2010学年第二学期松江区高三英语质量调研卷

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—2010学年高三第二次调研考试英语参考答案及评分标准

新乡平顶山许昌2009—2010学年高三第二次调研考试英语参考答案及评分标准01—05 CCCAA 06—10 CBABC 11—15 ABACA 16—20 CBCBA21—25 CBBDA 26—30 BADCD 31—35 DBCAA 36—40 CACDA41—45 CBDCC 46—50 ADDBC 51—55 BDBCA 56—60 CDABD61—65 CABCD 66—70 AADBD 71—75 BCACA01—20小题每小题1.5分，共30分；21—35小题每小题1分，共15分；36—55小题每小题1.5分，共30分；56—75小题每小题2分，共40分；短文改错76. 去were 77. weekend前加the 78. 去when 79. at—on 80. and–but81. wonderfully—wonderful 82 ticket—tickets 83. go—went 84. 正确 85. they—we 短文改错评分细则1、如果题号后改正后的单词拼写与形式正确，而改正方式（如：漏字符∧横线＿斜线＼的划法）不够标准，给分，如果文中标识正确，而在题号后添加汉字说明，给分，其它类同，如果文中标识正确，而在题号后用箭头标示，给分。

2、如果题号后写的答案正确，但文中无标明改正的任何符合或错号划错地方，不给分；如果在文中改正，但在题号后无答案，不给分。

如在文中将多余词用斜线划掉，在题号后虽将该词写出，但没用斜线划掉，给分。

如果文中标明错误的符号正确，但题号后的横线上改正有错，不给分。

3、单词拼写字迹潦草，书写不规范，如能判断为何字母且符合正确答案，但大小写有误给分。

4、短文改错题只有 1，0分。

书面表达 One possible versionRecently, a survey has been made in our school on whether we students should live on campus in a boarding school. The opinions are divided.70% of us are in favor of it as living on campus can help develop a good habit of studying and living. Besides, they can spend less time on the way to school and home. What’s more, they can consult teachers and discuss with classmates, which will contribute to their improvement.However, 30% of them are against it for the reasons below: First, the school canteen can’t meet the various needs of students. Second, if they live on campus, they’ll have little chance to get in touch with society. Last, without parents accompanying, they communicate less with them.Personally, I think it’s necessary to live on campus because we can live, study and play together happily.。

上海市松江区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量监控英语试卷

上海市松江区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量监控英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Buy Now, Pay Later SpendingBuy now, pay later(BNPL) spending is expected to rise to record levels this holiday season. With so many young “buy now, pay later” shoppers already in debt from this short-term financing tool not requiring interest, questions emerge: Why do these shoppers use such a tool? And what risks does it pose to their budgets in the months 1 (come)?The many Generation Z and millennials (typically around 40 years and younger) tend to use this short-term financing, 2 allows them to buy items and pay for them over time. Offered mostly by financial technologies, BNPL allows these customers to pay back their purchases 3 interest and with the first payment usually made at checkout. The most common “buy now, pay later” plan is 4 customers make four equal payments and pay off the debt in six weeks. It’s been a lifeline for some people, such as a university student 5 weekly income is not big enough. “BNPL provides consumers with flexible payment options so they 6 manage spending,” said Vivek Pandya, lead analyst at Adobe Digital Insights. That is of great importance for many consumers, especially 7 with a tendency to purchase higher-cost items.However, since BNPL 8 (appear), warnings from experts have come into our view. They have been indicating that it’s financially unhealthy to form such a spending habit. According to New York Federal Reserve economists, BNPL may encourage debt to increase over time, 9 (influence) a consumer’s ability to meet non-BNPL commitments, or users to over extend themselves. Users should also note that 10 interest is not charged on the loan, they’ll be hit with late fees for missed payments, which can add up quickly, says the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than youA Review on Oppenheimer Oppenheimer is Christopher Nolan’s film about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the man known as “the father of the atomic(原子的) bomb”. As a drama aboutresearch and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two cities in Japan, during World War II.Oppenheimer is a great achievement, partly because it 12 relates that period of history thanks to Nolan’s lifelike filmmaking. Nolan goes deep and long on the 13 of the bomb, but he doesn’t restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes.The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades, starting in the 1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair 14 . The film touches on his personal and professional milestones, the controversies that 15 him, and the attacks that nearly ruined him. Besides, the friendships and romances 16 him, yet also troubling, are also described.The path of Oppenheimer’s life 17 shifted at Berkeley. He was once only an academic there, but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force. By that time, Oppenheimer had become friends with Ernest Lawrence, a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator (粒子加速器) and played a(n) 18 role in the Manhattan Project. And Oppenheimer also met the project’s military head and was then made director of Los Alamos, where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place.François Truffaut once wrote that “war films, even those who support peace, even the best, willingly or not, present wars in a certain 19 way.” That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing millions of souls. In the film, you hearthat Oppenheimer’s famous words 20 his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose: “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world.三、完形填空Paris has long been at the heart of the history of flight. It is where the Montgolfier brothers went up in the first hot-air balloon in 1783, and where Charles Lindbergh completed the first one-person transatlantic areophane journey in 1927. Next year, if all goes to plan,of electric aircraft, launches a flying-taxi service during the Olympic Games. At the Parisflying machines designed for urban transport.The electrification of aviation (航空) has often been dismissed as a pipe dream, with batteries assumed too heavy a 23 for traditional fuel in an airborne vehicle. For longer journeys, that may well be true. Yet upstarts like V olocopter are betting that electrification can 24 a boom in demand for clean and quick air journeys over shorter distances.The main form of a flying taxi under 25 , called an electric vertical(垂直的) take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, is expected to carry up to four passengers plus a pilot. Powered by batteries, it is predicted to be both quiet enough to reduce complaints in crowded cities, and fast: capable of up to 300kph, enough to comfortably 26 a car, especially the one stuck in traffic. And optimists believe the absence of traffic in the sky will also make eVTOLs well-suited to 27 operation. They could prove handy for transporting goods, too. That vision has inspired 28 predictions. For example, Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, estimates global spending on eVTOLs could hit $1,000 billion by 2040!Regardless of the above 29 expectations, challenges remain. One problem is technical certification, which is turning out to be a(n) 30 process as aviation regulators work on an entirely new form of aircraft. Late last year, due to regulatory delays and some other factors, Joby, a Silicon Valley startup, was forced to 31 its launch by one more year until 2025. Many have even longer to go. The bigger question is — is the business of flying taxis 32 practicable? EVTOLs currently range in price from $1 million to $ 4 million. Some believe that their cost may come down as the industry develops. Brian Yutko ofWisk, a maker backed by Boeing, says that flying-taxi rides will be accessible to 33 in the near future. And Joby promises that its fares will be comparable to catching a common taxi. 34 , there is an opposite belief that eVTOLs are likely to remain expensive. Some studies suggest the cost could end up as high as $7 per kilometer, many times a regular taxi fare. That means, even without a pilot, flying taxis may remain a convenience 35 only to a lucky few.Let’s expect plenty more experiments with electric aircraft in the years ahead. 21．A．cooperator B．competitor C．observer D．pioneer 22．A．wind-driven B．battery-driven C．gas-driven D．solar-driven 23．A．substitute B．shelter C．treatment D．desire 24．A．regulate B．maintain C．unlock D．reverse 25．A．pressure B．attack C．development D．repair 26．A．underestimate B．update C．outpace D．overdo 27．A．rigid B．autonomous C．attentive D．illegal 28．A．daring B．discouraging C．unclear D．ordinary 29．A．technological B．unrealistic C．rewarding D．enthusiastic 30．A．efficient B．simple C．lengthy D．intelligent 31．A．put off B．speed up C．object to D．approve of 32．A．historically B．technically C．theoretically D．economically 33．A．the learned B．the disabled C．the seniors D．the masses 34．A．Furthermore B．However C．Fortunately D．Consequently 35．A．affordable B．valuable C．unbelievable D．unsuitable四、阅读理解Every summer, as a child, I spent with my parents the annual family holiday, flying away from our home in the West Midlands to their birthplace in Ireland.I enjoyed it, but once, I behaved differently and left home. Package tours and long-distance flights became my idea of a holiday. I then went and ran into an Englishman who also came of Irish stock, and we both felt the urge to renew our knowledge of Ireland.It was important for us to discover something different from our childhood visits. So that’s how we came to drive along the winding St John’s Point Peninsula (半岛) in Donegal,part of Ireland’s Wild Atlantic Way, to visit a unique part of the 20th-century history — the Donegal Corridor.When anyone drives to the point where the land runs out, he sees giant white stones fixed firmly in green grass spelling out “EIRE” and “70”, while the Atlantic wind fiercely blows across the headland and the ice-white waves smash into the rocks below. The meaning behind the stones? They date back to the Second World War when St John’s Point was number 70 in a total of 83 Look Out Points (LOPs), observation stations set up and maintained by Ireland all around its coast.There lies a bit of curious UK-Ireland history. Although Ireland was officially neutral during the war, the Battle of the Atlantic was being fought close to Irish shores, and these LOPs, staffed by local volunteers known as Coast watchers, passed on information on activities connected with the sea and weather fronts to London.At St John’s Point, we were standing right under the Donegal Corridor, a long narrow area of airspace in which Ireland ensured safe passage during World War II to planes in the RAF (Royal Air Force) from bases in the UK-governed North of Ireland. The stone markings acted as reference points to aircrews.Standing on this rough area of land surrounded by the wild and windy ocean brought home to us the conditions in which the Coast watchers and aircrews in the RAF cooperated in a shared history.I revolted against my family tradition that summer, and I fulfilled my aim of discovering something new and absorbed all Donegal has to offer: empty golden beaches, mysterious ancient stone circles, folk music and crafts, and tasty food. I had fallen in love with Ireland all over again.36．What can we learn about the author from paragraphs 1 to 3?A．She met a childhood friend from Ireland that year.B．She and that Englishman both had Irish ancestors.C．She took package tours and long-distance flights every year.D．She explored the Wild Atlantic Way with her family members.A．the Battle of the Atlantic took place right close to themB．weather information from the UK was sent through themC．they functioned as reference points to aircrews in the RAFD．they ranked at the top in the 83 LOPs around the Irish coastA．worried about B．passed on C．celebrated D．disobeyed 39．Which might be the best title of the passage?A．A Global Journey B．Discovering Undiscovered DonegalC．Happy Holidays D．Escaping from the West MidlandsAds, news, movies, TV shows, and many other types of media all want you to accept their messages at face value. However, you should look beneath the surface and ask questions to decode what the media message is really saying. You need to ask yourself two basic(Picture A)Knowing who is responsible for a message can reveal its true intention, as well as any possible prejudice. Just take the picture above as an example. Why are we asked to ban the impacts? Don’t forget that the source at the bottom plays a part. If, sometimes, the source isn’t clear, we can look for it by checking legal documents.(Picture B)The obvious part of a message is called the text, which includes any language, imagery, music, or anything (Picture C)Photo control is nearlyas old as photography itself,but modern technology hasmade it common and easy to(Picture D)Social media users can alsogive themselves a digitaltransformation with a littleeffort. They can makeelse you can see or hear. The implied part of a message is called the subtext,and it’s suggested by the content rather than directly seen or heard. We as individuals then decide how to interpret this subtext based on our personal ideas, world views, and expectations. People with different perspectives might interpret the same piece of message differently. Mind that some media may just take advantage of the prejudice.do. Using photo editing software, almost anyone can make big changes to an image, from adjusting colors and lighting to adding and removing content. That’s why you should always keep a critical eye on images in the media. Some media may hold back or overstate information,like an advertisement that makes the products appear more effective than they really are. themselves look however they like in just a few moments. But since these edited images are presented as reality, they can affect our mental well -being. Byconstantly seeing pictures of artificially superb people, some of us may start to believe that these picturesare genuine, and that we can never live up to theseunrealistic ideals. This typeof harmful thinking can leadto all sorts of mental andemotional health concerns. Question 2: How is it trying to get your attention?40．We can learn from the passage A ．the media hope that you can make sense of their true meaningsB ．finding the sources of media helps to form a sensible judgmentC ．text is more important than subtext when we analyze the messagesD ．photography and photo editing software date back to the same time41．Your aunt finds her newly -bought belt doesn’t make her so stylish as advertised. Which picture can illustrate the case?A ．Picture AB ．Picture BC ．Picture CD ．Picture D42．This passage can be found under the section of ________.A ．Mass Media ReadingB ．Content -Targeted AdvertisingC ．Deconstructing Web -pagesD ．Persuasive Language RecognitionAntibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has savedbillions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics,and the potential benefits of phages.43．We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .A．doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for themB．antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predictedC．new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of themD．previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems44．What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics?A．They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.B．They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.C．They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.D．They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.A．there is little chance of patenting phages in the futureB．governments provide financial support for other researchC．the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’ interestD．over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages46．What is the main idea of the passage?A．Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.B．Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.C．Development of antibiotics is limited by phages.D．Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.五、六选四Social MaskingAmanda is always an expert at working the room. She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality. This is social masking, the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. 47 Instead, they are hoping to fit in with everybody else. Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors, movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.48 People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky lifesituations with confidence, according to Dr. Tara Quinn-Cirillo. And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level, adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says Tara. “It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own, from a historical perspective. 49 ”There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking. 50 Social masking, on the other hand, involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings. It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.A．Social maskers do not try hard to match other people in pace and tone.B．Social masking is something we all engage in to some extent.C．Social maskers are not trying to fox anyone.D．When we are in natural identification with someone, it happens naturally, and there is very little effort involved.E．It’s adopted by people unable to naturally act in a way considered socially acceptable.F．That is, it’s an ancient part of our evolution to socialize, rather than be anti-social or a misfit.六、概要写作51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Should We Read Literary Classics?Many have grown up on a healthy diet of literary classics. Some literary classics have been inspiring readers in many ways. In this age of fast-turners, how does investing our time in a timeless literary classic change us for the better?Many literary classics from yesteryear, which got little or no success when published, are considered invaluable. These books offer a window through which we can experience histories rooted in different cultures. One can always ask, “But we can do so by reading our history books too. Why do we need to read classics?” The simple answer is that these literaryclassics are not just a retelling of history. They allow us to have a more individualized experience, where they show us other ways to look at history.It is common knowledge that reading as a habit helps us improve our command of the language. But literary classics have an edge: the enriching writing style is something that sets them apart. Fascinated with the amazing wording and phrasing, we’ll surely pause and wonder about what we read. For instance, when we read Shakespeare, we naturally begin to consider how to better express our ideas just like his far-reaching “Have more than you show; speak less than you know.”One more benefit is that after reading classics, we won’t see non-classics as just other stories: we’ll become interested in them. Maybe we’ll realize that some details we ignored last time are actually worth appreciating, or we’ll discover literary devices that bring a whole new meaning to the story. Literary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep and enhance our ability to think and reason, which will inevitably spill over into our reading of other works. We finally fall in love with non-classics as well.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．室友们商定好每两天打扫一次宿舍。

松江区高考二模英语试卷

考试时间：120分钟满分：150分一、听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）1. How does the man usually go to work?2. What is the woman's opinion about the new restaurant?3. What does the man suggest doing next weekend?4. Why does the woman cancel the meeting?5. What does the man mean when he says "You'll never guess what I did yesterday"?6. What is the main topic of the conversation?7. How does the woman prefer to communicate with her friends?8. What is the woman's major?9. Why does the man think the exam is difficult?10. What does the woman plan to do during the summer vacation?第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）11. What is the man's problem with his car?12. How does the woman know about the concert?13. What does the man ask the woman to do?14. Why does the woman go to the library?15. What is the main topic of the talk?16. How does the man feel about his job?17. What is the woman's advice for the man?18. Why does the woman think the book is interesting?19. What does the man mean when he says "It's not what you say but how you say it"?20. What is the woman's reason for not going to the party?二、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海市松江区高考教学质量监控（二模）英语试卷及答案

2020-2021学年上海市松江区高考教学质量监控（二模）英语试卷及答案第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One steamy July afternoon in central Arkansas, I was working on an important project in my home office. My trusty printer was busy producing an important report (21) ______ it simply stopped. After fifteen minutes of trying to repair, I decided to buy a new printer. Upon my return, my heart froze to see my house on fire.(22) ______ having spent much of my life writing, I was speechless when facing this situation. I was lost for adequate words (23) ______ (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (24) ______ (collect) over a lifetime. But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after (25) ______ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment.Responding to an early security-system warning, the amazing firefighters arrivedimmediately, (26) ______ the chemical smoke had already caused deaths. I examined and kissed each cat goodbye, extremely grateful that they had passed gently, without injuriesor burns.Only animal lovers really understand the unbelievable impact (27) ______ the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart, mind and soul. The loss of so many dearly loved creatures sent me in great sorrow.After staying with a friend of mine for a couple of weeks, I was relocated to a furnished apartment. One evening, about a month after moving in, I (28) ______ (occupy) in writing a mystery novel, and at that time a “meow” sounded from outside the apartment door. Was it my mind playing tricks again? More than once I had heard, seen or felt the brush of one of my departed furry roommates. The meow grew louder and more repetitive. Curious, I opened the door.Sitting on the doorstep was a kitten with a black coat and alert eyes. A neighbor (29) ______ (walk) by picked him up and began petting him. When I remarked how cute her kitten was, she explained that it had been born under a bridge and looked around for food. This kitty-loving neighbor was quick to offer an extra litter box if I was interested in giving him a home. My immediate reaction was: “that’s all I need!” without hesitation she put the cute kitten down. I thanked her and closed the door, determined to just let him stay (30) ______ a real home could be found.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personalgrowth as a(n) 31 result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By 32 , the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as we 33 new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a 34 to take risks. And we are supposed to be ready to face the 35 , and to accept the possibility that we may“fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re 36 and shy? Then our 37 of shyness can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more38 role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. We will 39 to grow, if we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, and if we protect ourselves too much. Webecome 40 inside a shell of our own making.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected toapologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are 42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 , as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.Why now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46 than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public place, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance.Why 49 ?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for 50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then,leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why refuse?Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53 risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .41. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally42. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different43. A. individual B. company C. family D. society44. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives45. A. urgent B. possible C. necessary D. simple46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully47. A. faithful B. trusty C. immediate D. public48. A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive49. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore50. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification51. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire52. A. attempt B. involve C. commit D. avoid53. A. financially B. professionally C. academically D. physically54. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination55. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategySection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn’t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.Today’s instant electronic memos—such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages—are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the “to” and “from.” Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. Thistrend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read—and respond to—on the go.The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before a movie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they’re suitable for smart phone typing.Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral—you read them, then they’re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can file, search and return to later. It’s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.So, e-mail won’t go away completely. Remember, we’ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead.That’s not how it wor ks. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.56. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?A. Contact close friends.B. Send long messages.C. Fill in some forms.D. Communicate with their colleagues.57. Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs3 and 4?A. The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail.B. The likes and dislikes of the young generation.C. The rapid development of e-communication channels.D. Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages.58. What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in paragraph 5 mean?A. Automatically-sending.B. Randomly-written.C. Hardly- recognized.D. Shortly-appearing.59. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. It’s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.B. E-mail has reasons to exist on its own advantages.C. E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end.D. We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.(B)60. The Fox News review mentioned the first party scene in the film to ________.A. reveal the fact that Nick wants to know more about GatsbyB. show the version of Rhapsody in Blue matches the film wellC. prove that the director is good at combining visual and musicD. convince us that the first scene is perfectly shot by thedirector61. According to Time Magazine, what did Baz Luhrmann do to make the film a success?A. He adapted the story in the novel as he wished.B. He made the film more powerful than the book.C. He mixed his style with the elegance of the book.D. He changed the story to meet his own style.62. Which of the following can be used to describe Gatsby?A. Faithful and warm-hearted.B. Charming and professional.C. Selfish and charming.D. Mysterious and devoted.(C)The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately merciful reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheatersin medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, and government.The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial (家庭的), religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonestbehaviour are very normal. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is common; there are homes which cultivate young people with high standards of moral behaviour and others which leave moral training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour applicants with positive moral behaviour. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for cultivating future doctors with moral sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress (倒退).It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example on moral behaviour. Medical schools must do something to make sure that their students are expected to be clear from day one. The development of a school’s culture of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing. Moreover, the school’s examination system and general treatment of students must be fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions (违规) must be firm, fair, transparent (透明的).63. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?A. Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.B. We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is possible.C. We know that this phenomenon exists in every medical school.D. We still need more reliable data to know how serious it is.64. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because________.A. The medical profession is based on trustB. There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicineC. The medical profession depends on the governmentD. Cheating exists extensively in medical schools65. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Medical schools should make a less competitive environment for students.B. Outstanding people should create a set of moral standards to be followed.C. Medical students should be positive in creating and preserving moral behavior.D. We don’t know the cause-and-effect of the examination cheating in medical school.66. Which of the following can be implied from the passage?A. It makes little sense to talk about medical school student cheating in exams.B. Medical schools haven’t been doing well to help students develop morally.C. Cheating in exams is tolerable outside of medical school circle.D. Elimination of exams helps cultivate healthier characters of medical school students. Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in eachblank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 67 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.69Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers.Learn more about howsuccess is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.There are various means consumers can do if they find that an item they bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s fav or, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especiallywhen the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with theitem in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear”is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 看孩子们在沙滩上打排球很有趣。

2020-2021学年上海松江区第二中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案

2020-2021学年上海松江区第二中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AEast Yorkshire has typical unpredictable British weather. So here are some ideas to keep everybody happy when the weather is not the most ideal.William's Den, North CaveThe outdoor and indoor areas are suitable for children of all ages to have fun.There are nests to explore, rope bridges to cross, a tree-house and a slide. The attached Kitchen provides fresh food made from locally sourced ingredients serving a selection of treats.East Riding Leisure CentresKnown for a fun learner pool alongside an incredible fun zone with two slides as well, it is perfect for kids to find their feet in the water, have fun and explore. Its 6 climbing walls offer a different challenge on each. This place is suitable for anyone over the age of 4 and you can refuel at cafe with fresh food, snacks and cakes.Sewerby Hall and GardensWhen the weather’s not sure, take cover in the Hall and learn how life was in the early 1900’s for the residents and workers of the house. Then explore the zoo and meet the pigs, parrots and penguins! Kids of all ages are welcome.Withernsea LighthouseThere’s no limitation to the age of kids to climb Withernsea Lighthouse, which is 144 steps to the top, with full views of the East Yorkshire Coast at the top of it. Enjoy the museum on the ground floor and learn what life is like working and living in a lighthouse. The souvenir shop provides attractive gifts for visitors at a fair price.1.Which one is unsuitable for kids of all ages?A.William’s Den, North Cave.B.East Riding Leisure Centres.C.Sewerby Hall and Gardens.D.Withernsea Lighthouse.2.Where can kids enjoy food?A.In William’s Den, North Cave and Sewerby Hall and Gardens.B.In East Riding Leisure Centres and Withernsea LighthouseC.In William’s Den, North Cave and East RidingLeisure Centres.D.In Sewerby Hall and Gardens and Withernsea Lighthouse.3.Where does this passage probably come from?A.A geography textbook.B.A science report.C.A finance magazine.D.A travel brochure.BDad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb two years older than I was. Every night, he wouldsmile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiles, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as before. The smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet.After so many years, he still organizes his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.4. What caused the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me?A. Generation gap.B. Dad’s failure in business.C. My ignorance of Dad.D. Dad’s absence from the family.5. Which of the following can best describe Dad?A. Gentle but strict.B. Hardworking and caring.C. Cautious and realistic.D. Demanding but patient.6. Why did Dad ask his daughter to clean his comb before her birthday?A. To give her a lesson.B. To follow his old habit.C. To fix their relationship.D. To praise her helpfulness.7. Which saying concludes the text best?A. Yesterday once more.B. Let bygones be bygones.C. Some things never change.D. Like father, like daughter.CBarred owls(大林鸮猫头鹰) are a large species native to eastern North America, but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century. By 1973,large numbers of barred owls had arrived in the western state ofWashington. Later they moved south intoOregonandCalifornia.In parts of thePacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl's worst enemy. The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals, like squirrels and wood rats. And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owl's traditional territory.David Wiens is a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, a federal agency that studies the Earth and its natural resources. He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls. It is a controversial, experimental program. More than 2,400 barred owls have already been shot.Wiens is the son of a well-known bird expert and grew up with the fascination for birds. He has mixed feelings about the program. "It's a little distasteful, I think, to go out killing barred owls to save another owl species," he says. But he adds, “We knew that barred owls were out competing spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast."To catch barred owls, officials put digital bird callers on the ground. Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air. All of this happens in the dark of night. Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory, so they will fly down and chase other owls out. That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them.8. What's the main problem with spotted owls?A. They are being starved to death.B. They have more babies each year.C. They are invaded by another bird.D. They are hunted by man.9. Why are barred owls being killed?A. They are eating the spotted owls.B. They are killing each other to survive.C. They are putting the spotted owls in danger.D. They are destroying large areas of forests.10. Why did the officials release the bird sounds?A. To kill barred owls.B. To puzzle barred owls.C. To protect barred owls.D. To frighten barred owls.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Killing One Animal to Save Another.B. Keeping the Balance of Nature.C. Protecting Birds in Danger.D. Preventing Birds from Playing Fair.DWhen I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of Mississippi River. That was, to be a steamboat man. We had temporary ambitions of other sorts, but they were only temporary.My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing；butthe desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. One of our boys in town, who went away and was not heard of for-a long time, turned up as apprentice engineer on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday—school teachings. That boy was notoriously worldly, and I was just the opposite. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty nail to scrub while his boat stopped at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him. And wherever his boat was laid up he would come home and show off in the town in his blackest and greasiest clothes, so that nobody could help remembering that he was a steamboat man; and he used all sorts of steamboat technical terms in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them.This creature's career could produce but one result, and it was speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river. Despite many choices, pilot was the grandest position of all. The pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary—from 150—250 dollars a month, and no board payment.But our parents would not let us and our worry was the next year would find us hunting for jobs with low pay again. So by and by I ran away. I said I never would come home again till I was a pilot and could come in glory.12. Why does the writer mention his father's job in Paragraph 2?A. To show that his father was in power.B. To show that his father is cruel.C. To emphasize the job he prefers.D. To emphasize his love for his father.13. Which of the following can best conclude the writer's attitude toward the boy?A. He thought the boy was material but pitiful.B. He thought the boy was annoying but still envied him.C. He thought the boy was shallow but knowledgeable.D. He thought the boy was disrespectful but still liked him.14. Which of the following statements is Not True?A. The boy talked in a way to make others feel jealous.B. The boy's experience made other boys follow suit.C. The pilot's salary was ly high but without meals covered.D. The writer was ambitious to make his childhood dream come true.15. What rhetorical method does the underlined sentence have?A. Simile.B. Personification.C. Parallelism.D. Irony.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2010年上海市高考英语质量调研卷

2010年上海市高考英语质量调研卷（附答案）(2010-06-03 15:19:43)转载分类：高考复习标签：2010上海高考英语质量调研卷教育II. Grammar and V ocabularySection A25. Whenever you have to work with numbers, plan to do it ______ noon. Y our brain works best at this time.A. inB. aroundC. withinD. at26. We have an excellent bus system and the traffic moves quickly. However, we _____ build more public parking.A. wouldB. canC. mustD. may27. Although he was born in Spain, ______ of his poems were written in French.A. anyB. someC. noneD. neither28. — Did you enjoy your journey to Hainan?— Y es. I have never been to a ______ place beforeA. beautifulB. most beautifulC. more beautifulD. less beautiful29. Both parents work in many families these days. Consequently, more children ______ in day-care centers while their parents go to work.A. were placedB. are being placedC. have been placedD. are placing30. Let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions.A. will never reachB. have never reach C, never reach D. never reached31. Corn is a renewable resource —you can harvest it and grow more almost limitlessly. So ______ gas with corn seems like a great idea.A. replacingB. replaceC. replacedD. having replaced32. — Where can we buy such beautiful mascot (吉祥物) of the Expo 2010 Shanghai？— Only in big cities ______ it.A. can you getB. you can getC. you do getD. do you get33. Just imagine what fun it is to smell the e-mail you receive. Telewest is testing a system ______ people to send aromatic(芳香的) e-mails over the internet.A. lettingB. to letC. letD. to have let34. If further ______, this invention could be used to make powerful microchips for computers.A. be developedB. to be developedC. developingD. developed35. Scientists say that it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A. sinceB. afterC. beforeD. when36. There are still not enough extreme sports in the Olympics, ______ some of then are very popular.A. thoughB. becauseC. whileD. since37. ______we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.A. IfB. ThatC. SinceD. Whether38. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world, ______we start valuing water more than we have in the past.A. ifB. untilC. asD. since39. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repairA. for whichB. of whichC. whereD. whose40. Anne couldn’t concentrate on ______ she was doing while her roomma te were playing computer games.A. thatB. howC. whenD. whatSection BA. resistB. psychologicalC. consumptionD. chemicalsE. harmF. swallowG. attractedH. controlledI. indirectlyJ. zeroThe Diet Zone: A Dangerous PlaceDiet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet”everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been __41__ by the promise and potential of dietproducts that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying forproducts that ___42___ us psychologically and physically.Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brainto admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the __43__of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and gostraight for the scale instead. All we have to do is to ___44___or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater ___45___ effects. Every time we have a zero-caloriedrink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that w e don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistanceand struggle.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in thephysical harm that they cause. Diet foods can ___46___ harm our bodies because consuming them insteadof healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pillscontain ___47___calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder pro-ducts. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dan-gerous.Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buy-ing them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of ___48___. Once we realize this, wewill be much better able to ___49__diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AMy first performance in front of an audience was coming up soon.I tried as hard as I could to remain ____ 50___, but I had an empty feeling in my stomach. I stared down at my sweat covered, shaking hands.I looked up again at the audience, realizing that these were ___51___ people. They were not just my mum and dad, who would say, "Good job!" even if I messed up the entire piece.What if I had the wrong music? What if I played the wrong notes?As it ___52___ I was never able to answer these questions because the spotlight was___53___for me. I grasped my hands tightly together, drying off the sweat.Slowly I walked to the mulberry piano in the ___54___ of the room. It contained 88 demanding keys, which were waiting impatiently to be played．I swallowed the golf ball-sized lump（隆起的）in my throat and sat down. ___55___, I opened the music．Next, I rested my still shaking hands on the ivory keys. As my fingers played across the keys, I was becoming more ___56___ of my preparation for this moment. But the memory of my year of training came flooding back. I knew that I had practiced this piece so many times that I could play it backwards if ___57___. Although at one point I accidentally played two keys ___58___ the intended one, I continued to move my fingers automatically. My eyes burned holes into the page in front of me.There was no ___59___ that I was going to lose my concentration. To keep this promise to myself, I leaned 60 and focused carefully on the music．___61___ I came to the end of the page, a warning ___62___ inside my head: Don’t make a mistake when you turn the page!Needless to say, I ___63___ myself with all my heart and mind．And, proud of my "page- turning" feat（技艺）I finished the rest of the piece ___64___ making a single mistake.After the final note died away, a celebration went into action inside my head．1 had finished．I had accomplished the impossible.50. A. unknown B. still C. calm D. quiet51. A. rue B. real C. young D. old52. A. turned out B. turned up C. turned back D. turned down53. A. looking B. searching C. expecting D. waiting54. A. comer B. cross C. center D. passage55. A. Nervously B. Calmly C. Slowly D. Suddenly56. A. relaxed B. unsure C. delighted D. confident57. A. requested B. instructed C. showed D. ordered58. A. in spite of B. instead of C. in the way of D. in the shape of59. A. way B. need C. use D. sense60. A. backward B. forward C. upward D. downward61. A. Though B. Since C. When D. How62. A. appeared B. had C. raised D. went63. A. satisfied B. enjoyed C. obeyed D. refused64. A.through B. for C. by D. withoutSection B（A）As a professor at a large American university, there is a phrase that I hear often from students: “I’monly a 1050.”, The unlucky students are speaking of the score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SA T),which is used to determine whether they will be admitted to the college or university of their choice, oreven have a chance to get a higher education at all. The SA T score, whether it is 800, 1 100 or 1550, hasbecomes the focus at this time of their life.It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores, then a great amount of their self-respect is put in the number. Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over. The low testscore, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many of life’s doors will rem ain forever closed. According to a study done in the 1990s, the SA T is only a reliable indicator of a student’s future performance in most cases. Interestingly, it becomes much more accurate when it is set together with otherindication——like a student’s h igh school grades. Even if standard tests like the SA T could show astudent’s academic proficiency（学业水平）,they will never be able to test things like confidence, effortsand willpower, and are unable to give us the full picture of a student’s potentialities(潜力).This is not tosuggest that we should stop using SA T scores in our college admission process. The SA T is an excellenttest in many ways, and the score is still a useful means of testing students. However, it should be onlyone of many methods used.65. The purpose of the SA T is to test students’ ______________.A. strong willsB. academic abilityC. full potentialitiesD. self-confidence66. Students’ self-respect is influenced by their ______________.A. scores in the SA TB. achievements in mathematicC. job opportunitiesD. high school grades67.“A prestigious university” is most probably ______________.A. a famous universityB. a technical university来源：(/s/blog_47609f5f0100jal8.html) - 2010年上海市高考英语质量调研卷（附答案）_上海考生的BLOG_新浪博客C. a traditional universityD. an expensive university68. This passage is mainly about ______________.A. how to prepare for the SA TB. stress caused by the SA TC. American higher educationD. the SA T and its effects（B）A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections, whatever is scientifically possible will be done — somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.69. What do we know from the recent study?A. People think highly of science.B. People hold mixed opinions about science.C. Science is developing quicklyD. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.70. The discussion on how science is applied should reach beyond scientific societies because __________.A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomesB. more people can share the knowledge of scienceC. united efforts are necessary for the development of scienceD. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science71. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Science is misused.B. The healthy development of science lies in people’s attitudes.C. Science is beyond the control of human beings.D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.（C）Y ou feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out , or feel upset .When you take and take without giving anything back ,you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values. Y our being values are the character traits of the ideal person you would like to be. I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment（承诺）to live by. An example of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model. Mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose.Y our having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. This is what you receive. Y ou take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person . A calm person might go for a walk, meditate （沉思）, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power.When you choose to act on your values , you not only feel good about yourself, you reinforce（加强）your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.72. The main purpose of this passage is to ______________.A. persuade the readers to make a commitmentB. explain to the readers what personal values areC. tell the readers how to be truly happyD. instruct the readers how to make wise choices73. According to the text，living by your being values, you would ______________.A. gain a lot of powerB. form positive personalityC. seek all human virtuesD. fill your own needs74. The underlined word “void” in Paragraph 1 means______________.A. a feeling of emptinessB. an absence of one’s mindC. a break of consciousnessD. a state of confusion75. From the passage we can infer that __________________.A. having values and being values is hard to be balanced .B. act on one’s own belief makes the life happier.C. the way other people think of you decides who you are.D. a responsible person does not care about financial security.Section CA. How to sort rubbishB. Rubbish to be usefulC. More financial supportD. Recycling plants built soonE. Transporting rubbishF. The study of materials76. ______Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dustbin would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.77. ______The new concept of recycling waste is taking shape at the British technological laboratory at Warren Spring, not far from the north of London. If the idea of reuse of waste can be put into practice, it can solve the problem of overuse of natural resources. Today, the laboratory spends four times as much money in studying recycling as it did five years ago.78. ______The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well. Methods have been discovered, for example, for removing the ink from newsprint so that the paper can be used again, and for obtaining valuable oils and gases from old motor car types. All these ideas are already being made use of, but what is new is the idea of combining them on sucha large scale in a single plant designed to recycle most types of waste.79. ______ Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal spikes which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that crushers and rollers will break up everything that can be broken finally, and the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; finely the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.80. _______ The first full-scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. But in some big industrial areas, where rubbish has been dumped for so long that there are no holes left to fill up with rubbish, these new automatic recycling plants may be built sooner. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 18 words.For most Americans, a clean glass of water is just a matter of turning on a faucet(水龙头). But for many of the world’s poorest, it’s hard to get.On Wednesday, the United Nations (UN) marked World Water Day by trying to cut the number of people without good drinking water — one billion human beings worldwide — in half. In the next ten years, the UN will work with governments around the world to reduce the shortage.Without clean water nearby, many people use water that is harmful to their health. In India, many people bathe and wash their clothes in rivers that are polluted by human waste.According to the UN, not having enough clean water and sanitation causes more than three million deaths a year.“The links between water and human heath are powerful,” said Dr Lee Jong Wook, director-general of the World Health Organization(WHO). “We cannot live without clean water.”In fact, the International Federation of the Red Cross said that quick reaction after Asian tsunami(海啸) a few years ago had stopped disease. The agency provided clean water to nearly 500,000 people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka after the tsunami.World Water Day was first celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is celebrated each year on March 22.81. What is the United Nation trying to do?_____________________________________________________________________________.82. According to the passage, the quality of the water .83. What did the International Federation of the Red Cross do after the tsunami? And why?__________ .84. What is the best title of the passage?.第二卷 (45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们应该保护森林，使其免受破坏和污染。

上海中学2010学年第二学期高三英语调研卷(高考模拟卷)

上海中学2010学年第二学期高三英语调研卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary25. - Come for dinner, Johnny?- Don't bother me! I am watching The King's Speech ________ director Tom Hooper. It is fascinating.A. byB. withC. aboutD. through26. While I say I agree to most of your ideas, I don't approve of ________.A. anythingB. everythingC. somethingD. nothing27. According to the 12th Five-Year Plan, our country ________ bring down energy consumption by 16 to 17 percent.A. shallB. shouldC. needD. must28. For children, if they have attention problems, it tends to be the result of eating ________ iron, not that they are naughty.A. such littleB. much littleC. the littleD. too little29. After World War 1, Buckles returned to Oklahoma for a while, ________ to Canada, and worked a series of jobs there before heading for New York City.A. movingB. movedC. being movedD. having moved30. -- When shall we start the restoration of the historic buildings?-- Not until our plan ________ by the committee.A. will be approvedB. will approveC. approvesD. is approved31. ________ it was a fun movie and I liked it the first time I saw it, I expected it to be so much better.A. As ifB. Even thoughC. BecauseD. Now that32. The president's remarks reflect a widespread worry ________ the more rules the school sets, the more rebellious (反抗的) the students would be.A. thatB. ifC. /D. because33. ________ high levels of radiation can lead to serious health breakdown.A. Exposing toB. Being exposed toC. To expose toD. Exposed to34. ________ in China's largest city for six years, the rural migrant worker, with a monthly income of 1,700 yuan, can only dream of owning an apartment in Chongqing.A. LivingB. Having livedC. To liveD. Lived35. In order to gain a bigger share in the market, many companies are striving ________ theirproducts more competitive.A. having madeB. makingC. madeD. to make36. ________ wins the first prize in the contest will attend the awarding ceremony next week.A. WhomB. WhoeverC. WhomeverD. Who37. Measures have been taken by many local governments to ensure ________ the software used in their offices is licensed.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. what38. Someone called me up early this morning, but he hung up ________ I could answer the phone.A. asB. sinceC. beforeD. until39. Contrary to the common belief that pain is e.qual to unhappiness, very often things ________ lead to happiness involve some pain.A. thatB. whereC. /D. by which40. According to some critics, the fact that Thailand ranks high on the list of places to which visitor want to return has more to do with the place than ________.A. the peopleB. the people doC. with the peopleD. do the peopleSection BA. involvesB. eventuallyC. praiseD. confuseE. likelyF. punishG. expectationH. proceduresI. affectionJ. terrifyMore and more families in Hong Kong now own a dog. Because of lack of space in the home and on the streets, it is important that a dog should be properly trained. Your neighbour's ___41___ for your dog will also be increased if he is we!l-behaved and does not ___42___ their children, or bark all night.Training ___43___ a great deal of patience and self-control on the part of the trainer. Getting angry if your dog fails to obey you will not help. You will often have to repeat instructions many times before your dog obeys. When he does finally do as he is told, you should reward him with ___44___ and maybe something good to eat. He will ___45___ come to associate doing what you tell him to do with these rewards and so will follow your instructions more quickly.It is very important that, during training, certain basic ___46___ should be followed. The training work shouldonly be carried out by one member of the family. Different voices and intonations (语调) will only ___47___ the dog. Once you have trained your dog, it is then time to train your family! Make sure they all use the words that you have taught him to obey.Dogs, like people, enjoy praises and reward. If you ___48___ your dog for not obeying, he will associate the word of command with punishment and will be less ___49___ to obey you in the future. And, like students dogs prefer short lessons which are fun to long boring ones.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase best fits the context.Meanness (being not generous anti unkind) is one of human nature's less attractive personality. But few people are completely, ___50___ mean. Keith Waterhouse, a journalist, explains why he's thrifty (economical).I am thrifty, you are careful, he is mean. I am generous, you are extravagant (奢侈的), he seems to have money to burn. More probably we are each a bit of all these types. I know I am. I am a very generous present-giver. I love buying presents ___51___ I hate buying wrapping paper. When ever my own ___52___ come in, I collect and save the wrappings and ___53___ them from one year to the next.The same ___54___ to stationery. I have never written on both sides of a sheet of paper in my life. I waste writing paper as if it ___55___ on trees, and I cannot go into a stationer's without buying up most of their envelopes in five different sizes. ___56___, I will not buy paperclips, rubber bands or ballpoint pens. I assume that ___57___ numbers of these will appear all by themselves.Some of my best friends are mean about string. They carefully save every piece that comes into their ___58___. I don't know why, since hardly anyone uses string these days and certainly no one has a need for 150 meters of it, which is what one lady I know has saved up.There are also people who are much too ___59___ with their money. They are those who get off the bus a stop early to avoid paying a higher fare, or wander supermarkets looking for special ___60___ and discounts. This is fine, as long as these economies are not ___61___ on others.It is when thrifi(节俭) ___62___ one's social life that it becomes meanness. The famous American multimillionaire J. Paul Getty ___63___ billions but is remembered for the pay phone he ___64___ for the use of hisguests. A psychiatrist friend of mine maintains that mean people are insecure. But then he says that about overgenerous people too. Mean people fear that their money will run out on them; overgenerous ones that their friends will.50. A. totally B. deeply C. hardly D. fairly51. A. anyhow B. so C. for D. but52. A. presents B. parcels C. baggage D. wrappings53. A. unfold B. recycle C. repeat D. replace54. A. applies B. adapts C. acknowledges D. adopts55. A. appeared B. bore C. grew D. stroke56. A. In that case B. As a result C. What's more D. On the other hand57. A. sufficient B. efficient C. scarce D. strange58. A. position B. possession C. potential D. proposal59. A. crazy B. careful C. free D. anxious60. A. offer B. girl C. bargain D. goods61. A. recorded B. imposed C. entitled D. supposed62. A. affects B. benefits C.enhances D. enlarges63. A. gave away B. gave in C.gave up D. gave off64. A. borrowed B. planted C. installed D. ensuredSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)First, you ought to know that I'm "only" fourteen. My mother points this out often. I can make my own decisions when I'm old enough to vote, she says. Second, I should tell you that she's right -- I'm not always responsible. I sometimes take the prize for grade-A dork (呆子) .Take last weekend, for instance. ! was staying at Dad's, and I decided it was time I learned to drive. It was Sunday morning, 7 A.M., and I hadn't slept well. I'd been up thinking about an argument, which I'll tell you about in a minute. Well, nobody was up yet in the neighborhood, so ! thought it couldn'thurt to back the car out of the garage and drive around the block. But Dad has a clutch car. The R on the shift handle was up on the left side, right next to first gear(档位) . I guess you can guess the rest.Dad's always been understanding. He didn't say, "Okay, little Miss Know-It-All, you can just spend the rest of the year paying this off," which is what Mom would have said. Instead, Dad worried about what might have happened to me. And that made me feel more guilty than anything. I think he'd be a better number-one caregiver, but I can't say things like that to Mom. To her, I have to say, "But Mom, Dad's place is closer to school. I could ride my bike."To which she replies, "Amy Lynn, you don't own a bike. Remember? You left it in the yard, and it was stolen. And you haven't got the patience to earn the money to replace it."65. The writer feels guilty because she _________.A. made her dad worryB. ruined the carC. broke the lawD. didn't tell her mom about the car incident66. The main conflict between the writer and her mother is about whether she _________.A. can make her own decisionsB. should live with her mom or her dadC. should be allowed to driveD. should pay for things she loses or breaks67. The writer's mother thinks the writer is _________.A. too attached to her dadB. too emotionalC. too shyD. irresponsible68. In the first sentence, the writer used "only" to suggest that she _________.A. doesn't want to grow oldB. thinks fourteen is old enough for some thingsC. wishes she were olderD. thinks fourteen is an embarrassing age(B)Environment Awareness WeekRegal Convention Centre, Halls 1-424-30 March 2011 10:00 am-9:00 pmFree admission for all!Save the environment, Save our futureOur environment needs help. With the participation of more than 50 organizations, Environment Awareness Week is the biggest public education event dedicated to environmental protection and conservation. Don't miss it! Come and knowmore about:The Threats to Earth (Hall 1) - What is global warming?How serious is pollution? Learn about different environmental problems from our university students. Protect our environment!The Search for renewable Energy (Hall 2) - can we getelectricity from wind, solar energy, waves, rivers and underground heat? Get the answers from Solar Ace, Teflon, Touch Wind Resources and other participants. The Quest for Fresh water (Hall 3) - is the shortage offreshwater worsening? What are Singapore's solutions for treating wastewater? Hear from Flow Technologies, HydroMax Solutions and other participants.The 3 Rs and Save Earth (Hall 4) - How can we REDUCE,REUSE and RECYCLE to cut down household wastes? Find out from the Global Gala Network, Green Earth Foundation and other participants. Daisy.soh@ or visit the events web at http://www. ief. org/caw69. The main aim of Environment Awareness Week is to ________.A. educate the public on protecting the environmentB. discuss global wanting and other environmental problemsC. explain ways for producing freshwater to save the environmentD. learn about renewable energy sources that protect the environment70. The organizer of the event is ________.A. Global Gaia NetworkB. Clean Energy AgencyC. Green Earth FoundationD. Global Environment Fund71. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the event?A. It will last a week and the halls will be open 11 hours a day.B. You can send an email to Mrs. Daisy Soh for more information.C. Each hall charges the same amount of money as the other.D. Lectures in Hall I will be given by university students.(C)Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.On Nov. 10, Britain's Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases."Do these constructs (构想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?" asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. "It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized."Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon's gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within.72. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Scientists in Britain and around the world.B. Leaders of the research.C. Guidelines for scientists.D. Scientific experiments.73. Scientists do research of mixing human genes in to animals in order to ________.A. test new drugs on animalsB. to find ways to fight human diseasesC. prove the research is morally acceptableD. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells74. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. the experts will release reports after the studyB. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materialsC. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in BritainD. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments75. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A. Morally Right or Not?B. A Debate about New LawsC. Cures for DiseasesD. Animal Embryos with Human GenesSection CA. Everlasting thoughts in printB. Lifelong friendsC. Books and companionsD. Companionship of booksE. Living spiritual guidesF. Bridges between minds76.A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.77.A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.78.Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page.79.Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us in to the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. Wehear what they said and did', see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were, in a measure, actors with them in the scenes which they described.80.The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of great men of old. The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago.Section DAny friend of yours...is a friend of mine.Louise Henry, a 3 l-year-old business executive from London, arrives at her desk and turns on her computer. She is happy as she is expecting a message from her new best friend Juanita, a museum worker who lives in Vancouver, Canada.Louise and Juanita email every day, and by doing this they are part of a new social trend that is spreading around the world. From London to Sydney, New York to Singapore, you don't have to live in the same city to make new friends, or even on the same continent. You can form new friendships on the Internet.In the past there were pen pals. Now there is , which has over 1.5 million members. And a British service, has over 500,000 members and more are joining every day. These new websites are based on the 'small world hypothesis' developed by an American sociologist, Stanley Mailgram, in the 1960s.The potential for making friends on the Internet is huge, but there are also danger to meeting people you don't know. Because of this, these websites only accept members who are invited by their real-life friends. Once members are accepted they can put their whole social network on the website. This way, friends can get to know friends' friends, without going out to parties to meet them. Friends can chat, meet for a coffee and, of course, become friends.Louise became friends with Juanita by five steps: her friend Colin, a computer consultant, who knew Jess, a secretary, who was friends have been in touch ever since.Louise says: "Juanita and I chat over the Internet all the time, about films, religion and her new fiat. Although she lives in Canada, we have a lot in common. We're both doing photography courses at the moment. I'm on the site to meet new people in a society where I don't think it's easy to make new friends." (Note: NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What do Louise and Juanita have in common?82. The "new social trend" refers to83. How do the websites make their sites safe?84. The author mentioned Louise and Juanita to illustrateI. Translation.1．志愿者经历让我受益匪浅。

上海市松江区2022届高三高考二模英语试题及答案

英语练习卷（答案在最后）（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2022.06 考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a booking office. B. At a theatre. C. At a railway station. D. At a restaurant.2. A. Boring. B. Annoying. C. Inspiring. D. Interesting.3. A. A TV station. B. A football match. C. Exam scores. D. Sports news.4. A. To do some exercises in a book. B. To do nothing but read a book.C. To write a review after reading a book.D. To review things in the exercise book.5. A. Because he considers them smelly. B. Because they trouble his nose a lot.C. Because he doesn’t need pleasant smells.D. Because they don’t look pure or pleasant.6. A. A shop assistant. B. A tablet designer. C. A bank clerk. D. A gift deliverer.7. A. The two sides of a coin. B. A serious economics professor.C. The effects of a financial crisis.D. The definition of a financial crisis.8. A. He caught a bad cold. B. He planned to work overseas.C. He watered Anne’s plants.D. He talked her out of the plan.9. A. The girl does not need to go into the supermarket.B. It is time for the girl to try eating something sweet.C. The girl ought not to go shopping together with him.D. It is unsuitable for the girl to keep eating sweet food.10. A. He cannot find so many history books. B. He does not have enough time to read.C. He does not have access to the book list.D. He won’t be able to pass history exams.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. With slimmer figures. B. More active.C. In poorer health.D. Less open-minded.12. A. Guard their houses. B. Relieve the stress.C. Make them thinner.D. Lead the way.13. A. Exercise more. B. Stop keeping pets. C. Eat less. D. Build another yard. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The reason for people’s unusual behavior. B. Chinese people’s love for the Olympics.C. The popularity of a stuffed panda in China.D. People’s attention to athletes’ performance.15. A. People preferred the athletes to the competitions.B. People lined up to buy a limited edition of panda.C. People were excited about wild pandas nationwide.D. People discussed quite a lot about the competitions.16. A. Because of its limited stocks. B. Because of people’s interest in the Games.C. Because of its attraction to children.D. Because of people’s pride in their nation. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Amish teenagers. B. An online program.C. Trips to Los Angeles.D. An imaginary community.18. A. They do not have modern technology. B. They have never left their home.C. They do not park cars by themselves.D. They have never seen the ocean.19. A. The modern world likes to teach children to fix machines.B. The Amish people have no contact with the modern world.C. The modern world does not welcome the Amish teenagers.D. The Amish people take horses as a means of transportation.20. A. Disappointed and sad. B. Upset but excited.C. Annoyed and unhappy.D. Puzzled but interested.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Opening Ceremony Shows DifferenceStill remember what was different on 4th February this year? (21) ______ (put) the Olympic torch in the middle of a giant snowflake-shaped cauldron (大锅), the two persons saw it rise to the top of the National Stadium at 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. “The Olympic spirit is not necessarily shown through a big flame; the fire of one torch c an be a symbol,” said Zhang Yimou, chief director of the event. The giant “snowflake” was made from 91 smaller (22) ______, each with the name of a participating country or region. According to Zhang, (23) ______ (combine) the smaller snowflakes symbolizes people’s joint efforts to build a community with a shared future for humanity and only through such efforts (24) ______ man overcome the pandemic (流行病).The 2008 ceremony boasted large-scale performances displaying traditional Chinese culture, while this year’s was centered around natural performances from ordinary people, (25) ______ Zhang sought to deliver Chinese style in a different way. None of the performers at this opening ceremony wore ancient clothes as were seen 14 years ago. 76 participants (26) ______ different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. This specific area was set against a background of images (27) ______ (feature) past Olympic competitions and the global fight against COVID-19. This part (28) ______ impressed most viewers aimed to show that ordinary and diverse individuals can reflect the slogan—together for a bright future.Under the guidance of “green Olympics”, the use of fireworks this time was only 10 percent that of the 2008 Games. Moreover, the creative approach (29) ______ only a single torch was placed inside the cauldron highlighted China’s low-carbon and environmental protection efforts. So far, the total amount of carbon emitted (30) ______ (find) only one 5,000th of that at the 2008 Summer Games.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Sensors for HouseplantsOver the past two years Jasmin Moeller, a 38-year-old in Germany, has been buying more houseplants, making her feel more comfortable.Actually, the fact that people have spent much more time 31 at home has started a trend to bring more nature inside. In the UK, the latest 32 show that 2021 houseplant sales were 29% higher than in 2020. It is a similar picture in other countries,with sales of houseplants in the US rising by 18% last year, for instance.Yet it is one thing to buy a houseplant and quite another to successfully look after it. Luckily, some 33 sensors for indoor plants may help those without professional skills in gardening. These devices, usually solar powered and connected wirelessly to a user’s smartphone, should b e inserted into the soil next to the plants. Then, they show in real time the 34 of the plants.A sensor made by German firm Greensens has approximately 5000 plant 35 on its app database. Like a traffic light system, the app uses red, yellow and green faces to 36 how plants are doing. For example, red reveals that the plant is dying, while green means it’s in perfect condition. Besides, users are regularly 37 of what they should do with plants.Another app released by German business Fyta tells users how their plants are by analyzing the uploaded pictures of the plants. It also includes 38 content other apps rarely offer, such as cultural history of some plants, so users can learn more about their plants.However, Botanist Silver Spence is worried that 39 on these sensors may affect users’ gardening skills negatively. And David Anglov recommends that amateurs try their best to establish their own 40 of what a plant needs in various situations through careful observation.Back in Germany, Ms Moeller says she is sure that the sensors are helping her improve gardening skills.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in 41 the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might form, and, with a swift injection, managed to 42 one sea snail’s memory to another.The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the 43 between brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA. To 44 the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so 45 that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a(n) 46 response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and 47 it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are 48 sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his research team, the experiment shows that 49 parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.However, the work has not yet found widespread 50 . “Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the 51 of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very 52in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is 53 . “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve trans plant ed a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”54 , Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance but lacking 55 , we need as many new ideas as possible.”41. A. deleting B. disturbing C. refreshing D. understanding42. A. transfer B. adjust C. compare D. relate43. A. connections B. conflicts C. secrets D. distances44. A. promote B. test C. eliminate D. impose45 A. sensitive B. adaptable C. strong D. relaxed46. A. necessary B. peaceful C. unconscious D. impossible47. A. plunged B. invested C. translated D. injected48. A. crazily B. dangerously C. scarcely D. equally49. A. optional B. essential C. memorial D. virtual50. A. association B. recognition C. innovation D. publication51. A. depth B. application C. basis D. description52. A. imaginative B. careful C. ambitious D. speedy53. A. supported B. persuaded C. unappreciated D. unconvinced54. A. Nevertheless B. Eventually C. For example D. As a result55. A. expression B. likelihood C. suspicion D. disturbanceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Hurlen-Patano unzipped her jacket, pulled out her phone, and made a call, “Bring help!”That morning, Ken Scott bumped into his friend Rebecca Hurlen-Patano in Silver Mountain Resort. They noticed that the 6200-foot Wardner Peak, home to the challenging expert-level route, was now open. It had been closed all season over concerns about an avalanche, sudden fall of a mass of snow.“Let’s go for it!” Hurlen-Patano proposed.Almost immediately they took off from that peak, the snow beneath gave way. In a millisecond, “Avalanche!” she yelled to Scott.Hurlen-Patano had ended up partially buried and managed to pull herself out. She looked uphill to where she’d last seen Scott and shouted his name. No response. Then she made the call.Word spread quickly, and soon professional rescuers and skiers were heading to the avalanche site with tools. Like a commander, Hurlen-Patano stayed calm and pointed out possible places. Rescuers formed a line along the slope, and positioned their ten-foot poles down into the deep snow, hoping to hit and locate the buried skier.Under the weight of the snow, Scott was totally immobile, and he couldn’t expand his chest enough to take a full breath. He knew death was just a matter of time, but this was not the way he wanted to die.He fought to stay optimistic by focusing on breathing. But a group of his close friends who had lost their lives in an avalanche emerged in his mind. Then a feeling of warmth struck him and he knew it was a sign of hypothermia (体温过低). “I’m going to join them.”The key 30-minute survival time had come and gone.He felt a slight pressure. He anxiously prayed to feel it again. A minute passed, then two. Nothing. The only flash of hope disappeared. He felt himself fading away. Suddenly, the pressure on his body seemed to be changing. He started shouting, hoping anyone standing above would hear. Five minutes later, he breathed in fresh air deeply and saw the sky above, again.56. Why did Hurlen-Patano call for help?A. Because she forecast that a natural disaster would take place.B. Because she got injured and needed to be rushed to the hospital.C. Because she located an avalanche victim who needed treatment.D. Because she noticed her friend trapped in an unexpected disaster.57. What can we learn about Scott when he was covered under the snow?A. He waited for rescue without motion.B. He stayed positive from start to finish.C. He prayed for the stopping of the snow.D. He squeezed himself to get some warmth.58. We can learn from the passage that ______.A. rescuers found Scott due to Hurlen-Patano’s precise locationB. Wardner Peak was once closed for the likelihood of a disasterC. the avalanche happened right after Scott finished his chosen routeD. rescue work was completed smoothly within the ideal survival time59. Which expression best describes both Scott and Hurlen-Patano?A. Calm commanders.B. Optimistic prayers.C. Experienced skiers.D. Decisive rescuers.(B)The eligibility(资格) standards for the 2021 Resident Visa focuses on people whose primary purpose for being in New Zealand (NZ) is to work.Eligibility under the settled, skilled or scarce groupsYou must have met the standards on 29 September 2021 and on the date you send your application.To be eligible you must:•have been in NZ on 29 September 2021, and•be on an eligible visa on 29 September 2021, or have applied for an eligible visa on 29 September 2021 that was later granted.You must also meet one of these three standards:•(settled standards) have lived in NZ for the past three or more years, or•(skilled standards) earn at least $27 per hour, or•(scarce standards) work in a role on a scarce list (Click here to view scarce lists).If you meet the standards for eligibility but were in Australia on 29 September 2021 and were unable to return to NZ by that date, you may be considered eligible but you must be in NZ when you apply.Eligible visasOn 29 September 2021 all applicants must have been on (or have applied for and later granted) one of the following visas:•Post Study Work Visa•Essential Skills Work Visa•Religious Worker Work Visa•Talent Work Visa•Long Term Skill Shortage List Work Visa•Some Critical Purpose Visitor Visas (CPVV)Short-term visa holders are not eligible, such as visitors, students, working holiday makers, and seasonal workers.Visa application processThe 2021 Resident Visa will be open for applications in 2 periods.Period 1: From 1 December 2021Period 2: From 21 February 2022Applications can be sent online. All applications must be made by 31 July 2022.60. The passage is most likely to be taken from ______.A. an advertising posterB. a travel magazineC. an immigration websiteD. a geographic leaflet61. Who may be eligible for the 2021 New Zealand Resident Visa?A. Andy, who applied for the 2021 Resident Visa in Australia in Dec. 2021 online.B. Judy, who came to NZ in Dec. 2021 as an exchange student and will leave in 2022.C. Sam, who was granted a short-term visa in Sep. 2021 and works in a role on a scarce list.D. Ron, who has been living in NZ on Talent Work Visa since 2020 and earns $27 per hour.62. To ensure a successful application for the 2021 Resident Visa, one should apply for it no laterthan ______.A. 29 Sep. 2021B. 1 Dec. 2021C. 21 Feb. 2022D. 31 Jul. 2022(C)During the most isolating worldwide pandemic in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness.As a group, humans develop being around others, but how much and what kind of contact each person needs to feel part of a community varies among individuals as well as over one person’s stage of life. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two,” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor of medicine at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience lonelines s through retirement or death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with the feeling—like depression and early death, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That’s why, experts say, it’s also time to look more closely at what we can do about loneliness.“When it comes to fighting loneliness, the key is not looking at circumstances and assuming what feelings should be associated with it, but actually asking yourself if you are lonely,” Perissinotto said. “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.” And just as solitude doesn’t necessarily equal loneliness, interaction doesn’t mean fulfilment for everyone, according to Hawkley, a principal research scientist at the University of Chicago. “People can be around others and feel lonely anyway or they can be pretty much single souls and not be lonely,” Hawkley pointed out.Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness can stem from the sensing of a lack of any of them. “The first type happens when someone like a spouse is so close to you that part of your identity becomes closely connected with his or hers. Then there is the second type, which you establish with your close friends, as well as the third type—those interactions that make you feel part of a community.”It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. Identifying the kind of connection that one is longing for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps, but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific context.63. According to the passage, Perissinotto probably agrees that ______.A. people who live alone are much more likely to feel lonelyB. asking so meone if he’s lonely doesn’t help fight lonelinessC. those choosing to be alone do not necessarily feel unhappyD. death of loved ones is the main cause of people’s loneliness64. The word exacerbating in paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A. worseningB. exploringC. confusingD. addressing65. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?A. There’re no obvious connections among three different types of loneliness.B. Hawkley holds that people lacking one of the three connections feel lonely.C. Recognizing one’s missing connection is help ful in dealing with loneliness.D. The quality of one’s relationships is not so important as his specific context.66. What is the passage mainly about?A. Differences between being alone and lonely.B. Causes of loneliness and ways to deal with it.C. Effect s of a pandemic on people’s way of keeping connected.D. Reasons for people’s loneliness and importance of fighting it.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Muscly Men at Risk for Eating DisorderWhen thinking about someone with an eating disorder, many people think of a girl or woman who restricts food. 67According to Dr. Blake Woodside, a professor at the University of Toronto, males will also develop eating disorders if they feel pressure to match a few manly body types that society regards as acceptable.68 In order to achieve perfect figures, some males strictly limit their calorie intake, while others do the opposite and encourage excessive (过量的) exercise, overloading protein and heavily restricting nutrients like fats, said Murray, director of the Translational Research in Eating Disorders Laboratory. When does an interest in maintaining a certain shape of body become an eating disorder? It happens when a male’s behavior and interactions start to be ruled by the restrictions he is putting into place for his ideal body.Unfortunately, many families and even family doctors still aren’t familiar with what suggests eating disorders in boys and men, Murray said. So, the first place to start is knowing the signs to look for. 69 If, one day, you notice that they suddenly change how much or how publicly they eat, they deserve attention. If the men or boys in your life are making big changes to the activities and relationships in their lives, it might also be time to pay closer attention, Woodside added.From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? 70 So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.Working Out Worries by WritingAfter his father was driven to the hospital for emergent treatment, 43-year-old Yanatha Desouvre began to panic. So, he did one thing that he knew would calm himself: He wrote. Over the next few weeks, Desouvre filled several notebooks, writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad. “Writing allowed me to face my fear and process my pain,” he says. Psychologists refer to that kind of writing as “expressive writing”. People do it by recording their deepest thoughts and feelings. However, different from writing in a journal, expressive writing is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular frustration or challenge.A well-known psychology professor says that hundreds of studies have looked at the potential benefits of expressive writing and found it can help reduce pain and improve mood, sleep and memory. It may even help reduce symptoms of various illnesses, and prevent colds and flu.Expressive writing takes effect because translating a painful experience into language allows people to make meaning out of it, some experts say. The process forces them to organize their thoughts and offers a sense of control, thus completing the pursuit of value from such an experience. Another research suggested that during expressive writing, the act of labeling a feeling can lessen the activity relating to nerves in the threat area of the brain. With these nerves relaxed, people can lower the symptoms of their diseases, enhance their appreciation for life, and increase the acceptanceof various experiences in their lives.What can’t be ignored is that it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other medical treatments. And people coping with a severe depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy. Yet, it can be a powerful coping tool for many, in large part because it helps battle against their reluctance to face negative emotions.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我自己去取包裹吧，省得麻烦他。

上海闵行区2009—2010学年第二学期高三质量调研考试英语

上海市闵行区2009—2010学年第二学期高三质量调研考试英语试题（时间120 分钟满分150 分）第一卷（105分）I.Listening comprehension : （30分）Part A Short conversations:Directions : In Part A , you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers ．At the end of each conversations, a question will be asked about what was said．The conversation and the question will be spoken only once．After you hear a conversation and the question about it , read the four possible answers in your paper ,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard．1．A．He can’t hear well．B．He’s at the party．C．He doesn’t like the party．D．No one will tell him．2．A．$80 B．$60 C．$20 D．$183．A．She’s watched the match．B．She will have a rest tonight．C．She won’t go to watch the match and she will prepare for her chemistry test．D．She doesn’t like the match．4．A．The lesson is as difficult as that one．B．The lesson is more difficult than that one．C．The lesson is not as difficult as that one．D．The lesson is no more difficult than that one．5．A．An accident happened to the driver and he could do nothing but stay in the street．B．In time of danger some persons came to help the driver out．C．None of the persons came to help the driver when the accident happened．D．Not all the persons came to prevent the accident from taking place．6．A．23 minutes．B．54 minutes C．31 minutes D．32 minutes 7．A．9:00 B．9:30 C．9:13 D．8:308．A．In the drugstore．B．In the hospital．C．In the clinic．D．In the clothes shop．9．A．An expensive bike．B．A heavy bike．C．A racing bike．D．A fast bike．10．A．Politics B．EconomicsC．Maths D．EnglishPart B PassagesDirections: In part B, you will hear two short conversations , and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages．The passage will be read twice ,but the question will be spoken only once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．Questions11 through 13 are based on the following passage．11．A．Captain Singleton．B．Robinson Crusoe．C．Moll Flanders．D．Colonel Jack．12．A．People’s life．B．Sports．C．Politics D．Music13．A．Daniel was the youngest son of his family．B．Daniel finished his most famous novel at the age of 59．C．Daniel was a famous novelist but not a journalist．D．Daniel was once fined about and put in prison several times because he failed in business．Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news．14．A．Crabs．B．Crocodiles C．Kangaroos．D．Rabbits15．A．10 days B．1 month C．5 days D．1 year．16．A．Between June and August．B．Between May and June．C．Between November and February．D．Between May and July．Part C．Longer ConverseationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation, you are asked to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with the information you hear．Complete the form ．Write no more than ONE WORD for each answer．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．Ⅱ．Grammar （16分）Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence．25．The real solution to the fuel shortage will have to be a new kind of car, _____ that does not use so much oil．A．the one B．what C．/ D．one26．A survey of the opinions of experts _____that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______ good for one’s health．A．show；are B．shows；is C．show；is D．shows；are27．It was 2005_____ he finished his study abroad and returned to his motherland．A．when B．since C．that D．before28．--How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?--It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted．A．will B．would C．should D．must29．To test which foods are better for a long space journey, the astronauts in Shenzhou VI had as many as 50 dishes________．A．to choose B．to be chosen C．to choose from D．to be chosen from 30．In the past three years, the Southeast Asian nation also witnessed its islands ____ by tsunami and typhoons．A．being destroyed B．destroying C．destroyed D．to be destroyed 31．So difficult _____ it to adjust to an English-speaking environment that he determined to learn English hard．A．he has felt B．has he felt C．he did feel D．did he feel32．_____ better in 2010 World Expo is the duty of every citizen in Shanghai．A．Being served B．Serving C．Serve D．Having served 33．Look out ! Don' t get too close to the house __________ roof is under repair．A．whose B．which C．of which D．that34．_____ left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will complete the job．A．Although such a short time B．It is a shortC．With so short times D．With such short time35．Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered．A．in that B．in order that C．in which D．that36．In which play of Shakespeare's is it ___ Viola appears?A．where B．which C．who D．that 37．Nowadays business ______ on the Internet is growing rapidly, and this is a strong temptation for hackers, who are looking for ways to break into computer system．A．having been done B．to have been doneC．to do D．done38．AIDS is said ______ the biggest health threat to both men and women in that area over the past few years．A．being B．to be C．to have been D．to being39．We were disappointed to find that he was not _______ we had expected before． A．as good a singer as B．as better a singer asC．as a singer good as D．as a good singer as40．Getting out of the crowed bus, ________ ．A．her cell phone was found missingB．her cell phone was nowhere to be foundC．she found her cell phone missingD．Her cell phone couldn’t be foundIII．V ocabulary（9分）:Complete the passage by choosing the proper words or phrases in the box．（请把题号填写在答题I grew up in a tiny Baltimore row house in a faraway mountain area．My parents ___41___ the necessities of life but they couldn’t give much more．If I asked my father for a pair of jeans, he would say, “If you want them, make the money and buy them yourself ．”He wasn’t being mean; he just couldn’t ___42___ them．From age 12 on, I did part-time jobs after school．When I graduated from high school, I joined the navy．Soon I was in a boot camp at Parris Island, S．C．, where I learned that life in the navy centered around completing daily __43__．These could be anything from cleaning the camp to conducting mock（模拟的）battles．Completing these tasks __44____ required discipline, team-work and responsibility．It didn’t matter whether you were black, white or Asian; everyone worked together for the __45__ of the company．I went on to graduate from the U．S．Naval Academy and later became an officer in the navy．The part of my job I enjoyed most was the consoling meetings I __46__ with the family members of the men and women in my charge , trying to help them deal with the long periods of separation ．These proved popular and before long I was being asked to give encouraging ___47___ to business groups, educators and kids across the country．But I consider the boot camp my first real job , and my life is still guided by the __48__ lessons I learned there．It taught me discipline, friendship and the pride related to setting a task every day and working hard to __49_ it．IV．Cloze（15分）:Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．（请在答题卡上从50题起正确涂点）Life is filled with challenges．As we get older we come to realize that those challenges to the very things can __50___us and make us who we are ,it is the same with the challenges that come with __51__．When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two ___52__ ．we can try to beat it off,or we can decide that the thing __53__ the challenge isn’t worth the __54__ and call it quits．Although there are certainly times when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most __55__, all that is needed is commitment and communication．When we are communed to something, it means that no matter how____56__ or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to ___57___ it instead of running away from it．Communication is making space for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong．___58___ you can say to a friend,“I got my feelings hurt”____59___“You hurt my feelings,”you are going to be able solve the problem much faster．In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for ___60___ they are: small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life．Nothing is so big that it is ___61___ to get over, and hurt only ___62__ to make us stronger．It is all part of growing up, it ___63___to everyone, and some day you will ___64___ all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it makes me who I am today．And that is a good thing．”50．A．design B．promote C．direct D．shape 51．A．confidence B．pressure C．friendship D．difficulty 52．A．opportunities B．expectations C．choices D．aspects 53．A．demanding B．deserving C．predicting D．presenting 54．A．comment B．loss C．trouble D．expense 55．A．cases B．fields C．parts D．occasions 56．A．doubtful B．shameful C．harmful D．painful 57．A．keep B．control C．face D．catch58．A．If B．As C．While D．Unless 59．A．other than B．rather than C．or rather D．or else 60．A．what B．who C．where D．which 61．A．unnecessary B．necessary C．impossible D．possible 62．A．serves B．means C．aims D．attempts 63．A．opens B．appeals C．goes D．happens 64．A．lock down on B．look back to C．look forward to D．look up to V．Reading Comprehension （35 分）Directions: Read the following passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfin-ished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read．King's College Summer SchoolKing's College Summer School is an annual training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English．Courses are given by the teachers of King's College and other colleges in New York．Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized．This year's summer school will be from July 25 to August 15．More information is as follows:65．You can most probably read the text in ________．A．a newspaper B．a travel guideC．a textbook D．a telephone book66．Which of the following is true about King' s College Summer School?A．Only top students can take part in the program．B．King' s College Summer School is run every other year．C．Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program．D．Only the teachers of King' s College give courses．67．What information can you get from the text?A．The program will last two months．B．You can write to Thompson only in English．C．As a Chinese student, you can send your application on July 14, 2007．D．You can get in touch with the school by e-mail or by telephone．BOdiand remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver．The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman．．Thirty years have passed, but Odiand can' t get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman' s kind reaction．She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odiand, “It' s OK．It wasn' t your fault．" When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter．Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, " I could buy this place and fire you," or "I know the owner and I could have you fired．" Those who say such things have shown more about their character than about their wealth and power．The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson．He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson' s Unwritten Rules of Management．"A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person," Swan-son says．" I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables．"68．What happened after Odiand dropped the ice cream onto the woman' s dress?A．He was fired．B．He was blamed．C．The woman comforted him．D．The woman left the restaurant at once．69．Odiand learned one of his life lessons from ______．A．his experience as a waiter B．the advice given by the CEOsC．an article in Fortune D．an interesting best-selling book 70．According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about _______．A．Fortune 500 companies B．the Management RulesC．Swanson' s book D．the Waiter Rule71．From the text we can learn that _______．A．one should be nicer to important peopleB．CEOs often show their power before othersC．one should respect others no matter who they areD．CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurantsCIt may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech．At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned．Fortunately, the moments are usually not obvious to the listeners．Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say．They hear only what the speaker does say．If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no_one_will_be_any_the_wiser．When such moments occur, don’t worry about them．Just continue as if nothing happened．Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that don’t really matter．If you have ever listen to Martin Luther King’s famous speech —“I Have a dream ”, you may notice that he stumbles（结巴）his words twice during the speech．Most likely, however, you don’t remember．Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making．People care a lot about making mistakes in a speech because they regard speechmaking as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication．They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition．But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a period performance．They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly．Sometimes a mistake can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human．As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect．Once you free your mind ofthis, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely．72．The underlined part an the first paragraph means that no one will ______A．be smarter than you B．notice your mistakesC．do better than you D．know what you arc talking about73．You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ______．A．you miss the main points of the speechB．you don’t fully understand the speechC．you do n’t know what the speaker plans to sayD．you find the way of speech-making more important74．It can be inferred from the passage that_____A．giving a speech is like giving a performanceB．one or two mistakes in a speech may not be badC．the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is madeD．the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be75．What would be the best title for the passage?A．How to Be a Perfect Speaker B．How to Make a Perfect SpeechC．Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech D．Don’t Expect Mistakes in a SpeechDCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．A recent research shows people tend to tell more lies in phone conversations than they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded and can come back to haunt you appears to be the key to the finding．Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 of phone calls．His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment（非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to be more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．“P eople appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account,” he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．“P eople are also more likely to lie in real time in an instant message or phone call than if they have time to think of a response,” say Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous responses toan unexpected demand, such as, “Do you like my dress?”Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．76．Hancock’s study focuses on _____．A．the consequences of lying in various communications mediaB．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideasC．people are less likely to lie in instant messagesD．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media．77．Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that_______．A．people are less likely to lie in instant messages．B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions．C．people are most likely to lie in email communication．D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations．78．According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies．B．They believe that honesty is the best policy．C．They tend to be relaxed when using those media．D．They are most practiced at those forms of communication．79．It can be inferred from the passage that ______．A．honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB．more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC．suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD．email is now the dominant medium of communication within a companyHumanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide．Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies．Since the world’s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis．81．_______But that doesn’t have to be the outcome．Water shortages do not have to trouble the world----ifwe start valuing water more than we have in the past．Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crisis, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective．We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want．82．_______Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value．This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs．83．_______Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways．For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions（凹地）and pumping it to nearby cropland．84．________No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use．Rather than spread control among hundreds of even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy．第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I．Translation （20分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets．1．学会与他人和睦相处对每个人都很重要。

2010年松江区高三年级英语质量调研考试

2010年松江区高考模拟考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间120分）2010.4第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In Boston. B. In New York.C. In Washington.D. In Chicago.2. A. A pair of trousers. B. A bathing suit.C. A dress.D. A blouse.3. A. 19. B. 27. C. 31. D. 8.4. A. An article in the newspaper. B. A play on television.C. A play in the theatre.D. A telephone conversation.5. A. On the third floor. B. At a bookstore.C. In a department store.D. At school.6. A. She is tired of driving in heavy traffic.B. She enjoys it because she’s good at driving.C. She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day.D. She doesn’t mind it as the road conditions are good.7. A. The woman’s mom. B. The woman herself.C. The man.D. Not mentioned.8. A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday.C. On Thursday.D. On Sunday.9. A. Work for the exam. B. See a film. C. Play a joke. D. Have a rest.10. A. Dec.20. B. Dec.15. C. Dec. 30. D. Dec.28.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A teacher. B. A chief officer.C. A lawyer.D. A computer engineer.12. A. He has to work hard if he wants something.B. He should spend more time reading.C. Sport is as important as working.D. It is important to make a schedule.13. A. Bill Gates and his way to success.B. Bill Gates and his study.C. Bill Gates and his classmates.D. Bill Gates and his company.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. England’s missile defense system. B. America’s shooting down a satellite.C. Russia’s shooting down an America’s satellite.D. Russia’s experiment on missiles.15. A. A clock which is the most accurate in the world now.B. A clock which keeps accurate time down to the second.C. A clock which may work for at least 80 million years.D. A clock which may be worth 200 million dollars.16. A. 110 billion yuan. B. 113 billion yuan.C. 121 billion yuan.D. 9 billion yuan.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The effective communication ability for a writer is to get the knowledge out of his head and____ readers’ heads.A. out ofB. intoC. towardsD. for26. We had a party last month and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _____ one this month.A. otherB. moreC. the otherD. another27. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _____ to arrive.A. expectsB. is expectingC. is expectedD. will beexpected28. I want to be very careful to talk only about ____ we've formally tested.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether29. ____ I paid a visit to this scenic spot, I was deeply attracted by its beauty.A.The first timeB. At the first timeC. For the first timeD. At first30. People pay ______as to the content of your speech.A. so much attention to your voiceB. as much attention to your voiceC. much attention to your voiceD. attention to your voice much31. _____ his ability of speech, he has made use of each chance.A. To improveB. ImprovingC. Being improvedD. Improved32. You _____ tell him. He is fully aware of the danger.A. mustn’tB. don’t needC. needn’tD. can’t33. Don’t promise anything _____ you are one hundred percent sure.A. ifB. afterC. in caseD. unless34. He found that complex problems, especially those _____ abstract thinking, were best forpicking out bright and dull students.A. involveB. involvedC. involvingD. being involved35. That is the man ____ house the police found the lost computer last week.A. in whoseB. in whatC. in thatD. in which36. ______ with severe drought in some areas, Chinese government is taking active measures toensure people’s essential need s.A. FacingB. FacedC. To faceD. Being faced37. It is the experience he had as a boy ______ has formed his present personality.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who38. There is no doubt ____ we will host the 2010 World Expo successfully.A. whichB. whetherC. /D. that39. Not only ____ at music, but also they are ready to help others.A. they are talentedB. they have been talentedC. are they talentedD. they have talented40. It ____ that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.A. was turned outB. is turned outC. has been turnedD. turns outSection B: VocabularyDirections: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something __41__but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertisers hoping to sell their products.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly __42__. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, __43__in the costomer giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods __44__ in almost every family are not __45__ needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the __46__, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in __47__ and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The __48__ example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. So gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing: no choice, no __49__.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Nothing can better illustrate the failure of education in this country than the contrast between millions of college graduates finding it hard to get a proper job every year and the lack of workers in the more industrialized regions.According to news from Dongguan (东莞), one of the __50__ manufacturing centers in the Pearl River Delta (珠江三角洲) region in South China, ―over 90 percent‖ factories have said they are finding __51__difficult to employ people from the second half of 2009, when the __52__ began picking up and overseas orders restarted pouring in. Running to full capacity seems a dream that the factories had__53__.An awkward reality is that only few, __54__, of the new college graduates could really fill the vacancies because the trainings they have received are entirely __55__ from the demands of the jobs. Nor will Chinese cities have enough workforce if they pursue a development model other than export-based manufacturing.The __56__ for that is simple: The knowledge about management graduates gather is totally out of step with reality, __57__ of them can hardly express themselves in English or compose an email message properly, and __58__ handle even paper work in a law service with the legal knowledge they have.I __59__ some college teachers, whom I went to college with, that the amount of time an average college student spends on studies today is less than half of what we __60__ in the late 1970s when proper college education was recovered after the ―cultural revolution‖ (1966-76).―They (the administrations) have enrolled so many students just to __61__ from their parents (tuition and other charges)‖, one of the teachers said embarrassedly. ―It's a nationwide phenomenon, you know.‖It is hard to believe that a country should not __62__ education so seriously when there are no longer as many young people as before and view its opportunities only in terms of immediatefinancial gains, which greatly affects the quality of education. __63__, vocational education faces a double threat: frequent ups and downs in the business cycle and that of a flooding of cheap college certificates.It is __64__ in a country with rapid development in many fields to see little reform and progress in its education system. When colleges are reduced to money-making machines, they cannot help a society create enough workers, thinkers and leaders.50. A. necessary B. key C. new D. remote51. A. this B. that C. it D. as52. A. economy B. country C. city D. industry53. A. in the near future B. at present time C. from time to time D. in the long past54. A. and some B. but none C. if any D. because such55. A. different B. same C. opposite D. similar56. A. result B. method C. reason D. expectation57. A. some B. most C. few D. all58. A. can B. must C. can’t D. mustn’t59. A. took from B. picked out C. caught sight of D. learned from60. A. spent B. cost C. wasted D. detected61. A. cost money B. make money C. create money D. deal with62. A. put B. set C. make D. take63. A. Although B. Besides C. However D. Therefore64. A. common B. likely C. worthwhile D. surprising Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of ―mastery‖ —feeling important and worthwhile —and the sources of what we call a sense of ―pleasure‖— finding life enjoyable —are not always the same. Women often are told ―You can’t have it all.‖ Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: ―You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.‖ or ―You have a wonderful husband and children —what’s all this about wanting a career?‖ But women need to un derstand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the ―doing‖ side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the ―feeling‖ side of life. The two are ind ependent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles — marriages, motherhood, and employment — were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.65. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.A. for women, a sense of ―mastery‖ is more important than a sense of ―pleasure‖B. for women, a sense of ―pleasure‖ is more important than a sense of ―mastery‖C. women can’t have a sense of ―mastery‖ and a sense of ―pleasure‖ at the same timeD. a sense of ―mastery‖ and a sense of ―pleasure‖ are both necessary to women66. The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.A. negativeB. positiveC. indifferentD. realistic67. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ________.A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strainB. she will be more successful in her careerC. her chances of getting promoted will be greaterD. her life will be richer and more meaningful68. Which of the following can be con sidered as a source of ―pleasure‖ for women?A. Family lifeB. Multiple roles in societyC. Regular employmentD. Freedom from anxiety(B)Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular of human history. The admission is free and we open every day from 10:00 to 15:30. You can explore 10 departments including:The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasThe collection of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas includes around 350,000 objects. The scope of the collection is contemporary, and historical. It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas. All of the collections were got during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and date from this time.The Department of AsiaThe Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asia – a vast geographical area of Japan, Korea, China, Central Asia, Afghanistan, South Asia and South-East Asia. The collection dates from about 4000 BC, to the present day. It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresThe Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities (古董). It has one of the most comprehensive collections of antiquities from the Classical world, with over 100,000 objects. These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200BC) to the time of the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD.69. The scope of the Department of Africa, Oceania and Americas doesn’t include______.A. AfricaB. AustraliaC. the South AmericaD. Britain70. The earliest collection is from ______.A. The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasB. The Department of AsiaC. The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresD. All of the above71. The Department of Asia represents ______.A. the geographic features of AsiaB. the relationships between Asian countriesC. the life styles and cultural traditions of some peoplesD. the cultural fights between some native groups(C)It is one of the greatest mysteries of nature. In case you haven’t noticed, all living things follow very definite, individual rhythms, all as regular as a clock, but what makes them regular?Though many scientists maintain that these rhythms are the result of some outside force like gravity or radiation or both, the results of most scientific researches agree with other scientists who believe that each living thing has its own built-in biological ―time clock.‖Take the mystery of migration for example. Scientists can’t really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having. When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. In spring time, they migrate northwards even though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive. Something said ―go,‖ and they did.Animals that hibernate (冬眠) are obeying individual time clocks, too. When their clock indicates the time to take a winter’s nap, they do, and nothing can stop them. At a certain time in the spring, they wake up and come out regardless of the weather outside.Plants appear to have yearly rhythms, such as the sprouting of seeds, and they also have daily rhythms. Notice sometimes that plants raise their leaves in daylight and lower them at night.If you live along the California coast, you can easily observe a demonstration of thismysterious clock functioning regularly. There, from February to September, the highest tides occur exactly every fourteen and four-fifths days, and during these high tides, but at no other time, small silvery fish called grunions surf-ride a wave to the beach. There the female deposits her eggs in the sand and the male fertilizes them; then both hitch a wave-ride back to the sea. Exactly fourteen and four-fifths days later, never before or after, the tiny eggs hatch, and the high tide carries the new babies out to sea.72. According to the passage, the mysterious rhythms result from ______.A. the influence of gravity on living speciesB. the effect of radiation on living speciesC. the influence of a mysterious outer force on living speciesD. the internal mechanism inside the living species73. The u nderlined word ―snub‖ in the third paragraph probably means ______.A. fightB. ignoreC. symbolizeD. criticize74. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Hibernating animals are obeying an internal time clock.B. The positioning of the leaves of some plants is due to the daily rhythms.C. The internal clock functioning is demonstrated in the reproducing habits of grunions.D. The yearly hibernation is more because of the weather influence than the biological functioning.75. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the rhythms of lifeB. the reasons of mysterious hibernationC. strange behaviors of speciesD. the timing for different events in the world of speciesSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.a human brain and a computer is more complicated than we can imagine. The large mammalian brain is the most complicated thing, for its size. Though the human brain only weighs three pounds, in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion cells. The many billions of cells are interconnected in such a vastly complicated network that wecomputer man has yet built can’t compare with the brain. Computer switches and processes number in the millions rather than in the billions. What’s more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of aso. They can only do what men have them do, in which way it is like the human brain. We can also do what we are ―programmed‖ to do. Our genes ―program‖ us the instant the zygote (授精卵) isIf it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be the replacement of a human brain andposition and present a complexity explosion. In a very short time thereafter, computers may existnot only taking after the human brain, but far passing it. When the time comes, we might as well step aside and hand over all our work to them and really have them serve us.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.(E)Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion—a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic functions would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no motivation to work. In fact, there would be no motivation of any kind. For as we will see, motivation implies a capacity to enjoy certain activties.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are ―good‖ and others are ―bad‖, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals when performing important tasks.81. According to the passage, the concept of right or wrong comes from ____________.82. Emotions are significant for man’s survival because ____________.83. What would an emotionless world lack?84. What is the result of the absence of emotion?第II卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这美丽的风景是无法描述的。

2019-2020学年上海市松江区第二中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年上海市松江区第二中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet can provide a wealth of educational resources for small children, if you know where to look.Enchanted LearningEnchanted learning is a great website for children, and I know several teachers who rely on it for materials for their classrooms. Most of the information is free, but for $ 20.00 per year, you can purchase a membership that allows you to have access to the site without the advertising. The pages here are great. There are color1 ed pages and worksheets for toddlers (学步儿童) and school-age children.StarfallStarfall is another good educational website for small children. Teachers often use this website in classrooms. It emphasizes reading skills for early learners. The website is aimed at first-grade-level learners, but it has tools that can help all children from pre-K to second grade. The website has reading activities, worksheets to download, and a store where you can purchase educational materials for your children.Sesame Street WorkshopKids loveSesame Street, and it is always educational. This is one of the funniest websites online for children because it is very well animated and has great sound effects. The website has games and stories for small kids, and they can create letters at the post office and mail them to their favorite characters.1. Why does Enchanted Learning offer purchasing memberships?A. Charging for the information.B. Charging for downloading materials.C. Giving access to the site without the ads.D. Providing unlimited search for more pages.2. Where can you buy educational materials for your children?A. Enchanted LearningB. StarfallC. Sesame Street WorkshopD. Colored pages3. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce.B. To discuss.C. To persuade.D. To educate.BFor fishermen and sailors in the seaside town of Shangpan in Linhai, Zhejiang province, where recently 12 stranded（搁浅的）whales were found, it is not unusual to spot whales or dolphins in the sea — they would always call them haizi, or “son of the ocean”. And if the local fishermen spot such intelligent sea creatures in need, they will save them from danger without hesitation.In the recent rescue of melon-headed whales, they tried their best to help as a 37-second video of a young man sleeping in the water holding a whale soon went viral online, with netizens applauding his constant efforts and caring heart in trying to keep the whale alive. “The melon-headed whale knew I was trying to save it and would be more cooperative and wouldn’t move.” said Lu Wenhui, a 21-year-old diver from Hangzhou Changqiao Polar Ocean Park, who held up the whale’s head so it could breathe easily. Lu had been staying in the water for 10 hours by 4 a.m. Wednesday after coming for the rescue work on Tuesday, when the stranded whales were first spotted.“Whales are mammals and need to breathe in air — that’s why I had to hold its head, to ensure it could breathe smoothly the whole time,” Lu said. The stranded whales, after the struggling of being transported, were worn out when they arrived at the fish farm and might have drowned if they were left unattended.The reason why the whales were stranded is still not clear. And these stranded whales were returned to the ocean because they are not adapted to artificial breeding environments on land.4. What do local fishermen usually do after finding haizi in danger?A. Ignore them.B. Feed them.C. Transport them.D. Protect them.5. Why does the author describe Lu’s rescue work?A. To introduce the whales in detail.B. To voice his views on the diver.C. To praise the efforts made by rescuers.D. To explain the value of the whales.6. What can we say about the melon-headed whales according to the text?A. They are rarely seen by locals.B. They are used to breathing in the sea.C. They aren’t suited to artificial surroundings.D. They are fond of swimming near the seaside.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Melon-headed Whales Were StrandedB. Rescuers Went All out to Help WhalesC. Fishermen Transported Stranded WhalesD. Witnesses Voiced Opinions on Rescue WorkCI once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans.” I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their ideas, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.InChina, every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there's the “thousand talent scheme.” this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries aboutChina's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.At last, forChina, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It's not that simple.8. Why does the writer feel disappointed at his students?A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.B. Because the six groups did not cooperate well in the brainstorm.C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.D. Because the students' ideas were lacking in creativeness.9. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.10. We can infer form the passage that ________.A. China can make and sell any product all over the world from its own creation.B. high pay may not solve the problem ofChina's research environment.C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand.D. the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination.11. Which is the best title for the passage?A Look for a new way of learning B. Reward creative thinkingC. How to become a creatorD. Establish a technical environmentDIf you’re looking for a reason to care about tree loss, this summer’s record-breaking heat waves might be it. Trees can lower summer daytime temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit, according to arecent study. But tree cover in US cities is shrinking (缩减). A study published last year by the US Forest Service found that we lost 36 million trees annually from urban and rural communities over a five-year period. “If we continue on this path, cities will become warmer, more polluted and generally unhealthier for inhabitants,” said David Nowak, a senior US Forest Service scientist and co-author of the study. Nowak says there are many reasons why our tree cover is declining, including hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, insects and disease. But the one reason for tree loss that humans can control is sensible development.Nowak says there is a downside to trees too, such as pollen allergy (花粉过敏) or large tailing branches in storms, and people don’t like sweeping leaves. But, he says, there are ways cities and counties can manage trees to help communities thrive (繁荣). Urban forests especially need our help to replace fallen trees. Unlike rural areas, it is very difficult for trees to repopulate themselves in a city environment with so much pavement and asphalt (沥青). “A lot of our native trees can’t actually find a place to drop a seed so they can regenerate,” explains Greg Levine, co-executivedirector of Trees Atlanta. “That’s why the community has to go in and actually plant a tree because the areas just aren’t natural anymore.”Nowak says the first step is caring for the trees on your own property (财产). “We think we pay for our house, and sowe must maintain it. But because we don’t pay for nature, we don’t need to. And that’s not necessarily true.”12. Why does the author mention “trees can lower summer daytime temperatures”?A. To tell the temperatures in summer are high.B. To explain the reason of tree loss.C. To tell trees are helpful.D. To introduce the topic.13. How can humans control tree loss according to Nowak?A. Develop cities in reasonable ways.B. Prevent fires form damaging trees.C. Improve climate to let trees grow.D. Decrease insects in cities.14. Why do forests in cities need our help?A. Because trees don’t grow in a city environment.B. Because native trees don’t drop seeds any more.C. Because trees in urban areas can’t regenerate naturally.D. Because humans want to plant more trees.15. What is the purpose of this passage?A. Describe the importance of trees in cities.B. Appeal people to protect trees in their surroundings.C. Ask people to plant trees with the author.D. Show the number of trees in theUSis declining.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海松江区第二中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及参考答案

2019-2020学年上海松江区第二中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AKate Humble: Books that changed my lifeKate Humble is a writer and broadcaster specializing in science, wildlife and rural affairs. Together with her husband site runs Humble by Nature, a rural skills education centre on working farm near Monmouth intheWyeValley.Winnie the Poohby A A MilneMy father used to read this to me when I was very young — he used different voices for all the animals. The characterization (角色设定) was so clever; we all know someone just like each inhabitant of the HundredAcre Wood: gloomy Eeyore; thick but loyal Pooh; enthusiastic Tigger.A A Milne was masterful in exploring the way they got along together, opening my eyes to how society really works.Last Chance to Seeby Douglas Adams and Mark CarwardineThis book tells of the authors, adventures as they set out to find the rarest of animals, those on the edge of extinction.Their travels are rather exciting and they share a wonderful humour, which really appealed to me. Yet underpinning (支撑) everything is the realization that we can't just sit back and allow species to disappear. PicturePalaceby Paul TherouxI've always loved Theroux's travel writing, but this novel took my breath away. The words aren't long or complicated but, fromthat first paragraph, his writing grabs you by the nose hairs and drags you along. I had an art teacher who told me, “You're only an artist when you've found your own style, not when you're copying someone else, and Theroux represents this.”1. Why did the author mention the characterization ofWinnie the Pooh?A. To indicate the book has realistic values.B. To show how adorable the characters are.C. To persuade people to learn from the characters.D. To prove the writer is good at creating characters.2. What didLast Chance to Seestrike into Kate's heart?A. Curiosity.B. Responsibility.C. Exploration.D. Devotion.3. Which writer does Kate Humble like for his original writing?A. A A Milne.B. Douglas Adams.C. Mark Carwardine.D. Paul Theroux.BAddiction to smartphones will result in poor sleep, according to a new study.The study, published Tuesday in Frontiers in Psychiatry, looked at smartphone use among 1,043 students between the ages of 18 and 30at King's College London. Researchers asked the students to complete two questionnaires on their sleep quality and smartphone use, in person and online.Using a 10-question scale that was developed to judge smartphone addiction in children, nearly 40% of the university students qualified as "addicted" to smartphones, the study found. “Our findings are in agreement with other reported studies in young adult populations globally, which are in the range of 30-45%,” lead author Sei Yon Sohn and her co-authors wrote in the study. "Later time of use was also significantly connected with smartphone addiction, with use after 1 a.m. increasing a 3- times risk," the authors wrote.Students who reported high use of smartphones also reported poor sleep quality, the study found. That foils in line with previous studies that have found overuse of smartphones at night to be associated with trouble falling asleep, reduced sleep duration (睡眠持续时间)and daytime tiredness. That's likely because use of smartphones close to bedtime has been shown to delay the body's normal sleep - and - wake clock.In fact, the No. 1 rule is "no computers, cell phones, and ipads in bed and at least one hour beforebed Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, who directs sleep basic research, said in a recent interview. That's because "any LED light source from electronics (电子设备)may further hold back melatonin (褪黑激素)levels," Polotsky said. Melatonin is often referred to as a "sleep hormone," because we sleep better during the night when levels reach the top.“This is a cross-sectional study, and it cannot lead to any firm conclusions about smartphone use as the cause of reduced sleep quality, said Bob Patton, a lecturer in clinical psychology at the University of Surrey, via email.4. How did Sei Yon Sohn's team begin their study?A. By publishing researching papers.B. By responding to others’ concern.C. By collecting firsthand data.D. By turning to related experts.5. What did the study find about sleep quality and smartphone use?A. 30-45% of the university students are addicted to smartphones.B. High use of smartphones is related to poor sleep quality.C. Overuse of smartphones leads to shorter sleep duration.D. Use after 1 a.m. will result in smartphone addiction.6. What is Polotsky's opinion on electronics ?A. We should stop using them an hour before going to sleep.B. LED light source from them will delay normal sleep- and- wake clock.C. Reduced sleep quality has nothingto do with them.D. No electronics should be used in bed at any time.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Say No to SmartphonesB. Sleep Quality Can Be ImprovedC. LED Light Source Causes Great HarmD. Smartphone Addiction Ruins SleepCAfter a year at sea, 16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say, “Missionaccomplished!” Last month, she finished a daring trip around the world aboard her 38-foot boat, Guppy. Dekker, who is from theNetherlands, traveled more than 30,000 miles all by herself. She is the youngest person ever to sail around the globe alone.Dekker had wanted to lake on this challenge when she was even younger. She first tried to set sail at the age of 13, but a court in theNetherlandsstopped her. They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself. But Dekker insisted she had the navigation skills and patience of an adult sailor.She finally took off on January 20, 2011. During her trip, Dekker battled loneliness, storms, and worries about pirates. But she also got to surf, scuba dive, and started a new hobby: playing the flute. Although Dekker didn’t spend all of her time at sea—she stopped at ports along the way—she did spend her 16lh birthday on the open ocean. To celebrate, she ate doughnuts for breakfast.But Dekker didn’t sail into the record books. Guinness World Records and the World Sailing Speed Record Councilno longer recognize records for “youngest” sailors. They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children fromattempting such dangerous feats (壮举). But that didn’t stop Dekker，who was born on a yacht during a seven-year world voyage undertaken by her parents.Dekker doesn’t mind that she won’t hold an official record. She says it was a personal goal, and she is happy she achieved it.“I am not disappointed at all that Guinness World Record won’t recognize my attempt.” Dekker wrote on her website. “I did not start on my trip to achieve any record…I did it just for myself.”8. Dekker wasn’t allowed to sail at the age of 13 because .A. people were concerned about her safetyB.she didn’t learn any sailing skills wellC. she had to continue her study at schoolD. she didn’t have enough patience for long trips9. What does the underlined word “accomplished” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Failed.B. Completed.C. Continued.D. Started.10. In 2009 records for youngest sailors were canceled in order to .A. set a higher sailing standard for teen sailorsB. stop children entering Guinness World RecordsC. encourage parents to sail with their childrenD. prevent children making dangerous attempts11. What could be the best title for this passage?A. A New Guinness World Record in SailingB. A New Sailing Standard for Teen SailorsC. A Teen Girl Sailing Alone Aroundthe WorldD. The Youngest Sailor in Guinness World RecordsDIt’s a big change from homeless teen to Yale (耶鲁)medical school student, butperseverancepaid off for Chelesa Fearce of Clayton County, Georgia.Fearce was a fourth grader when her mom was diagnosed (诊断) with Lymphoma (淋巴瘤).That began a hard time for the family. They had to move in and out of shelters,hotels and even the family car.“I know I have been made stronger. I was homeless. My family slept on the floor and we were lucky if we got more than one full meal a day. Getting a shower, food and clean clothes was an everyday struggle,” Fearce said in a speech she gave at her high school graduation ceremony. Fearce overcame her day-to-day struggles by focusing on a better day. “I just told myself to keep working, because the future will not be like this anymore. And that helped me get through,” she told WSBTV.Fearce was determined to be a good role model for her younger sister. She found inspiration in her late grandmother, struggling with deadly diseases, who gave Fearce emotional support. In her junior and senior year, Fearce took both high school and college courses, missing out on the free meals she depended on so she could get to her college classes. Despite having to use her cellphone to study after the shelter lights were turned off at night, she not only graduated as valedictorian (毕业生代表) of her 2013 class with a 4.5 grade average, but was also given a ride scholarship—including a meal plan to Spelman College in Atlanta.After graduation, she worked full time for two years at the National Institutes for Health inBethesda,Maryland,doing research on drugs. Last fall, she entered Yale and set a course to earn both a PhD and medical degree.12. What does the underlined word “perseverance” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. instant passion.B. continuous efforts.C. great patience.D. selfless ambitions.13. How did Fearce feel facing the sufferings?A. Sad and disappointed.B. Stressed and defeated.C. Determined and confident.D. Joyous and contented.14. What can we know about Fearce’s learning experience?A. Her grandma encouraged her to study medicine.B. Her high school offered her free meals and courses.C. She failed to study late due to frequent power cut.D. She gained remarkable high school achievement.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. From Homeless to YaleB. Meet American’s Top GirlC. Disabled but not DefeatedD. Chelesa Fearce: A Girl of Many Talents第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1 2024届松江区高三英语一模

松江区2023学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2023.12考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和考号。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Happy. B.Angry.C.Relaxed.D.Confused.2. A.An actress. B.A director.C.A writer.D.A translator.3. A.Professor and student. B.Doctor and patient.C.Employer and applicant.D.Shop owner and customer.4. A.Tony should continue to take the class. B.She approves of Tony’s decision.C.Tony can choose another science course.D.She can meet Tony early in the morning.5. A.An annoying dog. B.Mrs.White.C.The flower garden.D.Their neighborhood.6. A.He wasn’t invited to the meeting. B.He didn’t find the meeting hall.C.He missed the meeting in the end.D.He was delayed by the heavy fog.7. A.15,000yuan. B.16,500yuan.C.50,000yuan.D.55,000yuan.8. A.A sports meeting. B.A hiking trip.C.A press conference.D.A surprise party.9. A.The man is seeing off the woman. B.They are celebrating the New Year.C.The woman is picking up the man.D.They are complaining about the airport.10. A. B.C. D.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.To reduce our chance of regular walking. B.To show us the advantages of exercising.C.To persuade us to walk in our daily life.D.To change our habit of walking every day.12. A.Walking in rural areas arouses new ideas.B.Walking offers cancer patients confidence.C.Walking enlarges elder people’s brain size.D.Walking in nature helps to beat depression.13. A.It can cure common heart diseases. B.It has been made part of people’s life.C.It is the easiest way to lose weight.D.It works better on the old than the young.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.How history can be defined differently. B.Why people should study history.C.How people can better understand the past.D.Why history may affect career choice.15. A.To understand unfamiliar things. B.To convince different people.C.To develop skills to give directions.D.To identify with people around.16. A.History is a body of knowledge rather than a way to think.B.Being a historian is not a popular idea for present students.C.Studying the past helps people understand the modern world.D.The speaker does not agree with others’definitions of history.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.Because he didn’t take complete notes. B.Because his vision isn’t good enough.C.Because he has missed several classes.D.Because his notebook was lost on campus.18. A.At a library. B.At a copy shop.C.At a laboratory.D.At a coffee shop.19. A.Getting some rest. B.Studying together.C.Having more classes.D.Exchanging notes.20. A.The man does not want to spend time taking notes.B.The man enjoys playing slideshows for the professor.C.The woman would not like to lend the man her notes.D.The woman will help to keep the man awake in class.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Buy Now,Pay Later SpendingBuy now,pay later(BNPL)spending is expected to rise to record levels this holiday season.With so many young “buy now,pay later”shoppers already in debt from this short-term financing tool not requiring interest,questions emerge: Why do these shoppers use such a tool?And what risks does it pose to their budgets in the months(21)______(come)?The many Generation Z and millennials(typically around40years and younger)tend to use this short-term financing,(22)______allows them to buy items and pay for them over time.Offered mostly by financial technologies, BNPL allows these customers to pay back their purchases(23)______interest and with the first payment usually made at checkout.The most common“buy now,pay later”plan is(24)______customers make four equal payments and pay off the debt in six weeks.It’s been a lifeline for some people,such as a university student(25)______weekly income is not big enough.“BNPL provides consumers with flexible payment options so they(26)______manage spending,”said Vivek Pandya,lead analyst at Adobe Digital Insights.That is of great importance for many consumers,especially(27) ______with a tendency to purchase higher-cost items.However,since BNPL(28)______(appear),warnings from experts have come into our view.They have been indicating that it’s financially unhealthy to form such a spending habit.According to New York Federal Reserve economists,BNPL may encourage debt to increase over time,(29)______(influence)a consumer’s ability to meet non-BNPL commitments,or users to overextend ers should also note that(30)______interest is not charged on the loan,they’ll be hit with late fees for missed payments,which can add up quickly,says the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.attractiveB.botheredC.buildingD.contrastsE.crossedF.demonstratesG.dramaticallyH.greyedI.instrumental J.sustaining K.vividlyA Review on OppenheimerOppenheimer is Christopher Nolan’s film about J.Robert Oppenheimer,the man known as“the father of the atomic (原子的)bomb”.As a drama about genius,pride and error,it31the life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,two cities in Japan, during World War II.Oppenheimer is a great achievement,partly because it32relates that period of history thanks to Nolan’s lifelike filmmaking.Nolan goes deep and long on the33of the bomb,but he doesn’t restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes.The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades,starting in the1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair34.The film touches on his personal and professional milestones,the controversies that35him,and the attacks that nearly ruined him.Besides,the friendships and romances36him,yet also troubling,are also described.The path of Oppenheimer’s life37shifted at Berkeley.He was once only an academic there,but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force.By that time,Oppenheimer had become friends with Ernest Lawrence,a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator(粒子加速器)and played a(n)38role in the Manhattan Project.And Oppenheimer also met the project’s military head and was then made director of Los Alamos,where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place.François Truffaut once wrote that“war films,even those who support peace,even the best,willingly or not,present wars in a certain39way.”That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,killing millions of souls.In the film,you hear that Oppenheimer’s famous words40his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose:“Now I am become Death,the destroyer of worlds.”Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Paris has long been at the heart of the history of flight.It is where the Montgolfier brothers went up in the first hot-air balloon in1783,and where Charles Lindbergh completed the first one-person transatlantic aeroplane journey in 1927.Next year,if all goes to plan,Paris will witness the birth of another industry41,when Volocopter,a German maker of electric aircraft,launches a flying-taxi service during the Olympic Games.At the Paris Airshow in June, Volocopter and some of its competitors displayed a new generation of42flying machines designed for urban transport.The electrification of aviation(航空)has often been dismissed as a pipe dream,with batteries assumed too heavy a 43for traditional fuel in an airborne vehicle.For longer journeys,that may well be true.Yet upstarts like Volocopter are betting that electrification can44a boom in demand for clean and quick air journeys over shorter distances.The main form of a flying taxi under45,called an electric vertical(垂直的)take-off and landing(eVTOL) aircraft,is expected to carry up to four passengers plus a pilot.Powered by batteries,it is predicted to be both quiet enough to reduce complaints in crowded cities,and fast:capable of up to300kph,enough to comfortably46a car, especially the one stuck in traffic.And optimists believe the absence of traffic in the sky will also make eVTOLs well-suited to47operation.They could prove handy for transporting goods,too.That vision has inspired48 predictions.For example,Morgan Stanley,an investment bank,estimates global spending on eVTOLs could hit$1,000 billion by2040!Regardless of the above49expectations,challenges remain.One problem is technical certification,which is turning out to be a(n)50process as aviation regulators work on an entirely new form of te last year,due to regulatory delays and some other factors,Joby,a Silicon Valley startup,was forced to51its launch by one more year until2025.Many have even longer to go.The bigger question is—is the business of flying taxis52 practicable?EVTOLs currently range in price from$1million to$4million.Some believe that their cost may come down as the industry develops.Brian Yutko of Wisk,a maker backed by Boeing,says that flying-taxi rides will be accessible to53in the near future.And Joby promises that its fares will be comparable to catching a common taxi. 54,there is an opposite belief that eVTOLs are likely to remain expensive.Some studies suggest the cost could end up as high as$7per kilometer,many times a regular taxi fare.That means,even without a pilot,flying taxis may remain a convenience55only to a lucky few.Let’s expect plenty more experiments with electric aircraft in the years ahead.41. A.cooperator petitor C.observer D.pioneer42. A.wind-driven B.battery-driven C.gas-driven D.solar-driven43. A.substitute B.shelter C.treatment D.desire44. A.regulate B.maintain C.unlock D.reverse45. A.pressure B.attack C.development D.repair46. A.underestimate B.update C.outpace D.overdo47. A.rigid B.autonomous C.attentive D.illegal48. A.daring B.discouraging C.unclear D.ordinary49. A.technological B.unrealistic C.rewarding D.enthusiastic50. A.efficient B.simple C.lengthy D.intelligent51. A.put off B.speed up C.object to D.approve of52. A.historically B.technically C.theoretically D.economically53. A.the learned B.the disabled C.the seniors D.the masses54. A.Furthermore B.However C.Fortunately D.Consequently55. A.affordable B.valuable C.unbelievable D.unsuitableSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every summer,as a child,I spent with my parents the annual family holiday,flying away from our home in the West Midlands to their birthplace in Ireland.I enjoyed it,but once,I behaved differently and left home.Package tours and long-distance flights became my idea of a holiday.I then went and ran into an Englishman who also came of Irish stock,and we both felt the urge to renew our knowledge of Ireland.It was important for us to discover something different from our childhood visits.So that’s how we came to drive along the winding St John’s Point Peninsula(半岛)in Donegal,part of Ireland’s Wild Atlantic Way,to visit a unique part of the20th-century history—the Donegal Corridor.When anyone drives to the point where the land runs out,he sees giant white stones fixed firmly in green grass spelling out“EIRE”and“70”,while the Atlantic wind fiercely blows across the headland and the ice-white waves smash into the rocks below.The meaning behind the stones?They date back to the Second World War when St John’s Point was number70in a total of83Look Out Points(LOPs),observation stations set up and maintained by Ireland all around its coast.There lies a bit of curious UK-Ireland history.Although Ireland was officially neutral during the war,the Battle of the Atlantic was being fought close to Irish shores,and these LOPs,staffed by local volunteers known as Coastwatchers, passed on information on activities connected with the sea and weather fronts to London.At St John’s Point,we were standing right under the Donegal Corridor,a long narrow area of airspace in which Ireland ensured safe passage during World War II to planes in the RAF(Royal Air Force)from bases in the UK-governed North of Ireland.The stone markings acted as reference points to aircrews.Standing on this rough area of land surrounded by the wild and windy ocean brought home to us the conditions in which the Coastwatchers and aircrews in the RAF cooperated in a shared history.I revolted against my family tradition that summer,and I fulfilled my aim of discovering something new and absorbed all Donegal has to offer:empty golden beaches,mysterious ancient stone circles,folk music and crafts,and tasty food.I had fallen in love with Ireland all over again.56.What can we learn about the author from paragraphs1to3?A.She met a childhood friend from Ireland that year.B.She and that Englishman both had Irish ancestors.C.She took package tours and long-distance flights every year.D.She explored the Wild Atlantic Way with her family members.57.The giant white stones were important during WWII because______.A.the Battle of the Atlantic took place right close to themB.weather information from the UK was sent through themC.they functioned as reference points to aircrews in the RAFD.they ranked at the top in the83LOPs around the Irish coast58.The expression“revolted against”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______.A.worried aboutB.passed onC.celebratedD.disobeyed59.Which might be the best title of the passage?A.A Global JourneyB.Discovering Undiscovered DonegalC.Happy HolidaysD.Escaping from the West MidlandsAds,news,movies,TV shows,and many other types of media all want you to accept their messages at face value.However,you should look beneath the surface and ask questions to decode what the media message is really saying.You need to ask yourself two basic questions:Who is the source of the message?How is it trying to get your attention?Question 1：Who is the source of the message?(Picture A)Knowing who is responsible for a message can reveal its true intention,as wellas any possible prejudice.Just take the picture above as an example.Why are weasked to ban the impacts?Don’t forget that the source at the bottom plays a part.If,sometimes,the source isn’t clear,we can look for it by checking legal documents.Question 2：How is it trying to get your attention?(Picture B)The obvious part of a message iscalled the text,which includes anylanguage,imagery,music,or anythingelse you can see or hear.The impliedpart of a message is called the subtext,and it’s suggested by the contentrather than directly seen or heard.Weas individuals then decide how tointerpret this subtext based on ourpersonal ideas,world views,andexpectations.People with differentperspectives might interpret the samepiece of message differently.Mindthat some media may just takeadvantage of the prejudice.(Picture C)Photo control is nearly as old as photography itself,but modern technology has made it common and easy to ing photo editing software,almost anyone can make big changes to an image,from adjusting colors and lighting to adding and removing content.That’s why you should always keep a critical eye on images in the media.Some media may hold back or overstate information,like an advertisement that makes the products appear moreeffective than they really are.(Picture D)Social media users can also give themselves a digital transformation with a little effort.They can make themselves look however they like in just a few moments.But since these edited images are presented as reality,they can affect our mental well-being.By constantly seeing pictures of artificially superb people,some of us may start to believe that these pictures are genuine,and that we can never live up to these unrealistic ideals.This type of harmful thinking can lead to all sorts of mental and emotional health concerns.60.We can learn from the passage that ______.A.the media hope that you can make sense of their true meaningsB.finding the sources of media helps to form a sensible judgmentC.text is more important than subtext when we analyze the messagesD.photography and photo editing software date back to the same time61.Your aunt finds her newly-bought belt doesn’t make her so stylish as advertised.Whichpicture can illustrate the case?A.Picture AB.Picture BC.Picture CD.Picture D 62.This passage can be found under the section of _____.A.Mass Media ReadingB.Content-Targeted AdvertisingC.Deconstructing Web-pagesD.Persuasive Language RecognitionAntibiotics,which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections,are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer.But after decades of overuse,their powers are fading.Some bacteria have evolved resistance,creating a growing army of superbugs,against which there is little effective treatment.Antimicrobial(抗菌的)resistance,expected to kill10 million people a year by2050up from around1million in2019,has been seen as a crisis by many.It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem.The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing.Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance.When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them,using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales,making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drugﬁrms.Governments have been trying toﬁx the problem by channeling cash into research in drugﬁrms.That has produced only limited improvements.But there is a phenomenon worth a look.Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own.They are supersensitive to attacks by phages,specialised viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them.Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.Using one disease-causing virus toﬁght bacteria has several advantages.Like antibiotics,phages only tend to choose particular targets,leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones.Unlike antibiotics,phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can,meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance,phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.That,at least,is the theory.The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them.After the discovery of penicillin,theﬁrst antibiotic,in1928,they were largely ignored in the West.Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem,it would be a good idea toﬁnd out more about them.Theﬁrst step is to run more clinical trials.Interest from Westernﬁrms is growing.But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics.Since they are natural living things,there may be trouble patenting them,making it hard to recover any investment.Governments can help fund basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable.In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper.And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics,and the potential beneﬁts of phages.63.We can learn from paragraphs1and2that______.A.doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for themB.antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predictedC.new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of themD.previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems64.What is phages’advantage over antibiotics?A.They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.B.They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.C.They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.D.They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.65.According to the passage,the obstacle to phage treatment is that_____.A.there is little chance of patenting phages in the futureernments provide financial support for other researchC.the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’interestD.over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages66.What is the main idea of the passage?ernments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.B.Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.C.Development of antibiotics is limited by phages.D.Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can only be used once.Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A.Social maskers do not try hard to match other people in pace and tone.B.Social masking is something we all engage in to some extent.C.Social maskers are not trying to fox anyone.D.When we are in natural identification with someone,it happens naturally,and there is very little effort involved.E.It’s adopted by people unable to naturally act in a way considered socially acceptable.F.That is,it’s an ancient part of our evolution to socialize,rather than be anti-social or a misfit.Social MaskingAmanda is always an expert at working the room.She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality.This is social masking,the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.(67)_____Instead,they are hoping to fit in with everybody else.Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors,movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.(68)_____People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky life situations with confidence, according to Dr.Tara Quinn-Cirillo.And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level,adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves,you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors.“Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,”says Tara.“It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own,from a historical perspective.(69)_____”There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking.(70)_____ Social masking,on the other hand,involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings.It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.71.Why Should We Read Literary Classics?Many have grown up on a healthy diet of literary classics.Some literary classics have been inspiring readers in many ways.In this age of fast-turners,how does investing our time in a timeless literary classic change us for the better?Many literary classics from yesteryear,which got little or no success when published,are considered invaluable. These books offer a window through which we can experience histories rooted in different cultures.One can always ask,“But we can do so by reading our history books too.Why do we need to read classics?”The simple answer is that these literary classics are not just a retelling of history.They allow us to have a more individualized experience,where they show us other ways to look at history.It is common knowledge that reading as a habit helps us improve our command of the language.But literary classics have an edge:the enriching writing style is something that sets them apart.Fascinated with the amazing wording and phrasing,we’ll surely pause and wonder about what we read.For instance,when we read Shakespeare,we naturally begin to consider how to better express our ideas just like his far-reaching“Have more than you show;speak less than you know.”One more benefit is that after reading classics,we won’t see non-classics as just other stories:we’ll become interested in them.Maybe we’ll realize that some details we ignored last time are actually worth appreciating,or we’ll discover literary devices that bring a whole new meaning to the story.Literary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep and enhance our ability to think and reason,which will inevitably spill over into our reading of other works.We finally fall in love with non-classics as well.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.室友们商定好每两天打扫一次宿舍。

上海市松江区2022届高三高考二模英语试题及答案

英语练习卷（答案在最后）（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2022.06考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.At a booking office. B.At a theatre. C.At a railway station. D.At a restaurant.2. A.Boring. B.Annoying. C.Inspiring. D.Interesting.3. A.A TV station. B.A football match. C.Exam scores. D.Sports news.4. A.To do some exercises in a book. B.To do nothing but read a book.C.To write a review after reading a book.D.To review things in the exercise book.5. A.Because he considers them smelly. B.Because they trouble his nose a lot.C.Because he doesn’t need pleasant smells.D.Because they don’t look pure or pleasant.6. A.A shop assistant. B.A tablet designer. C.A bank clerk. D.A gift deliverer.7. A.The two sides of a coin. B.A serious economics professor.C.The effects of a financial crisis.D.The definition of a financial crisis.8. A.He caught a bad cold. B.He planned to work overseas.C.He watered Anne’s plants.D.He talked her out of the plan.9. A.The girl does not need to go into the supermarket.B.It is time for the girl to try eating something sweet.C.The girl ought not to go shopping together with him.D.It is unsuitable for the girl to keep eating sweet food.10. A.He cannot find so many history books. B.He does not have enough time to read.C.He does not have access to the book list.D.He won’t be able to pass history exams. Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.With slimmer figures. B.More active.C.In poorer health.D.Less open-minded.12. A.Guard their houses. B.Relieve the stress.C.Make them thinner.D.Lead the way.13. A.Exercise more. B.Stop keeping pets. C.Eat less. D.Build another yard.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.The reason for people’s unusual behavior. B.Chinese people’s love for the Olympics.C.The popularity of a stuffed panda in China.D.People’s attention to athletes’performance.15. A.People preferred the athletes to the competitions.B.People lined up to buy a limited edition of panda.C.People were excited about wild pandas nationwide.D.People discussed quite a lot about the competitions.16. A.Because of its limited stocks. B.Because of people’s interest in the Games.C.Because of its attraction to children.D.Because of people’s pride in their nation.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.Amish teenagers. B.An online program.C.Trips to Los Angeles.D.An imaginary community.18. A.They do not have modern technology. B.They have never left their home.C.They do not park cars by themselves.D.They have never seen the ocean.19. A.The modern world likes to teach children to fix machines.B.The Amish people have no contact with the modern world.C.The modern world does not welcome the Amish teenagers.D.The Amish people take horses as a means of transportation.20. A.Disappointed and sad. B.Upset but excited.C.Annoyed and unhappy.D.Puzzled but interested.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Opening Ceremony Shows DifferenceStill remember what was different on4th February this year?(21)______(put)the Olympic torch in the middle of a giant snowflake-shaped cauldron(大锅),the two persons saw it rise to the top of the National Stadium at2022Winter Olympics opening ceremony.“The Olympic spirit is not necessarily shown through a big flame;the fire of one torch can be a symbol,”said Zhang Yimou,chief director of the event.The giant“snowflake”was made from91smaller(22)______, each with the name of a participating country or region.According to Zhang,(23)______ (combine)the smaller snowflakes symbolizes people’s joint efforts to build a community with a shared future for humanity and only through such efforts(24)______man overcome the pandemic(流行病).The2008ceremony boasted large-scale performances displaying traditional Chinese culture, while this year’s was centered around natural performances from ordinary people,(25)______ Zhang sought to deliver Chinese style in a different way.None of the performers at this opening ceremony wore ancient clothes as were seen14years ago.76participants(26)______different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world.This specific area was set against a background of images(27) ______(feature)past Olympic competitions and the global fight against COVID-19.This part(28) ______impressed most viewers aimed to show that ordinary and diverse individuals can reflect the slogan—together for a bright future.Under the guidance of“green Olympics”,the use of fireworks this time was only10percent that of the2008Games.Moreover,the creative approach(29)______only a single torch wasplaced inside the cauldron highlighted China’s low-carbon and environmental protection efforts. So far,the total amount of carbon emitted(30)______(find)only one5,000th of that at the2008 Summer Games.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.speciesrmedC.awarenessD.indicateE.additionalF.figuresG.advancedH.stuckI.state J.reliance K.basedSensors for HouseplantsOver the past two years Jasmin Moeller,a38-year-old in Germany,has been buying more houseplants,making her feel more comfortable.Actually,the fact that people have spent much more time31at home has started a trend to bring more nature inside.In the UK,the latest32show that2021houseplant sales were29%higher than in2020.It is a similar picture in other countries,with sales of houseplants in the US rising by18%last year,for instance.Yet it is one thing to buy a houseplant and quite another to successfully look after it.Luckily, some33sensors for indoor plants may help those without professional skills in gardening. These devices,usually solar powered and connected wirelessly to a user’s smartphone,should be inserted into the soil next to the plants.Then,they show in real time the34of the plants.A sensor made by German firm Greensens has approximately5000plant35on its app database.Like a traffic light system,the app uses red,yellow and green faces to36how plants are doing.For example,red reveals that the plant is dying,while green means it’s in perfect condition.Besides,users are regularly37of what they should do with plants.Another app released by German business Fyta tells users how their plants are by analyzing the uploaded pictures of the plants.It also includes38content other apps rarely offer,such as cultural history of some plants,so users can learn more about their plants.However,Botanist Silver Spence is worried that39on these sensors may affect users’gardening skills negatively.And David Anglov recommends that amateurs try their best to establish their own40of what a plant needs in various situations through careful observation.Back in Germany,Ms Moeller says she is sure that the sensors are helping her improve gardening skills.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare,a foot-long sea snail.But a research team claim to have made progress in41the simplest kind of memory a mollusk(软体动物)might form,and,with a swift injection,managed to42one sea snail’s memory to another.The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the43 between brain cells,but in RNA molecules(分子),according to David Glanzman,a biologist at UCLA.To44the idea,Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks.The procedure made the animals so45that when they were touched,they contracted parts of their bodies intensely.Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake:the memory of the event causes a(n)46response to any loud noise.After sensitizing the sea snails,Glanzman took RNA out from them and47it into new sea snails to see what would happen.He then found the new ones are48sensitized, suggesting the“memory”of the electrical shocks had been transplanted.According to Glanzman and his research team,the experiment shows that49parts of the memory trace are held in RNA,rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.However,the work has not yet found widespread50.“Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the51of such phenomena,”said Prof Vann at Cardiff University.“While a sea snail is a fantastic model,we must be very52in drawing comparisons to human memory processes,which are much more complex.”Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin,is53.“This work takes us down an interesting road,but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,”he said.“This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”54,Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need:“In a field full of acceptance but lacking55,we need as many new ideas as possible.”41. A.deleting B.disturbing C.refreshing D.understanding42. A.transfer B.adjust pare D.relate43. A.connections B.conflicts C.secrets D.distances44. A.promote B.test C.eliminate D.impose45 A.sensitive B.adaptable C.strong D.relaxed46. A.necessary B.peaceful C.unconscious D.impossible47. A.plunged B.invested C.translated D.injected48. A.crazily B.dangerously C.scarcely D.equally49. A.optional B.essential C.memorial D.virtual50. A.association B.recognition C.innovation D.publication51. A.depth B.application C.basis D.description52. A.imaginative B.careful C.ambitious D.speedy53. A.supported B.persuaded C.unappreciated D.unconvinced54. A.Nevertheless B.Eventually C.For example D.As a result55. A.expression B.likelihood C.suspicion D.disturbanceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Hurlen-Patano unzipped her jacket,pulled out her phone,and made a call,“Bring help!”That morning,Ken Scott bumped into his friend Rebecca Hurlen-Patano in Silver Mountain Resort.They noticed that the6200-foot Wardner Peak,home to the challenging expert-level route, was now open.It had been closed all season over concerns about an avalanche,sudden fall of a mass of snow.“Let’s go for it!”Hurlen-Patano proposed.Almost immediately they took off from that peak,the snow beneath gave way.In a millisecond,“Avalanche!”she yelled to Scott.Hurlen-Patano had ended up partially buried and managed to pull herself out.She looked uphill to where she’d last seen Scott and shouted his name.No response.Then she made the call.Word spread quickly,and soon professional rescuers and skiers were heading to the avalanche site with tools.Like a commander,Hurlen-Patano stayed calm and pointed out possible places.Rescuers formed a line along the slope,and positioned their ten-foot poles down into the deep snow,hoping to hit and locate the buried skier.Under the weight of the snow,Scott was totally immobile,and he couldn’t expand his chest enough to take a full breath.He knew death was just a matter of time,but this was not the way he wanted to die.He fought to stay optimistic by focusing on breathing.But a group of his close friends who had lost their lives in an avalanche emerged in his mind.Then a feeling of warmth struck him and he knew it was a sign of hypothermia(体温过低).“I’m going to join them.”The key30-minute survival time had come and gone.He felt a slight pressure.He anxiously prayed to feel it again.A minute passed,then two.Nothing.The only flash of hope disappeared.He felt himself fading away.Suddenly,the pressure on his body seemed to be changing.He started shouting,hoping anyone standing above would hear.Five minutes later,he breathed in fresh air deeply and saw the sky above,again.56.Why did Hurlen-Patano call for help?A.Because she forecast that a natural disaster would take place.B.Because she got injured and needed to be rushed to the hospital.C.Because she located an avalanche victim who needed treatment.D.Because she noticed her friend trapped in an unexpected disaster.57.What can we learn about Scott when he was covered under the snow?A.He waited for rescue without motion.B.He stayed positive from start to finish.C.He prayed for the stopping of the snow.D.He squeezed himself to get some warmth.58.We can learn from the passage that______.A.rescuers found Scott due to Hurlen-Patano’s precise locationB.Wardner Peak was once closed for the likelihood of a disasterC.the avalanche happened right after Scott finished his chosen routeD.rescue work was completed smoothly within the ideal survival time59.Which expression best describes both Scott and Hurlen-Patano?A.Calm commanders.B.Optimistic prayers.C.Experienced skiers.D.Decisive rescuers.(B)The eligibility(资格)standards for the2021Resident Visa focuses on people whose primary purpose for being in New Zealand(NZ)is to work.Period2:From21February2022Applications can be sent online.All applications must be made by31July2022.60.The passage is most likely to be taken from______.A.an advertising posterB.a travel magazineC.an immigration websiteD.a geographic leaflet61.Who may be eligible for the2021New Zealand Resident Visa?A.Andy,who applied for the2021Resident Visa in Australia in Dec.2021online.B.Judy,who came to NZ in Dec.2021as an exchange student and will leave in2022.C.Sam,who was granted a short-term visa in Sep.2021and works in a role on a scarce list.D.Ron,who has been living in NZ on Talent Work Visa since2020and earns$27per hour.62.To ensure a successful application for the2021Resident Visa,one should apply for it no laterthan______.A.29Sep.2021B.1Dec.2021C.21Feb.2022D.31Jul.2022(C)During the most isolating worldwide pandemic in a century,it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness.As a group,humans develop being around others,but how much and what kind of contact each person needs to feel part of a community varies among individuals as well as over one person’s stage of life.“A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually,it’s important to separate the two,”said Dr.Perissinotto,a professor of medicine at the University of California.“Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school;people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in;and older adults can experience loneliness through retirement or death of a loved one.”What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues,an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with the feeling—like depression and early death,according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.That’s why,experts say,it’s also time to look more closely at what we can do about loneliness.“When it comes to fighting loneliness,the key is not looking at circumstances and assuming what feelings should be associated with it,but actually asking yourself if you are lonely,”Perissinotto said.“If your solitude(独处)is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help,there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.”And just as solitude doesn’t necessarily equal loneliness,interaction doesn’t mean fulfilment for everyone,according to Hawkley,a principal research scientist at the University of Chicago.“People can be around others and feel lonely anyway or they can be pretty much single souls and not be lonely,”Hawkley pointed out.Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness can stem from the sensing of a lack of any of them.“The first type happens when someone like a spouse is so close to you that part of your identity becomes closely connected with his or hers.Then there is the second type,which you establish with your close friends,as well as the third type—those interactions that make you feel part of a community.”It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships.Identifying the kind of connection that one is longing for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps,but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific context.63.According to the passage,Perissinotto probably agrees that______.A.people who live alone are much more likely to feel lonelyB.asking someone if he’s lonely doesn’t help fight lonelinessC.those choosing to be alone do not necessarily feel unhappyD.death of loved ones is the main cause of people’s loneliness64.The word exacerbating in paragraph3most probably means______.A.worseningB.exploringC.confusingD.addressing65.What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?A.There’re no obvious connections among three different types of loneliness.B.Hawkley holds that people lacking one of the three connections feel lonely.C.Recognizing one’s missing connection is helpful in dealing with loneliness.D.The quality of one’s relationships is not so important as his specific context.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.Differences between being alone and lonely.B.Causes of loneliness and ways to deal with it.C.Effects of a pandemic on people’s way of keeping connected.D.Reasons for people’s loneliness and importance of fighting it.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once.Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A.The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females.B.Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too?C.The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth—they are not alone.D.Men’s response to ideal images is no more reasonable than that of women’s.E.Teen boys are usually so hungry that they can wolf down every bite of food they see.F.Disordered eating behavior in men is often criticized in social media.Muscly Men at Risk for Eating DisorderWhen thinking about someone with an eating disorder,many people think of a girl or woman who restricts food.67According to Dr.Blake Woodside,a professor at the University of Toronto,males will also develop eating disorders if they feel pressure to match a few manly body types that society regards as acceptable.68In order to achieve perfect figures,some males strictly limit their calorie intake, while others do the opposite and encourage excessive(过量的)exercise,overloading protein and heavily restricting nutrients like fats,said Murray,director of the Translational Research in Eating Disorders Laboratory.When does an interest in maintaining a certain shape of body become an eating disorder?It happens when a male’s behavior and interactions start to be ruled by the restrictions he is putting into place for his ideal body.Unfortunately,many families and even family doctors still aren’t familiar with what suggests eating disorders in boys and men,Murray said.So,the first place to start is knowing the signs to look for.69If,one day,you notice that they suddenly change how much or how publicly they eat,they deserve attention.If the men or boys in your life are making big changes to the activities and relationships in their lives,it might also be time to pay closer attention,Woodside added.From there,there is both good news and bad news.The bad news?70So,they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves,Murray said.But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.71.Working Out Worries by WritingAfter his father was driven to the hospital for emergent treatment,43-year-old Yanatha Desouvre began to panic.So,he did one thing that he knew would calm himself:He wrote.Over the next few weeks,Desouvre filled several notebooks,writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad.“Writing allowed me to face my fear and process my pain,”he says. Psychologists refer to that kind of writing as“expressive writing”.People do it by recording their deepest thoughts and feelings.However,different from writing in a journal,expressive writing is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular frustration or challenge.A well-known psychology professor says that hundreds of studies have looked at thepotential benefits of expressive writing and found it can help reduce pain and improve mood,sleep and memory.It may even help reduce symptoms of various illnesses,and prevent colds and flu.Expressive writing takes effect because translating a painful experience into language allows people to make meaning out of it,some experts say.The process forces them to organize their thoughts and offers a sense of control,thus completing the pursuit of value from such an experience.Another research suggested that during expressive writing,the act of labeling a feeling can lessen the activity relating to nerves in the threat area of the brain.With these nerves relaxed, people can lower the symptoms of their diseases,enhance their appreciation for life,and increase the acceptance of various experiences in their lives.What can’t be ignored is that it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other medical treatments.And people coping with a severe depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy.Yet,it can be a powerful coping tool for many,in large part because it helps battle against their reluctance to face negative emotions.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.我自己去取包裹吧，省得麻烦他。