2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷及答案

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2012年普通高等学校招生统一考试(北京卷)含答案

2012年普通高等学校招生统一考试(北京卷) 12．秦汉至明代，商人长期处于社会底层。

一个重要原因是统治阶层认为商人() A．不事生产B．不尊儒术C．不敬宗族D．不纳租税13．下图是中国某一朝代都城内中枢机构的分布示意图。

该都城是()A．唐长安B．宋开封C．元大都D．明北京14．下列各选项中，中外名著创作于同一世纪的是()A．顾炎武《天下郡国利病书》与洛克《政府论》B．郭守敬《授时历》与牛顿《自然哲学的数学原理》C．曹雪芹《红楼梦》与薄伽丘《十日谈》D．关汉卿《窦娥冤》与莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》15．有西方学者在分析第二次鸦片战争爆发原因时说：“欧洲人渴望中国做出更大的让步以实现其贸易扩张。

”若对此进行补充，下列选项正确的是()A．西方国家希望通过“最恵国待遇”获得更多权益B．西方国家想借“修约”名义攫取更多的在华利益C．清朝政府没有遵守《南京条约》各项条款的规定D．总理衙门拒绝了西方提出的公使进驻北京的要求16．下面的史料中，数字符号表示部分句读的位置。

其中句读错误．．的是() 西人立国具有本①末虽礼乐教化远逊中华②然其驯致富强具有体③用育才于学堂论政于议院君民一体上下同心务实而戒虚④谋定而后动此其体也轮船大炮洋枪水雷铁路电线⑤此其用也中国遗其体而求⑥其用无论竭蹶步趋常不相及⑦就令铁舰成行铁路四达果足恃欤A．①②⑥B．①③⑥C．②④⑤D．③④⑦17．晚清重臣端方上奏朝廷称：要消灭革命党人，“唯有于政治上导以新希望”。

他所指的“新希望”是()A．利用义和团B．颁布明定国是诏C．预备立宪D．南北和谈18．南昌起义标志着中国共产党创建人民军队的开始。

1933年7月，中华苏维埃临时中央政府批准，将每年8月1日定为()A．国民革命军军人节B．中国工农红军成立纪念日C．中华苏维埃共和国成立纪念日D．中国人民解放军建军节19．新中国成立以来，非洲各国与中国有着密切的交往与合作。

其主要表现为，非洲发展中国家()①是中国重返联合国的重要推动力量②是中国50年代初主要建交对象③与中国共同发起不结盟运动④是上海合作组织的成员A．①B．①②C．①②③D．①②③④20．下表选项中，材料与结论之间逻辑关系正确的是()材料结论A 罗马法规定，债务人无力还债时，债主有权将他卖为奴隶古罗马的高利贷者政治地位很高B 1801－1844年，英国的伯明翰市人口从7.3万增加到20万19世纪初，英国的城市化进程发展迅速C 1860年，俄国的工厂中雇佣工人占61.4%当时资本主义的雇佣生产方式已经在俄国经济中占主导地位D 1910年，德国钢业联盟和铁业联盟的钢铁产量占全国总产量的98%当时德国已经出现了居于垄断地位的大企业组织21.英国“光荣革命”后的一系列法令，规定了国王不得违反某些法规，但对国王可以行使的权力却未明确规定。

2012年北京市高考英语试卷(含解析版)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)英语(考试时间:100分钟试卷满分:120分)考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话或独白你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?A.A newspaperB.A magazineC.A book答案是A。

1.Who answered the phone？A.MikeB.HenryC.Tom2.What’s the woman’s favourite food?A.Italian.B.Chinese.C.Indian3.When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?A.5:18am.B.6:10amC.8:50am4.What is the woman looking for?A.ZooB.TelephoneC.Tennis court5.What will the weather be like at the weekend?A.Cloudy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6.Where are the two speakers?A.In the hotel B In a shop C.In a restaurant7.How much did the man pay in the end?A.$115.B.$130C.$140听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）数学（文科）第一部分（选择题共40分）一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项. 1.已知集合{}320A x R x =∈+>，{}(1)(3)0B x R x x =∈+->，则A B = ( ) A ．(,1)-∞- B ．2(1,)3-- C ．2(,3)3-D ．(3,)+∞2.在复平面内，复数103i i+对应的点坐标为（）A ．（1,3）B ．（3,1）C ．(1,3-）D ．31-（，）3.设不等式组0202x y ≤≤⎧⎨≤≤⎩表示的平面区域为D.在区域D 内随机取一个点，则此点到坐标原点的距离大于2的概5.函数121()()2xf x x =-的零点个数为（）A ． 0B ． 1C ． 2D ． 3 6. 已知{}n a 为等比数列.下面结论中正确的是（）A ．1322a a a +≥B ．2221322a a a +≥C ．若13a a =，则12a a =D ．若31a a >，则42a a > 7. 某三棱锥的三视图如图所示，该三棱锥的表面积是（）A ．28+B ．30+C ．56+D ． 60+8. 某棵果树前n 年得总产量n S 与n 之间的关系如图所示，从目前记录的结果看，前m 年的年平均产量最高，m 的值为（）A ．5B ．C ． 9D ．11第二部分（非选择题共110分）二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分. 9.直线y x =被圆22(2)4x y +-=截得的弦长为 . 10.已知{}n a 为等差数列，n S 为其前n 项和.若112a =，23S a =，则2a = ；n S = .11. 在△ABC 中，若3a =，b =3A π∠=，则C ∠的大小为 .12.已知函数()lg f x x =，若()1f ab =，则22()()f a f b += .13.已知正方形ABCD 的边长为1，点E 是AB 边上的动点，则DE CB ⋅的值为 .14.已知()(2)(3)f x m x m x m =-++，()22xg x =-.若,()0x R f x ∀∈<或()0g x <，则m 的取值范围是 .三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共80分.解答应写出文字说明，演算步骤或证明过程. 15.（本小题13分）已知函数(sin cos)sin2 ()sinx x xf xx-=.（1）求()f x的定义域及最小正周期；（2）求()f x的单调递减区间.16. （本小题14分）如图1，在Rt△ABC中，∠C=90°，D,E分别是AC，AB上的中点，点F为线段CD上的一点.将△ADE沿DE折起到△A1DE的位置，使A1F⊥CD，如图2.（1）求证：DE∥平面A1CB;（2）求证：A1F⊥BE;（3）线段A1B上是否存在点Q,使A1C⊥平面DEQ？说明理由.17.（本小题13分）近年来，某市为了促进生活垃圾的分类处理，将生活垃圾分为厨余垃圾、可回收物和其他垃圾三类，并分别设置了相应的垃圾箱，为调查居民生活垃圾分类投放情况，现随机抽取了该市三类垃圾箱中总计1000吨生活垃圾，数据统计如下（单位：吨）：（1）试估计厨余垃圾投放正确的概率；（2）试估计生活垃圾投放错误的概率；（3）假设厨余垃圾在“厨余垃圾”箱、“可回收物”箱、“其他垃圾”箱的投放量分别为,,a b c ，其中0a >，600a b c ++=.当数据,,a b c 的方差2S 最大时，写出,,a b c 的值（结论不要求证明），并求此时2S 的值.（注：方差2222121[()()()]n s x x x x x x n=-+-++- ，其中x 为12,,n x x x 的平均数）18.（本小题13分）已知函数2()1f x ax =+（0a >），3()g x x bx =+.（1）若曲线()y f x =与曲线()y g x =在它们的交点（1，c ）处具有公共切线，求,a b 的值；（2）当3,9a b ==-时，求函数()()f x g x +在区间[,2]k 上的最大值为28，求k 的取值范围.19.（本小题14分）已知椭圆C :22221(0)x y a b ab+=>>的一个顶点为(2,0)A ，离心率为2.直线(1y k x =-）与椭圆C 交于不同的两点M,N . （Ⅰ）求椭圆C 的方程；（Ⅱ）当△AMN 3k 的值.20.（本小题13分）设A 是如下形式的2行3列的数表，满足：性质P ：,,,,,[1,1]a b c d e f ∈-，且0++++=a b c d e f +.记()i r A 为A 的第i 行各数之和1,2=i （），()j c A 为A 的第j 列各数之和1,2,3=j （）；记()k A 为1|()|r A ，2|()|r A ，1|()|c A ，2|()|c A ，3|()|c A 中的最小值. （1）对如下数表A,求()k A 的值；（2）设数表A 形如其中0-1d ≤≤.求()k A 的最大值；（3）对所以满足性质P 的2行3列的数表A,求()k A 的最大值。

2012年高考理综北京卷(含详细答案)

理科综合能力测试试卷第1页（共42页）理科综合能力测试试卷第2页（共42页）绝密★启用前 2012普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷共14页，300分。

考试时长150分钟。

考试生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

以下数据可供解题时参考：可能用到的相对原子质量：H —1 C —12 O —16 Na —23 Cl —35.5 Br —80第一部分（选择题共120分）本部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分，在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

1. 细胞中不能合成ATP 的部位是（）A. 线粒体的内膜B. 叶绿体中进行光反应的膜结构C. 内质网的膜D. 蓝藻（蓝细菌）中进行光反应的膜结构 2. 从生命活动的角度理解，人体的结构层次为（）A. 原子、分子、细胞器、细胞B. 细胞、组织、器官、系统C. 元素、无机物、有机物、细胞D. 个体、种群、群落、生态系统3. 金合欢蚁生活在金合欢树上，以金合欢树的花蜜等为食，同时也保护金合欢树免受其他植食性动物的伤害。

如果去除金合欢蚁，则金合欢树的生长减缓且存活率降低。

由此不能得出的推论是（）A. 金合欢蚁从金合欢树获得能量B. 金合欢蚁为自己驱逐竞争者C. 金合欢蚁为金合欢树驱逐竞争者D. 金合欢蚁和金合欢树共同（协同）进化4. 下图所示实验能够说明（）A. 病毒抗原诱导B 细胞分化的作用B. 浆细胞产生抗体的作用C. 病毒刺激淋巴细胞增殖的作用D. 效应T 淋巴细胞的作用5. 高中生物学实验中，在接种时不进行严格无菌操作对实验结果影响最大的一项是（）A. 将少许干酵母加入到新鲜的葡萄汁中B. 将毛霉菌液接种在切成小块的鲜豆腐上C. 将转基因植物叶片接种到无菌培养基上D. 将土壤浸出液涂布在无菌的选择培养基上 6. （）ABCD7. 下列解释实验现象的反应方程式正确的是（）A. 切开的金属Na 暴露在空气中，光亮表面逐渐变暗2222Na+O Na O B. 向AgCl 悬浊液中滴加2Na S 溶液，白色沉淀变成黑色 22 2AgCl+S Ag S Cl+2--↓C. 22Na O 在潮湿的空气中放置一段时间，变成白色黏稠物 222232 2Na O +2CO 2Na CO+O D. 向3NaHCO 溶液中加入过量的澄清石灰水，出现白色沉淀 2+23332 2HCO +Ca +2OH CaC O +CO +2H -----------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------姓名________________ 准考证号_____________理科综合能力测试试卷第3页（共42页）理科综合能力测试试卷第4页（共42页）8. 下列实验中，所选装置不合理的是（） A. 分离23Na CO 溶液和325CH COOC H ，选④B. 用4CCl 提取碘水中的碘，选③C. 用2FeCl 溶液吸收2Cl ，选⑤D. 粗盐提纯，选①和②9. 已知33As ，35Br 位于同一周期。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(答案)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)6.B小苏打的主要成分为NaHCO3,故B项错误。

7.B A项,切开的金属钠暴露在空气中,光亮表面变暗的原因是钠被氧化生成Na2O,反应方程式为4Na+O22Na2O,故A错误;C项,Na2O2放置在潮湿的空气中发生的反应有2Na2O2+2CO22Na2CO3+O2和2Na2O2+2H2O4NaOH+O2↑,故C错误;D项,向NaHCO3溶液中加入过量的澄清石灰水,出现白色沉淀的反应方程式为HC O3-+Ca2++OH-CaCO3↓+H2O,故D错误。

8.A Na2CO3溶液与CH3COOC2H5互不相溶,故应用分液的方法进行分离,选③装置。

9.C A项,原子半径As>P>Cl;B项,非金属性Cl>Br>As,所以热稳定性HCl>HBr>AsH3;D项,非金属性S>P>As,故酸性H2SO4>H3PO4>H3AsO4。

10.A浓HNO3具有挥发性和强氧化性,所以在①中可能发生反应:6I-+8H++2N O3-3I2+2NO↑+4H2O,使①中液体变为蓝色。

11.D A项,天然植物油的主要成分为高级脂肪酸甘油酯,有单甘油酯、混甘油酯等,属混合物,故无恒定的熔点、沸点;B 项,麦芽糖是还原型二糖,蔗糖不是还原型二糖;C项,H2N—R1—CONH—R2—COOH与H2N—R2—CONH—R1—COOH 互为同分异构体,水解产物相同;D项,乙醛能与酚类发生类似甲醛与苯酚的缩聚反应。

12.C电池总反应式为:2CO2+2H2O2HCOOH+O2。

负极:2H2O-4e-O2↑+4H+,正极:CO2+2H++2e-HCOOH。

A项,能量转换过程是太阳能先转化为电能,再转化为化学能;C项,催化剂a附近生成H+,酸性增强,催化剂b附近消耗H+,酸性减弱,故C项错误。

25.答案(1)SO2+H2O H2SO32H2SO3+O22H2SO4(2)2OH-+SO2H2O+S O32-(3)①酸HS O3-存在:HS O3-H++S O32-和HS O3-+H2O H2SO3+OH-,HS O3-的电离程度强于水解程度②ab(4)①HS O3-+H2O-2e-S O42-+3H+②H+在阴极得电子生成H2,溶液中c(H+)降低,促使HS O3-电离生成S O32-,且Na+进入阴极室,吸收液得以再生解析(3)①当n(S O32-)∶n(HS O3-)=9∶91时,对应的pH为6.2,可知NaHSO3溶液显酸性。

2012年北京高考化学试题及答案详解

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)理科综合能力测试可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 O 16 Na 23 Cl 35.5 Br 80第一部分(选择题共120分)本部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分.在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

6.下列用品的有效成分及用途对应错误的是【答案】B【解析】小苏打的有效成分为NaHCO3，可用于发酵食品。

【考点】化学与生活【题型】图形结合知识内容，与实际生活有关7.下列解释实验现象的反应方程式正确的是A．切开的金属Na暴露在空气中，光亮表面逐渐变暗2Na+O2=Na2O2B．向AgCl悬浊液中滴加Na2S溶液，白色沉淀变成黑色2AgC1+S2-=Ag2S↓+2C1-C．Na2O2在潮湿的空气中放置一段时间，变成白色粘稠物2Na2O2 +2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2D．向NaHCO3溶液中加入过量的澄清石灰水，出现白色沉淀2HCO3-+Ca2++2OH-=CaCO3↓+CO32-+2H2O【答案】B【解析】A.切开的金属Na在空气中变暗是因为Na与O2反应生成了Na2O，重点考的是反应条件B.由于Ag2S比AgCl更难溶，故加入Na2S溶液时发生沉淀转化，由一种难溶物质转化为一种更难溶的物质B 项正确，重点这是课改新加入的内容C.Na2O2在潮湿的空气中与H2O反应生成NaOH，重点考察信息读取“潮湿”D.项中澄清石灰水过量，反应后的溶液不会存在CO32－。

重点考察的是量的问题【考点】方程式正误判断沉淀转化，反应中量的问题，金属及金属化合物的性质【题型】方程式结合反应中的现象，文字叙述+方程式8.下列试验中，所选装置不合理的是A.分离Na2CO3溶液和CH3COOC2H5，选④B.用CC14提取碘水中的碘，选③C.用FeC12，溶液吸收C12选⑤D.粗盐提纯，选①和②【答案】A【解析】Na2CO3溶液和CH3COOCH2CH3互不相溶，应选用装置③来分液。

2012高考北京卷英语真题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话或独白你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaperB. A magazineC. A book答案是A。

1. Who answered the phone？A. MikeB. HenryC. Tom2. What’s the woman’s favourite food?A. Italian.B. Chinese.C. Indian3. When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?A. 5:18am.B.6:10amC.8:50am4. What is the woman looking for?A. ZooB. TelephoneC. Tennis court5. What will the weather be like at the weekend?A. Cloudy.B. Snowy.C. Sunny第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6. Where are the two speakers?A. In the hotel B In a shop C. In a restaurant7. How much did the man pay in the end?A. $115.B. $130C. $140听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

2012年高考英语北京卷-答案

2012年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语答案解析第一部分听力理解第一节1.【答案】A2.【答案】C3.【答案】B4.【答案】B5.【答案】C第二节6.【答案】A7.【答案】B8.【答案】C9.【答案】A10.【答案】C11.【答案】B12.【答案】C13.【答案】A14.【答案】A15.【答案】B第三节16.【答案】Ryefield17.【答案】320-428-7859/320428785918.【答案】monthly19.【答案】Moving/Move20.【答案】August/Aug.第二部分知识运用第一节单项填空21.【答案】A【解析】看前后逻辑关系选择词义符合的从属连词。

A是即使，B是好好像，C是以妨，D是如果……就。

22.【答案】C【解析】时间状语从句中的主将从现。

23.【答案】D【解析】and连接并列成分，所以选择和making形式一样的correcting。

24.【答案】C【解析】名词从句结构完整，不缺少含义，that不做成份没意义，A和B即做成份也有含义，D有含义不做成份。

25.【答案】B【解析】他没有来这个动作发生在过去，跟现在无关，用一般过去时态。

26.【答案】B【解析】非限定性定语从句，本题缺少was的标语，且空格前有逗号，应选which。

27.【答案】C【解析】第一步先看是主动还是被动判断出被动就可直接选C。

28.【答案】D【解析】however之后的内容应与前面的many产生呼应，有且只有D符合句意。

29.【答案】B【解析】被动，发生在过去。

30.【答案】D【解析】，动作发生在过去，所以一般过去时。

31.【答案】A【解析】本句是祈使句，所以选能充分谓语的动词原形，其他三个均为非谓语。

32.【答案】A【解析】目的还未发生，选不定式。

33.【答案】C【解析】情态动词对过去的推测用法，采用基本翻译译法，“我们本来能一起面对困难”。

34.【答案】D【解析】考介词本身含义，across表示“横穿、跨过”，想想裙子是如何穿的就能轻松解题。

2012年高考英语北京试题及答案(解析版)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第二部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分,共15分)从每题所给得A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处得最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:It’s so nice to hear from her again ______, we last met more than thirty years ago、A、What’s moreB、That’s to sayC、In other wordsD、Believe it or not答案就是D。

21、—Look at those clouds!—Don’t worry、______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time、A、Even ifB、As thoughC、In caseD、If only22、By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold、A、getsB、has gotC、will getD、is getting23、One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them、A、correctsB、correctC、to correctD、correcting24、Jerry did not regret giving the ment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently、A、whyB、howC、thatD、whether25、George said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he ______、A、wouldn’tB、didn’tC、hasn’tD、hadn’t26、When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was,he would forget all about eatingor sleeping、A、thatB、whichC、whereD、when27、_______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks、A、UseB、UsingC、UsedD、To use28、Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____、A、someB、lessC、muchD、more29、—Have you heard about that fire in the market?— Yes, fortunately no one _____、A、hurtB、was hurtC、has hurtD、had been hurt30、Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed、A、had developedB、was developingC、would developD、developed31、______ at the door before you enter my room, please、A、KnockB、KnockingC、KnockedD、To knock33、We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?A、should faceB、might faceC、could have facedD、must have faced34、Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?A、atB、onC、toD、across35、Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel、A、isB、wereC、has beenD、had been[答案及解析]21.A 考从属连词,解题方法,瞧前后逻辑关系选择词义符合得从属连词。

2012年北京高考英语试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)本试卷共16页,共150分,考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解(共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有一道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话或独白后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话或独白你将听一遍.例：What is the man going to read？A. A newspaperB. A magazineC。

A book答案是A.1. Who answered the phone？A. Mike B。

Henry C。

Tom2. What's the woman's favourite food?A. Italian.B. Chinese。

C. Indian3. When does the first flight arrive in Detroit？A. 5：18am。

B.6：10amC.8:50am4. What is the woman looking for？A. ZooB. TelephoneC. Tennis court5. What will the weather be like at the weekend?A. Cloudy. B。

Snowy。

C. Sunny第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6. Where are the two speakers？A. In the hotel B In a shop C. In a restaurant7. How much did the man pay in the end？A. ＄115. B。

(详细校对版)2012高考北京卷及参考答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（北京卷）本试卷共8页，150分，考试时长150分钟，考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

1.下列词语中，字形和加点字的读音全部都正确的一项是（）A．辍笔谈笑风生间（jiàn）或李代桃僵（jiāng）B. 针灸仗义直言蹙（chù）额毛骨悚（sǒng）然C. 蹂躏再接再励檄（xí）文百舸（kě）争流D．垫付绿草如荫游说（shuǐ）乳臭（chòu）未干2.下列句子中，没有病句的一项是（）A．据悉，一种新型的袖珍电脑将亮相本届科博会，它采用语言输入、太阳能供电，具有高雅、时尚、方便、环保的功能和作用。

B．依据欧洲银行已完成的压力测试结果显示，各国接受测试的91家大小银行，只有7家未能符合规定的6%的一级资本比率。

C. 老北京四合院处于皇城天子脚下，受到等级制度的严格约束，在形制、格局方面难免会有些千篇一律，显得呆板而缺乏创意。

D. 大型情景音舞诗画《天安门》，一开场就采用“幻影成像”与舞台真人的互动，营造远古“北京人”穿越时空向人们跑来。

3.在文中横线处填入下列词语，正确的一项是（）菜籽油含有亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸等三种人体________的脂肪酸，还有油酸。

籽油能______胆固醇在小肠的吸收，还能促进肝内胆固醇的降解和排出，因此，对______心血管病的发生有一定作用。

A．必须抑止防治 B.必须抑制防止C. 必需抑止防治D.必需抑制防止4.在文中横线处填入下列语句，衔接恰当的一项是（）如果有黑洞撞向地球，那么__________。

当然，你听到的不是声波，而是引力波，因为_______。

当黑洞靠近时，引力波会“挤压”内耳骨，产生类似照相机闪光灯充电时发出的咝咝声。

尽管天文学家认为，_________，但正常情况下，__________。

2012年普通高等学校招生统一考试(北京卷)

2012年普通高等学校招生统一考试(北京卷) 12．秦汉至明代，商人长期处于社会底层。

一个重要原因是统治阶层认为商人() A．不事生产B．不尊儒术C．不敬宗族D．不纳租税13．下图是中国某一朝代都城内中枢机构的分布示意图。

他所指的“新希望”是()A．利用义和团B．颁布明定国是诏C．预备立宪D．南北和谈18．南昌起义标志着中国共产党创建人民军队的开始。

其主要表现为，非洲发展中国家()①是中国重返联合国的重要推动力量②是中国50年代初主要建交对象③与中国共同发起不结盟运动④是上海合作组织的成员A．①B．①②C．①②③D．①②③④20．下表选项中，材料与结论之间逻辑关系正确的是()21.的权力却未明确规定。

2012年北京市高考英语试卷含答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ______, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

21. —Look at those clouds!—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.A. Even ifB.As thoughC. In caseD. If only22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.A. getsB. has gotC. will getD.is getting23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.A. correctsB. correctC.to correctD. correcting24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.A. wouldn’tB. didn’tC. hasn’tD. hadn’t26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating orsleeping.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.A. someB. lessC. muchD. more29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market?— Yes, fortunately no one _____.A. hurtB. was hurtC. has hurtD. had been hurt30. Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developedB. was developingC. would developD. developed31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. KnockB. KnockingC. KnockedD. To knock33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced34. Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?A. atB. onC. toD. across35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）Inspiration―Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of th ose!‖ I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my __36__ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was __37__ to more, my interests in the world of dance __38__ varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a __39__ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a __40__; I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely __42__ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief __43__ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually __44__ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely __45__. I remember shaking with excitement.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of __46__. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to __47__ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme __48__ to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us __49__. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals __50__ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new __51__ of the words ―hard work.‖ What I thought were my physical __52__ were pushed much further than I thought __53__. I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great __54__ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a __55__ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently39. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking42. A. lacks B. adds C. makes D. brings43. A. while B. since C. until D. when44. A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided45. A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished46. A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures47. A. put B. mix C. build D. pick48. A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation49. A. apart B. aside C. off D. back50. A. over B. by C. with D. beyond51. A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage52. A. boundaries B. problems C. barriers D. efforts53. A. necessary B. perfect C. proper D. possible54. A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility55. A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）AThe Basics of Math—Made ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to ―make sense‖ of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored b y Kentucky Educational Television as ―the best math teacher in America,‖ is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?A. Algebra.B. College Mathematics.C. Arithmetic.D. Mathematics Education.57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?A. Stronger imaginative ability.B. Additional presentation skills.C. More mathematical confidence.D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.C. He works in Georgia State University.D. He specializes in training teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?A. A news report.B. A book reviewC. A lesson plan.D. An advertisementBPeanuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. ―What could be causing everyone to act this way?‖Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, ―My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.‖ The w hole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around.I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!60. What did the author’s classmates think about his report?A. Controversial.B. Ridiculous.C. Boring.D. Puzzling.61. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with American history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teacher’s instruction.D. He was new at the school.62. The underlined word ―burning‖ in Para. 3 probably means _______.A. annoyedB. ashamedC. readyD. eager63. In the end, the author turned things around _______.A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with the help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmasterCDecision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.―Stress affects how people learn,‖ says Professor Mara Mather. ―People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.‖For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risksDWilderness―In wilderness(荒野) is the preservat ion of the world.‖ This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ‖ecosystem services‖ far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.67. John Sauven holds that_____.A. many people value nature too muchB. exploitation of wildernesses is harmfulC. wildernesses provide humans with necessitiesD. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong68. What is the main idea of Para. 3?A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.69. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?A. Objective.B. Disapproving.C. Sceptical.D. Optimistic.70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?A. B.C. D.CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ ―Academics are important.But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,‖ she says.What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a ―sharing circle‖ with your family, orspend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, theresearchers said.C. ―One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,‖Freed says.D. Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they thinkand how they feel.F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of ―emotional intelligence‖ that willhelp you succeed in many areas of life.G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and havingempathy is decisive to those relationships.第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节情景作文（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展―续写雷锋日记‖活动。

2012年高考语文北京卷-答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)语文答案解析一1.【答案】A【解析】B项：仗义执言；蹙（cù）额。

C项：再接再厉；百舸（gě）争流。

D项：绿草如茵；乳臭（xiù）未干。

【考点】识记并正确书写现代常用规范汉字与识记现代汉语普通话常用字的字音。

2.【答案】C【解析】A项搭配不当。

“高雅、时尚、方便”不属于“功能和作用”B项结构混乱。

“依据欧洲银行已完成的压力测试结果显示”句式杂糅，“依……结果”或“……结果显示”保留一个即可。

D项成分残缺。

“营造出”缺少宾语中心语。

【考点】辨析病句。

3.【答案】D【解析】必须/必需：必须，一是指一定需要，不可缺少；二是指一定要，表示事理和情理上的必要；三是指必定，表示判断或推论的确凿或必然。

这是一个副词，侧重于“应当怎样”。

必需，非有不可的，指一定要有，不可缺少。

这是一个动词，侧重于“不可或缺”。

“必须”只能做状语而不能做定语，根据语境，第一处应填“必需”。

抑止/抑制：抑止，指制止，遏止。

抑制，一是指约束，压制，即控制约束行为或意识，使不能为所欲为；二是生理学名词，指大脑皮层的两种基本神经活动过程之一，是在外部或内部刺激下产生的阻止皮层的兴奋和器官机能的活动。

“胆固醇在小肠的吸收”只能“（控）制”不能“（制）止”，根据语境，第二处应填“抑制”。

防治/防止：防治，一是指预防和治疗(疾病、病虫害等)；二是指预防和治理。

防止，指防备制止，即事先行动或做好准备以阻止某事的发生或可能发生（如灾难）或某事的成功（如计划）。

第三处所支配的宾语是“心血管病的发生”，中心语是“发生”，“发生”只能“防止”而不能“防治”，故第三处应填“防止”。

【考点】正确使用词语近义实词和近义虚词的能力。

4.【答案】B【解析】解答本题，关键在于准确把握陈述的话题。

细读原文，可知语段陈述的话题是“引力波”。

根据后文“当然，你听到的不是声波，而是引力波”“当黑洞靠近时，引力波会‘挤压’内耳骨”等句反推，第一处应该填②，第二处应该填④。

2012年北京高考数学试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学(理)(北京卷)本试卷共5页. 150分.考试时长120分钟.考试生务必将答案答在答题卡上.在试卷上作答无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分(选择题共40分)一、选择题共8小题。

每小题5分.共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合胜目要求的一项.1．已知集合A={x ∈R|3x+2＞0} B={x ∈R|（x+1）(x-3)＞0} 则A ∩B=A （-∞，-1）B （-1，-23） C （-23,3）D (3,+∞) 【解析】和往年一样，依然的集合(交集)运算，本次考查的是一次和二次不等式的解法。

因为32}023|{->⇒>+∈=x x R x A ，利用二次不等式可得1|{-<=x x B 或}3>x 画出数轴易得：}3|{>=x x B A ．故选D ．【答案】D 2．设不等式组⎩⎨⎧≤≤≤≤20,20y x ，表示平面区域为D ，在区域D 内随机取一个点，则此点到坐标原点的距离大于2的概率是（A ）4π （B ）22π- （C ）6π （D ）44π-【解析】题目中⎩⎨⎧≤≤≤≤2020y x 表示的区域如图正方形所示，而动点D 可以存在的位置为正方形面积减去四分之一圆的面积部分，因此4422241222ππ-=⨯⋅-⨯=P ，故选D 。

【答案】D3．设a ，b ∈R 。

“a=0”是“复数a+bi 是纯虚数”的（）A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【解析】当0=a 时，如果0=b 同时等于零，此时0=+bi a 是实数，不是纯虚数，因此不是充分条件；而如果bi a +已经为纯虚数，由定义实部为零，虚部不为零可以得到0=a ，因此想必要条件，故选B 。

【答案】B4．执行如图所示的程序框图，输出的S 值为（）A. 2 B .4 C.8 D. 16【解析】0=k ，11=⇒=k s ，21=⇒=k s ，22=⇒=k s ，8=s ，循环结束，输出的s 为8，故选C 。

2012年语文高考试题答案及解析-北京

一、选择题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

1.下列词语中，字形和加点字的读音全部都正确的一项是（）A．辍笔谈笑风生间．（jiàn）或李代桃僵．（jiáng）B. 针灸仗义执言蹙．（chù）额毛骨悚．（sòng）然C. 蹂躏再接再励檄．（xí）文百舸．（gě）争流D．垫付绿草如茵游说．（shuǐ）乳臭．（chòu）未干2.下列句子中，没有病句的一项是（）A．据悉，一种新型的袖珍电脑将亮相本届科博会，它采用语言输入、太阳能供电，具体高雅、时尚、方面、环保的功能和作用。

B．依据欧洲银行已完成的压力测试结果显示，各国接受测试的91家大小银行，只用7加未能符合规定的6%的一级资本比率。

C. 老北京四合院处于皇城天子脚下，受到等级制度的严格约束，在形制，格局方面难免会用千篇一律，显得呆板而缺乏创意。

D. 大型情景剧音舞诗画《天安门》，一开就采用“幻影成像”与舞台真人的互动，营造远古“北京人”穿越时空向人们跑来。

3.在文中横线处填入下列词语，正确的一项是（）菜籽油含有亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸等三种人体________的脂肪酸，还有油酸。

籽油能______胆固醇在小肠的吸收，还能促进肝内胆固醇的降解和排出，因此，对______心血管病的发生有一定作用。

A．必须抑止防治 B.必须抑制防止C. 必需抑止防治D.必需抑制防止4.在文中横线出填入下列语句，衔接恰当的一项时是（）如果有黑洞撞向地球，那么__________。

当然，你听到的不是声波，而是引力波，因为_______。

当黑洞靠近时，引力波会“挤压”内耳骨，产生类似照相机闪光灯充电是发出的咝咝声。

尽管天文学家认为，_________，但正常情况下，__________。

2012年高考试题——文综(北京卷)Word版含答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试（北京卷）本试卷共13页，共300分，考试时长150分钟，考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（选择题共140分）本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项，2012年7月27日～8月12日，第30届夏季奥运会将在英国伦敦举行。

读图Ⅰ，回答第1～3题。

1．在7、8月份，伦敦比北京A．气温高，日差较大B．风小雾大，降水多C．正午太阳高度角小D．日出短，昼短夜长2．英国A．地处亚欧板块和美洲板块交界处B．西部海岸线曲折，珊瑚礁发育好C．地形以高原为主，地势西高东低D．多数河流短，含沙少，无结冰期3．途径该区域的洋流A．能使北美洲至欧洲的海伦航行速度加快B．造成欧洲西部地区气温高、湿度降低C．进入到北冰洋海域，使当地能见度变好D．在与其他洋流的海域不易形成渔场图2为某山地的垂直带谱示意图。

读图，回答第4、5题。

4．图中所示山地A．各自然带的界线随季节变化而移动B．北坡热量条件差，林带上届比南坡低C．南坡冰雪带下界因降水量大而较低D．南北坡山麓水平距离造成基带差异大5．该山地位于A．喜马拉雅山B．天山山脉C．祁连山脉D．昆仑山脉图3为东非高原基塔莱和多多马的降水资料及两地之间游牧路线示意图。

读图，回答第6、7题。

6．该游牧活动A．需要穿越热带雨林B．随着雨季南北移动C．向南可至南回归线D．易受飓风灾害侵扰7．游牧至甲地的时间最可能是A．1月B．4月C．7月D．10月图4是某地区大地震后救灾工作程序示意图。

读图，回答第8、9题。

8．图中所示救灾工作程序还可能适用于A．鼠害B．洪涝C．旱灾D．寒潮9．为降低大城市震后救灾活动强度，应采取的主要防灾减灾措施包括①完善城市功能区划②调整产业结构③人口外迁④房屋加固⑤组建志愿者队伍⑥避灾自救技能培训A．①②③④B．②③④⑤C．③④⑤⑥D．①④⑤⑥图5为温带某景区导游图。