医学专业英语 lesson 5 Passage 1 The Digestive System

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Functions
Absorption 吸收
The passage of these nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream
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Functions
Elimination 排泄 The excretion of solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the blood
❖ In the upper part of abdominal cavity
❖Connects the esophagus with the small intestine
fundus antrum
body
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The small intestine
Nearly all of the chemical digestion of the nutritional components of food takes place here. It is divided into three sections --- the duodenum,
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
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The pharynx
nasopharynx oropharynx
laryngopharynx
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The pharynx
Functions
As a passageway
for food from the mouth to
Teeth Tongue Palate
Chewing Swallowing Speaking
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The mouth
The teeth
Functions: cut tear crush
Types: Incisors and cuspids are in front of the mouth; molars are in the back.
major organs in the digestive system ▪ Associated medical terms
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What is the digestive system?
It is also called the gastrointestinal or alimentary canal. It contains the organs involved the ingestion and processing of food.
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Nine main organs
❖ mouth ❖ pharynx ❖ esophagus ❖ stomach ❖ small intestine ❖ large intestine ❖ liver ❖ gallbladder ❖ pancreas
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The mouth
The process of digestion begins in the mouth, also called the buccal cavity / oral cavity.
Functions: Food is propelled
by rhythmic contractions of muscles in the wall of the esophagus. This process is called peristalsis.
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The Stomach
❖ A pouch-like organ
called papillae.
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papillae
The mouth --- the palate Hard palate Soft palate
Uvula
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The mouth --- Salivary glands There are three pairs of salivary glands
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Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomically
The digestive system consists of a 30-foot long, mucous membranelined tube.
The digestive system is composed of 9 organs
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Functions
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination
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Functions
Ingestion 摄入 The entry of food into the body
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Functions
Digestion 消化 The physical and chemical breakdown of food into nutrients that can be used by the body’s cells
the jejunum and the ileum.
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The large intestine
It extends from the end of the ileum to the anus. It is divided into four parts: cecum, colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.
the esophagus
As a Passageway for air from nose to the
windpipe (trachea)
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The esophagus
Structure: A long muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach
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Accessory digestive organs
Accessory Digestive organs:
the liver gallbladder pancreas
The liver The
gallbladder
The pancreas
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Conclusion
Our digestive system kicks in the minute food enters our mouths. Moving through the digestive tract —down the esophagus, into the stomach, ending up in the small intestine — food is chemically broken down into smaller molecules, and nutrients are adsorbed into the body.
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Passage 1 The Digestive System
The digestive System
In this passage you will learn: ▪ The digestive system as a whole ▪ Anatomy and physiology of the
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The mouth
The tongue ---
extends across
the floor of the
oral cavity. It
Root of
is covered
tongue
with a series
of cone-shaped
small projections
Body of
tongue
From here, solid wastes move into the colon, where they remain for a day or two until they are passed out of the body.
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