Internet of Things_Part 2,3
2021学年新教材高中英语UNIT3THEINTERNETSectionⅢListeningandTalkingReadingforWriting课件人教版必修二
1 function n.功能；作用；机能 vi.起作用；正常工作；运转
[典型例句] This organization performs an important function in this
country. 这个组织在这个国家起着重大作用。 The machine does not function properly. 这台机器运转不正常。
(4)The company___t_ak_e_s__ac_c_o_u_n_t_o_f___environmental issues
[典型例句] He bought the house at a 10% discount. 他以 9 折的价钱买了这座房子。
[思维拓展] offer/give sb. a discount 向某人提供折扣 at a discount 以折扣价；打折 at a discount of 按……的折扣
[巧学妙记] dis-(不)＋count(算)→discount n. 折扣
[思维拓展] press sb. to do/into (doing) sth.催促某人做某事 press for sth.不断要求 press sth. on sb.勉强某人接受 pressure n．压力 press n．按；压(常用单数)；新闻界；报刊(与 the 连用) He gave the bell another press. 他又按了一下门铃。
[思维拓展] function as 起……作用；用作…… This chair can also function as a bed. 这把椅子也可以当床用。
[即学即练] His computer functions ____pr_o_p_e_r_ly___ (proper)．
The Internet of Things in an Enterprise Context
J. Domingue, D. Fensel, and P. Traverso (Eds.): FIS 2008, LNCS 5468, pp. 14–28, 2009.© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009The Internet of Things in an Enterprise ContextStephan Haller 1, Stamatis Karnouskos 2, and Christoph Schroth 31SAP (Schweiz) AG, SAP Research CEC Zürich,Kreuzplatz 20, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland 2 SAP AG, SAP Research CEC Karlsruhe,Vincent-Priessnitz-Strasse 1, D-76131Karlsruhe, Germany 3 SAP (Schweiz) AG, SAP Research CEC St.Gallen,Blumenbergplatz 9, CH-9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland{stephan.haller,stamatis.karnouskos,christoph.schroth}@Abstract. This paper puts the Internet of Things in a wider context: How it re-lates to the Future Internet overall, and where the business value lies so that itwill become interesting for enterprises to invest in it. Real-World Awarenessand Business Process Decomposition are the two major paradigms regarding fu-ture business value. The major application domains where the Internet ofThings will play an important role and where there are concrete business oppor-tunities are highlighted. But there are also many technical challenges that needto be addressed. These are listed and it is shown how they are tackled by exist-ing research projects with industrial participation.Keywords: Internet of Things, Future Internet, Real-World Visibility, BusinessProcess Decomposition, Business Value, SOA, Enterprise Services. 1 IntroductionThe Internet of Things is a term that has been around for several years. It was first intro-duced by the MIT Auto-ID Center, the precursor to the current EPCglobal organisation, and at that time stood for the vision of a world where all physical objects are tagged with an RFID transponder with a globally unique ID – the EPC or electronic product code. RFID easily allows tracking the objects, and the EPC serves as a link to data which can be queried over the Internet about each individual object. Since then, the meaning of the Internet of Things has expanded. Using sensors or sensor networks, additional information about the objects or the environment that they are in can be re-corded as well. Software embedded in the objects enables data processing directly on the item, and in combination with actuators, local control loops can be implemented. The Internet of Things is a key part of the Future Internet. Many new opportunities can be foreseen for citizens as well as for businesses and other organisations, but also for the society as a whole.2 The Internet of Things and the Future InternetThere are currently many terms flying around when trying to characterise the future development of the Internet: In addition to the Internet of Things, there is the InternetThe Internet of Things in an Enterprise Context 15 of Services, 3D Internet, Internet of Content, and Next-Generation Networks, just to name a few. It is important to note that these terms should not be regarded as different “Internets” that will exist in parallel, but rather as different aspects of a common Fu-ture Internet. The European Commission has understood this and is therefore taking concerted action and clustering the research projects it is funding in the 7th Frame-work Programme into what it calls the Future Internet Assembly. Furthermore, col-laborations are on-going and likely will be intensified with similar efforts in the USA and Japan.From an enterprise and economic perspective, the Future Internet is the basis for a web-based service economy [1]. There will be service platforms and a multitude of services available over the Internet, hence the term Internet of Services. The granular-ity of these services will be very different, ranging from high-level business services to low-level sensor services provided by the Internet of Things. The role of the Inter-net of Things is to bridge the gap between the physical world and its representation in information systems. This leads us to our definition of the Internet of Things: “A world where physical objects are seamlessly integrated intothe information network, and where the physical objects can be-come active participants in business processes. Services areavailable to interact with these ‘smart objects‘ over the Internet,query their state and any information associated with them, tak-ing into account security and privacy issues.”It is noteworthy that in this definition, we don’t talk about technologies. RFID, sensor networks, embedded systems etc. are just enabling technologies, and we will see the technologies change over the years, but the main concept behind the Internet of Things will remain. Furthermore, the objects can be passive, as is the case with RFID-tagged objects, or active as in the case of machines with embedded process logic. Key is though the seamless integration into the business processes.3 The Business Value of the Internet of ThingsFor the Internet of Things to become reality and not just stay at the buzz-word and concept level, investments will be needed: to solve current research challenges, to develop the necessary hard- and software, and to deploy the infrastructure required. This will only happen if there is a clear economic benefit. We see two major para-digms from which business value can be derived, which we term real-world visibility and business process decomposition. In the following, we define and explain both these terms before looking at some of the application areas that stand to profit most from the possibilities in the Internet of Things.3.1 Real-World VisibilityThe term real-world visibility denotes the fact that through the use of automated iden-tification and data collection technologies like RFID and sensors it will be possible for a company to better know what actually is happening in the real world, i.e., how16 S. Haller, S. Karnouskos, and C. Schrothits operations are performing and what the status and whereabouts of its assets and products in the supply chain are. This enables what Fleisch et al. call high-resolution management [2]. The increased accuracy and timeliness of information about the business processes provides competitive advantages in terms of process optimisation [3]. The deeper insights gained into the processes allows a better understanding of them at the operational level and leads to their optimisation. Low data entry costs offset the considerable investment currently required, enabling organizations to bene-fit from automated entry and, largely, from continuous, near real-time measurement. Optimized shelf replenishments serve here as a well-known example where ‘out-of-shelf’ situations are avoided, thereby providing optimal product availability for the customer. Shop floor control can similarly be optimized with lot and equipment track-ing functionalities that provide MES and ERP systems with more accurate informa-tion about the physical state and conditions of manufacturing inventories, thereby potentially increasing the efficiency and availability of production plants [4].These example applications make use of the monitoring of the real world and the derived data in order to better control and manage business processes that deal with products and assets, the environment or persons. Sensory information increases the accuracy of real world checks and thus is the foundation of event-driven management. Automated sensing enables a new and much finer granularity of management, since it helps to control what was before uncontrollable. With a network architecture that supports the easy discovery, communication, and usage of events across the enter-prise, events enriched with contextual business information will improve business data quality on all levels.Additionally, (near) real-time analytics combines the usage of enterprise data with incoming sensory information to discover patterns and derive more timely and accu-rate business insight. New strategies and predictions can be generated based on cer-tain pre-configured criteria.3.2 Business Process DecompositionReal-world visibility as described above is what basically is done today with RFID and sensing. Data is collected and sent to a central application, where it is processed and decisions about actions are taken. Business process decomposition takes this a step further, as shown in Fig. 1: A business process is decomposed into process steps, some of which are executed in a distributed manner, even at the edges of the network and on physical items themselves. Hence sometimes the term edge processing is used, and the physical items that can process some business logic are called smart items.Current enterprise strategies already acknowledge a few interfaces to smart items, but with increased computational and communication capabilities of these items, the power shifts towards the edges of the network. Intelligent mechanisms for data aggregation, filtering, fusion and conversion can be deployed to and executed at the network edge, or within the network, as appropriate. The decomposition and decen-tralization of existing business processes increases scalability and performance, allows better decision making and could even lead to new revenue streams through entitlement management of software products deployed on smart items. Software is already the key innovation driver in many industries and many new business models of the future will heavily rely on the use of such items [5].The Internet of Things in an Enterprise Context 17Fig. 1. Traditional vs. decomposed and distributed business processes Edge processing and business process decomposition allows applications to make (part of their) decisions locally in a decentralized manner and act accordingly. It thereby extends the real world visibility concept with real world interaction.In addition to a (central) business application, data is processed locally in a distrib-uted fashion. Actuators, which directly influence the real world, can be integrated as well. Smart items become thereby active participants in the overall business process.Utilizing the computing power and intelligence on smart items or other edge de-vices allow enterprise systems to propagate data and services to these new, potentially underutilised, run time environments. It allows local decision-making and early ag-gregation and filtering of raw sensor data. However, it also requires innovation in distributed computing and network utilization.Based on this paradigm shift, a new need arises for design time environments that allow modelling of business applications through a decentralized optimization strat-egy, taking into account all business objects, business processes, services, as well as processing, sensing and communication capabilities of smart items. New and opti-mized business processes can be modelled as collections of these ‘artefacts’ based on specific policies. Self-organisation in this context describes the adaptability of the model during deployment. Changes in the environment (e.g. location change, connec-tivity outage, reconfiguration of business processes etc.) require reorganization of the deployed components during run time to meet given Quality of Service (QoS) constraints.In summary, edge processing can bring significant benefits, but this comes at a cost of increased management complexity. The decomposition of business processes can be seen as an evolutionary continuation of enterprise service-oriented architectures (E-SOA). E-SOA enables the efficient decomposition of large segments of functional-ity into largely decoupled components. In essence, E-SOA is a set of architectural components for building autonomous yet interoperable composites. The convergence of computing and networking technologies and the trends to increased intelligence of smart items opens the opportunity of applying these concepts to the real world. Be-cause of the increased management complexity however, it has to be determined for each application on a case-by-case basis if distributed business logic is appropriate. The following are criteria that indicate an advantage for a decentralized approach:18 S. Haller, S. Karnouskos, and C. Schroth−Responsiveness of the overall system, since unnecessary ‘expensive’ communica-tion round-trips are eliminated−Scalability, since the execution of business logic is distributed−Network independence: The system will also work when there is no connection to backend systems, e.g., during transportation or in temporary storage areas.3.3 Major Application AreasIn the past, the benefits of RFID and related technologies have mainly been applied to supply chain logistics applications in the consumer products and retail industries. While these will remain an important cornerstone also in the future, we see with the expanded definition of the Internet of Things many other interesting application do-mains. Some of the most promising ones are discussed below.Manufacturing. Due to the rapid advances in the embedded systems domain, the manufacturing domain is undergoing significant changes as ubiquitous computing is applied to the shop floor. An entirely new dynamic network of cooperating devices can be created which effectively shows that the Internet of Things can reshape the manufacturing domain. Currently, shop floor intelligent systems based on distributed embedded devices concentrate the programming of the behaviour and intelligence on a handful of large monolithic computing resources accompanied by large numbers of “dumb” devices. The intelligence and behaviour are tailored and individually pro-grammed for each application.As SOA concepts are becoming the de-facto standard to connect to enterprise ap-plications, there has been a move also in the automation domain towards putting web services on the devices themselves and giving them the capability of providing their functionality as a service. This will create eventually cross-layer web service mash-ups, with services hosted at the enterprise, middleware and device level [6].The key idea is to provide the same interoperability and ease of integration of de-vices as is the case with service mash-ups. All the devices would offer their function-ality as a web service. Device integration thus means service integration, focusing on the functionality a device offers and not on the particular device technology. This not only creates a new paradigm on the shop floor, but it also would encourage the devel-opment of new devices in the automation industry that offer embedded web services. Furthermore, it would kick-start collaboration at the lowest level, i.e., among the devices themselves, as well as offer new opportunities by effectively connecting the vendor-locked isolated islands of today.Supply Chain Integrity. Internet of Things technologies allow the tracking of the location and the state of an object throughout the full product life-cycle and through-out the supply chain. Nowadays this is already used to detect diversions into illicit or grey markets as well as the introduction of counterfeit products [7]. But this is just one part of ensuring complete integrity of the supply chain. Complete integrity though includes many other aspects. First of all, there is the physical integrity of the product itself. Sensors can be used to ensure that the product was never exposed to potentially damaging environmental conditions, e.g., that safe temperature or shock levels never were exceeded. Secondly, there is the integrity of the transportation routes, i.e. thatThe Internet of Things in an Enterprise Context 19 the product never was in an area where it was not allowed to be. For example, haz-ardous goods may not be transported through heavily populated or environmentally sensitive areas because of the severe effects of an accident. For the same reason, some means of transportation may be forbidden, and other areas might be off-limits due to fears of unauthorized access to a product. And thirdly, there is the integrity of a prod-uct and all its subcomponents regarding the means of production. Here in particular environmental compliance is important. It must be ensured that the final product doesn’t exceed certain levels regarding emissions and carbon footprint. With the problem of global warming, we believe that especially this last point will be a driving factor for research and development. Internet of Things technologies will enable the recording of all the emissions that were generated in the production and transportation of every subcomponent across multiple levels of a complex supply chain. In general, the new technologies will be used to ensure full compliance of all participants of the supply chain to a set of agreed-upon rules: legal regulations, internal policies and service-level agreements. Time is important in most cases: The violation of certain temporal boundaries would mean a possible breach of integrity.Energy. In the quest for providing abundant clean, secure and affordable energy, Europe and the rest of the world are investing heavily in ICT in the energy domain. The usage of modern technologies, coupled with concepts coming from the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services will lead to a paradigm change. Innovative new technologies and concepts will emerge as we move towards a more dynamic, service-based, market-driven infrastructure, where energy efficiency and savings can be better addressed though interactive distribution networks. One example from the energy area that shows the importance of the Internet of Things is the creation of an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI).AMI refers to systems that measure, collect, and analyze energy usage from ad-vanced devices such as electricity, gas, and water meters. Communication can either be on request or on a pre-defined schedule. These devices are usually referred to as smart meters. Smart meters can be either considered as sensors with wireless capa-bilities themselves, or they are expected to cooperate with (wireless) sensor networks at home in order to deliver their data. Driven by new regulation and the global energy crisis, in the United States advanced metering with embedded wireless sensor net-works has grown from a few thousand units in 2004 to 1.5 million smart meters this year, according to a survey by ON World. ON World projects that the global wireless sensor networking smart meter and demand response market will be worth $1.6 bil-lion in 2011.Smart meters empower an advanced metering infrastructure which is able to react almost in real time, provide fine-grained energy production or consumption info and adapt its behaviour proactively. These smart meters will be multi-utility ones, manag-ing not only electricity but also gas and heat, and they will depend on multiple (wire-less) sensors. New information-dependent intelligent energy management systems will be needed for an infrastructure capable of supporting the deregulated energy market. Smart meters will have to be installed for millions of households and compa-nies and get connected to transaction platforms.Smart meters provide new opportunities and challenges in networked embedded system design and electronics integration. They will be able not only to provide (near)20 S. Haller, S. Karnouskos, and C. Schrothreal-time data, but also process them and take decisions based on their capabilities and collaboration with external services. That in turn will have a significant impact on existing and future energy management models. Decision and policy makers will be able to base their actions on real-world, real-time data and not just on simple predic-tions. Households and companies will be able to react to market fluctuations by increasing or decreasing consumption or production, thus directly contributing to increased energy efficiency.Health. In the health sector, RFID is now being used by some hospitals like the Jena University hospital in Germany [8] to optimise both the logistics processes as well as to provide better care, to track equipment, patients – in particular, new-born babies – and medications. This benefits both the health care providers in the form of cost savings as well as the patients, since false treatments can be avoided. The expected usage of wireless sensors as well as the emerging interconnection of all devices in the hospitals will increasingly change the landscape. Even bigger potential comes though with the expected ageing of society with the associated rise of health care costs: The Internet of Things will be essential in realising the vision of ambient assisted living. Automotive. In the automotive industry, sensors and embedded systems already play a large role. These will become even more important when these are integrated into a future “Internet of Vehicles”: Car-to-X Communication, as it is more commonly known, denotes communication between vehicles as well as between vehicles and certain road-side infrastructure. This has turned into a very important research area over the last few years: Several different use-cases have been proposed and analyzed which range from safety-related warning systems over information and entertainment applications to Car-to-Business scenarios. In case the vehicles are wireless enabled (car manufacturers are currently investing into the definition of a common standard), feature a communication module and sensors for detecting road conditions and local dangers, they may autonomously connect to each other and exchange information (we refer to these temporary and autonomously organized connections as Vehicular Ad hoc Networks). When detecting hazards or blockings on the road as visualized, these vehicles can generate appropriate messages containing a description, their geographi-cal position and many more application-dependent pieces of information. Messages may be immediately broadcasted to all other cars within communication range, which in turn can store, evaluate and forward them.Besides such applications with a safety improvement focus, other scenarios en-compass the communication of vehicles with backend business services. Based on car-to-infrastructure communication technologies, cars may consume services such as remote diagnosis in case of break-downs, software version management, and other applications in the field of Vehicle Relationship Management. These exemplary sce-narios show that vehicles are about to become smart items interacting over partly decentralized (ad-hoc) networks and partly over stable infrastructure-based Internet connections. The shift away from “mute and autistic” cars towards intelligent and proactive sensor nodes allows for both the above-mentioned real-world visibility and for business process decomposition: Firstly, cars are enabled to gather fine-granular information about their environments and their own status in order to facilitate better services (e.g., for central traffic management, anti-theft-, or smart insurance pricingThe Internet of Things in an Enterprise Context 21 applications). Secondly, vehicles become truly autonomous, intelligent items which are capable of performing event-based business logic in a decentralized fashion. Safety-related applications rely on cars being able to independently sense road condi-tions, create proper warning messages, disseminate them appropriately in temporary, ever-changing ad hoc networks and continuously evaluate them for their current rele-vance. Significant intelligence is thus allocated to the edges of vehicular networks, following the vision of an Internet of Vehicles.Insurance. Insurance companies are assessing the consequences and potential bene-fits of new technologies and their applications. The considered technology trends lead potentially to a “high-resolution world”, which will allow insurance companies to better estimate and manage risks, enabling the setting of individual insurance rates as well as better decisions what to underwrite. It will also allow them to minimise losses by preventing accidents and damage events or at least reducing their severity thanks to early detection and intervention, and by helping to locate missing persons, animals or things. Furthermore, costs can be reduced by automating the claims management processes. Besides direct benefits (e.g., less costs due to less damage events), the main opportunity for insurance companies is to use the technologies to differentiate their offering from the competition – innovative offerings – and to increase the num-ber of contacts with their customers. While in the past insurance companies only dealt with customers when signing a policy and when settling a claim, now they can lever-age technology to frequently discuss how individual risks could be measured or reduced and how this could influence existing contracts or initiate new ones. In the case of loss, the technology also enables the insurance company to provide immediate and better assistance to their customers.4 Major Technical IssuesThe Internet of Things promises many opportunities and socio-economic benefits. However, there still are a number of technical as well as governance issues that need to be solved in order to realize the vision. In the following, we highlight some of what we believe to be major issues in the years ahead.4.1 Internet ScalabilityThe Internet currently consists of more than 540 million hosts [9] and 1.4 billion users [10]. The Internet of Things will possibly have trillions of things connected. As an example of scale, let’s assume that each thing will have its own IP address. IPv6 could accommodate 2128 (about 3.4×1038) things, which raises the number of possible participants in the Future Internet by several orders of magnitude. As a result of con-nectivity, the data volumes will significantly increase; and in addition to discrete data we will see more and more streaming data, e.g., from sensors and cameras being transmitted over the Internet. Traditional client-server paradigms and methods of data processing where all data is collected and processed in a central instance will not suffice. A paradigm change needs to be undertaken. Considering the advances in the computing capabilities that are now available within the network as well as on its22 S. Haller, S. Karnouskos, and C. Schrothedges, new models and algorithms will need to be developed that can depend on “in-network” and “on-edge” processing with the help of information fetched from enterprise systems.Scalability has been recognized as an important topic since the days the term “Inter-net of Things” was first used. Several methods exist and will have to be used in combi-nation to achieve the desired scalability: filtering of irrelevant data, aggregating data to a higher semantic level, event-driven architectures and complex event processing, as well as the execution of business logic at the edges and on physical items themselves. The key is to reduce the number of messages and the amount of data transmitted throughout all the layers of the system; to that end data should be evaluated locally and where it makes sense, while propagation should be done only if a network-wide usage is expected or where there are clear application requirements for doing so.Regarding the management of networks and devices, the focus currently is on the self-* research that includes self-configuration (automatic configuration of compo-nents), self-healing (automatic discovery and correction of faults), self-optimization (automatic monitoring and control of resources to ensure the optimal functioning with respect to the defined requirements) and self-protection (proactive identification and protection from arbitrary attacks).As an example of testing scalability issues, within the IST FP6 SOCRADES [11] project we have embedded web services on a variety of devices. These devices pro-vide their functionality as a service to which other entities can subscribe and get the status of the device and/or its sensor results. In our preliminary research we have successfully managed to simulate approx. 25’000 such web-service enabled devices, generated and hosted within a single Java virtual machine. As expected however, the overhead on the communication channel increased tremendously (as every second each one of these devices would both try to propagate its values to the subscribers, as well as to answer new discovery requests). In the Future Internet such operations will be much more common, requiring the right architectural decisions to be made. Event-Driven Architectures and Complex Event Processing (CEP) will gain significance, as this will be one major tool to manage complex data evaluations and extract meaning-ful and business relevant correlations.Continued development and testing for scalability is needed. The IST FP7 project SENSEI [12] is addressing this by setting up a large-scale distributed Pan-European test bed for sensor and actuator based ambient intelligence.4.2 Identification and AddressingIn order to be able to address the billions of entities in the Internet of Things, we first need to be able to identify them with a unique ID. That ID can also be used to find other information about the entity of interest. The EPC Network [13] as proposed by EP-Cglobal is one possible implementation of such a scheme. The EPC is used as a unique ID, and via the ONS the EPCIS server of the manufacturer of the product can be found where further information on the product can be looked up. However, for the unique identification of objects other approaches exist: In Japan, the ucode [14] is gaining popularity, and other groups – especially when we are talking about smart items – pro-pose to use IPv6 addresses for this purpose. Furthermore, there are many well-established industry-specific IDs that at least so far have not been mapped to EPCs.。
the internet of things英语阅读理解
the internet of things英语阅读理解阅读短文，回答1-3题。
The Internet of Things(IoT) (物联网) aims to get everything and everyone talking. Attaching sensors to “things”,such as cows, cars and refrigerator, and then assigning them unique IP addresses allow them to “talk” to the Internet. Of course, the loT will involve much more than a handful of sensors. Networking company Cisco estimates that 50 billion Internet-connected devices and objects will be sending over data by 2020.1.How do researchers get everything and everyone talking?A.By establishing the loT and launching a handful of sensors.B.By connecting sensors with them and appointing them unique IP addresses.C.By communicating with them all the time through the IoT.D.By sending people to track them day and night and collect useful data.2.What else do critics worry about the loT besides its probablyending up being a fashion?A.People will lose interest in it as quickly as the thrill over last year's smartphone.B.Refrigerators and washing machines will be replaced by other devices in a few years.C.Whether related companies will provide long-term software updates or not.D.The software provided by companies will be outdated easily and quickly.3.According to the passage,when owners of the Telsa Model S electric received a recall notice, they __________________.A.just waited in the car while the maintenance is being done through wireless update.B.were required to go to the nearest 4S store to make some adjustments or repairs.C.could definitely depend on the loT to send them the charger plug to be fixed.D.had to confirm the update with the help of the equipment provided by the company.【答案】1-3 BCA.。
职高考英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟满分：150分一、选择题（共40题，每题2分，共计80分）1. The manager's decision was ________ by the board of directors.A. approvedB. deniedC. delayedD. delayed2. Could you please ________ the meeting room for the conference?A. set upB. set asideC. set downD. set off3. The company's sales have ________ significantly over the past year.A. improvedB. decreasedC. remainedD. fluctuated4. It's important to keep up with the latest technology to stay competitive in the market.A. in placeB. in mindC. in touchD. in sight5. The project is expected to ________ by the end of the year.A. be completedB. have completedC. have been completedD. have been completing6. The new software has greatly ________ our efficiency in data processing.A. increasedB. decreasedC. maintainedD. reversed7. We need to ________ the inventory before the end of the month.A. reviewB. reviseC. reviseD. revise8. The team leader was praised for his ________ in handling the crisis.A. presence of mindB. presence of bodyC. presence of thoughtD. presence of action9. The customer service department is responsible for ________ customer complaints.A. receivingB. addressingC. resolvingD. reporting10. The company has a strong ________ in environmental sustainability.A. commitmentB. preferenceC. influenceD. tradition二、完形填空（共15题，每题2分，共计30分）The global market is constantly evolving, and companies must adapt to stay competitive. One key aspect of this adaptation is the use of technology. Below are some important points to consider:In the past, companies relied heavily on traditional methods for communication and data storage. However, with the advent of the internet and digital technologies, these methods have become outdated. Today, companies need to embrace new technologies to improve their operations.One of the most significant technological advancements is cloud computing. It allows companies to store and access data remotely, which is much more efficient than traditional on-premises solutions. Additionally, cloud computing offers scalability, which means companies can easily adjust their resources based on their needs.Another important technology is artificial intelligence (AI). AI can be used to automate various tasks, such as customer service and data analysis. This not only saves time but also reduces the chances of human error. AI can also help companies make better decisions by analyzing large amounts of data quickly and accurately.Mobile technology has also played a crucial role in the transformation of the global market. With the rise of smartphones and tablets, employees can now access work-related information and applications fromanywhere, at any time. This has increased productivity and flexibility, allowing companies to operate more efficiently.In conclusion, the global market is becoming increasingly technology-driven. Companies that fail to embrace new technologies will find it difficult to compete. By leveraging cloud computing, AI, and mobile technology, companies can improve their operations, increase efficiency, and ultimately achieve greater success.11. The word "outdated" in the first paragraph can be replaced by:A. modernB. innovativeC. ineffectiveD. advanced12. The sentence "Additionally, cloud computing offers scalability" can be best rephrased as:A. Moreover, cloud computing provides flexibility.B. Furthermore, cloud computing allows expansion.C. Moreover, cloud computing ensures adaptability.D. Furthermore, cloud computing offers expansion.13. The word "advancements" in the second paragraph can be replaced by:A. improvementsB. developmentsC. breakthroughsD. innovations14. The sentence "This not only saves time but also reduces the chances of human error" can be best rephrased as:A. This saves time and reduces the risk of human mistakes.B. This saves time and decreases the likelihood of human errors.C. This saves time and minimizes the chance of human errors.D. This saves time and lessens the risk of human mistakes.15. The word "crucial" in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by:A. essentialB. importantC. vitalD. significant三、阅读理解（共5篇，每篇5题，共计25分）Passage 1The importance of teamwork in the workplace cannot be overstated. In today's fast-paced business environment, collaboration among employeesis crucial for achieving organizational goals. Here are some reasons why teamwork is essential:1. Improved Communication: Teamwork fosters open communication, allowing employees to share ideas, insights, and feedback. This leads to better decision-making and problem-solving.2. Increased Productivity: When employees work together, they can divide tasks and leverage each other's strengths. This leads to increased productivity and efficiency.3. Enhanced Creativity: Diverse teams bring together different perspectives and experiences, which can lead to innovative ideas and solutions.4. Better Employee Engagement: When employees feel valued and connected to their team, they are more likely to be engaged and motivated.5. Improved Customer Satisfaction: A cohesive team can provide better customer service, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of teamwork in the workplace.B. The challenges of teamwork in the workplace.C. The role of teamwork in customer service.D. The importance of communication in the workplace.17. According to the passage, what is one of the benefits of teamwork?A. Reduced communication.B. Increased conflict.C. Improved individual performance.D. Enhanced creativity.18. The word "cohesive" in the fifth paragraph can be replaced by:A. disjointedB. collaborativeC. independentD. competitivePassage 2The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity. This network enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The IoT has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing.In healthcare, IoT devices can monitor patients' vital signs and transmit data to healthcare providers in real-time. This allows for early detection and intervention, leading to better patient outcomes. In transportation, IoT can optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, andimprove safety. In manufacturing, IoT can enhance productivity and efficiency by providing real-time insights into production processes.19. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of the Internet of Things.B. The benefits of the Internet of Things in various industries.C. The challenges of implementing the Internet of Things.D. The future of the Internet of Things.20. According to the passage, how can IoT improve healthcare?A. By reducing the number of hospitals.B. By increasing the number of doctors.C. By providing real-time data to healthcare providers.D. By improving the quality of hospital beds.21. The word "optimize" in the second paragraph can be replaced by:A. improveB. decreaseC. increaseD. reducePassage 3In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards remote work, or telecommuting. This trend is driven by several factors, including advancements in technology, changing work-life balance priorities, and the desire for flexibility. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of remote work:Advantages:1. Increased productivity: Many employees find that they are more productive when working from home.2. Cost savings: Remote work can save companies money on office space and utilities.3. Improved work-life balance: Employees can spend more time with their families and have more control over their schedules.Disadvantages:1. Isolation: Some employees may feel isolated and disconnected from their colleagues.2. Distractions: Working from home can be filled with distractions, such as household chores and noise.3. Security concerns: Remote work can pose security risks if proper precautions are not taken.22. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of remote work.B. The advantages and disadvantages of remote work.C. The impact of remote work on the workplace.D. The challenges of remote work.23. According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of remote work?A. Increased commuting time.B. Decreased productivity.C. More social interactions.D. Improved work-life balance.24. The word "distractions" in the second paragraph can be replaced by:A. benefitsB. advantagesC. challengesD. drawbacksPassage 4E-commerce has become an integral part of the global economy. It has transformed the way businesses operate and consumers shop. Here are some key trends in e-commerce:1. Mobile Commerce: A growing number of consumers are using their smartphones to shop online. Companies need to optimize their websitesfor mobile devices to cater to this trend.2. Personalization: E-commerce platforms are increasingly using data analytics to personalize the shopping experience for customers. This can include personalized recommendations, targeted marketing, and personalized customer service.3. Social Commerce: Social media platforms have become important channels for e-commerce. Companies are leveraging social media to reach new customers and drive sales.4. Sustainability: Consumers are becoming more conscious of the environmental impact of their purchases. Companies that prioritize sustainability are gaining a competitive edge.25. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of e-commerce.B. The trends in e-commerce.C. The challenges of e-commerce.D. The future of e-commerce.26. According to the passage, what is one of the key trends in e-commerce?A. Increased competition.B. Declining sales.C. Mobile commerce.D. Decreased customer satisfaction.27. The word "optimize" in the first paragraph can be replaced by:A. improveB. decreaseC. increaseD. reducePassage 5Cybersecurity is a critical concern for businesses and individuals alike. With the increasing number of cyber threats, it is essential to take steps to protect sensitive data and systems. Here are some important cybersecurity best practices:1. Use Strong Passwords: Passwords should be complex and unique for each account. Consider using a password manager to keep track of them.2. Keep Software Updated: Regularly update your operating system, antivirus software, and other applications to protect against vulnerabilities.3. Be Wary of Phishing Scams: Be cautious of emails, messages, and phone calls that ask for personal information or direct you to suspicious websites.4. Use Two-Factor Authentication: Two-factor authentication adds anextra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification, such as a code sent to your phone.5. Backup Your Data: Regularly backup your important files and data to protect against data loss due to cyber attacks or other unforeseen events.28. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of cybersecurity.B. The importance of cybersecurity.C. The challenges of cybersecurity.D. The future of cybersecurity.29. According to the passage, what is one of the best practices for cybersecurity?A. Using weak passwords.B. Not updating software.C. Clicking on suspicious links.D. Not using two-factor authentication.30. The word "vulnerabilities" in the second paragraph can be replaced by:A. strengthsB. weaknessesC. opportunitiesD. threats四、写作（共1题，共计40分）Write an essay on the following topic:How has technology changed the way businesses operate in the past decade? Discuss the positive and negative impacts of these changes on the workforce and the economy.（请在此处写出一篇不少于200字的作文）。
物联网介绍(英文) PPT
RFID tags
• RFID is a kind of sensor technology. • RFID technology is the integration of
radio frequency technology and embedded technology. • RFID has broad application prospects at automatic identification and goods logistics management
Embedded System Technology
• It is a combination of computer hardware and software, sensor technology, integrated circuit technology, electronic applications for the integration of complex technologies
• It means things and things or people and things are connected with each other by the technology.They can communicate with each other in a new way.
the internet of things
自1997年起，国际电联发起了名为“对网络的挑战”互联网系列报告，本次报告《国际电信联盟ITU互联网报告2005：物联网》是该系列之七。
本报告由国际电联的战略和政策团队所写，报告所关注的是下一步通信中的新技术，如无限射频识别（RFID）和互连的网络设备的智能计算。
从轮胎到牙刷，各类物体在不久的将来会实现相互通信，这预示着一个新时代的黎明，也许就是今天的互联网让位于明天的互联网该报告共六章，具体内容如下：第一章，介绍物联网及其关键技术，如无处不在的网络，下一代网络，无处不在的计算。
第二章，应用技术，研究了将驱动物联网未来的技术，包括无线互联网，射频识别（RFID），传感器技术，智能物体，纳米技术和小型化;第三章，塑造市场，探讨了这些市场的技术潜力，以及抑制市场增长的因素，着眼于说明在特定的行业中物联网将改变传统的商业模式;第四章，新挑战，思索着障碍走向标准化和事物互联网的更广泛影响的社会，例如增加对隐私权的关注;第五章，世界发展中的机遇，提出了这些技术可能给发展中国家带来的好处，本身也成为导致用户和市场的驱动因素;第六章，用大框图将所有因素联系在一起，并得出未来10年我们的生活方式将发生怎样的改变。
About the Report (1)1 What is the Internet of Things? (2)2 Technologies for the Internet of Things (3)3 Market Opportunities (6)4 Challenges and Concerns (8)5 Implications for the Developing World (10)6 2020: A Day in the Life (12)7 A New Ecosystem (13)Table of Contents (16)About the Report“The Internet of Things” is the seventh in the series of ITU Internet Reports originally launched in 1997 under the title “Challenges to the Network”. This edition has been specially prepared for the second phase of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), to be held in Tunis, 16-18 November 2005.Written by a team of analysts from the Strategy and Policy Unit (SPU) of ITU, the report takes a look at the next step in “always on” communications, in which new technologies like radio-frequency identification (RFID) and smart computing promise a world of networked and interconnected devices. Everything from tyres to toothbrushes might soon be in communications range, heralding the dawn of a new era; one in which today’s Internet (of data and people) gives way to tomorrow’s Internet of Things.The report consists of six chapters as follows:Chapter one,Introducing the Internet of Things, explores the key technical visions underlying the Internet of Things, such as ubiquitous networks, next-generation networks and ubiquitous computing;Chapter two, Enabling Technologies, examines the technologies that will drive the future Internet of Things, including radio-frequency identification (RFID), sensor technologies, smartthings, nanotechnology and miniaturization;Chapter three, Shaping the Market, explores the market potential of these technologies, as well as factors inhibiting market growth. It looks at new business models in selected industries to illustrate how the Internet of Things is changing the way firms do business;Chapter four, Emerging Challenges, contemplates the hurdles towards standardization and the wider implications of the Internet of Things for society, such as growing concerns over privacy;Chapter five, Opportunities for the Developing World, sets out some of the benefits these technologies offer to developing countries that may themselves become lead users and drivers of the market;Chapter six, The Big Picture, draws these threads together and concludes on how our lifestyles may be transformed over the next decade. The Statistical annex presents the latest data and charts for more than 200 economies worldwide in their use of ICTs.This Executive Summary, published separately, provides a synopsis of the full report, which is available for purchase (at the catalogue price of CHF 100) on the ITU website at www.itu.int/publications under General Secretariat.1 What is the Internet of Things?Over a decade ago, the late Mark Weiser developed a seminal vision of future technological ubiquity one in which the increasing “availability of processing power would be accompani ed by its decreasing visibilityWe are standing on the brink of a new ubiquitous computing and communication era, one that will radically transform our corporate, community, and personal spheres. Over a decade ago, the late Mark Weiser developed a seminal vision of future technological ubiquity – one in which the increasing “availability” of processing power would be accompanied by its decreasing “visibility”. As he observed, “the most profound technologies are those that disappear…they weave themselves in to the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it”. Early forms of ubiquitous information and communication networks are evident in the widespread use of mobile phones: the number of mobile phones worldwide surpassed 2 billion in mid-2005. These little gadgets have become an integral and intimate part of everyday life for many millions of people, even more so than the internet.Today, developments are rapidly under way to take this phenomenon an important step further, by embedding short-range mobile transceivers into a wide array of additional gadgets and everyday items, enabling new forms of communication between people and things, and between things themselves. A new dimension has been added to the world of information and communication technologies (ICTs): from anytime, any place connectivity for anyone, we willnow have connectivity for anything (Figure 1).Connections will multiply andcreate an entirely new dynamic networkof networks – an Internet of Things. TheInternet of Things is neither sciencefiction nor industry hype, but is basedon solid technological advances andvisions of network ubiquity that arezealously being realized.2 Technologies for the Internet of ThingsThe Internet of Things is a technological revolution that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development depends on dynamic technical innovation in a number of important fields, from wireless sensors to nanotechnology.First, in order to connecteveryday objects and devices tolarge databases and networks – andindeed to the network of networks(the internet) – a simple,unobtrusive and cost-effectivesystem of item identification iscrucial. Only then can data aboutthings be collected and processed.Radio-frequency identification(RFID) offers this functionality.Second, data collection will benefitfrom the ability to detect changes inthe physical status of things, using sensor technologies. Embedded intelligence in the things themselves can further enhance the power of the network by devolving information processing capabilities to the edges of the network. Finally, advances in miniaturization and nanotechnology mean that smaller and smaller things will have the ability to interact and connect (Figure 2). A combination of all of these developments will create an Internet of Things that connects the world’s objects in both a sensory and an intelligent manner.Indeed, with the benefit of integrated information processing, industrial products and everyday objects will take on smart characteristics and capabilities. They may also take on electronic identities that can be queried remotely, or be equipped with sensors for detecting physical changes around them. Eventually, even particles as small as dust might be tagged andnetworked. Such developments will turn the merely static objects of today into newly dynamic things, embedding intelligence in our environment, and stimulating the creation of innovative products and entirely new services.RFID technology, which uses radio waves to identify items, is seen as one of the pivotal enablers of the Internet of Things. Although it has sometimes been labelled as the next-generation of bar codes, RFID systems offer much more in that they can track items in real-time to yield important information about their location and status. Early applications of RFID include automatic highway toll collection, supply-chain management (for large retailers), pharmaceuticals (for the prevention of counterfeiting) and e-health (for patient monitoring). More recent applications range from sports and leisure (ski passes) to personal security (tagging children at schools). RFID tags are even being implanted under human skin for medical purposes, but also for VIP access to bars like the Baja Beach Club in Barcelona. E-government applications such as RFID in drivers’ licences, passports or cash are under consideration. RFID readers are now being embedded in mobile phones. Nokia, for instance, released its RFID-enabled phones for businesses with workforces in the field in mid-2004 and plans to launch consumer handsets by 2006.The Internet of Things is a technological revolution that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development depends on dynamic technical innovation in a number of important fields, from wireless sensors to nanotechnology.In addition to RFID, the ability todetect changes in the physical status ofthings is also essential for recordingchanges in the environment. In this regard,sensors play a pivotal role in bridging thegap between the physical and virtualworlds, and enabling things to respond tochanges in their physical environment.Sensors collect data from theirenvironment, generating information andraising awareness about context. Forexample, sensors in an electronic jacketcan collect information about changes in external temperature and the parameters of the jacket can be adjusted accordingly.Embedded intelligence in things themselves will further enhance the power of the network.Embedded intelligence in things themselves will distribute processing power to the edges of the network, offering greater possibilities for data processing and increasing the resilience of the network.This will also empower things and devices at the edges of the network to take independent decisions. “Smart things” are difficult to define, but imply a certain processing power and reaction to external stimuli. Advances in smart homes, smart vehicles and personal robotics are some of the leading areas. Research on wearable computing (including wearable mobilityvehicles) is swiftly progressing. Scientists are using their imagination to develop new devices and appliances, such as intelligent ovens that can be controlled through phones or the internet, online refrigerators and networked blinds (Figure 3).The Internet of Things will draw on the functionality offered by all of these technologies to realize the vision of a fully interactive and responsive network environment.3 Market OpportunitiesThe technologies of the Internet of Things offer immense potential to consumers, manufacturers and firms. However, for these ground-breaking innovations to grow from idea to specific product or application for the mass market, a difficult process of commercialization is required, involving a wide array of players including standard development organizations, national research centres, service providers, network operators, and lead users (Figure 4).From their original inception and throughout the R&D phase, new ideas and technologies must find champions to take them to the production phase. The time to market, too, requires key “lead users” that can push the innovation forward. To date, the technologies driving the Internet of Things are notable for the strong involvement of the private sector, e.g. through industry fora and consortia. Yet public sector involvement is growing, through national strategies for technical development (e.g. nanotechnology) and in sector-specific investments in healthcare, defence or education.RFID is the most mature of the enabling technologies with established standardization protocols and commercial applications reaching the wider market. The global market for RFIDproducts and services is growing fast, with sizeable revenues of between USD 1.5-1.8 billion by 2004. However, this is dwarfed by the total revenues expected over the medium- to long-term, with the spread of smart cards and RFID in all kinds of consumer products, including mobile phones.Changing business strategies is the name of the game…Wireless sensor networks are widely used in industries such as automotive, homeland security, medical, aerospace, home automation, remote monitoring, structural and environmental monitoring. Estimates of their market potential vary (partly due to different definitions), but analysts forecast that as their unit price falls, the number of units deployed will grow significantly. Meanwhile, robotics is expanding into new markets. At present, the market share of industrial robotics is larger than that of personal and service robotics, but this is set to change, as the personal robotics segment is expected to lead future market growth.Changing business strategies is the name of the game, in particular in the retail, automotive and telecommunication industries. Firms are embracing the underlying technologies of the Internet of Things to optimize their internal processes, expand their traditional markets and diversify into new businesses.4 Challenges and ConcernsBuilding on the potential benefits offered by the Internet of Things poses a number of challenges, not only due to the nature of the enabling technologies but also to the sheer scale of their deployment. Technological standardization in most areas is still in its infancy, or remains fragmented. Not surprisingly, managing and fostering rapid innovation is a challenge for governments and industry alike. Standardization is essential for the mass deployment and diffusion of any technology. Nearly all commercially successful technologies have undergone some pro cess of standardization to achieve mass market penetration. Today’s internet and mobile phones would not have thrived without standards such as TCP/IP and IMT-2000.Successful standardization in RFID was initially achieved through the Auto-ID Center and now by EPC Global. However, efforts are under way in different forums (ETSI, ISO, etc...) and there have been calls for the increased involvement of ITU in the harmonization of RFID protocols. Wireless sensor networks have received a boost through the work of the ZigBee Alliance, among others. By contrast, standards in nanotechnology and robotics are far more fragmented, with a lack of common definitions and a wide variety of regulating bodies.One of the most important challenges in convincing users to adopt emerging technologies is the protection of data and privacy. Concerns over privacy and data protection are widespread, particularly as sensors and smart tags can track users’ movements, habits and ongoing preferences. When everyday items come equipped with some or all of the five senses (such as sight and smell) combined with computing and communication capabilities, concepts of data request and data consent risk becoming outdated. Invisible and constant data exchange between things and people, and between things and other things, will occur unknown to the owners and originators of such data. The sheer scale and capacity of the new technologies will magnify this problem. Who will ultimately control the data collected by all the eyes and ears embedded in the environment surrounding us?Public concerns and active campaigns by consumers have already hampered commercial trials of RFID by two well-known retailers. To promote a more widespread adoption of the technologies underlying the Internet of Things, principles of informed consent, data confidentiality and security must be safeguarded. Moreover, protecting privacy must not be limited to technical solutions, but encompass regulatory, market-based and socio-ethical considerations (Figure 5). Unless there are concerted efforts involving all government, civil society and private sector players to protect these values, the development of the Internet of Things will be hampered if not prevented. It is only through awareness of these technological advances, and the challenges they present, that we can seize the future benefits of a fair and user-centric Internet of Things.When everyday items come equipped with some or all of the five senses… combined with computing and communication capabilities, concepts of data request and data consent risk becoming outdated.5 Implications for the Developing WorldThe technologies discussed in this report are not just the preserve of industrialized countries. These technologies have much to offer for the developing world and can lead to tangible applications in, inter alia, medical diagnosis and treatment, cleaner water, improved sanitation, energy production, the export of commodities and food security.In line with the global commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) focuses on ICT development through the creation of national e-strategies, the guarantee of universal, ubiquitous, equitable and affordable access to technology and the wider dissemination and sharing of information and knowledge. WSIS commitments go far beyond technological diffusion –there is a pledge for common action towards poverty alleviation, the enhancement of human potential and overall development through communication technologies and related emerging technologies. In this regard, the technologies underlying the Internet of Things offer many potential benefits.One does not have to look far to find examples. In the production and export of commodities, sensor technologies are being used to test the quality and purity of different products, such ascoffee in Brazil and beef in Namibia. RFID has been used to track shipments of beef to the European Union to verify their origin, integrity and handling – essential given present trends in food tracability standards. Such applications help ensure the quality and market expansion of commodities from developing countries.The enabling technologies of the Internet of Things have much to offer developing countries in their goals for improving quality of lifeThe enabling technologies of the Internet of Things have much to offer developing countries in their goals for improving quality of life.Nanofilters in Bangladesh are removing pollutants and ensuring that water is safe to drink. Nano-sensors can be used to monitor water quality at reduced cost, while nanomembranes can assist in the treatment of wastewater. Research is under way to apply nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, including the diagnosis of HIV and AIDS, as well as nano-drugs for other diseases. Emerging technologies could also improve the quality and reliability of conventional drugs for the developing world: RFID, for example, can track the origin of safe drugs thereby reducing counterfeit.Sensor technologies can monitor vulnerable environments and prevent or limit natural disasters. Extensive and effective systems are needed to ensure early warning and evacuation, thereby reducing loss of life due to natural disasters. Special robots have for instance been used for mine detection to save lives and limbs in conflict zones. Commercial applications are already beingdeployed in countries like India, Thailand and Turkey, among others.Next-generation communication technologies may well originate in the larger growth markets of the developing world –China and India, in particular. The substantial research programmes currently being undertaken by these developing giants mean that the implementation of the Internet of Things will be adapted to local conditions and circumstances, as well as to international trade. Wal-Mart, for instance, now requires its suppliers to be RFID-compliant. In 2002, Wal-Mart sourced billions of dollars worth of products from China, i.e. around 12% of the total value of US imports from China during that year. Not surprisingly, China is rapidly preparing itself to become a leader in RFID deployment. Far from being passive followers of the Internet of Things, the developing world stands to greatly influence the implementation and widespread adoption of these emerging technologies.6 2020: A Day in the LifeBut what does the Internet of Things mean in a practical sense for a citizen of the future? Let us imagine for a moment a day in the life of Rosa, a 23-year-old student from Spain, in the year 2020.Rosa has just quarrelled with her boyfriend and needs a little time to herself. She decides to drive secretly to the French Alps in her smart Toyota to spend a weekend at a ski resort. But itseems she must first stop at a garage – her car's RFID sensor system (required by law) has alerted her of possible tyre failure. As she passes through the entrance to her favourite garage, a diagnostic tool using sensors and radio technology conducts a comprehensive check of her car and asks her to proceed to a specialized maintenance terminal. The terminal is equipped with fully automated robotic arms and Rosa confidently leaves her beloved car behind in order to get some coffee. The “Orange Wall” beverage machine knows all about Rosa’s love of iced cof fee and pours it for her after Rosa waves her internet watch for secure payment. When she gets back, a brand new pair of rear tyres has already been installed with integrated RFID tags for monitoring pressure, temperature and deformation.What does the Internet of Things mean in a practical sense for a citizen of the future?The robotic guide then prompts Rosa on the privacy-related options associated with the new tyres. The information stored in her car’s control system is intended for maintenance purpos es but can be read at different points of the car journey where RFID readers are available. However, since Rosa does not want anyone to know (especially her boyfriend) where she is heading, such information is too sensitive to be left unprotected. She therefore chooses to have the privacy option turned on to prevent unauthorized tracking.Finally, Rosa can do some shopping and drives to the nearest mall. She wants to buy that new snowboard jacket with embedded media player and weather-adjusting features. The resort she is heading towards uses a network of wireless sensors to monitor the possibilities of avalanches so she feels both healthy and safe. At the French-Spanish border, there is no need to stop, as Rosa’s car contains information on her driver’s li cence and passport which is automatically transmitted to the minimal border control installations.Suddenly, Rosa gets a video-call on her sunglasses. She pulls over and sees her boyfriend who begs to be forgiven and asks if she wants to spend the weekend together. Her spirits rise and on impulse she gives a speech command to the navigation system to disable the privacy protection, so that her boyfriend’s car might find her location and aim directly for it. Even in a world full of smart interconnected things, human feelings continue to rule.7 A New EcosystemThe internet as we know it is transforming radically. From an academic network for the chosen few, it became a mass-market, consumer-oriented network. Now, it is set to become fully pervasive, interactive and intelligent. Real-time communications will be possible not only by humans but also by things at anytime and from anywhere. The advent of the Internet of Things will create a plethora of innovative applications and services, which will enhance quality of life and reduce inequalities whilst providing new revenue opportunities for a host of enterprising businesses.The development of the Internet of Things will occur within a new ecosystem that will be driven by a number of key players (Figure 6). These players have to operate within a constantlyevolving economic and legal system, which establishes a framework for their endeavours. Nevertheless, the human being should remain at the core of the overall vision, as his or her needs will be pivotal to future innovation in this area. Indeed, technology and markets cannot exist independently from the over-arching principles of a social and ethical system. The Internet of Things will have a broad impact on many of the processes that characterize our daily lives, influencing our behaviour and even our values.For the telecommunication industry, the Internet of Things is an opportunity to capitalize on existing success stories, such as mobile and wireless communications, but also to explore new frontiers. In a world increasingly mediated by technology, we must ensure that the human core to our activities remains untouched. On the road to the Internet of Things, this can only be achieved through people-oriented strategies, and tighter linkages between those that create technology and those that use it. In this way, we will be better equipped to face the challenges that modern life throws our way.Technology and markets cannot exist independently of the over arching principles of a social and ethical systemStatistical Annex: Mobile market data for top 20 economies (ranked by total subscriber numbers) as at 31 December 2004Total subscribers, penetration rate, proportion of which are 3G (IMT-2000) subscribers and price of OECD low-user basket in USD* 3G mobile or IMT-2000 , as defined by ITU includes subscribers to commercially available services using CDMA 2000 1x, CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO and W-CDMA standards.** Limited mobility Wireless Local Loop service available, for which WLL 9,921,780 subscribers at 31 December 2004.Statistical Annex: Broadband market data for top 20 economies (ranked by broadband penetration) as at 31 December 2004Total subscribers, penetration rate, as percentage of total internet subscribers and price in USD per 100 kbps。
2023年江西专升本英语考试真题
2023年江西专升本英语考试真题2023 Jiangxi Adult College Entrance Examination English ExaminationPart I Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to communicate and exchange data with other devices over the internet. This concept has gained popularity in recent years and has the potential to revolutionize various industries.1. What does the Internet of Things refer to?A. A network of interconnected devices with sensors and software.B. A network of interconnected people communicating through technology.C. A network of computers sharing information online.D. A network of devices communicating with each other offline.2. What enables devices to communicate with each other in the Internet of Things?A. Sensors, software, and other technologies.B. Wires connecting the devices.C. Battery power.D. Internet cables.3. How has the concept of the Internet of Things gained popularity?A. It has been around for many years.B. It has been widely publicized in the media.C. It has not gained much attention.D. It is still a relatively new concept.4. What is the potential of the Internet of Things?A. It has the potential to revolutionize various industries.B. It has no potential.C. It is already outdated.D. It is only used for entertainment purposes.5. In what ways can the Internet of Things revolutionize industries?A. By improving efficiency and reducing costs.B. By making things more complicated.C. By creating more problems.D. By increasing waste.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires immediate action. The rise in global temperatures is causing more frequent and severe natural disasters, such as storms, floods, and droughts. It is crucial that individuals, organizations, and governments work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment for future generations.6. What is causing more frequent and severe natural disasters?A. The rise in global temperatures.B. The decrease in global temperatures.C. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions.D. The availability of natural resources.7. What is crucial in addressing climate change?A. Individuals, organizations, and governments working together.B. Ignoring the issue.C. Blaming others.D. Doing nothing.8. Who needs to work together to protect the environment?A. Individuals, organizations, and governments.B. Only individuals.C. Only organizations.D. Only governments.9. Why is it important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?A. To protect the environment for future generations.B. To harm the environment.C. To increase greenhouse gas emissions.D. To ignore the issue of climate change.10. What can individuals, organizations, and governments do to address climate change?A. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.B. Work together.C. Protect the environment for future generations.D. All of the above.Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the global economy, with many businesses forced to close temporarily or permanently. Remote work has become the new norm, with employees working from home using video conferencing and other digital technologies. It is essential for businesses to adapt to the changing landscape and embrace new ways of working to survive in the post-pandemic world.11. What impact has the Covid-19 pandemic had on the global economy?A. Many businesses forced to close temporarily or permanently.B. The global economy has improved.C. Businesses have thrived.D. Remote work has become obsolete.12. What has become the new norm for employees?A. Remote work.B. Working in the office.C. Taking vacations.D. Using video conferencing.13. How are employees working from home?A. Using video conferencing and other digital technologies.B. Going to the office.C. Taking vacations.D. Ignoring work.14. Why is it essential for businesses to adapt to the changing landscape?A. To survive in the post-pandemic world.B. To ignore the changes.C. To avoid work.D. To close temporarily or permanently.15. What do businesses need to embrace to survive in the post-pandemic world?A. New ways of working.B. Old ways of working.C. Working in the office.D. Ignoring changes.Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.16. My boss asked me how many phone calls I ________ that day.A. had madeB. madeC. was makingD. had been made17. If he ________ the train, he will be here by seven o'clock.A. catchesB. caughtC. catchesD. has caught18. The driver of the car said that the traffic lights ________ red.A. wereB. beC. isD. are19. The doctor ________ soon. I hope he will be able to help me.A. will comeB. cameC. comesD. come20. The watch I lost last week is ________ in a drawer at home.A. foundB. going to findC. findingD. to be foundPart III Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The cost of building materials has ________ by 25% this year.21. A. increasedB. increasingC. increasedD. increase22. To ________ at the conference, you need to book your ticket in advance.A. participateB. participatingC. participateD. participation23. The report ________ that the company is in financial trouble.A. indicatesB. indicatedC. indicateD. indicatingPassage 2Artificial intelligence is ________ in various industries, including healthcare, finance, and transportation.24. A. usedB. used toC. usedD. using25. The new product launch was a success ________ the efforts of the sales team.A. due toB. becauseC. because ofD. so that26. The deadline for submitting the project report is ________ the end of the month.A. untilB. upC. byD. fromPassage 3The company's profits have been ________ impacted by the global economic downturn.27. A. seriouslyB. seriousC. seriousD. impacted28. Our team ________ hard to meet the deadline for the project.A. are workingB. is workingC. is workingD. are working29. The management team needs to ________ a solution to the problem.A. come up withB. come out withC. come up withD. come out with30. The government has announced a new policy ________ reducing carbon emissions.A. aimed toB. aims atC. aimed atD. aims toPart IV WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title "The Importance of Lifelong Learning." You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. Introduction: Define lifelong learning.2. Importance of lifelong learning:- Helps individuals adapt to changes in the workplace and society.- Enhances personal growth and development.- Keeps the mind active and promotes mental well-being.3. Conclusion: Emphasize the significance of lifelong learning in today's fast-changing world.Remember to write your composition neatly.。
外研版英语七年级下册Module5 Unit2 课件
2 具体阐述超市购物的优缺 I think Supermarket shopping is not difficult. First, It’s easy to go shopping in the supermarket. You can choose the things on
点，阐述时使用first， your shopping list. Second, ...Third,... But shopping in the
3. Read and check the sentences.
1. Online shopping is a new way of shopping. 2. You pay for online shopping before you receive it. 3. Online shopping is very dieffaicsuylt. 4. It's ivsenr'yt safe to shop over the Internet. 5. Our way of life is changing because of online shopping.
Supermarket shopping has several advantages. First, ________________. Second,____________________. Third, ___________________. But shopping in the supermarket also has some disadvantages. First, _________________.
always __o_p_e_n___.
anything!
advantage 优势
Unit 3 Period 1 Listening and Speaking教案
I usually spend time online playing games with my friends, watching funny videos, and reading about interesting facts about the world.
There are many good websites for learning English online. You can listen to music and you can look up the words for songs, which is a good way to practise.
I stream videos and music. ___________, I watch videos and listen to music online.
A search engine __________ that helps you find what you're looking for.
Step 3
Saying
Teacher shows the pictures to lead the topic.
1.What do you usually do online?
2.How can you use the Internet to learn English?
3.Have you ever helped others to use the Internet? How?
-Activate students and remind them to concentrate.
Step 2
Preview check
Teacher asks students the meaning of words, phrases and knowledge points learnt last lesson.
2024年4月 英语自考试卷
2024年4月英语自考试卷第一部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（True），错误（False），还是未提及（Not Given）。
The Internet has become an important part of our daily lives. It provides us with a vast amount of information, from news and entertainmentto educational resources. We can use it to communicate with people all over the world through email, social media platforms, and instant messaging apps.However, the Internet also has some negative aspects. One of the major problems is the spread of false information. Some people may post untrue news or rumors on the Internet, which can cause confusion and harm to the public. Another issue is privacy. When we use the Internet, our personal information may be at risk if we are not careful.1. The Internet only offers news and entertainment. (False)2. We can communicate globally via the Internet. (True)3. False information on the Internet never causes harm. (False)4. Our privacy is always protected when using the Internet. (False)5. The Internet has both positive and negative features. (True)第二部分：阅读选择（每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
雅思口语Part2答案：最喜欢的图书馆
雅思口语Part2答案：最喜欢的图书馆我们都知道Part2的话题是时间最长的，需要考生balabala说一分半钟到两分钟。
为了防止大家在考场时无话可说，同学们在备考阶段一定需要多积累一些口语话题哦~店铺给大家带来雅思口语Part2答案：最喜欢的图书馆。
雅思口语Part2答案：最喜欢的图书馆The central city library in my locality is my favourite library. This is a library which is run and funded by cthe Government and local officials and is a renowned library in our city. This is more than 100 years old and has a very rich collection of books, journals, reference books, novels and other reading materials. This library has recently introduced some digital formation and gives the facility to read books in electronic devices. Almost 200 people go to this library everyday and it offers a really quiet and calm environment for reading.This library offers many benefits and the most important thing is about a library is that it comprises books that are main source of knowledge. This library has more than 20,000 books and people can easily find a book that might interest them or the books they were looking for. Students come here to take reference for their study materials and to take notes, the literacy lovers come to read novels and stories by world renowned writers, the regular members can take books to their home and thus can read in their free time. Time spent in a library is a wise investment and I feel that the contribution of this library towards making a literate and conscious generation is unmatched.I often go to the library to read books that are in my "must read" list. Besides, this is a good place to take notes and to read and I often go there for my study purpose. As I am a subscribedmember of this library, I can take books to my house and I usually return those books in every 4-5 days to take a new one.There are lots of famous libraries in my country and in the world that I heard about and yet this is the very library that helped me grow my interest on extra-curricular reading habit. I have read books from this library that have greatly helped me and because of that, I like this library more than any other library in the world. Furthermore, the environment of reading, the staff, the arrangement of books, the rich collection and my easy access to this library make it my most favourite library.Similar Cue Card topics:Your ability to talk about this Cue Card Topic would enable you to talk about the following Cue Card Topics as well: Describe a place where you often go.Describe a public library you know aboutDescribe a public place in your hometown.Describe a place where you often meet your friends.Describe a library in your community.雅思口语范文：A library(图书馆)一、考试说明图书馆话题总体来说难度不大，考生向考官描述完自己常去的图书馆后，在第三部分里会围绕图书馆的作用和未来与其展开讨论。
3_物联网(The Internet of Things)的概念
物联网（The Internet of Things）的概念（一）概述物联网（The Internet of things）的定义是：通过射频识别（RFID）、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，按约定的协议，把任何物品与互联网连接起来，进行信息交换和通讯，以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络。
物联网的概念是在1999年提出的。
物联网就是“物物相连的互联网”。
这有两层意思：第一，物联网的核心和基础仍然是互联网，是在互联网基础上的延伸和扩展的网络；第二，其用户端延伸和扩展到了任何物品与物品之间，进行信息交换和通讯。
如下图所示：（二）定义物联网的英文名称为"The Internet of Things”。
由该名称可见，物联网就是“物物相连的互联网”。
这有两层意思：第一，物联网的核心和基础仍然是互联网，是在互联网基础之上的延伸和扩展的一种网络；第二，其用户端延伸和扩展到了任何物品与物品之间，进行信息交换和通信。
因此，物联网的定义是通过射频识别(RFID)装置、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，按约定的协议，把任何物品与互联网相连接，进行信息交换和通信，以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络。
这里的“物”要满足以下条件才能够被纳入“物联网”的范围：1、要有相应信息的接收器；2、要有数据传输通路；3、要有一定的存储功能；4、要有CPU；5、要有操作系统；6、要有专门的应用程序；7、要有数据发送器；8、遵循物联网的通信协议；9、在世界网络中有可被识别的唯一编号。
2009年9月，在北京举办的物联网与企业环境中欧研讨会上，欧盟委员会信息和社会媒体司RFID部门负责人Lorent Ferderix博士给出了欧盟对物联网的定义：物联网是一个动态的全球网络基础设施，它具有基于标准和互操作通信协议的自组织能力，其中物理的和虚拟的“物”具有身份标识、物理属性、虚拟的特性和智能的接口，并与信息网络无缝整合。
互联网的好处与坏处各三点英语作文
互联网的好处与坏处各三点英语作文全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Internet: The Good, The Bad, and The WeirdHi there! My name is Alex and I'm going to tell you all about the internet. The internet is this big amazing thing that lets you do all sorts of cool stuff on computers and phones. But it can also be kind of weird and even bad sometimes. Let me explain!The Good Things About the InternetYou can learn basically anything!One of the best things about the internet is that it has pretty much all the information in the whole world. If I'm doing homework and need to know facts about dinosaurs or Ancient Egypt, I can just look it up online. There are websites, videos, pictures, and more to teach me new things. It's like having the biggest library ever right on my computer!It helps you stay connected to people.The internet lets you chat with friends and family who live far away. You can send messages, make video calls, and sharephotos and updates. My grandparents live in another country but the internet makes it feel like they are right next door! I can see their face and talk to them anytime I want using video chat. So cool!It's entertaining and fun!I love going online to play games, watch movies and shows, and listen to music. There are so many awesome things to do on the internet when I'm bored or need a break from schoolwork. My favorite is the videos of cute puppies and kittens. They always make me laugh!The Bad Things About the InternetThere are lots of weird and scary things.Even though there is tons of great stuff online, there is also a bunch of junk on the internet. Some websites have inappropriate things kids shouldn't see. And you have to be really careful about giving out personal information because there are bad people out there trying to scam you. It makes me really uncomfortable.It's easy to spend way too much time online.I'll admit it - sometimes I get reallyreally into playing a game or watching videos and I end up wasting my whole day on the internet instead of doing other stuff. Before I know it, hours havegone by and I haven't moved from the couch or computer. My parents have to force me to log off so I don't turn into a couch potato!It can be meanand give you bad habits.Have you ever read the comment section on a website or video? There are a lot of bullies and trolls saying nasty things that aren't true. That's called cyberbullying and it's really hurtful. The internet can also give people bad multi-tasking habits if they try to use too many apps and websites at once.The Weird Stuff About the InternetThere are endless rabbitholesyou can go down.One minute I'm looking up koala bears for a school project, and the next I'm spending an hour reading bizarre facts about the dingo population in Australia. The internet links you to so much random information that you can get reallyreally sidetracked in the weirdest ways!There are crazy theoriesthat some people actually believe.Have you heard that there are grownups who think the world is flat? Or who believe in bigfoot? The internet has diehard groups for all sorts of wacky rumors and myths that just aren'ttrue. Some of the stuff people talk about online is just bonkers if you ask me!You can make yourselflook like anything or anyone.People can use apps and editing to make photos and videos look completely different from reality. You see influencers and celebrities who have sculpted their whole appearance to be perfectly smooth and skinny. But that's notreally how they look! The internet makes it easy to catfish people with fake images.So that's my take on the internet! It's an awesome resource with endless information and entertainment. But it's also kind of a wild jungle where you have to be careful about what you see and do. As long as I use it wisely and my parents make sure I stay safe, I think the internet is a pretty neat place to spend some of my time. What do you guys think about the online world? Let me know!篇2The Internet: A Double-Edged SwordHey there, friends! Today, I want to talk to you about something that has become a huge part of our lives – the internet! You probably use it every day, whether it's for schoolwork, watching videos, or playing games. But have youever stopped to think about the good things and thenot-so-good things that come with the internet? Well, that's what we're going to explore today!Let's start with the awesome things about the internet – the pros!A World of Knowledge at Your FingertipsImagine having a massive library with books on every topic imaginable, and you can access it all with just a few clicks! That's what the internet is like. Whether you need information for a school project or you're just curious about something, you can find tons of websites, articles, and videos that can teach you almost anything. It's like having a super smart friend who knows everything!Connecting with People WorldwideThanks篇3The Internet: A Double-Edged SwordThe internet is kind of a big deal these days. It's like a superhighway of information that lets us learn about almost anything! But as cool as it is, the internet also has somedownsides we need to watch out for. Let me tell you about some of the good things and bad things about the world wide web.The Good ThingsThe internet connects people from all over the world. With just a few clicks, I can video chat with my cousin in Australia or send an email to my pen pal in Japan. How awesome is that? The internet shrinks the planet and brings us all closer together.We can learn absolutely anything on the internet. Have a question about dinosaurs? There are tons of websites dedicated to paleontology. Need to find out the capital of Uruguay for a school project? Just google it! The internet is like having every library and encyclopedia right at your fingertips.The internet is incredibly fun and entertaining. You can watch endless videos, play amazing games, listen to music, and more - all for free! As long as you have internet access, you'll never be bored again.The Bad ThingsThe internet can be very distracting and addicting. Sometimes I get so caught up watching videos or playing games that I forget to do my homework or chores. It's easy to waste hours and hours online if you're not careful.Not everything on the internet is true. There's a lot of false information, fake news, and hoaxes out there. You have to be really smart about double checking facts from reliable sources. The internet can spread lies and misinformation faster than wildfire.The internet can be an unsafe place, especially for kids. There are creepy people who might try to meet up with you, steal your personal information, or expose you to inappropriate content. You always have to be on guard and never give out sensitive details online.The VerdictSo as you can see, the internet definitely has its pros and cons. It connects the world and lets us access infinite knowledge and entertainment. But we also have to be disciplined, think critically, and protect ourselves from the darker side of the web.At the end of the day, the internet is a very powerful tool. And like all tools, it can be used for good or bad purposes. It's up to each of us to be smart, responsible internet citizens and take advantage of the awesome benefits while avoiding the pitfalls. The internet is here to stay, so we might as well learn to navigate it wisely!篇4Here's an essay about the pros and cons of the internet in about 2000 words, written from the perspective of an elementary school student:The Internet: My Best Friend and FrenemyThe internet is really cool! It lets me do all sorts of fun things like watch videos, play games, and chat with my friends. But it can also be not-so-cool sometimes. I'm going to tell you about some of the good stuff and bad stuff about the internet.The Good StuffLearning is fun online!The internet is like a huge library with everything you can imagine. Whenever I need to learn about something for school, I can just look it up online. There are websites, videos, games and so many different ways to learn. My favorite is watching videos because the people explaining things are really good at making it simple and interesting.Staying connected with friends and familyEven though some of my cousins and friends live far away, we can still chat, play games and share photos/videos online. Mygrandparents also live in a different state, but I get to video call them every week. The internet makes the world feel smaller and closer!Exploring my interestsI love drawing and building things with Legos. On the internet, I can find so many tutorials to learn new techniques. I can also share my creations and get feedback/ideas from others who have the same hobbies as me. The internet connects me with people who are interested in similar things no matter where they live!The Bad StuffToo much screen timeSometimes I get so caught up watching videos or playing games online that I forget to take breaks. My eyes can get tired from all the screen time. Mom and Dad have to remind me to go outside and run around once in a while. It's also easy to lose track of time and end up staying up too late at night.Cyberbullies and bad strangersThere are some kids and grownups online who can be mean and disrespectful. They might say hurtful things or try to make you feel unsafe. I've been taught not to share any privateinformation and to always tell a trusted adult if someone is being a cyberbully.Unreliable informationNot everything you read online is true or accurate. Some websites have incorrect facts or even lies and made-up stories. I have to be really careful about checking where the information is coming from and verifying it from reliable sources like educational sites.Overall, I think the internet is great as long as you use it safely and don't spend too much time online. It opens up a whole big world of knowledge and opportunities for me. But I also have to be smart about what I do and don't do on the internet. It truly is both my best friend and a frenemy!篇5The Internet: The Good, The Bad, and The UglyHello friends! Today I want to talk to you about the internet. The internet is a really cool thing that lets us connect with people all over the world and learn about anything we want. But it can also be kind of scary and have some not-so-great parts too. Let me tell you about the good things and the bad things about the internet.The Good ThingsWe can learn SO much from the internet! Whenever I'm curious about something, I can just go online and find out all about it. Whether it's how airplanes fly, what dragons ate for dinner, or why the sky is blue, the answers are right there. The internet is like having a huge library of knowledge at my fingertips!The internet lets me stay in touch with my friends and family who live far away. With video chat, I can actually see them and talk to them like they're right there with me. My grandparents live in another country, but the internet makes it feel like they're just down the street. I love being able to share pictures, videos, and messages with loved ones no matter where they are.There are so many fun games, videos, and activities online! I can watch my favorite shows, play awesome games, and even make my own comics, stories, or art to share with others. The internet is an amazing place for being creative and having fun.The Bad ThingsUnfortunately, not everything on the internet is honest and truthful. Sometimes people put false information online or try to trick others. I have to be really careful about what websites I visitand what I choose to believe. My parents help me learn how to spot unreliable sites.Speaking of tricky people, there are creeps and bullies on the internet too. They might say mean things, share inappropriate stuff, or even try to steal people's information. That's why I never give out personal details online and I'm very careful about who I interact with. Safety first!It's really easy to spend toooooo much time on the internet without even realizing it. I'll start watching videos or playing games and then suddenly hours have gone by. If I'm not careful, I might end up missing out on playing outside, reading books, spending time with family and friends in the real world. Too much of a good thing can be bad!The UglySo those are some of the pros and cons of the wonderful, wild, weird internet. At the end of the day, the internet can be an awesome tool and loads of fun, but we have to be smart about how we use it. We can't spend all our time staring at screens or believe。
物联网的英文介绍作文
物联网的英文介绍作文Title: IoT: The Internet of Things in Action。
1. Spark of Smartness: 。
Imagine a world where everyday objects come alive, not just your smartphone, but your fridge, your washing machine, and even your garden. This is the realm of the Internet of Things, or IoT for short. It's not about connecting devices, but about creating a seamless, interconnected ecosystem where they communicate and work together without your intervention.2. The Internet on the Move:Think of it like a vast network of tiny computers these "things" are embedded with sensors and connectivity,allowing them to sense their surroundings and share data. They're always on, always learning, and always ready to adapt. From traffic lights that adjust to traffic flow tosmart homes that adjust your temperature based on your preferences, IoT is the embodiment of the digital age.3. The Data Deluge:Every time you turn on your kettle, it doesn't just boil water, it generates data. This data is the lifeblood of IoT it's the fuel that drives innovation and predictive analytics. It's not just about quantity, but about extracting insights from the seemingly endless flow of information.4. Efficiency and Convenience:In the kitchen, IoT helps you streamline your chores, while in the office, it optimizes operations. It's about making your life easier, from ordering groceries without lifting a finger to monitoring your home's security remotely. The future is here, and it's as connected as it gets.5. The Future of Automation:As IoT continues to evolve, it's not just about devices, but about automation. It's about the next step in the industrial revolution, where machines and systems can self-manage and adapt to changing conditions. This could lead to a more sustainable and efficient world.6. The Human Touch:Don't forget, at the heart of IoT is the human touch.It's about understanding and respecting our needs, making our lives more comfortable and secure. It's a marriage of technology and convenience, where the 'Internet' is notjust a network, but a part of our daily lives.So, there you have it the Internet of Things, a dynamic force shaping our world, one connected device at a time.It's the future, and it's as real as the air we breathe.。
Safer_Internet_Day_国际互联网安全日
Did you know the Safer Internet Day? Read this article to f i nd out. 你知道国际互联网安全日吗？阅读这篇文章来了解一下吧。
Safer Internet Day is in the second week of February every year. On this day, people in around 170 countries take part in activities to try to make the internet a safer place for children and young people. 国际互联网安全日在每年二月的第二周。
在这一天，大约170个国家的人们参加多种活动，试图让互联网为儿童和年轻人提供更安全的空间。
Safer Internet Day celebrates all the great things about being online. We can use the internet to learn new things, video call family members who live far away, chat to friends, listen to music, watch videos and play games, ect.S afer Internet Day国际互联网安全日湖南长沙市天心区实验小学 张冰晨 编译 国际互联网安全日赞美所有关于上网的美好事物。
我们可以利用互联网学习新事物，给住在远方的家人打视频电话，与朋友聊天，听音乐，看视频和玩游戏，等等。
But there can also be dangers when we are online, and Safer Internet Day helps us learn about these dangers and what to do to stay safe. 但是，我们上网时也会遇在危险，国际互联网安全日帮助我们了解这些危险以及如何做以确保网络安全。
三年级技术发展英语阅读理解30题
三年级技术发展英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Smartphones have become an important part of our daily life. We can use them for many things. For communication, we can call our friends and family members easily. We can also send text messages to them. It is very convenient. For entertainment, there are a lot of interesting apps on the smartphone. We can listen to music, watch videos and play games. For example, we can listen to our favorite songs on music apps like Spotify. When we are bored, we can play some simple games such as Candy Crush. For study, it is also very useful. We can use some educational apps to learn new knowledge. For instance, we can learn English with apps that have English lessons and quizzes. And we can also use the smartphone to look up information on the Internet. It helps us a lot when we are doing our homework.1. What can we use smartphones for according to the passage?A. Only for playing games.B. Communication, entertainment and study.C. Just for making calls.D. Only for listening to music.答案：B。
物联网技术研究综述_王保云
第23卷 第12期 电子测量与仪器学报 Vol. 23 No. 122009年12月JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENT· 1 ·本文于2009年10月收到。
*基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(编号: 60873195)资助项目; 安徽省自然科学基金(编号: 070412049)资助项目。
物联网技术研究综述*王保云(南京邮电大学自动化学院, 南京210003)摘 要: 近几年来物联网技术受到了人们的广泛关注。
本文介绍了物联网技术的概念、历史与发展现状。
以最具代表性的EPC Global 物联网体系架构和Ubiquitous ID 物联网系统为例, 对物联网的网络体系与服务体系进行了阐述; 分析了物联网研究中的关键技术, 包括RFID 技术、传感器网络与检测技术、智能技术和纳米技术; 最后, 展望了物联网技术的前景以及对人类生活、工业发展、科技进步的促进作用。
关键词: 物联网；RFID ；传感网；智能中图分类号: TP303 文献标识码: A 国家标准学科分类代码: 510.5030Review on internet of thingsWang Baoyun(College of Automation,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China)Abstract: In recent years, extensive attention has been paid to Internet of Things. The concept, history and devel-opment of Internet of Things were introduced firstly. The network architecture and the service system were described then, including two of the most representative architectures, the EPC Global Internet of Things architecture and the Ubiquitous ID complex networking system. The key technologies of Internet of Things were analyzed, including RFID technology, sensor network and detection technology, intelligent technology and nano-technology. Finally, this paper gave the future prospects of Internet of Things technology, as well as its facilitating role to human life, industrial devel-opment, scientific and technological progress.Keywords: Internet of Things; RFID; Sensor network; Intelligent technology1 引 言“物联网”(Internet of Things), 指的是将各种信息传感设备, 如射频识别(RFID)装置、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等种种装置与互联网结合起来而形成的一个巨大网络[1-3]。
2023年河北省沧州市孟村回族自治县王史中学中考一模英语试题
2023年河北省沧州市孟村回族自治县王史中学中考一模英语试题一、听句子选信息1．A．a city B．a pity C．a duty2．A．read poems B．write stories C．buy books3．A．$45 B．$56 C．$654．A．We should study the traffic rules.B．We should make some traffic rules.C．We should follow the traffic rules.5．A．Mr. Li has a kind teacher.B．Mr. Li knows about a kind teacher.C．Mr. Li is well known as a kind teacher.二、听句子选答语6．A．I feel sick. B．I’m going to school.C．I like apples best.7．A．You’re welcome.B．No way. C．Good idea.8．A．No problem. B．I hope not. C．I agree.9．A．I don’t think so.B．OK, thanks. C．Yes, please.10．A．Wait a moment. B．Sorry for being late. C．Let’s have fun.三、听录音选图片11．Where are the two speakers?A．B．C．12．What did the man do yesterday?A．B．C．四、听长对话选答案13．When is Betty’s birthday?A．Next Friday. B．This Saturday. C．Next Sunday. 14．What will the boy do before the party?A．Buy a gift. B．Set the table. C．Clean the house. 15．How will the boy go there?A．By car. B．By bus. C．On foot.16．What is the boy’s favourite subject?A．Chinese. B．Maths. C．Science. 17．What does the boy want to do in the future?A．Teach Chinese. B．Discover new living things. C．Learn about DNA．18．Who does the girl think is the greatest poet?A．Du Fu. B．Li Bai. C．Bai Juyi.五、听短文选答案19．Where does Jason’s father stand in the photo?A．On the left. B．On the right. C．In the middle. 20．What is Laura’s dream?A．To be a dancer. B．To be a director. C．To be a movie star.21．When was Mike hit by the car?A．On April 3rd. B．On February 13th. C．On August 23rd. 22．What was Mike doing when he was hit by the car?A．Talking with friends. B．Walking on the street. C．Listening to music. 23．Who sent him to the hospital?A．His father. B．His mother. C．The car driver. 24．What did his parents hope?A．To wake him up. B．To ride with him. C．To make him asleep. 25．What did Mike do when his father said “Cody”?A．He opened his eyes. B．He moved his fingers. C．He jumped off the bed.七、单项选择31．My brother loves painting. ________often draws pictures after school.A．I B．You C．He D．She32．In Beijing, more and more young children go skating ________ winter.A．at B．in C．on D．to33．________ he was a disabled man, he tried his best to help the people in need.A．Because B．Though C．After D．If34．His car on the way to the station, so he missed the train.A．came down B．broke down C．cut down D．looked down 35．We ________ a meeting. Come and join in.A．were having B．are having C．had D．have had 36．—Mary, ________ I use your dictionary?—Sure, here it is.A．should B．must C．can D．need 37．Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you _________ some day.A．will succeed B．succeed C．succeeded D．have succeeded 38．We ________ tea when it suddenly began to snow outside.A．drink B．are drinking C．were drinking D．have drunk 39．—Tom, why don’t you take your own book?—Someone else ________ my book by mistake. I can’t find it.A．took B．is taking C．will take D．had taken 40．In Miss Lin’s class, many chances ___________ to students to learn from each other.A．offer B．offered C．are offering D．are offered 八、完形填空The past two “Tiangong Class” were taught by the Shenzhou-13 astronauts 46 space. Wednesday’s class was the third from the Chinese space station. Part of the teaching things was chosen from the suggestions given by 47 people.Astronauts also invited 48 to carry out several experiments on the ground. After the students listened to the class, they knew the differences between the space and the Earth. 49 they could also discover the fun from such experiences.The Shenzhou-14 members has spent over four 50 at the space station. They just did two space walks a few days ago. They are very excellent.41．A．terribly B．proudly C．gradually D．hard42．A．showed B．helped C．saved D．listened43．A．thought about B．thanked for C．communicated with D．heard of44．A．information B．knowledge C．advice D．experience45．A．write B．develop C．teach D．reach46．A．by B．up C．in D．for47．A．old B．similar C．common D．young48．A．students B．partners C．scientists D．parents49．A．Or B．But C．So D．And50．A．years B．hours C．months D．minutes九、阅读单选Some people believe that needing help is a sign of weakness. Actually, it’s a sign of strength, not weakness. You know what you need and you shouldn’t be afraid to reach out for it. Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team. In fact, when he asked his coach for help, his coach thought he practiced hard.Some other people think they don’t deserve (应该得到) help or support. Everyone needs help now and then. Accepting help can strengthen friendships and relationships. Everyone feels good when they can support a friend. For example, if you want to find out how Katy solves problems with her parents, you should ask Katy if she has time to talk and tell her how important her view-point is, instead of worrying that Katy is too busy to help you. When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you. If you get refused, it’s not because of you, but the other person. So tell yourself: If Katy says no, she might not be ready to talk about her own experiences.Another wrong attitu de is waiting for someone else to make the first move. It’s not always easy for other people to detect when you need help. Maybe you’re putting on a cheerful face to hide the problem. Don’t wait for someone to read your mind. You have to ask.Because it ca n be hard to reach out for help, don’t hesitate (犹豫) to offer support to another person if you think he or she needs it. Giving and receiving help are great life skills to learn. They help us improve our abilities to understand other people.61．Why was the boy afraid to ask his coach for help in Paragraph 2?A．Because his coach criticized him before. B．Because his coach was too busy to help him.C．Because he didn’t practice as hard a other players.D．Because he thought it would show he was a weak player.62．Why does the writer give the example of Katy?A．To support his idea. B．To ask readers to explain it. C．To compare Katy with her friends. D．To show what Katy should do.63．What should you do if you need help?A．Be supportive to other people first. B．Be active to find a caring person to talk to.C．Try to make your friends notice what you need. D．Put on a happy face to avoid worrying other people. 64．What does the underlined word “detect” mean?A．Find. B．Think. C．Control. D．Imagine.65．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Asking for Help: Everyone’s Natural Ability B．Asking for Help: Getting Past Improper AttitudesC．Giving and Receiving Help: Great Skills to Learn D．Giving and Receiving Help: StrengtheningRelationships十、多任务混合阅读How can you communicate with your doctors before the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the healthcare industry? You could just visit, call or send text messages to them. It was a difficult task for doctors to regularly follow a patient’s he alth and offer their suggestions. Now, healthcare is growing rapidly with the use of IoT. Here are a few of the influences of IoT on healthcare that we could end up seeing in the years.On PatientsPatients can be given quick care and regular health checks with the help of smart devices (设备) like fitness bands (健身带). They can check your heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar level and so on. Such devices can also remind you about the medicine you need to lake, or when you should exercise, when you should see a doctor and so on.On DoctorsWith the use of IoT-driven devices, doctors can keep an eye on their patients’ health better. They can follow the present treatment plans of their patients, medicines they are taking, their heart rate, and any need they may have for immediate help. This keeps the healthcare providers pretty watchful with their patients’ health.On HospitalsIoT can be used to monitor (监测) health checks. Besides, there are many areas where the technology will be helpful to hospitals. These IoT devices can be used to monitor the real-time location of medical equipment and devices like wheelchairs and hospital beds.1题完成句子；2、3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将画线句子译成汉语。
山东省专升本2024年英语考试真题
山东省专升本2024年英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Shandong Province Adult College Entrance Examination 2024 English ExamSection I: Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Climate change is a serious issue impacting our planet. The rise in global temperatures is causing extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. This has a detrimental effect on ecosystems, wildlife, and human communities.Question 1: What is the main topic of the passage?Question 2: List three examples of extreme weather events mentioned in the passage.Question 3: How does climate change impact ecosystems?Now choose the correct answer for each question below.Question 4: According to the passage, what is the primary cause of climate change?A) DeforestationB) Industrial pollutionC) Increased greenhouse gas emissionsD) Ozone depletionQuestion 5: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Climate change has no impact on human communities.B) Extreme weather events are not linked to global warming.C) Wildlife is not affected by climate change.D) Ecosystems are negatively impacted by global temperature rise.Section II: Vocabulary and Grammar (30 marks)Choose the correct word to complete each sentence below.Question 1: I usually go for a jog in the ________.A) afternoonB) eveningsC) nighttimeQuestion 2: Please remember to turn off the lights ________ leaving the room.A) afterB) beforeC) duringQuestion 3: The test was ________ difficult that I couldn't finish it in time.A) soB) tooC) veryQuestion 4: The students were ________ challenged by the math problem.A) greatlyB) highlyC) veryQuestion 5: The new supermarket has a ________ selection of fresh produce.A) smallB) limitedC) wideWrite a short paragraph using the words "effort", "community", and "future".Section III: Writing (30 marks)Write an essay on the topic of climate change and its impact on the environment. Include the following points in your essay:- Causes of climate change- Effects of climate change on ecosystems and wildlife- Ways to reduce carbon footprint and combat climate changeRemember to structure your essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.---This is just a sample of the format for the Shandong Province Adult College Entrance Examination 2024 English Exam. Students should refer to the official exam papers for the complete set ofquestions and guidelines. Good luck with your exam preparation!篇2Shandong Province Adult College Entrance Examination for English in 2024Part I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A: Reading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: In this section, there are four reading passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the concept of connecting any device with an on/off switch to the Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from cell phones, coffee machines, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices, and almost anything else you can think of.1. What is the Internet of Things?A. Connecting any device with a switch to the Internet.B. Connecting only electronic devices to the Internet.C. Connecting any device to the Internet.D. None of the above.2. Which of the following devices can be connected to the Internet of Things?A. Washing machinesB. CarsC. LampsD. All of the abovePassage 2Climate change is a pressing issue affecting the entire planet. Global warming has led to rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the destruction of ecosystems. It is crucial that we take action now to mitigate the impacts of climate change.3. What is one consequence of global warming mentioned in the passage?A. Rising sea levelsB. Decreased rainfallC. Increased snowfallD. None of the above4. What should we do to address climate change according to the passage?A. Deny the existence of climate changeB. Take immediate action to mitigate its impactsC. Ignore climate change and hope it goes awayD. None of the aboveSection B: Cloze Test (20 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best fits the meaning of the passage.Technology has transformed the way we live and work in__5__ ways. From smartphones to social media, we are constantly __6__ by new innovations that make our lives easier and more convenient. However, with the benefits of technology come __7__ challenges, such as cybersecurity threats and privacy concerns. It is essential that we navigate these challenges while continuing to embrace the opportunities that technology provides.5. A. drastic B. practical C. critical D. logical6. A. bombarded B. annoyed C. impressed D. confused7. A. inevitable B. potential C. significant D. potentialPart II: Writing (60 points)Question 1: Write an essay of at least 300 words on the topic: "The Impact of Social Media on Society."Question 2: Choose one of the following topics and write an essay of at least 300 words:1. The Importance of Education in Advancing Society2. The Role of Technology in Modern Healthcare3. The Challenges of Climate Change and Potential SolutionsRemember to support your ideas with relevant examples and evidence.This is a sample of the Shandong Province Adult College Entrance Examination for English in 2024. Good luck to all the candidates!篇32024 Shandong Provincial Adult College entrance examReading ComprehensionSection ADirections:The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. After reading the passage, you will have to choose the best answer to each of the questions. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.The Benefits of Learning a New LanguageLearning a new language is always a rewarding experience, both personally and professionally. There are numerous benefits to gaining proficiency in a second language. Firstly, it can enhance your brain function and overall cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that being bilingual can improve memory, problem-solving skills, and multitasking abilities. In addition to cognitive benefits, learning a new language can also open up countless opportunities for travel and cultural exploration. By being able to communicate with people in their native language, you can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and broaden your perspective on the world.Professionally, being bilingual or multilingual can significantly boost you r career prospects. In today’s globalized world, employers are constantly seeking individuals who canspeak multiple languages to communicate with clients and business partners around the world. Having proficiency in a second language can set you apart from other job candidates and give you a competitive edge in the job market. Furthermore, language skills can increase your earning potential, as many companies offer higher salaries to employees who are able to communicate effectively in multiple languages.Overall, learning a new language is a valuable investment in yourself that can lead to personal growth, increased career opportunities, and a broader understanding of the world around you.Questions:1. According to the passage, what are some cognitive benefits of learning a new language?A. Improved memory and problem-solving skillsB. Enhanced creativity and innovationC. Increased physical fitness and staminaD. Better social skills and emotional intelligence2. How can learning a new language benefit your career, according to the passage?A. It can decrease your earning potentialB. It may limit your job prospectsC. It can increase your chances of getting hiredD. It has no impact on your career prospects3. What opportunities does learning a new language open up for travel?A. It allows you to stay in tourist resortsB. It enables you to communicate with people in their native languageC. It restricts your ability to explore different culturesD. It doesn’t have any impact on your travel experiences4. How does being bilingual give you a competitive edge in the job market?A. It makes you less desirable to potential employersB. It limits your ability to work with global clientsC. It sets you apart from other job candidatesD. It has no effect on your job prospectsSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read two passages, each with questions following it. Answer the questions based on what you have read.Passage 1The Impact of Technology on EducationTechnology has revolutionized the field of education in recent years, enabling students to access a wealth of information and resources at their fingertips. The use of computers, tablets, and smartphones in the classroom has transformed the way students learn and has made education more interactive and engaging. Online learning platforms and educational apps have also become increasingly popular, allowing students to learn at their own pace and in a way that suits their individual needs.However, while technology has many benefits in education, it also poses some challenges. The overreliance on technology can lead to a decrease in critical thinking and problem-solving skills in students. Additionally, the abundance of information available online can make it difficult for students to discern credible sources from unreliable ones. It is essential for educators to strike a balance between technology use andtraditional teaching methods to ensure that students are receiving a well-rounded education that prepares them for success in the modern world.Questions:5. How has technology transformed the field of education, according to the passage?A. It has made education less interactive and engagingB. It has limited students’ access to informationC. It has revolutionized the way students learnD. It has made learning more traditional and static6. What challenges does technology pose in education?A. It decreases critical thinking and problem-solving skillsB. It limits students’ access to informationC. It makes it easier for students to discern credible sourcesD. It has no impact on students’ learning abilities7. What is the importance of striking a balance between technology use and traditional teaching methods in education?A. It is necessary to eliminate traditional teaching methods entirelyB. It ensures that students are not exposed to technologyC. It guarantees that students receive a well-rounded educationD. It limits students’ access to informationPassage 2The Benefits of VolunteeringVolunteering is a valuable way to give back to the community and make a positive impact on the lives of others. There are numerous benefits to volunteering, both for the individuals being helped and for the volunteers themselves. For those in need, volunteering can provide much-needed assistance and support, whether it be through helping at a local food bank, assisting in disaster relief efforts, or volunteering at a nursing home.For volunteers, the benefits are equally significant. Volunteering allows individuals to develop new skills, gain valuable experience, and make lasting connections with others in the community. It can also boost self-esteem and confidence, as volunteers see the direct impact of their efforts on the lives ofthose they are helping. Additionally, volunteering can be a great way to explore new interests and passions, as well as to build a sense of purpose and fulfillment.Questions:8. What benefits does volunteering provide to individuals in need?A. It limits their access to assistance and supportB. It enables them to provide assistance to othersC. It provides much-needed assistance and supportD. It has no impact on their lives9. What benefits does volunteering offer to the volunteers themselves?A. It limits their ability to develop new skillsB. It can boost self-esteem and confidenceC. It prevents them from making connections with othersD. It has no impact on their personal growth10. How can volunteering help individuals explore new interests and passions?A. It restricts their ability to find fulfillmentB. It limits their connections with others in the communityC. It can be a great way to build a sense of purpose and fulfillmentD. It has no impact on their personal growthListening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you are going to hear a passage read aloud. The passage will be read just once. After listening to the passage, you will have to answer five questions based on what you have heard.Passage:Directions:The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. After reading the passage, you will have to choose the best answer to each of the questions. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.The Benefits of Learning a New LanguageLearning a new language is always a rewarding experience, both personally and professionally. There are numerous benefits to gaining proficiency in a second language. Firstly, it can enhance your brain function and overall cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that being bilingual can improve memory, problem-solving skills, and multitasking abilities. In addition to cognitive benefits, learning a new language can also open up countless opportunities for travel and cultural exploration. By being able to communicate with people in their native language, you can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and broaden your perspective on the world.Professionally, being bilingual or multilingual can significantly boos t your career prospects. In today’s globalized world, employers are constantly seeking individuals who can speak multiple languages to communicate with clients and business partners around the world. Having proficiency in a second language can set you apart from other job candidates and give you a competitive edge in the job market. Furthermore, language skills can increase your earning potential, as many companies offer higher salaries to employees who are able to communicate effectively in multiple languages.Overall, learning a new language is a valuable investment in yourself that can lead to personal growth, increased career opportunities, and a broader understanding of the world around you.Questions:1. According to the passage, what are some cognitive benefits of learning a new language?A. Improved memory and problem-solving skillsB. Enhanced creativity and innovationC. Increased physical fitness and staminaD. Better social skills and emotional intelligence2. How can learning a new language benefit your career, according to the passage?A. It can decrease your earning potentialB. It may limit your job prospectsC. It can increase your chances of getting hiredD. It has no impact on your career prospects3. What opportunities does learning a new language open up for travel?A. It allows you to stay in tourist resortsB. It enables you to communicate with people in their native languageC. It restricts your ability to explore different culturesD. It doesn’t have any impact on your travel experiences4. How does being bilingual give you a competitive edge in the job market?A. It makes you less desirable to potential employersB. It limits your ability to work with global clientsC. It sets you apart from other job candidatesD. It has no effect on your job prospects5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of learning a new languageB. The challenges of learning a new languageC. The importance of traditional teaching methodsD. The impact of technology on educationSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to listen to two passages, each with questions following it. After listening to each passage, you will have to answer the questions based on what you have heard.Passage 1Directions:In this section, you are going to listen to a passage read aloud. The passage will be read just once. After listening to the passage, you will have to answer five questions based on what you have heard.The Impact of Technology on EducationTechnology has revolutionized the field of education in recent years, enabling students to access a wealth of information and resources at their fingertips. The use of computers, tablets, and smartphones in the classroom has transformed the way students learn and has made education more interactive and engaging. Online learning platforms and educational apps have also become increasingly popular, allowing students to learn at their own pace and in a way that suits their individual needs.However, while technology has many benefits in education, it also poses some challenges. The overreliance on technology can lead to a decrease in critical thinking and problem-solvingskills in students. Additionally, the abundance of information available online can make it difficult for students to discern credible sources from unreliable ones. It is essential for educators to strike a balance between technology use and traditional teaching methods to ensure that students are receiving a well-rounded education that prepares them for success in the modern world.Questions:1. How has technology transformed the field of education, according to the passage?A. It has made education less interactive and engagingB. It has limited students’ access to informationC. It has revolutionized the way students learnD. It has made learning more traditional and static2. What challenges does technology pose in education?A. It decreases critical thinking and problem-solving skillsB. It limits students’ access to informationC. It makes it easier for students to discern credible sourcesD. It has no impact on students’ learning abilities3. What is the importance of striking a balance between technology use and traditional teaching methods in education?A. It is necessary to eliminate traditional teaching methods entirelyB. It ensures that students are not exposed to technologyC. It guarantees that students receive a well-rounded educationD. It limits students’ access to informationPassage 2Directions:In this section, you are going to listen to a passage read aloud. The passage will be read just once. After listening to the passage, you will have to answer five questions based on what you have heard.The Benefits of VolunteeringVolunteering is a valuable way to give back to the community and make a positive impact on the lives of others. There are numerous benefits to volunteering, both for the individuals being helped and for the volunteers themselves. For those in need, volunteering can provide much-needed assistanceand support, whether it be through helping at a local food bank, assisting in disaster relief efforts, or volunteering at a nursing home.For volunteers, the benefits are equally significant. Volunteering allows individuals to develop new skills, gain valuable experience, and make lasting connections with others in the community. It can also boost self-esteem and confidence, as volunteers see the direct impact of their efforts on the lives of those they are helping. Additionally, volunteering can be a great way to explore new interests and passions, as well as to build a sense of purpose and fulfillment.Questions:1. What benefits does volunteering provide to individuals in need?A. It limits their access to assistance and supportB. It enables them to provide assistance to othersC. It provides much-needed assistance and supportD. It has no impact on their lives2. What benefits does volunteering offer to the volunteers themselves?A. It limits their ability to develop new skillsB. It can boost self-esteem and confidenceC. It prevents them from making connections with othersD. It has no impact on their personal growth3. How can volunteering help individuals explore new interests and passions?A. It restricts their ability to find fulfillmentB. It limits their connections with others in the communityC. It can be a great way to build a sense of purpose and fulfillmentD. It has no impact on their personal growthThis concludes the listening comprehension section of the exam. Good luck!WritingTask: Write an essay on the following topic:“The Importance of Lifelong Learning”In your essay, you should:1. Explain what lifelong learning is and why it is important.2. Provide examples of how lifelong learning can benefit individuals personally and professionally.3. Discuss how you plan to incorporate lifelong learning into your own life.Essay:Lifelong learning is the continuous process of acquiring new knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout one’s life. It is important because it allows individuals to adapt to a rapidly changing world, keep their minds active and engaged, and stay competitive in the job market.One of the key benefits of lifelong learning is personal growth. By constantly seeking new information and challenging themselves, individuals can expand their horizons, develop a deeper understanding of the world around them, and cultivate a sense of curiosity and intellectual curiosity. This can lead to increased confidence, improved self-esteem, and a greater sense of fulfillment in life.Professionally, lifelong learning can open up countless opportunities for career ad vancement and growth. In today’s fast-paced and ever-evolving job market, employers are constantly seeking individuals who are willing to learn new skillsand adapt to changing technologies and trends. By committing to lifelong learning, individuals can stay competitive, increase their earning potential, and progress in their careers.Incorporating lifelong learning into my own life is a priority for me. I plan to take advantage of online courses, workshops, and seminars to continuously expand my knowledge and skill set. Additionally, I will seek out new experiences and challenges that push me out of my comfort zone and encourage personal growth. By committing to lifelong learning, I hope to stay engaged, motivated, and passionate about learning and growing throughout my life.Overall, lifelong learning is essential for personal and professional development. It allows individuals to stay relevant in a constantly changing world, maintain a sense of curiosity and intellectual engagement, and continue to grow and evolve throughout their lives. By committing to lifelong learning, individuals can unlock their full potential, achieve their goals, and lead fulfilling and successful lives.This concludes the writing section of the exam. Thank you for your participation, and good luck!。
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资源（标识/频谱）体系
标识是对物联网物理实体、通信实体和应用实体赋予的或其本身固有的一个或一 组属性，用于无歧义的自动识别各种物联网物理和逻辑实体。 物体标识主要标识物理实体和通信硬件实体，目的是实现对物体的辨别、信息追 溯、信息交换、关联操作以及管理和控制等。 通信标识用于标识与信息数据的传 送和 交换相关的逻辑实体，主要目 的是寻址， 实现信息的正确路由和 定位。这些逻辑 实体包括协议、会 话、端口等。 应用标识主要标识物联网中的各类 应用 实体，包括各种服务和信息资 源等。建 立兼容已有体系的统一物 体标识和解析 体系是发展需要解决 的重大问题。
物联网服务业
• 通信服务:通信网络服务能力领先； M2M应用初具规模并80%增长， M2M终端超500万；近距离通信终 端与芯片、传感器与通信集成终 端、RFID与移动通信集成终端、方 面需提升服务能力 • 互联网信息处理与数据分析业： 以商业智能为代表有一定的规模， 国 内现有BI厂商有近500家。 • 软件及服务高速增长： —2009年软件产业收入9513亿元， 同比增长25.6%。其中系统集成 收入2203亿元，同比增长23.7% —软件核心能力不足，处于产业 链的低端，利润率仅为10%左右 • 云计算：尚未形成规模化商业服 务，研发和商业探索阶段。阿里 巴巴、腾讯、用友、神州数码、 金蝶等
• 约40个国家从事传 个国家从事传 感器的研制、 感器的研制、生产 开发， 和应用 开发，研发 机构6000余家，生 余家， 机构 余家 产单位超5000 家。 产单位超 • 美国、欧洲、俄罗 斯从事传感器研究 和生产厂家 各1000 余家，日本有800 余 余家，日本有 家。 • 主要厂商：霍尼韦 尔Honeywell、福克 、 波罗Foxboro、 波罗 、 ENDEVCO、 、 Bell&Howell、 、 Solartron、飞利浦、 、飞利浦、 俄热工仪表所
传感器市场 传感器市场快速增长 十几年来产量及市场需求年增长率均在10％以上，2008年 全球传感器市场容量506亿美元，预计2010年达600亿美元 以上。 • 新技术的发展将重新定义未来的传感器市场，比如无 线传感器、光纤传感器、智能传感器和金属氧化传感 器等新型传感器的市场份额将日趋扩大 • 惯性测量器件、微流量器件、光MEMS器件、压力传感 器、加速度传感器、微型陀螺和汽车领域应用的MEMS MEMS 器件等将具有巨大发展潜力。
汇报议程
发达国家相关战略和计划 物联网关键技术与产业链 应用现状与问题 政策走势研判
物联网应用处于起步阶段
目前全球物联网应用还处于起步阶段，主要包括RFID、传感器、M2M 等应用项目， 、传感器、 等应用项目， 大部分是试验性或小规模部署，整体上处于探索和尝试阶段。 大部分是试验性或小规模部署，整体上处于探索和尝试阶段。 1. 物联网应用以闭环应用居多：（1）特定行业或企业的闭环应用。（2）这些应 用有着自己的协议、标准和平台，相互间难以兼容。 2. 以点带面、应用规模逐步扩大：（1）在各行业领域的应用目前仍以点状出现， 覆盖面较大、影响范围较广的应用案例非常有限。 （2）随着主要国家和地区 政府的大力推动，以点带面、行业应用带动物联网产业的局面正在逐步呈现。 3. 基于RFID的物联网应用相对成熟，无线传感器应用则仍处于试验阶段：（1） 从规模而言，RFID应用相对成熟，在金融（手机支付）、交通（不停车付费 等）、物流（物品跟踪管理）等行业已 经形成了一定的规模性应用；（2）全 球范围内基于无线传感器的物联网应用部署规模并不大，很多系统都在试验阶 段。
应用层关键技术主要包括SOA、 、 云计算等。 云计算等。 SOA由美国主导，国际标准组 织主要有ISO/IEC JTC1、OASIS、 WS-I和TOG等，统一标准体系 还未成型。 云计算处于初期发展阶段，从 技术到应用亦由美国领先， 2008年， 开放云计算联盟成立， 云计算标准 目前处于起步阶段。
传感器产业 —形成较完整敏感元件与传感 器产业，传感器市场近几年增 速超过10% 预计2010年销售额达到632亿元。 —传感器年产量24亿只，约 3,000多个品种 —455家生产厂家，产业链涉及 企业达1400多家，95%以上属 小型企业， 外资企业占据较大 优势 整体上来看，我国传感器产业处于初 期发展阶段，基础传感器芯片研发生 产薄弱、企业规模偏小、技术标准缺 乏、应用领域不广、层次偏低
汇报议程
发达国家相关战略和计划 物联网关键技术与产业链 应用现状与问题 政策走势研判
什么是物联网 物联网是利用传感器、执行器、RFID及各种智能装置对物 理空间进行感知识别， 依托通信网络进行传输和互联，利 用计算设施和软件系统进行信息处理和知识 挖掘，实现人 与物、物与物的信息交互和生产生活信息流的无缝连接， 进而达 到对物理世界的实时控制、精确管理和科学决策。 现阶段指在物理世界实体中部署具有一定感知能力、计算 能力和执行能力的各 种信息传感设备，通过网络设施实现 信息传输、协同和处理，从而实现广域或 大范围的人与物 、物与物之间信息交换需求的互联。
嵌入式系统市场及仪器仪表与测量控制 全球嵌入式系统市场规模超过万亿美元。嵌入式系统产业呈现出较分散的竞争格 局。主要应用于工业控制、交通管理、信息家电、家庭智能管理、POS网络、环 境工程、机器人等。 嵌入式微处理器超过1000多种，体系结构30多个系列，主流体系包括ARM、MIPS、 PowerPC、X86和SH等。 嵌入式软件市场规模超过1000亿美元，嵌入式操作系统有Arm-Linux、VxWorks、 Windows CE等十多家。 物联网需要大量智能仪器仪表，如各类智能终端、测试仪表、传感测量设备等， 将成为重要的产业。厂家主要集中在美国、日本、德国等
物联网关键技术 1.传感技术 2.识别技术 3.嵌入式系统 4.微电机技术 5.电信网络物物通信增强技术 6.认知无线电和网络环境感知技术 7.下一代互联网技术 8.SOA（面向服务的体系架构） 9. 9.云计算技术
标准是国际竞争的制高点，涉及 如下：物联网应用需求、架构和 接 口、通信协议、标识、安全、 应 用、数据、公共服务平台、设 备、测试等标准，等等
嵌入式系统与仪器仪表与测量控制
硬件依赖国外技术，芯片、平台软件、开发工具与国外有很大差距,95%的嵌 入式CPU进口。 嵌入式软件2009年达到1674亿，但以基于中低端应用为主，嵌入式操作系统、 数据库和开发工具等平台软件 中，国外品牌占据了绝对优势。 嵌入式应用软件缺乏产业链协同，没有完全形成系统产业链，产品标准化、 市场化、专业化和社会化程度较低， 软硬件同步研发能力弱。 我国的仪器仪表行业收入和利润已经连续五年实现了20 ％以上的快速增长。 2009 年累计实现产品销售收入约5 千亿元，仪器仪表产业企业数约为5526 个， 小型企业占90%，数字万用表、电度表、水表、煤气表等产量领先。 满足物联网应用需求的智能仪器仪表尚未发展起来。
关键技术研发及标Βιβλιοθήκη 化针对物物通信特征，电信网络接 入层和网络架构将优化改进。 3GPP 正在研究支持 正在研究支持MTC （机器 类通信） 类通信）的技术 环境感知技术总体还处于研究初 期阶段。认知无线电技术研究 和 标准化工作主要集中在 IEEE，部 ， 分实现了标准化。 分实现了标准化。网络环境感知 阶段， 方面还处于学术讨论 阶段，标 准化工作尚未开展
发达国家处于领先地位
3. 日本物联网应用创新独树一帜。（1）日本是较早启动物联网应用的国家 之一，重视政策引导和与企业的结合，对有近期可实现、有较大市场需求 的应用给予政策上的便利，对于远期规划应用则以国家示范项目的形式通 过资金和政策上的支持吸引企业参与技术研发和应用推广。（2）通过政 府的示范性项目在灾难应对、安全管理、公众服务等领域引入物联网应 用， 已在金融领域实现了移动支付的规模商用（Felica）。 4. 韩国结合本国强势产业，以先导应用带动物联网产业。（1）韩国物联网 应用主要集中在韩国本土产业能力较强的汽车、家电及建筑领域，韩国在 U-IT839计划中，确定了八项需要重点推进的业务，其中U-City、U-Home （泛在家庭网络）和Telematics/ LocationBased（汽车通信平台/基于位置的 服务）等业务成为与物联网相关的先导应用。（2）经过几年努力， 韩国 在物联网及相关的信息家电、汽车电子等领域已居全球先进行列。 全球物联网应用正朝着规模化、协同化和智能化方向发展：各国发展路径不同， 全球物联网应用正朝着规模化、协同化和智能化方向发展：各国发展路径不同，纷 纷结合各国比较优势产业，在电力、交通、 纷结合各国比较优势产业，在电力、交通、物流等 基础设施领域加快物联网应用 发展。 发展
关键技术研发及标准化
—传感和识别技术正向低成本、低功耗、新型化、微型化、智能化、综合化方向发 传感和识别技术正向低成本、低功耗、新型化、微型化、智能化、 传感和识别技术正向低成本 展。 —传感技术标准化工作开始起步，识别技术标准相对成熟。 传感技术标准化工作开始起步，识别技术标准相对成熟。 传感技术标准化工作开始起步 ◆传感器：整体在功能、成本、可靠性方面尚未成熟，研发侧重于新材料新功能的新 型传感器、MEMS、智能传感器、多功能传感等 ◆传感器网络：无线传感器网络成为主流，其技术研发基本面向应用定制，在嵌入平 台上进行技术和产品研究。无线传感器网络整体标准 研究刚起步，ISO/IEC JTC1传感 器网络标准工作组2009年10月成立。 ◆识别技术：相对较成熟，开始步入发展期。RFID、二维编码、定位、GIS等识别技 术已实现规模化应用，标准体系相对清晰。 ◆RFID编码进入到全球统一标识标准争夺的关键阶段 编码进入到全球统一标识标准争夺的关键阶段
面临的主要问题与挑战 我国物联网应用尚在起步阶段，产业体系不完善，技术水平和创新能力不高，存在 一系列共性问题亟待解决： 部分技术标准存在着政出多门、互不支持与协调的局面 技术产业两头弱、中间强 — 通信相关技术产业差距小、能力强 — 传感器处于初期阶段，高端产品为国外垄断 — RFID产业链初步形成，但技术产业实力与发达国家差距，RFID以低端为主， 高端芯片等核心领域无法产业化。 —嵌入式系统从核心硬件到软件均依赖于国外 — 基础软件、高端软件和高端综合集成能力弱 — 云计算服务等从架构到技术均跟随国外发展。 规模经济不够，也缺乏长期的盈利模式 — 涉及多个行业和应用领域，部门之间系统建设呈现独立性，形成多个信息孤 岛。需要进一步打破行业壁垒，实现资源共享 将面临对国家安全和个人隐私的威胁和挑战 — 安全政策与技术标准、身份识别机制和认证授权机制、信用体系和信用环境 都有待完善