Speed governor 调速器九、Exhaust system 排气系统十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器十二、Engine-cooling system发动机冷却机12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系12.2 Radiator 传感器12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系十三、Engine-lubrication system发动机润滑系13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑13.2 Oil pump 机油泵13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器发动机点火系14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈14.4 Distributor 分电器14.5 Spark plug 火花塞14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火十五、Engine-starting system发动机起动系15.1 Starting system 起动系15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机十六、New type engines 新型发动机16.1 Rotary piston engine 旋转活塞发动机16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机16.3 Stirling engine 斯特林发动机（热气机）第三类 CHASSIS 底盘一、Drive line 传动系1.1 Layout of drive line 传动系示意图1.2 Friction clutch 摩擦离合器1.3 Hydrodynamic coupling 液力偶合器1.4 Gearbox-housing 变速器外壳1.5 Gearbox-gearing 变速器齿轮传动1.6 Gearbox-gear-shift 变速器换档机构1.7 Automatic transmission 自动变速器1.8 Transfer case 分动器1.9 Cardan shaft 万向传动器1.10 Flexible coupling 挠性联轴节1.11 Constant-velocity joint 等速万向节1.12 Drive axle 驱动桥1.13 Final drive 主减速器1.14 differential 差速器1.15 Half-axle,rear axle housing二、Running gear 行驶系2.1 Layout of main components 主要组成示意图2.2 Frame 车架2.3 Front axle 前桥2.4 Wheel 车轮2.5 Tire 轮胎2.6 Tire type 轮胎类型2.7 Front wheel independent suspension前轮独立悬架2.8 Rear wheel independent suspension后轮独立悬架2.9 Leaf spring 钢板弹簧2.10 Air suspension 空气悬架2.11 Hydro-pneumatic spring 液压充气弹簧2.12 Telescopic hydraulic shock absorber伸缩式液压减振器2.13 Cam hydraulic shock absorber凸轮式液压减振器三、Steering system 转向系Mechanical steering system 机械转向系3.2 Power steering system 动力转向系3.3 Steering mechanism 转向机构3.4 Steering gear 转向器3.5 Power steering 动力转向3.6 steering linkage 转向杆系四、Braking system 制动系4.1 Braking principles 制动原理4.2 Drum brake 鼓式制动器4.2 Drum brake4.4 Hand brake 手制动器（parking brake 驻车制动器）4.5 hydraulic brake system 液压制动系4.6 Brake master cylinder,Wheel cylinder制动主缸，制动轮缸4.7 Compressed-air brake system 气压制动系4.8 Anti-lock braking system 防抱死制动系第四类、BODY AND ACCESSORIES 车身及附属装置一、Car body 轿车车身二、All-steel body 全钢车身三、Car door 轿车车门四、Bus body 大客车车身五、Truck body 货车车身六、Special-transport vehicle body专用汽车车身七、Cab 驾驶室八、Drivers place 驾驶员位置九、Instrument panel 仪表板十、Seat,Safety belt 座椅，安全带十一、Air conditioning 空调十二、Compressor 压缩机十三、Lighting 照明十四、Head Lamp 前大灯十五、Turnsignal lamp 转向灯十六、Windshield wiper 风窗刮水器十七、Wiper-washer equipment 刮水器-洗涤器装置十八、Horn 喇叭十九、Tools 工具。

新版轮机英语unit3_diesel_engine_construction

The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication （润滑）, and, in later types（新型）, has drillings for cooling
water at the uppermost part of
it.
by a cylinder cover, made of a special heat-resistant steel (耐热钢).
The cover is mounted against a flat
surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located（定位） on the
turned( 机加工的，切削 ) in the
liners.
In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.
somewhat down in the scavenging
air box, and sealing between the
liner and the top of the scavenging
air box is achieved by the rubber rings （橡胶圈） fitted into the slots （缝，狭槽） machine-
Lesson 3
Diesel Engine Construction
理解柴油机的主要固定件理解柴油机的主要运动件活塞的冷却

汽车配件中英文对照表概览

第一类 MOTOR VEHICLE 汽车一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.2 Bus 客车1.3 Motor truck 货车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能2.3 engine position 发动机布置三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径第二类ENGINE 发动机Timing components : 发动机时规组件一、Engine construction 发动机构造二、Essential term 基本术语三、Engine operation principle发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理四、Engine performance 发动机性能曲柄连杆机构5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图七、Gasoline engine-fuel system汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器7.5 Carburetor 化油器7.6 Carburetor elements 化油器零件7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector电动汽油泵,喷油器7.10 Sensor 传感器八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机工友系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵8.4 Injection 喷油器8.5 Speed governor 调速器九、Exhaust system 排气系统十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器十二、Engine-cooling system 发动机冷却机12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系12.2 Radiator 传感器12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系十三、Engine-lubrication system发动机润滑系13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑13.2 Oil pump 机油泵13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器发动机点火系14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈14.4 Distributor 分电器14.5 Spark plug 火花塞14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火十五、Engine-starting system发动机起动系15.1 Starting system 起动系15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机十六、New type engines 新型发动机16.1 Rotary piston engine 旋转活塞发动机16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机16.3 Stirling engine 斯特林发动机（热气机）第三类CHASSIS 底盘一、Drive line传动系1.1 Layout of drive line 传动系示意图1.2 Friction clutch 摩擦离合器1.3 Hydrodynamic coupling 液力偶合器1.4 Gearbox-housing 变速器外壳1.5 Gearbox-gearing 变速器齿轮传动1.6 Gearbox-gear-shift 变速器换档机构1.7 Automatic transmission 自动变速器1.8 Transfer case 分动器1.9 Cardan shaft 万向传动器1.10 Flexible coupling 挠性联轴节1.11 Constant-velocity joint 等速万向节1.12 Drive axle 驱动桥1.13 Final drive 主减速器1.14 differential 差速器1.15 Half-axle,rear axle housing二、Running gear 行驶系2.1 Layout of main components 主要组成示意图2.2 Frame 车架2.3 Front axle 前桥2.4 Wheel 车轮2.5 Tire 轮胎2.6 Tire type 轮胎类型2.7 Front wheel independent suspension前轮独立悬架2.8 Rear wheel independent suspension后轮独立悬架2.9 Leaf spring 钢板弹簧2.10 Air suspension 空气悬架2.11 Hydro-pneumatic spring 液压充气弹簧2.12 Telescopic hydraulic shock absorber伸缩式液压减振器2.13 Cam hydraulic shock absorber凸轮式液压减振器三、Steering system 转向系Mechanical steering system 机械转向系3.2 Power steering system 动力转向系3.3 Steering mechanism 转向机构3.4 Steering gear 转向器3.5 Power steering 动力转向3.6 steering linkage 转向杆系四、 Braking system 制动系4.1 Braking principles 制动原理4.2 Drum brake 鼓式制动器4.2 Drum brake4.4 Hand brake 手制动器（parking brake 驻车制动器）4.5 hydraulic brake system 液压制动系 4.6 Brake master cylinder,Wheel cylinder制动主缸，制动轮缸4.7 Compressed-air brake system 气压制动系 4.8 Anti-lock braking system 防抱死制动系第四类、BODY AND ACCESSORIES 车身及附属装置一、Car body 轿车车身二、All-steel body 全钢车身三、Car door 轿车车门四、Bus body 大客车车身五、Truck body 货车车身六、Special-transport vehicle body专用汽车车身七、Cab 驾驶室八、Drivers place 驾驶员位置九、Instrument panel 仪表板十、Seat,Safety belt 座椅，安全带十一、Air conditioning 空调十二、Compressor 压缩机十三、Lighting 照明十四、Head Lamp 前大灯十五、Turnsignal lamp 转向灯十六、Windshield wiper 风窗刮水器十八、Horn 喇叭十九、Tools 工具。

汽车配件中英文对照表

- -第一类MOTOR VEHICLE 汽车一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.1 Car 轿车1.2 Bus 客车1.3 Motor truck 货车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main ponents of vehicle 汽车主要组成2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能2.3 engine position 发动机布置三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径第二类ENGINE 发动机Timing ponents : 发动机时规组件一、Engine construction 发动机构造二、Essential term 根本术语三、Engine operation principle发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理四、Engine performance 发动机性能五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图七、Gasoline engine-fuel system汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter汽油泵，汽油滤清器7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器7.5 Carburetor 化油器7.6 Carburetor elements 化油器零件7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector电动汽油泵,喷油器7.10 Sensor 传感器八、Diesel engine-fuel system8.2 bustion chamber 燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵8.4 Injection 喷油器8.5 Speed governor 调速器九、Exhaust system 排气系统十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器十一、Emission control 排污控制11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器十二、Engine-cooling system 发动机冷却机12.2 Radiator 传感器12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系十三、Engine-lubrication system13.2 Oil pump 机油泵13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器十四、Engine-ignition system14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈14.4 Distributor 分电器14.5 Spark plug 火花塞14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火十五、Engine-starting system发动机起动系15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机十六、New type engines 新型发动机16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机16.3 Stirling engine 斯特林发动机〔热气机〕第三类 CHASSIS 底盘一、Drive line 传动系1.1 Layout of drive line 传动系示意图1.2 Friction clutch 摩擦离合器1.3 Hydrodynamic coupling 液力偶合器1.4 Gearbox-housing 变速器外壳1.5 Gearbox-gearing 变速器齿轮传动1.6 Gearbox-gear-shift 变速器换档机构1.7 Automatic transmission 自动变速器1.8 Transfer case 分动器1.9 Cardan shaft 万向传动器1.10 Flexible coupling 挠性联轴节1.11 Constant-velocity joint 等速万向节1.12 Drive axle 驱动桥1.13 Final drive 主减速器1.14 differential 差速器1.15 Half-axle,rear axle housing二、Running gear 行驶系2.2 Frame 车架2.3 Front axle 前桥2.4 Wheel 车轮2.5 Tire 轮胎2.6 Tire type 轮胎类型2.7 Front wheel independent suspension前轮独立悬架2.8 Rear wheel independent suspension后轮独立悬架2.9 Leaf spring 钢板弹簧2.10 Air suspension 空气悬架2.11 Hydro-pneumatic spring 液压充气弹簧2.12 Telescopic hydraulic shock absorber伸缩式液压减振器2.13 Cam hydraulic shock absorber凸轮式液压减振器三、Steering system 转向系3.2 Power steering system 动力转向系3.3 Steering mechanism 转向机构3.4 Steering gear 转向器3.5 Power steering 动力转向3.6 steering linkage 转向杆系四、Braking system 制动系4.1 Braking principles 制动原理4.2 Drum brake 鼓式制动器4.2 Drum brake4.4 Hand brake 手制动器〔parking brake 驻车制动器〕4.5 hydraulic brake system 液压制动系4.6 Brake master cylinder,Wheel cylinder制动主缸，制动轮缸4.7 pressed-air brake system 气压制动系 4.8 Anti-lock braking system 防抱死制动系第四类、BODY AND ACCESSORIES 车身及附属装置一、Car body 轿车车身二、All-steel body 全钢车身三、Car door 轿车车门四、Bus body 大客车车身五、Truck body 货车车身六、Special-transport vehicle body七、Cab 驾驶室八、Drivers place 驾驶员位置九、Instrument panel仪表板十、Seat,Safety belt 座椅，平安带十一、Air conditioning 空调十二、pressor 压缩机十三、Lighting 照明十四、Head Lamp 前大灯十五、Turnsignal lamp 转向灯十六、Windshield wiper 风窗刮水器十七、Wiper-washer equipment十九、Tools 工具。