2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练语文
陕西省西北工业大学附属中学高三语文第十次适应性考试试题
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第十次适应性训练语文本试卷分为第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
陋劣之中有至好——谈审丑快感童庆炳人们不难发现,在艺术创作中,丑成了一个重要的描写对象。
照理,丑的东西只能使人厌恶,何以某些丑的东西进入艺术作品,倒给人们带来美感呢?“嘴甜心苦,两面三刀,上头一脸笑,脚下使绊子,明是一盆火,暗是一把刀”的王熙凤,其卑污的灵魂难道不让人恨得咬牙切齿吗?为什么读者在手捧《红楼梦》之际,又会产生“骂凤姐,恨凤姐,不见凤姐想凤姐”的心理呢?或者说生活丑怎么会变成艺术美呢?这实际上是一个审丑快感问题。
丑作为一种艺术内容是怎样引起我们的快感的呢?这可以从以下三点加以说明:第一,丑是一种背景,用来衬托美的丽质。
无论在生活中还是在艺术中,美的东西都不是孤立的存在。
美的东西总是同丑的东西相比较而存在、相斗争而发展的。
心理学的实验证明,对比效应是人感知事物的一大特征。
高个子在矮个子旁边显得更高;白色在黑色包围中显得更白;健美置身于病态旁显得更健美;崇高与卑劣相比较显得更崇高;美与丑相对照显得更美。
在我国的古代诗歌中,把丑作为一种背景,用以衬托美的写法,是屡见不鲜的。
如刘禹锡的“沉舟侧畔千帆过,病树前头万木春”,以“沉舟”的死静来衬托“千帆”竞发的生动,以“病树”的病态来衬托“万木”争春的壮美。
生动因有死静相与共而显得更生动,壮美因有病态相陪伴而显得壮美。
这就是说,丑还是丑,但丑作为陪衬而成为美的条件,成为美的一个源泉。
这也就是艺术家在自己的作品中把阴影掺入光明,把滑稽丑怪置于优美崇高之旁的一个重要原因。
第二,丑往往比美更能揭示内在的真实,更能激发深刻的美感。
丑的对象,其外在的形态对审美感官具有阻拒性,它不会顺利地给人们带来快感。
但它却具有一种吸引力,而且促使人们从对象的外在表象中解脱出来,而去关注与追寻对象内部蕴含的意味,这样,丑的对象就给人带来一种更深刻、更震撼人心的美感。
陕西省西工大附中2013届高三上学期第二次适应性训练文综试题
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练文科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共140分)本卷共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1951—2000年的近50年来,我国的干湿分界线存在明显的摆动。
图1为该50年内干湿分界线位置变幅最大地区之一的变化图示。
读图完成1~2题。
1.近50年干湿区界线位置A.呈南北摆动且有东移的趋势B.东西摆动最大幅度约230kmC.呈东西摆动且有北移的趋势D.南北摆动最大幅度约330 km2.图示界线变化范围所在地区可见A.风吹草低见牛羊B.工人正伐运林木C.多石油钻井平台D.村居中多见窑洞下图2中a,b,c线为等压线,箭头表示A地风向,d,e线为等温线,g、f、h线为等高线。
读图回答3~4题。
3.根据图中信息可以推断A.a<c B.d>e C.图中湖泊可能为咸水湖D.从②引水灌溉比①有利4.若此时A地多云,即将迎来的天气变化可能为A.晴朗、气温升高、气压降低B.晴朗、气温降低、气压升高C.阴雨、气温降低、气压升高D.阴雨、气温升高、气压降低虚拟水是指生产商品和服务所需要的水资源数量。
读表完成5~6题。
表1:以色列1999年部分农产品的虚拟水含量A.园艺业为主B.粮食种植业为主C.乳畜业为主D.家禽饲养业6.从虚拟水角度看,我国西北干旱地区应①大量引入水密集型的产品②发展高效节水业③调整农业结构④优化饮食结构⑤充分开采地下水⑥大规模引用高山融雪水A.②⑤⑥B.②③⑥C.①②③⑤D.①②③④读下面两图完成7~8题。
7.上面右图图示范围地形以A.以高原为主B.以盆地为主C.以平原为主D.山地为主8.左图中山腰处公路建设明显类似右图中哪处公路A.a处B.b处C.c处D.d处9.果蔬宅配是客户通过电子商务平台,订购水果、蔬菜类农产品,并在指定时间、指定地点获得相关物品的服务。
读“某果蔬宅配公司组织结构及流程示意图”,图中甲、乙、丙、丁依次表示①商务订购平台②果蔬种植基地③客户④果蔬宅配中心A.①②③④B.③①④②C.③④①② D.②④③①下图5为乌拉尔河水系示意图,①②③为三个水文观测站。
2016年西安交大附中第二次中考模拟考试语文试题
西安交大附中初2016届第二次模拟考试语文试题(考试时间150分钟满分:120分)一、积累与运用(共 6小题,计 17分)1.下列各组词语中,加点字的读音全都正确的一组是( )(2分)A.猖獗.(juã) 处.罚 (chǔ) 打量.(liàng) 大而无当.(dàng)B.克.扣(kâ) 谰.言(lán) 炮.制(pào) 明眸善睐.(lài)C.翘.首(qiáo) 瞥.见(piē) 纨.绔(wán) 期期艾.艾(ài)D.芜.杂(wū) 膝.盖(xī) 晕.船(yùn) 毋.庸置疑(wú)2.下列各组词语中,汉字书写全都正确的一项是()(2分)A.雄踞袖珍休憩循循善诱B.燥动执著赃物一泻千里C.逶迤意测踊跃一碧万顷D.昳丽眼睑峥嵘实是求事3.下列各句判断有误的一项是( )(2分)A.“我的心在瘦骨嶙峋的胸膛里咚咚直跳。
”的句子主干是“心跳”。
B.“制造”“报答”“维护”“沸腾”这几个词词性相同。
C.“于是与亮情好日密”“孔乙己的身体日渐衰弱”两句中“日”都作状语。
D.“志存高远、脚踏实地、全力以赴、决胜中考”中的动宾短语有三个。
4.经典诗文默写。
(任选一组,如果两组都做,以A组为准)(6分)【A组】(1)参差荇菜,左右采之。
窈窕淑女,________,良多趣味。
(《关雎》)(2)______,悠然见南山。
(陶潜《饮酒》)(3)______,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
(崔颢《黄鹤楼》)(4)_____,弓如霹雳弦惊。
(辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》)(5)青树翠蔓,______,参差批拂。
(柳宗元《小石潭记》)(6)哦,那么多灿烂的、______!(郭沫若《雷电颂》)【B组】(1)蒹葭苍苍,白露未晞。
所谓伊人,____。
(《蒹葭》)(2)潮平两岸阔,_______。
(王湾《次北固山下》)(3)______,家书抵万金。
陕西省西工大附中高三语文第二次适应性训练题
陕西省西工大附中2012届高三语文第二次适应性训练题第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
提笔忘字:科技进步导致文化衰退?陈雍君日前美国《洛杉矶时报》的一则报道一石激起千层浪:“由于使用拼音发手机短信及电脑打字正在取代拥有数千年传统的一笔一画汉字书写,越来越多的中国人不记得如何用笔书写汉字。
”显然“提笔忘字”不是个别现象,否则也不会吸引国内诸多媒体纷纷发表报道和评论。
虽然现在用得着手写的地方越来越少,但在偶尔出现需要的时候,如写个便条,填个表格,答个试卷等等,“提笔忘字”却并非偶尔。
此时,人们的解决之道颇为典型:不再去翻《新华字典》,而是掏出手机按几个键,用拼音打出忘了的字。
“键盘依赖症”,就是这样活灵活现。
其实,自从选择了现代化发展之路,汉字手写被更为高效和标准的键盘输入所替代就是必然结果。
御牛耕地,烧火做饭,这些中国人千百年来赖以糊口吃饭的基本技能,都在逐渐退出历史舞台。
生存和生活技能的更新换代,是人类文明逐渐进步的伴随现象,这是生产力不断上升的结果,是历史的必然。
然而,对于汉字书写的淡忘,却绝对是中华文化──至少是传统文化的衰退。
相对于其他生存和生活技能,汉字书写还担负着重要的文化传承作用,因为中国文化之精髓所在就寄托在汉字字形和书写汉字的手脑配合之中。
这是汉字区别于其他字母类文字的地方,也是台湾地区力主要把繁体汉字申报为世界遗产的原因之一。
倘若大部分中国人都不再会手书汉字,将是以汉字为基础的中国文化的重大缺失。
作家王蒙曾言:“遗失了中国的传统文化之精髓与汉字原形,我们成了数典忘祖的新文盲。
”可是,避免成为“新文盲”的目标绝不是一纸政令或者法律法规所能达成的。
今天的人们虽然偶尔还会发出“原来你写的一手好字啊”这样的惊叹,但基本上人们已经淡忘隽秀字体所带来的荣光。
因为,写一手好字已经失去了当年的实际作用,比如找到更好的工作甚至找到更好的对象;因为,写一手好字并不能与现在的办公自动化“无缝衔接”,这是实用主义的选择。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第一次适应性训练语文
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第一次适应性训练语文本试卷分为第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面文字,完成1--3题。
文学活动与物质生产活动的关系原始文艺的产生离不开原始人物质生产所提供的客观条件。
在那个生产力水平极其低下的远古时代,人类不得不为抵御和战胜自然而把获得生存的劳动当作第一需要,由此派生出来的人类的思想、情感、意识、欲望,乃至早期的雕刻、绘画、歌舞等文艺活动,不但须臾离不开劳动生活,而且还与实际的劳动融为一体。
原始文艺对劳动的这种从属关系,反映了人类在还不能真正支配自然的历史条件下,造成了原始文艺具有物质功利的普遍特质。
包括神话在内的史前艺术,虽从物质生产活动中产生了初始的想象和情感体验,但这种想象和情感体验始终以对实际生产活动的直接或间接的反映为目的,还不具备独立的审美观照与创造的性质。
人类学家和考古学家对远古时代岩画和其他艺术遗迹的发现,进一步证实了那些艺术品都是以当时人类的劳动活动或生产对象为基本内容的,所反映的范围及表现形式,也是受当时生产方式及工具制造的水平所制约的。
随着人类从野蛮人向文明人的漫长的历史演化,特别是伴随着人类劳动范围的不断扩展和生产技术的进步,史前艺术在得到充分发展之后,终于过渡到真正的艺术的时代。
人化自然的劳动既改造了自然界,又改造和发展了人本身,使人获得了物质机能的发展和精神世界的形成和丰富;从而使人的需要由生理的走向心理的,由个人的走向社会的,由实用功利的走向精神的、审美的;同时,也使人的本质力量从单纯的物质创造力发展成为包括审美创造力在内的具有复合结构的实践主体。
于是,人的精神世界随着人类劳动实践的发展而终于从混沌的物质世界中分离出来;建立在审美观照基础上的想象和美感也开始获得了审美的属性;作为人类精神活动的特殊形态的文艺活动也逐渐形成了自身的独立地位。
阅读及参考答案__ 文学活动与物质生产活动的关系阅读及参考答案__ 文学活动与物质生产活动的关系。
陕西省西北工业大学附属中学2016届高三语文第九次适应性考试试题资料
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第九次适应性训练语文第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—3题。
科学的实践活动──观察和实验等不是为了要达到什么实用目的,完全是为了认识:获取资料和进行验证。
如果从中得到什么,那也不过是副产品而已。
科学的特征是自由探索,到达什么领域,得到什么结果,预先所知甚少或根本一无所知。
以明确的目的去限定科学就是预先设定了结果。
著名科学史家萨顿称一部科学史“……描述了漫长而无止境的为思想自由,为思想免于暴力、专横错误和迷信可斗争的历史”。
科学被捆绑的结果是,不仅科学,而且整个社会淡化甚至丧失了自由探索和批判的精神,丧失了对日常事物的怀疑和批判,以及对根本出发点和终极目标的探求。
科学为各种技术揭示普遍和一致的原理,提供共同的平台。
与技术捆绑在一起的科学做不到这一点,难以为不同的技术找到普适的理论基础;相反被不同技术的个性、初始和边界条件所限定。
技术若无理论指引,难免目光短浅,甚至与整体和长远目标相冲突,表面上达到了暂时和局部的目标,在各显神通的情况下,彼此间发生矛盾。
同时,还要付出一再试错的成本或所谓“学费”,有些后果不可逆转。
此外,这样的技术也只能就事论事,不能举一反三。
没有达到原理层的“推己及人”,完全可能因缺乏共同的平台而不能适用甚至招致失败。
在科学和技术螺旋式的发展过程中,科学不仅以自然现象,而且也以技术所提供的经验素材为研究对象。
只有科学对技术中出现的普遍问题进行提炼并上升到一般的高度,技术方能获得进一步的发展。
尤其在当前,技术在各方面的负面效应逐步呈现出来,要求科学能提供生态学的观念和知识,以强化技术的生态和社会效益。
显然,没有相对独立的自由研究的科学,技术就难以推动社会的持续发展。
科学将自然中各具个性、具有不同初始条件、处于各异的环境之中,以及由种种表现形式的对象抽象提炼为一致的事实和规律;然后技术在特定目的的引导下在各个环节──可行性研究、技术评价、设计、中试、投产以及售后服务等各个环节对科学原理和科学规律选择,然后再作用于自然界,以得到能满足“本土”、“地方”及个人的特殊需要的产品和服务。
高考专题高考全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练.docx
2016年高考全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练文科数学第一部分(选择题 共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项 是符合题目要求的.1.抛物线23y x =的焦点坐标是( ) A .3,04⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ B .30,4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ C .10,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ D .1,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭2.等差数列{}n a 的公差为2,若134,,a a a 成等比数列,则2a =( ) A .-2 B .-6 C .-8 D .-103.设1332,log 2,cos100a b c ===,则( )A .c b a >>B .a c b >>C .c a b >>D .a b c >> 4.下列命题中,假命题是( )A .“π是函数sin y x =的一个周期”或“2π是函数cos y x =的一个周期”B .“0m >”是“函数()()2log 1f x m x x =+≥不存在零点”的充分不必要条件C .“若a b ≤,则221a b≤-”的否命题D .“任意()0,a ∈+∞,函数xy a =在定义域内单调递增”的否定5.一个四棱锥的侧棱长都相等,底面是正方形,其正(主)视图如图所示,则该四棱锥侧面积是( )A .45B .65C .()451+ D .86.已知函数()21f x ax =-的图像在点()()1,1A f 处的切线l 与直线820x y -+=平行,若数列()1f n ⎧⎫⎪⎪⎨⎬⎪⎪⎩⎭的前n 项和为n S ,则2015S 的值为( ) A .40304031 B .20144029 C .20154031 D .403040317.在同一坐标系中,函数()()(0),log a a f x x x g x x =>=的图象可能是( )A .B .C .D .8.设复数()()1,0z x yi x R y =-+∈≥,若1z ≤,则y x ≥的概率为( ) A .3142π+ B .1142π- C .112π+ D .112π- 9.已知圆的方程为()2214x y +-=,若过点11,2P ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直线l 与此圆交于,A B 两点,圆心为C ,则当ACB ∠最小时,直线l 的方程为( )A .4230x y --=B .220x y +-=C .4230x y +-=D .220x y -+=10.对一名学生8次的数学成绩进行了统计,第i 次统计得到的数据为i a ,具体如下表所示:i1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8i a 100 101 103 103 104 106 107 108在对上述统计数据的分析中,一部分计算见如图所示的算法流程图(其中a 是这8个数据的平均数),则输出的S 的值是( )A .9B .8C .7D .611.已知11,,,,44AB AC AB AC t t t ⎡⎤⊥==∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,若P 是ABC ∆所在平面内一点,且4AB AC AP ABAC=+,则PB PC 的取值范围是( )A .[]13,17B .[]12,13C .3,124⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦ D .3,134⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦12.已知定义在[)1,+∞上的函数()348,1221,222x x f x x f x ⎧--≤≤⎪⎪=⎨⎛⎫⎪> ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩,当()1*2,2n n x n N -⎡⎤∈∈⎣⎦时,函数()f x 的图象与x 轴围成的图形面积为n S ,则12n S S S +++=( )A .2nB .2nC .122n +- D .2n n +第二部分(非选择题 共90分)二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分,将答案填在答题纸上)13.已知集合(){}{}|lg ,|12A x y a x B x x ==-=<<,且()R C B A R =,则实数a 的取值范围是________.14.已知双曲线()22122:10,0x y C a b a b -=>>的离心率为2,则双曲线22222:1y x C b a-=的离心率为________.15.在ABC ∆中,角,,A B C 对应的边分别是,,a b c ,已知2,sin 2sin 2sin b c A C B =+=,则cos A =_________.16.已知点(),A a b 与点()1,0B 在直线34100x y -+=的两侧,给出下列说法:①34100a b -+>;②当0a >时,a b +有最小值,无最大值;③222a b +>;④当0a >且1,0a b ≠>时,1b a -的取值范围是53,,24⎛⎫⎛⎫-∞-+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.其中所有正确说法的序号是__________.三、解答题 (本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17.(本小题满分12分) 已知函数()sin 2sin 2cos 266f x x x x a ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=++--+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(,a R a ∈为常数). (1)求函数()f x 的最小正周期和单调增区间;(2)若函数()f x 的图象向左平移()0m m >个单位后,得到函数()g x 的图象关于y 轴对称,求实数m 的最小值.18.(本小题满分12分)某校对高一1班同学按照“国家学生体质健康数据测试”项目按百分制进行了测试,并对50分以上的成绩进行统一,其频率分布直方图如图所示,若90100分数段的人数为2人.(1)请求出7080分数段的人数;(2)现根据测试成绩从第一组和第五组(从低分段到高分段依次为第一组、第二组、…、第五组)中任意选出两人为一组,若选出的两人成绩差大于20,则称该组为“搭档组”,试求选出的两人为“搭档组”的概率.19.(本小题满分12分)如图所示,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,PD ⊥平面,ABCD AB DC ,已知228,245BD AD PD AB DC =====.(1)设M 是PC 上一点,证明:平面MBD ⊥平面PAD ; (2)若M 是PC 的中点,求三棱锥P DMB -的体积. 20.(本小题满分12分)设12,F F 是椭圆()22:220C x y λλ+=>的左、右焦点,P 是椭圆C 上任意一点. (1)记12F PF θ∠=,求证:cos 0θ≥;(2)若()11,0F -,点()2,0N -,已知椭圆C 上的两个动点,A B 满足NA NB μ=,当11,53μ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时,求直线AB 斜率的取值范围. 21.(本小题满分12分)已知函数()()ln 0f x kx x k =≠有极小值1e-. (1)求实数k 的值; (2)设函数()12x g x x e-=-.证明:当0x >时,()()xe f x g x >.请考生在22、23、24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.22.(本小题满分10分)选修4-1:几何证明选讲如图,在ABC ∆中,090ABC ∠=,以AB 为直径的圆O 交AC 于点E ,点D 是BC 边的中点,连接OD 交圆O 于点M .(1)求证:DE 是圆O 的切线;(2)求证:DE BC DM AC DM AB =+. 23. (本小题满分10分)选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线l 的参数方程是22222x t y t ⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩(t 为参数),以原点O 为极点,以x 轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,已知圆C 的极坐标方程42cos 4πρθ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭. (1)将圆C 的极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程;(2)若直线l 与圆C 交于,A B 两点,点P 的坐标为()2,0,试求11PB PB+的值. 24. (本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲 已知不等式2326t t m m +--≤-对任意t R ∈恒成立. (1)求实数m 的取值范围;(2)若(1)中实数m 的最大值为λ,且实数,,x y z 满足345x y z λ++=,求222x y z ++的最小值.参考答案一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 选项 C B D B B C D D A CDB二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分. 13. [)2,+∞;14.233;15.24;16.③④ 三、解答题: 17.(1)()sin 2sin 2cos 2663sin 2cos 2f x x x x ax x aππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=++--+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭=-+ 2sin 26x a π⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭.......................................4分所以,函数()f x 最小正周期为22ππ=...............................5分 由()222262k x k k Z πππππ-≤-≤+∈得()63k x k k Z ππππ-≤≤+∈;所以,函数()f x 的单调递增区间为(),63k k k Z ππππ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦..........................8分 (2)函数()2sin 26f x x a π⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭的图象向左平移()0m m >个单位后得 ()2sin 226g x x m a π⎛⎫=+-+ ⎪⎝⎭,.........................................9分要使函数()2sin 226g x x m a π⎛⎫=+-= ⎪⎝⎭得图象关于y 轴对称,只需 ()262m k k Z πππ-=+∈,即()23k m k Z ππ=+∈,................................11分 所以,正数m 的最小值是3π. ........................................12分 18.(1)由频率分布直方图可知:5060(分)的频率为0.1,6070(分)的频率为0.25,8090(分)的频率为0.15,90100分的频率为0.05;.................................1分∴7080(分)的频率为1-0.1-0.25-0.15-0.05=0.45,...........................2分 ∵90100分数段的人数为2人,频率为0.05,∴参加测试的总人数为2400.05=人.............4分 ∴7080(分)数段的人数为400.4518⨯=. .......................................5分 (2)∵参加测试的总人数为2400.05=人, ∴5060(分)数段的人数后400.14⨯=人.....................................6分 设第一组5060(分)数段的同学为1234,,,A A A A ;第五组90100分数段的同学为12,B B ,..............................................................7分则从中选出的两个的选法有:()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()121314111223242122343132414212,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,A A A A A A A B A B A A A A A B A B A A A B A B A B A B B B 共15种;其中两人成绩差大于20的选法有:()()()()()()()()1112212231324142,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B 共8种;............ 11分则选出的两人为“搭档组”的概率为815P =..............................12分 19.(1)在ABD 中,2224,8,45,AD BD AB AB BD AB ===+=,∴AD BD ⊥...........................2分又PD ⊥平面,ABCD BD ⊆平面ABCD ∴PD BD ⊥,..........................4分 又PDAD D =∴BD ⊥平面PAD .......................................5分又BD ⊆平面MBD ,∴平面MBD ⊥平面PAD ,.........................6分 (2)因为M 是PC 的中点,所以P DMB C DMB M BCD V V V ---==..................7分 在四边形ABCD 中,由已知可求得8BCD S ∆=,又点M 到平面ABCD 的距离等于124PD =, 所以1168233M BCD V -=⨯⨯=,即三棱锥P DMB -的体积为163................... 12分 20.解:由()22220x y λλ+=>得2212x y λλ+=,则()()12,0,,0F F λλ-.由椭圆定义得1222PF PF λ+=...................................1分 在12PF F ∆中,由余弦定理得()22222121212121212122cos =22PF PF PF PF F F PF PF F F PF PF PF PF θ+--+-=12121242212PF PF PF PF PF PF λλ-==-...............................3分 2112211022PF PF λλλ≥-=-=⎛+⎫ ⎪⎝⎭, 当且仅当12PF PF =时取“=”号........................................5分 (2)∵()11,0F -,又由(1)知()1,0F λ-,∴1λ=. ∴椭圆C 的方程是2222x y +=,设()11,A x y 、()22,B x y ,∵()2,0N -.∵()()11222,,2,NA x y NB x y =+=+由NA NB μ=得12y y μ=........................................7分 若20y =,易得()2,0A -、()2,0B,这时求得2232411,253222μ--⎡⎤==∉⎢⎥+⎣⎦....8分 设直线AB 的方程是2x my =-+,代入方程2222x y +=得:()222420m ymy +-+=,由()2216820m m ∆=-+>得22m >....................9分 12122242,22m y y y y m m +==++. 由12y y μ=得()22222421,22m y y m m μμ+==++,两式消去2y 得: 228122m m μμ=+++,∵11,53μ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,∴11026,35μμ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦. ∴2216836325m m ≤≤+,解得2418m ≤≤,满足0∆>.............................11分 ∴232m ≤≤或322m -≤≤-.∴21162m ≤≤或11226m -≤≤-, ∴所求直线AB 斜率的取值范围是1221,,2662⎡⎤⎡⎤--⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦............................12分 21.(1)函数()()ln 0f x kx x k =≠的定义域是()0,+∞.()()1ln f x k x '=+,由()0f x '=得1x e=...............................2分 当0k <时,将()f x '、()f x 的值随x 的变化列表如下:x1,e e ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭1e1,e ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭()f x ' + 0 - ()f x增极大值减由上表可知,0k <时()f x 有极大值1f e ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,无极小值,与题不符.........................4分 当0k >时,将()f x '、()f x 的值随x 的变化列表如下:x10,e ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭1e1,e ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭()f x ' - 0 + ()f x减极小值增由上表可知,0k >时,()f x 有唯一极小值1k f e e ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,又已知()f x 有极小值1e-. ∴1k e e-=-,∴1k =..................................6分 (2)由(1)可知()ln f x x x =,从而当0x >时,()()xe f x g x >等价于2ln xx x x e e>-. 又由(1)可知,函数()f x 在1,e ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增,在10,e ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减,从而函数()f x 在()0,+∞有最小值11f e e⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭.........................................8分设函数()2x x h x e e =-,则()()1x h x e x -'=-,所以当()0,1x ∈时,()0h x '>,当()1,x ∈+∞时,()0h x '<,故()h x 在()0,1上单调递增,在()1,+∞上单调递减,从而()h x 在()0,+∞上的最大值为()11h e=-.......................................... 11分 由于函数()f x 取最小值与函数()h x 取得最大值时的x 取值不相等,所以,当0x >时,()()f x h x >也恒成立,即()()x e f x g x >...................12分22.(1)连结OE ,∵点D 是BC 中点,点O 是AB 中点, ∴1//2OD AC ,∴,A BOD AEO EOD ∠=∠∠=∠, ∵OA OE =,∴A AEO ∠=∠,∴BOD EOD ∠=∠,在EOD ∆和BOD ∆中,∵OE OB =,∴EOD BOD ∆≅∆,.......................3分∴090OED OBD ∠=∠=,即OE ED ⊥.∵E 是圆O 上一点,∴DE 是圆O 的切线..................................5分(2)延长DO 交圆O 于点F , ()()222DM AC DM AB DM AC AB DM OD OF DM DF +=+=+=,由(1)知DE 是圆O 的切线,而DF 是圆O 的割线,∴2DE DM DF =,...........................................8分由(1)知EOD BOD ∆≅∆,∴DE DB =,∵点D 是BC 的中点,∴2BC DB =.∴222DM DF DE DE BC ==....................................10分23.(1)由42cos 4πρθ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,展开化为()()2242cos sin 4cos sin 2ρρθρθρθρθ=-=-,............................2分 将cos sin x y ρθρθ=⎧⎨=⎩代入,得22440x y x y +-+=, 所以,圆C 的直角坐标方程是22440x y x y +-+=,...............................5分 (2)把直线l 的参数方程22222x t y t ⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩(t 为参数)代入圆的方程并整理,可得:22240t t +-=.........................................6分设,A B 两点对应的参数分别为12,t t , 则121222,40t t t t +=-=-<,所以()2121212426t t t t t t -=+-=.................................8分 ∴121212*********t t PA PB t t t t -+=+===..............................10分 24.(1)∵()()32325t t t t +--≤+--=(当且仅当2t ≥时取等号),................2分 ∴由不等式2326t t m m +--≤-对任意t R ∈恒成立.可得265m m -≥,解得15m ≤≤,即实数m 的取值范围为[]1,5..........................5分 (2)由(1)可得5λ=,∴3455x y z ++=,由柯西不等式得()()()222222234534525x y zx y z ++++≥++=,....................7分 当且仅当345x y z ==时等号成立,即321,,1052x y z ===时等号成立,....................9分 ∴()2225025x y z ++≥,即22212x y z ++≥, 所以222x y z ++的最小值是12...............................................10分。
西工大高三语文二模答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练语文评分标准及答案一. (9分,每小题3分)1.(3分)答案:B项。
解析:A项中,“治愈”一词改变了原文的“根治”一词导致理解错误。
C项中,“事实证实”与原文不一致,原文是“事实使研究人员推测”。
D项中的“霍乱细菌”改变了原文中“这种细菌”指代的内容,原文中“这种”应指代“疟疾细菌”。
2.(3分)答案:D项。
解析:原文表述,研究人员通过将孟加拉国霍乱患者跟虽与患者同居一室但仍然健康的其他居民的DNA进行对比,得出的结论也支持题干中的那句话,得出的结论并不是那句话。
3.(3分)答案:C项。
解析:C项中的最后一句“无法预防霍乱的发生等”,扩大了原文的范围,原文说的是“在没有洁净水供应的地方”,预防霍乱的发生是个难题,并不是在所有的地方。
二.(36分)(一)(19分)4.(3分)答案:C解析:“国”,在句中为国都或都城。
5.(3分)答案D解析:②③⑤为反面论据,①④⑥为正面论据。
难点是③④句,③句“乐正夔一足”是误传,④句是鲁哀公在考查那句误传。
6.(3分)答案:A项。
分析:用狗到人的事例,最终的目的是为了说明“得言不可以不察”这个观点。
7.(10分)(1)所以说“夔一人就足够了“,不是“只有一只脚”啊。
(5分,大意分为2分,“一”及前后两个“足”各1分)(2)遵循着事物的规律和人的情理,用这种方法来审察所听到的传闻,就可以得到真实的情况了。
(5分,大意分为2分,“缘”、“以为所闻”、“之”各1分)(二)(11分)8.(5分)这首诗表达了诗人在贬官后迷惘寂寞的情怀,同时又不失自信和抗争的复杂心理。
(3分)“戏”就是游戏,表明此诗是游戏之作,用“戏”字来掩饰自己政治失意心情。
(2分)9.(6分)残雪,指春天未消的余雪,这里比喻政治上的打击,贬官降职一事。
抽芽,指春笋刚刚生出新芽,这里比喻在遭受打击后仍不失自信和抗争的精神。
诗人运用了比喻(或象征或借景抒情)使其思想感情表达得委婉含蓄形象生动。
西工大附中2012—2013学年度第一学期期中质量检测试卷语文参考答案
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练语文参考答案1.B【解析】(B项根据文中“道德标准是成为伟大作家的首要条件”和“‘伟大’不仅取决于文学艺术作品…还取决于作家本人在为人行事方面的崇高和磊落”,可知是故意曲解原意)2.【解析】A(A项“后人”范围太广,文中说宋人因为”陷贼“事件指摘王维,而排斥王维于”大家“之外的是主流诗学)3.C(C项“文学才华介于‘大家’和‘名家’之间有误。
)4. D(A总:统领B假: 临时代理职务C降:下传,下达)5. A(②是卢承业对娄师德的高度评价。
④体现了娄师德的智慧。
)6. C(“怯懦、窝囊”语气过重,“根本原因”在原文中没有依据)(1—6题每题3分,共18分)7.(10分)(1)为人不浮躁宽宏大量,有人冒犯自己,就逊让来避免自己(与别人的矛盾),不露(不满)神色。
(“忤”1分,“逊”1分,“自免”1分,“见”1分,整句1分。
)(2)娄公大德,我被他宽容却不知道,我跟他们相比差远了!(“为所”1分,补出“为”的宾语1分,“乃”1分,“逮”1分,整句1分)8.(5分)“屠”,是杀掉的意思。
“屠得热”,指清风小而无力驱暑,而更主要的是用“清风无力”来衬托暑旱之甚,酷热难当。
(2分)既使“热”人格化了,又有力地表现了诗人恨暑热的情感。
(2分)这首诗抒发了乐以天下、忧以天下的胸襟抱负。
(1分)9.①比拟(或拟人)。
暑旱难耐,清风也无能为力,落日插上翅膀;②对比(衬托)。
“人固已惧江海竭,天岂不惜河汉干”,这里的“天”著上了人的感情色彩,它不痛惜“河汉”(指银河)干涸,这与人害怕江海枯竭的心理形成了强烈对比,字里行间渗透了诗人对老天爷的憎恨之情。
或者首联东风无力与落日酷热形成对比(或以东风无力衬托落日酷热);③虚实结合,诗人由现实中的“暑旱苦热”想到昆仑、蓬莱等现实与传说中的清凉世界,突出了暑旱之苦。
(每点2分)(6分)10.(6分)(1)而莫之夭阏者(2)佩缤纷其繁饰兮(3)既窈窕以寻壑,(4)俨骖騑于上路,访风景于崇阿。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第八次适应性训练
英语语法填空In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear it (61)_____(speak). Secondly, we must be able to speak it (62)______(correct)with confidence and without hesitation. Thirdly, we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.There is (63)_______ easy way to success (64)______ language learning. (65)______ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only(66) _______(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use (67) ______(learn) by heart long list of words and (68)______meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. (69)_______we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and (70)_______(write )the language whenever we can.短文改错Dear Xiaohua,It is four days since Mother accepted the operation. She is feeling much more better. The doctors told me the operation was successful, but because her old age she had to stay in hospital for other two weeks. The doctors also say it was quite necessary for her to do so. We expect to get a full report in two and three days. Please tell the good news to rest of the family as fast as possible. You needn't to come here. I'm able to look after Mother by myself. You'd better send flowers to Mother. She will feel happily.Yours,英语语法填空Every one of us has been taking a great interest in the match 61 Google’s artificial intelligence program Alpha Go and the world champion Lee Sedol (李世石) in the ancient Chinese board game - Go(围棋).Alpha Go won its five-game match which was 62 (set) to run at a hotel in central Seoul. Virtual(虚拟)reality and robotics are two 63 (direct) to be explored in the future. 64 we can accept or refuse the result, its match against a top human Go player is another landmark event!Many Chinese fans, who 65 (watch) the Go game live online before,were shocked by the computer program’s performance and the world-leading high-tech achievements made by western scientists, 66 (include) those in the United States.67 (honest) speaking, China is still about 10 years behind the US in the high-tech research and development in basic sciences. 68 (fill) the gap, Chinese computer engineers need to work even 69 (hard). Only in this way, can we catch 70 with them in computer technology in the near future.短文改错Now I can’t watch television any longer and a few years ago I was used to watch it every night. I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are too many people among my family. Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing. Therefore, there was no way of sett ling the matters except by selling the TV set. Now someone at home reads instead.英语语法填空(满分15分)Our readers share the top five cultural differences between China and the US to help promote mutual understanding. You're welcome to leave your comments.1. Privacy. Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy__61__ Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status, which Americans think is__62__ (disgust) and offensive.2. Family. In China, elders are traditionally treated with enormous respect and dignity while the young__63__ (cherish) and brou ght up. __64__ Chinese people, older Americans don’t fancy__65__ (live) with their children and the goal of the American family is__66_ _(encourage) independence.3. Friends. Chinese people have different__67__ (meaning) to define friends. And they believe friendship means lifelong friends. However, Americans always call people they meet friends, so there__68__(be) many a kind of friend--- work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends…4. Money. As is well known, __69__Chinese like to save. However, far fewer American families are saving money for emergencies and education.5. Collectivism and Individualism. __70__(general), If you achieve something in the US, it's because you are great. While in China, if you achieve something it's because the team is great.短文改错(满分10分)I can still remember my elementary school teacher very well. Sue was my first grade teacher, and she was warm-hearted. We have real lessons with her. I would often get into trouble in her class, but I also learned a lot of. In the second grade, we had Rhonda, who treated us kind. We all liked her. She was our friend more than our teacher. Laura was my third grade teacher, and she was really humor! Her class was probably the more fun. But my fourth grade teacher changed life. Her name was Shirley Richardson. She was the six-foot-tall African-American woman. Everyone was scared of her, and in fact her heart was soft. I stopped getting into trouble and also starting to take school seriously.陕西省西安市交通大学附属中学2016届高三上学期第六次诊断考试英语试题语法填空Airplane travel is obviously one of the most efficient ways to travel around the world. More and more people choose it ___1___ the way of travelling. We all know that our lives have been changed by air travel. It is much ___2___ (fast) to travel by plane, and air travel makes it possible to get to the other side of the world in less than one day.In terms of ___3___ (safe), air travel is one of the ___4___ (option) transportation methods if you are looking for a safe way to travel. It is considered to be the safest way to travel. What’s more, it is now possible to get to destinations all over the world at ___5___ affordable price since there are cheap flights available.There are still some ___6___ (weak) of air travel these days. Bad weather can delay flights by hours, even days. This may waste passengers’precious time, and may even leave you ___7___ (abandon) at the airport. ___8___, unfortunately, your flight is canceled, there will be much more unexpected troubles ___9___ (wait) for you ahead. Besides, most airports are built far away from the downtown, so it often takes passengers quite a long time ___10___ (get) to the airport.短文改错After travelling many times with my family members, I went alone to Italy for a long weekend. I traveled by a train and checked into my hotel before exploring the beautiful town. I went out for dinner alone, that meant I could watch people and took in the atmosphere. The next day I went to Lake Garda and took some lovely picture. I then read a book and sat under the sun for a few hours! I had a really amazed time. I think the best thing about traveling alone is you can be selfish and do exactly what you want to. You are in control of your day and fun, but my advice is to take the opportunity to travelling alone. As long as you stay safely, you will have a wonderful time!陕西省西安市第一中学2016届高三上学期12月月考英语试题语法填空Just now, I entered the website “Topic for Today”. I feel 61 (interest)in the report on middle school students’using cell-phones on campus. In fact, more students now come to school 62 cell-phones. My schoolmates have different opinions. Some think 63 is convenient to get in touch with others with the cell-phone, 64 also makes them feel safe especially in time of trouble. Besides, it is nice to enjoy 65 (variety) functions of different cell-phones.Others think differently. First, the cell-phone is not 66 must in school, as there are some IC phones there, 67 (make) it easy to call other. Second, many students often play e-games and send 68 (message) with their cell-phones, even in class, which will surely have bad effects on their study. What’s more, a large amount of time and money will 69 (waste). In my opinion, the cell-phone is a useful tool in our daily life. But it doesn’t mean we can use it 70 (free) in school.短文改错My mom and I am fighting. We used to get on so well, and these days, she has been arguing with me about my not coming to home. She thinks I should spend more time help her with the housework instead going out a lot. In her eyes, I’m just a lazy boy whom only loves playing. The fact is that some of my friends and I are going to different school soon, so I want to spend as many time as I can with them. I knew I should try to understand the situation from her point of view. But I hope she can understand what important these friends are to me.河北省“五个一名校联盟”2016届高三上学期教学质量监测试题英语语法填空I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 61 (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes 62 (fix) upon me. I had no 63 (choose) but to prepare for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, which was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 64 (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory— for to read from the paper was not allowed. The real moment began 65 . I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, 66 (deliver) my speech with difficulty. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made 67 ! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared. Actually with my 68 (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way 69 success is our fear. Overcome it 70 we will be able to achieve our goals.短文改错After school, I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin. He looked extremely weak. Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy. So I decided to take him home. I gave him some food and a bath. After the bath he looked energy and refreshed. What a lovely dog!When my parents got home, I asked that I could keep the dog. To my surprised and joy, they agreed. Up to now, he has become member of our family and everyone had enjoyed his company. Looked at the cute and happy dog today, I realize that I was right to help him. I offered him a shelter and he brought ourselves great happiness and laughter.语法填空:61. terribly 62. fixed 63. choice 64. lay 65. when66. delivering 67. it 68. confidence 69. to 70. and短文改错:After school, I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lielyingbeside the dustbin. He looked extremely weak. Immediately the homeless dog filled me ofwithsympathy. So I decided to take him home. I gave him some food and a bath. After the bath helooked energy and refreshed. What a lovely dog!energeticWhen my parents got home, I asked that I could keep the dog. To my surprised and joy,if/whether surprisethey agreed. Up to now, he has become∧ member of our family and everyone had enjoyed a hashis company. Looked at the cute and happy dog today, I realize that I was right to help him. I Lookingoffered him a shelter and he brought ourselves great happiness and laughter.us。
西安交大附中初2016届语文第二次模拟考试
西安交大附中初2016届第二次模拟考试语文试题(考试时间150分钟满分:120分)一、积累与运用(共 6小题,计 17分)1.下列各组词语中,加点字的读音全都正确的一组是( )(2分)A.猖獗.(juã) 处.罚 (chǔ) 打量.(liàng) 大而无当.(dàng)B.克.扣(kâ) 谰.言(lán) 炮.制(pào) 明眸善睐.(lài)C.翘.首(qiáo) 瞥.见(piē) 纨.绔(wán) 期期艾.艾(ài)D.芜.杂(wū) 膝.盖(xī) 晕.船(yùn) 毋.庸置疑(wú)2.下列各组词语中,汉字书写全都正确的一项是()(2分)A.雄踞袖珍休憩循循善诱B.燥动执著赃物一泻千里C.逶迤意测踊跃一碧万顷D.昳丽眼睑峥嵘实是求事3.下列各句判断有误的一项是( )(2分)A.“我的心在瘦骨嶙峋的胸膛里咚咚直跳。
”的句子主干是“心跳”。
B.“制造”“报答”“维护”“沸腾”这几个词词性相同。
C.“于是与亮情好日密”“孔乙己的身体日渐衰弱”两句中“日”都作状语。
D.“志存高远、脚踏实地、全力以赴、决胜中考”中的动宾短语有三个。
4.经典诗文默写。
(任选一组,如果两组都做,以A组为准)(6分)【A组】(1)参差荇菜,左右采之。
窈窕淑女,________,良多趣味。
(《关雎》)(2)______,悠然见南山。
(陶潜《饮酒》)(3)______,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
(崔颢《黄鹤楼》)(4)_____,弓如霹雳弦惊。
(辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》)(5)青树翠蔓,______,参差批拂。
(柳宗元《小石潭记》)(6)哦,那么多灿烂的、______!(郭沫若《雷电颂》)【B组】(1)蒹葭苍苍,白露未晞。
所谓伊人,____。
(《蒹葭》)(2)潮平两岸阔,_______。
(王湾《次北固山下》)(3)______,家书抵万金。
陕西省西工大附中高三下学期二模考试语文(B)试卷Word版含答案.pdf
2015届第二次模拟考试 试题(卷) A 贺父名晋肃,不得举进士 举:推荐、选用 B 贺总角荷衣而出,欣然承命,旁若无人 承:接受 C 老子曰:“其进锐者退速。
”信然 信:果真、的确 D 若少假行年,涵养盛德,观其才,不在古人下矣 假:授予、给予 5、以下句子中,全都表明李贺有才华的一组是(3分) ①韩愈、皇甫览其作,奇之而未信 ②贺为人纤瘦,通眉,长指爪,能疾书 ③所得皆惊迈,绝云翰墨畦径,时无能效者 ④平头小奴子,背古锦囊,遇有所得,书置囊里 ⑤每恨其傲忽,其文己焚之矣 ⑥上帝新作白玉楼成,立召君作记也A ①③⑤B ②④⑥C ②④⑤D ①③⑥ 6、下列对文章的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(3分) A 韩愈、皇甫读了李贺的作品,不相信他只有七岁,直到李贺梳总角发穿荷叶衣出来,他们才大惊。
B 李贺是唐朝宗师后人,人长得纤瘦,手脚很长,但非常聪明,写字飞快,七岁诗文便震动京城。
C 李贺写诗崇尚奇异的风格,完全摆脱了通常诗家的常规,当时无人能够仿效,其乐府诗常被谱成唱曲。
D 作者详细记叙李贺充满神奇色彩的病死过程,是要借天妒英才的说法凸显李贺出类拔萃的天赋。
7、把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(10分) (1)上灯,与食,即婢取书,研墨叠纸足成之(6分) 译文: (2)贺诗稍尚奇诡,组织花草,片片成文,所得皆惊迈。
(4分) 译文: (二)古代诗歌阅读(11分) 阅读下面这首词,完成8~9题。
点绛唇 雨中故人相过 王恽(yùn) (元) 谁惜幽居?故人相过还晤语。
话余联步,来看花成趣。
春雨霏微,吹湿闲庭户。
香如雾。
约君少住,读了《离骚》去。
8.词的上片写了词人和故人哪些动作?表现了他们什么样的情趣?(5分) 9.下片“湿”字渲染了什么样的环境氛围?结句劝故人“读了《离骚》去”有何意味?(6分) (三)名篇名句默写(6分)10.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
(1)四十三年,?,?。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第三次适应性训练 英语试卷
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第三次适应性训练英语试卷第一卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节 (共5小题:每小题1分,满分5分)1.What is the woman looking for ?A. A café.B. A museum.C. A park.2. What dose the man say about the shoes?A. They are for bowling.B. They’re very bright.C. They keep you from falling down.3. Where does the conversation probably take place ?A. In a police station.B. In the principal’s office.C. In an elementary school classroom.4. When will the lights go down ?A. At 7:15.B. At 7:25.C. At 7:30.5. What are the speakers doing ?A. Driving in a car.B. Playing with the smartphones.C. Playing a computer game.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)听第6段材料,回答第6,7题6. What dose the man ask the woman about first ?A. Fresh food.B. Snacks.C. Luggage.7. How many bags is the woman carrying in total ?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.听第7段材料,回答第8,9题8. Which subject dose Mr. Brooks teach probably ?A. English.B. Art.C. Math.9. What does Mr. Brooks imply in the end ?A. Melanie should go back to her seat.B. Melanie gave the correct answer.C. He will make an exception for Melanie.听第8段材料,回答第10---12题10. What is the man’s main concern about the TV ?A. The picture quality.B. The sound quality.C. The screen size.11. Why dose the man mention his friends ?A. They all have nice TVs.B. They just got a new TV.C. They’re planning a vacation with them.12. How much will the speakers probably spend on a TV ?A. At least $500.B. No more than $500.C. No more than $300.听第9段材料,回答第13----16题13. Why did the man make the appointment ?A. He always feels tired recently.B. He’s going on a trip soon.C. He needs to have an annual health examination.14. When was the appointment scheduled for ?A. The early afternoon.B. The late morning.C. Noon.15. What dose the man say about his boss ?A. His boss is a woman.B. His boss is very understanding.C. His boss is on holiday.16. What will the man do after his appointment ?A. Have lunch.B. Give a presentation.C. Go to the bank.听第10段材料,回答第17----20题17. What animals live in Badlands National Park now ?A. Big cats.B. Rhinos.C. Small animals living underground.18. What must you do before going on an overnight trip ?A. Buy a map.B. Make a formal reservation.C. Speak to a staff member.19. What is allowed in the park ?A. Pet.B. Stove.C. Wildlife.20. What should people do with human waste ?A. Carry it out of the park.B. Keep it half a mile from roads.C. Bury it 200 feet from water at least.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分30 分)AA new study finds that our brains are wired to make music-color connections depending on how the music makes us feel. Mozart’s “Flute Concerto No.1 in G Major” is most often associated with bright yellow and orange, whereas his “Requiem in D Minor” is linked to bluish gray, the findings revealed.US researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, enlisted nearly 100 subjects for a study on music and color. With 37 colors, the UC Berkeley study found that people tend to pair faster-paced music in a major key with lighter, morevivid, yellow colors, whereas slower-paced music in a minor key is more likely to be teamed up with darker, grayer, bluer colors.“Surprisingly, we can predict with 95 percent accuracy how happy or sad the colorspeople pick will be based on how happy or sad the music is that they are listening to,” said lead author and UC Berkeley vision scientist Stephen Palmer.In three experiments, the subjects listened to 18 classical music pieces that varied in pace (slow, medium, fast) and in major VS minor keys. In the first experiment, participants were asked to pick five of the 37 colors that best matched the music to which they were listening. Separately, they rated each piece of music on a scale of happy to sad, strong to weak, lively to dull, and calm to angry.Next, the research team plans to study participants in Turkey where traditional music employs a wider range of scales than just major and minor. “We know that in Mexico and the US the responses are very similar,” Palmer said. “But we don’t yet know about China or Turkey.”21.What can we know about Mozart’s “Flute Concerto No. 1 G Major”?A. It is fast in pace. B It is slow in pace.C. It makes us feel upset. D It makes us feel optimistic.22. What did the US researchers find from the result of the new study?A. There are colors that do not match any music.B. People tend to connect happy colors to slow-paced musicC. There is a one-to-one connection between music and color.D. People nearly do the same in picking colors for different music.23. How did the researchers do the research?A. By making predictions.B. By researching journals.C. By conducting experiments.D. By studying famous musicians.24.According to the text, the research mainly deals with __________A. how colors or music influence our emotionsB. how emotions affect music-color connectionsC. why we have different feelings towards musicD. why we have different feelings towards colorsBTaj Mahal, Agra, IndiaAs many as 28 different varieties of precious stones were used to decorate the outside of the Taj Mahal. Construction took around 20 years. The building, which was made from white marble from the quarries(采石场) of Rajasthan, appears pink in the morning, white in the day and golden in the moonlight.Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Akashi Strait, JapanIt took 10 years to construct the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. It connects the city of Kobe, on Japan’s mainland, with Iwaya on Awaji Island. Before it opened, the only way to get between the two cities was by ferry. However, the waterway was at the mercy of severe storms and when two ferries overturned in 1955, killing 168 people, public anger convinced the government of the need for a bridge. It's the longest suspension bridge in the world, with a length of 1,991 meters.Panama Canal, PanamaMore than 4. 5 million cubic yards of concrete were used in the construction of this canal’s locks and dams. The Panama Canal is a 47-mile long waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The earth and rubble dug to make way for it was enough to bury Manhattan to a depth of four meters. A series of locks allows ships to pass through the water. Each lock door weighs 750 tons and each lock fills with 52 million gallons of water to accommodate the 15,000 ships that use the canal every year.Grand Canyon Skywalk, ArizonaThe Skywalk’s foundation is strong enough to support 71 million pounds , Located1,219 meters above the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon's Sky Walk consists of one million pounds of steel and 83,000 pounds of glass. It was the creation of Las Vegas businessman David Jin, who approached the Hualapai Tribe with the idea of a glass walkway over the Grand Canyon in 1996. The Sky walk was assembled on site.25.The Japanese government decided to build the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge ___________A in the year of 1955B following public opinionC to show its national powerD to develop Japan’s economy26.The Grand Canyon Skywalk is probably a real challenge for those who __________A are airsickB hate rock climbingC have a fear of heightD feel ill traveling in boat27.In which section of a book can the text probably be seen?A. ScienceB. AgricultureC. TechnologyD. GeographyCI am an English dictionary. I can still remember the day my ex-owner bought me. He had stood in front of the shelf for around half an hour before finally picking me. Originally, he chose my neighbor. But because she had some ink on the cover, he put her down and chose me instead.I may sound arrogant (傲慢的) . But please forgive me. I am so proud of my vocabulary. With 100,000 entries and 300,000 examples, I think no scholar can be more knowledgeable than me. My only weakness is that I can’t speak. But that is not my fault. Iwas not designed to speak in the first place. My ex-owner was supposed to read the phonetic symbols (音标) clearly printed beside each word, which were also my selling point. I should have been respected but have ended up lying next to a piece of used toilet paper inside the rubbish bin.It is all because of the electronic dictionary. He is the bad guy because he takes advantage of my one weakness. And I just don’t understand why he can be so slim. He also has about 100,000entries but 450,000 examples! But I know this was not the reason why my ex-owner was attracted, for he was not a very diligent (勤奋的) student and seldom read the examples listed. The main reason was that the bad guy had so many games in him. My ex-owner always pretended to be working hard while actually he was playing games.My ex-owner put me on his bookshelf because of my awesome English name “Advanced English Dictionary”. He wanted people to think that he was an advanced learner. I wanted to tell him that it would be better if he hid the comic books standing next to me. But, you know, I can’t speak. I stood there for years. I was so bored. So I talked to the comic book next to me. Under normal circumstances, I wouldn’t have talked to him because I was educated and he was not. But who else could I choose? He told me that my ex-owner had read him once only and then puthim there. I was upset because he had never read me from page one to page 1,000. Was I not a better book than the comic book? I wanted to challenge his honesty but before I did so, he was thrown away.I give up. My pages are absorbing waste water. There is no way people will use me again. Suddenly, I want to talk to the comic book. Would he talk to me if we met?28. Why does the dictionary think that the electronic dictionary is the “bad guy”?A. I t contains more words and examples.B. It can actually pronounce the words.C. It has a smaller size.D. It has not many games.29. The dictionary thinks that its ex-owner put it on the bookshelf because he ______.A. thought that it could match the comic booksB. wanted his friends to study EnglishC. just wanted to show offD. had to use it sometimes30. What was the dictionary’s attitude toward the comic book standing next to it?A. It wanted to make friends with him.B. It respected him.C. It envied him.D. It hated him.31. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. A Dictionary Is Replaced with an Electronic OneB. Students Seldom Use DictionariesC. A Dictionary and a Comic BookD. The Experience of a DictionaryDWitchcraft(巫术)was not made a capital offence in Britain until 1563 though it was disapproved by Pope Innocent VIII in 1484. From 1484 until around 1750, some 200,000 witches(女巫)were burnt or hanged in Western Europe.Most supposed witches were usually old women, and always poor. Any who were unfortunate enough to be an old woman with broken teeth, sunken cheeks and sockets and a hairy lip were assumed to possess the “Evil Eye”. It was more the case if they also had a cat. Many unfortunate women were taken away on this sort of evidence and hanged.Witch fever held East Anglia for 14 terrible months between 1645—1646. A man called Matthew Hopkins, an unsuccessful lawyer, contributed a lot! He became known as the “Witchfinder General”. He had 68 people put to death in Bury St. Edmunds alone, and 19 hanged at Chelmsfor in a single day. After Chelmsford he set off for other countries. Much of Matthew Hopkins theories of telling a witch were based on Devil’s Marks. He took a small mark to be a Devil’s Mark and he used his “needle”to see if these marks were insensitive to pain. His “needle” was basically a trick so the unfortunate women never felt any pain.There were other tests for witches. Mary Sutton of Bedford was put to the swimming test. With her thumbs tied to opposite big toes she was thrown into the river. If she floated she was guilty; if she sank, innocent. Poor Mary floated!Though many of the acts against witchcraft were put to an end in 1736, witch hunting still went on. In 1863, a suspected male witch was drowned in a pond in Headingham, Essex and 1945 the body of an elderly farm laborer was found near the village of Meon Hill in Warwickshire. His throat had been cut and his body was pinned to the earth. The murder remains unsolved; however, the man was said, locally, to be a male witch. It seems that belief in witchcraft has not entirely died out.32.A female witch was often found to be ________A. a young ladyB. a lucky womanC. an ugly womanD. a blind girl33. Matthew Hopkins can be best described as __________A. kind and smartB. tricky and mercilessC. successful and niceD. famous and fortunate34. Why did people throw Mary into the river?A. To take her life.B. To tell if she was a witchC. To test her swimming skills.D. To prove that she was guilty35. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Witches are still badly treated all over the world.B. Witches were terribly treated in the European history.C. Some people still have been using magic in daily lives.D. There have always been people believing in witchcraft第二节(共5 小题,每小题 2 分,满分10 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
2016学年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练语文
2016年全国高考统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考卷一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
先秦史官与《周易》我国古代,“史官”作为“信史”的记录者、编著者与守护者,其职守显得神圣而庄严;而《周易》则常被人们视为“卜筮之书”。
作为卜筮之书的《周易》有几分神秘,甚至有几分荒诞。
然而,内涵、特点等方面似乎相去甚远的史官与《周易》之间,在先秦时期却有着千丝万缕的联系。
先秦史官有保管图书文献档案的职责。
据《周礼·天官》:“史掌官书以赞治”,又据《左传·昭公二年》:“二年春,晋侯使韩宣子来聘……观书于大史氏。
”又《吕氏春秋·先识》记载:“晋太史屠黍见晋之乱也,见晋公之骄而无德义也,以其图法归周。
”都明确记载了史官之掌管图书典籍的职责。
而《周易》作为图书文献属于当时史官的职掌范围,应毋庸置疑。
先秦史官有掌卜筮祭祀的职责。
殷商时期,统治者大至军国要事,小至生病、打猎,都要举行占卜活动。
在占卜活动中,史官是重要参与者,并且还要将整个过程记录下来,刻写在龟甲或兽骨上,这就成了甲骨文亦即“卜辞”。
龟卜是用以判断吉凶、预测未来的主要手段。
西周之后,《易》经开始流行,《易》筮渐兴,至春秋时期,《易》筮已成为基本上可与龟卜平分秋色的占测方式。
当时,人们据《易》筮占吉凶,预测未来,或引《易》议事论物,评判是非,已成为一种社会时尚。
在《周易》及《易》筮的流行中,先秦史官充当了主要角色。
在历史上有记载的以《易》占筮论事的各种人物中,史官的人数是最多的。
并且,当时还出现了“筮史”这样的名称,清楚地表明了史官与《易》筮的特殊关系。
除卜筮外,先秦史官还兼掌祭祀,如:“用史巫,纷若,吉!”(《易·巽·九二》)等等,即为明证。
先秦史官有记事记言的职责。
先秦史官要将君主、大臣等重要人物以及重要事件的卜筮情况,包括内容、经过、结果以及参与卜筮者的言论等记载并保存下来,履行其记事记言的职责,而卜筮方式如果是用《周易》来预测的筮占,则史官所记就相当于《周易》的应用案例写实。
陕西省西工大附中高三上学期第二次适应性训练语文试题.pdf
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练 语 文 本试卷分第I卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡),在本试题卷上答题无效。
考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
第I卷 阅读题 甲 必考题 一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分) 阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
王维的“名大家” 明清诗论中对王维“名大家”的特殊定位不仅是介乎“大家”和“名家”之间的调和性观点,更是王维诗歌的独特成就在传统诗学批评标准之下的特殊境遇之写照。
中国历代诗学在评定一流大诗人的具体标准上存在着一些细微差异,但基本要求一致,即人格高尚、才大力雄、超越时代、泽被后世。
其中,道德标准是成为伟大作家的首要条件,古今中外概莫能外。
“伟大”不仅取决于文学艺术作品本身所表现出的审美价值和思想意义,还取决于作家本人在为人行事方面的崇高和磊落。
杜甫得到“诗圣”的桂冠和普遍的尊奉主要就出于这种观念,所谓“论诗者观其大节而已”。
同样,王维被主流诗学排除在“大家”之外的首要原因也就是其气节人格不够符合儒家正统思想。
王维笃信佛教,不是“醇儒”,所谓“耽禅味而忘诗教,此《三百篇》之罪人矣”。
“陷贼”事件又于大节有亏,宋人对王维的指摘就是典型论调。
而王维的拥护者为了提升王维的地位,首先做的就是强化王维诗歌的伦理道德色彩。
如推尊王维为唐诗正宗的赵殿成在《王右丞诗笺注序》中努力为王维“陷贼”事件辩诬,强调王维的立身大节以及其诗中有得于古者诗教之旨”和“温柔敦厚”的一面,都是为了确立王维一流“大家”的诗歌地位。
兼容并蓄,富于学力,气骨沉雄,也是取得“大家”资格的必备条件。
这从宋人以杜甫的“集大成”作为“入圣”的重要条件亦可见出,明代诗学的“格调派”也是以此推尊李、杜为“大家”。
王维之所以“大家不足”,主要是其诗歌表现出的自然情韵与主流诗学倡导的学养和骨力之间的差距。
由于重学力格调,轻自然情韵的思想在诗学传统中长期居于主导地位,代表王维诗歌艺术特色的山水短章向来被视为诗歌正统之外的“一偏”,以至于清初王士祯为了抬高王维的地位,也要强调王维诗歌中的“沉着痛快”。
2016届陕西省西安市陕西师范大学附属中学高三第二次模拟考试语文试题解读
2016届陕西省西安市陕西师范大学附属中学高三第二次模拟考试语文试题时间150分钟满分150分注意事项:1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成第1-3题。
雾霾天气是一种重要的城市气象灾害。
大范围雾霾天气主要出现在冷空气较弱和水汽条件较好的大尺度大气环流形势下,近地面低空为静风或微风。
由于雾霾天气的湿度较高,水汽较大,雾滴提供了吸附和反应所需的场所,加速了反应性气态污染物向液态颗粒物成分的转化,同时颗粒物也容易作为凝结核加速雾霾的生成,两者相互作用,迅速形成污染。
随着冷空气来临,风速增强,雾霾逐渐消散。
研究表明,雾霾天气的形成和发展与气象条件关系密切。
一次持续性的雾霾天气过程往往具有显著阶段性特征,是一次持续时间长、阶段性特征明显的雾霾混合性天气。
持续性雾霾天气的第一阶段是霾阶段,该阶段PM2.5浓度增加显著,是能见度降低的主要原因;第二阶段是大雾阶段,该阶段迅速增大的相对湿度,是导致能见度下降的重要因素,在持续性大雾天气的静稳条件下,导致PM2.5浓度累积增加;第三阶段,由于北方冷空气的入侵,大雾天气结束。
可以看出,雾霾过程能见度的变化和相对湿度、PM2.5浓度、温度、风速的变化具有很好的阶段性对应关系。
相对湿度与能见度在整个过程中保持稳定的负相关线性关系。
由于温度决定了相对湿度的水平,因此温度与能见度的关系实际上反映了相对湿度与能见度的关系;而从整个过程来看,PM2.5与能见度是明显的非线性关系,在第一阶段PM2.5对能见度影响的速率要明显高于第二阶段,而在第二阶段中,PM2.5对能见度的影响水平几乎保持不变。
风速与能见度是正相关的线性关系,从整体上看,风速越大能见度越好,而从风速对能见度影响的线性趋势上看,第一阶段风速对能见度的影响速率要大于第二阶段风速对能见度的影响速率,第三阶段能见度随着风速的增加而迅速增大,反映出风速对雾霾过程能见度的转好有重要的作用。
八所重点中学2016届高三第二次适应性考试语文试题 含答案
2016年山西省八所重点中学高三第二次适应性考试语文科试卷试题部分考生注意:本卷满分150分,考试时间为150分钟。
本卷分为试题卷和答题卷,考生一律把答案填写在答题卷上。
考生不得提前交卷。
考试结束后由监考员将试题卷上交。
第I卷甲必考题一、现代文阅读(每题3分,共9分)阅读下面文字,完成1-3小题。
在世界文明对话史上,公元2世纪到7世纪期间最重要的历史事件当属佛教的东传及其与中华文明的对话。
这一文明对话产生了重要的历史后果,它不仅使佛教融入中华文明,与儒家、道教一起成为中国思想文化的结构性力量,而且也使得佛教获得持续的发展活力,从一个地方性宗教上升为世界性宗教,直到今天仍然发挥其重要的精神作用。
两汉时期,是佛教东传的发生期。
佛教进入中国大地是一个因地域关系自然而然地发生的过程,“其教因西域使臣商贾以及热诚传教之人,渐布中夏,流行于民间”。
(汤用彤)它不是像后来基督教教团派出大量传教士有组织地传教活动。
这一点决定佛教进入中国是和平的、非强制性的。
佛教最初传入中国是与当时道家的黄老之术和方士之术互相影响、相得益彰的。
魏晋南北朝时期是佛教东传的扎根期,隋唐时期是佛教东传的开花结果期,这两个时期是佛教文明与中华文明对话的最重要时期。
唐以后,随着三教合流,随着中国化佛教禅宗的盛行,融入中华文明的佛教已经成为中华文明的有机组成部分,佛教已经不是在异族异质文明意义上与中华文明展开对话了。
魏晋时期佛教文明与中华文明的对话主要体现在佛学与玄学的对话上,两种文明对话呈现出佛学的玄学化和玄学的佛学化.南北朝时期佛教文明与中华文明对话的一个突出特征是皇帝亲自参与对话,如宋文帝曾与僧人论究佛理,宋武帝亲自到寺庙听讲,梁武帝甚至亲制发愿文,皈依佛教,大兴寺庙。
魏晋时期,中外学者合译佛经取得了突出的成绩。
东晋是佛典合译的高峰期。
不仅小乘佛教的基本经典《阿含经》系列被创译,而且大乘佛教的重要经论、密教经典、律典等都被译出。
当时在佛经的翻译解释中大量采用“格义”的方法,即用中国原有经典中的精义与典故来比配佛经中的道理,以便中国信徒的理解与接受。
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2016年全国高考统一考试西工大附中第二次适应性训练语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考卷一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
先秦史官与《周易》我国古代,‚史官‛作为‚信史‛的记录者、编著者与守护者,其职守显得神圣而庄严;而《周易》则常被人们视为‚卜筮之书‛。
作为卜筮之书的《周易》有几分神秘,甚至有几分荒诞。
然而,内涵、特点等方面似乎相去甚远的史官与《周易》之间,在先秦时期却有着千丝万缕的联系。
先秦史官有保管图书文献档案的职责。
据《周礼·天官》:‚史掌官书以赞治‛,又据《左传·昭公二年》:‚二年春,晋侯使韩宣子来聘……观书于大史氏。
‛又《吕氏春秋·先识》记载:‚晋太史屠黍见晋之乱也,见晋公之骄而无德义也,以其图法归周。
‛都明确记载了史官之掌管图书典籍的职责。
而《周易》作为图书文献属于当时史官的职掌范围,应毋庸置疑。
先秦史官有掌卜筮祭祀的职责。
殷商时期,统治者大至军国要事,小至生病、打猎,都要举行占卜活动。
在占卜活动中,史官是重要参与者,并且还要将整个过程记录下来,刻写在龟甲或兽骨上,这就成了甲骨文亦即‚卜辞‛。
龟卜是用以判断吉凶、预测未来的主要手段。
西周之后,《易》经开始流行,《易》筮渐兴,至春秋时期,《易》筮已成为基本上可与龟卜平分秋色的占测方式。
当时,人们据《易》筮占吉凶,预测未来,或引《易》议事论物,评判是非,已成为一种社会时尚。
在《周易》及《易》筮的流行中,先秦史官充当了主要角色。
在历史上有记载的以《易》占筮论事的各种人物中,史官的人数是最多的。
并且,当时还出现了‚筮史‛这样的名称,清楚地表明了史官与《易》筮的特殊关系。
除卜筮外,先秦史官还兼掌祭祀,如:‚用史巫,纷若,吉!‛(《易·巽·九二》)等等,即为明证。
先秦史官有记事记言的职责。
先秦史官要将君主、大臣等重要人物以及重要事件的卜筮情况,包括内容、经过、结果以及参与卜筮者的言论等记载并保存下来,履行其记事记言的职责,而卜筮方式如果是用《周易》来预测的筮占,则史官所记就相当于《周易》的应用案例写实。
职掌卜筮,是先秦史官与《周易》关系之最突出的纽带。
先秦时期,史官们对这一职责的履行可谓是不遗余力。
阅读先秦文献的记载,人们有时会为史官们据《易》筮占的准确而感到惊讶。
例如,《左传·庄公二十二年》:‚周史有以《周易》见陈侯者,陈侯使筮之,遇《观》之《否》,曰:‘是谓观国之光,利用宾于王。
此其代陈有国乎?不在此,其在异国;非此其身,在其子孙,光远而自他有耀者也……若在异国,必姜姓也。
姜,大岳之后也。
山岳则配天,物莫能两大。
陈衰,此其昌乎。
’及陈之初亡也,陈桓子始大于齐,其后亡也,陈子得政。
‛从表面上看,周史所得出的两个结论是他占筮的结果,其实,周史在为陈国占筮之前,已对陈、齐等国的历史和现状做了一定的了解,即‚先人事而后说卦‛,在此基础上,再依据《周易》的变化观去分析、推测其前景,就得出了这些结论。
先秦史官以《易》占筮,又表现出明显的局限性。
首先,以《易》占筮,凭蓍草这类植物去推断活生生的、千变万化的人事,从根本来说是难以成功的。
其次,以《易》占筮,在具体操作上具有很大的主观随意性,牵强附会的特点也很显著。
例如,《左传·襄公九年》:‚穆姜薨于东宫。
始往而筮之,遇《艮》之八,史曰:‘是谓《艮》之《随》。
《随》,其出也,君必速出。
’姜曰:‘亡!是于《周易》曰:《随》,无亨利贞,无咎。
’‛筮占而得《艮》之《随》,可从多方面来进行解释。
《艮》卦卦名之义为‚止也‛,即如山岳般静止不动,《随》卦卦名之义为‚无故也‛,无故,即没有故处,自然要走出故处,即出走,与《艮》卦的‚止‛义相反。
最终,史官根据自己的意愿采用《随》卦,因而得出‚君必速出‛的推论。
先秦史官所掌职责非常丰富,堪称是当时的‚通才‛,而《周易》是一部既简明又涉猎宇宙万物、社会人生的著作,可谓‚通学‛。
因此,深入探讨先秦史官与《周易》的关系,是一个新的研究视角,它对于《周易》以及中国古代史学史的研究等具有重要意义。
(选自《光明日报》,有删节)1.下列关于先秦史官与《周易》的关系内容的表述,不正确的一项是()A.被视为“卜筮之书”的《周易》,神秘且有几分荒诞,而出于职责的要求,先秦史官可以说《周易》的解读者、运用者及传承者。
B.无论是《周礼·天官》还是《左传·昭公二年》《吕氏春秋·先识》,里面均有记载史官具有掌管文献典籍的职责的明证。
C.西周之后,史官与《易》筮有着特殊的关系。
以《易》占筮论事的各种人物中,史官的人数是最多的,还出现了“筮史”的称呼。
D.先秦史官与《周易》关系最突出的纽带是职掌卜筮,他们或据《易》筮占吉凶,预测未来,或引《易》议事论物,评判是非。
2.下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是()A.春秋战国时期,史官们据《易》执掌卜筮,可谓不遗余力,人们有时会为他们筮占的准确而感到惊讶。
B.《左传·庄公二十二年》所记的周史运用《周易》为陈国占筮,得出结论,一是陈侯的后代将在齐国昌盛并执掌大权,二是陈国将在那时衰败。
C.历史的发展印证了周史对陈国的占筮,这说明了先秦史官能依据《周易》的变化观去分析和推测,从而做到先人事而后说卦。
D.先秦史官以《易》占筮,用的是蓍草这类植物,尽管在推断中也会结合历史和现实,但人事千变万化,明显有局限性。
3.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是()A.殷商时代,统治者无论大小事情,都要举行占卜活动,史官的职责是将整个过程记录下来,并且刻写在龟甲兽骨上。
B.殷商时期,龟卜是用以判断吉凶、预测未来的主要手段,西周之后,《易》筮成为占测的主要方式,且成为一种社会时尚。
C.先秦史官在保管图书文献档案、执掌卜筮祭祀、记载并保存君主大臣等重要人物以及重要事件的卜筮情况中,均与《周易》有着密切联系。
D.从《左传·襄公九年》的卜筮记载中,我们可以看出,出现复杂情况时,史官占筮,多根据自己的意愿选择其中的一种或几种来作论断,主观随意性突出,牵强附会显著。
二、古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(19分)阅读下面的文言文,完成4-7题。
牛僧孺,字思黯,隋仆射奇章公弘之裔。
元和初,以贤良方正对策,与李宗闵、皇甫浞俱第一,条指失政,其言鲠讦,不避宰相。
宰相怒,僧孺调伊阙尉,改河南,迁监察御史,进累考工员外郎、集贤殿直学士。
穆宗初,以库部郎中知制诰。
徙御史中丞,按治不法,内外澄肃。
宿州刺史李直臣坐赇当死,赂宦侍为助。
具狱上帝曰直臣有才朕欲贷而用之僧孺曰彼不才者持禄取容耳天子制法所以束缚有才者禄山朱泚以才过人故乱天下帝异其言,乃止。
始,韩弘入朝,其子公武用财赂权贵,杜塞言者。
俄而弘、公武卒,孙弱不能事,帝遣使者至其家,悉收赀簿,校计出入。
所以饷中朝臣者皆在,至僧孺,独注其左曰:‚某月日,送钱千万,不纳。
‛帝善之,谓左右曰:‚吾不谬知人。
‛由是遂以相。
敬宗立,进封奇章郡公。
是时政出近幸,僧孺数表去位,帝为于鄂州置武昌军,授武昌节度使、同平章事。
鄂城土恶亟圮,岁增筑,赋蓑茅于民,吏倚为扰。
僧孺陶甓①从城,五年毕,鄂人无复岁费。
又废沔州以省冗官。
文宗立,是时,吐蕃请和约弛兵,而大酋悉怛谋②举维州入之剑南,于是李德裕上言:‚韦皋经略西山,至死恨不能致,今以生羌二千人烧十三桥,捣虏之虚,可以得志。
‛帝使君臣大议,请如德裕策。
僧孺持不可,曰:‚吐蕃绵地万里,失一维州,无害其强。
今修好使者尚未至,遽反其言。
且中国御戎,守信为上,应敌次之。
彼来责曰:‘何故失信?’赞普③牧马蔚茹川,若东袭陇阪,以骑缀回中,不三日抵成阳桥,则京师戒严,虽得百维州何益!‛帝然之,遂诏返降者。
时皆谓僧孺挟素怨,横议沮解之,帝亦以为不直。
会昌元年,汉水溢,坏城郭,坐不谨防,下迁太子少保。
进少师。
明年,以太子太傅留守东都。
刘稹诛,而石雄军吏得从谏④与僧孺、李宗闵交结状。
又河南少尹吕述言:‚僧孺闻稹诛,恨叹之。
‛武宗怒,黜为太子少保,分司东都,累贬循州长史。
宣宗立,还为太子少师。
卒,赠太尉,年六十九。
谥曰文简。
(选自《新唐书》,有删节)【注】①甓,砖。
②悉怛谋,人名。
③赞普:吐蕃王号。
④从谏:刘稹叔叔。
4.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是()(3分)A.具狱上/帝曰/直臣有才/朕欲贷而用之/僧孺曰/彼不才者/持禄取容耳/天子制法/所以束缚有才者/禄山朱泚以才过人/故乱天下/B.具狱上/帝曰/直臣有才/朕欲贷/而用之僧孺曰/彼不才者/持禄取容耳/天子制法所以束缚/有才者禄山/朱泚以才过人/故乱天下/C.具狱上/帝曰/直臣有才/朕欲贷而用之/僧孺曰/彼不才者持禄取容耳/天子制法所以束缚/有才者禄山/朱泚以才过人/故乱天下/D.具狱上/帝曰/直臣有才/朕欲贷/而用之僧孺/曰/彼不才者/持禄取容耳/天子制法/所以束缚有才者/禄山/朱泚以才过人/故乱天下/5.下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是()(3分)A.对策:古代应考的人回答皇帝所问关于治国的策略。
B.知制诰:知制,指承命草拟皇帝的诏令。
知制诰,后用作官名C.大酋:旧时专称少数民族或外族的首领,如匪酋、敌酋。
D.赠太尉:古代朝廷对功臣的先人或功臣本人封爵位或官职,如赠太尉。
6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是()(3分)A.牛增儒骨鲠正直,直陈时弊,不避宰相,也敢反驳皇帝的说法,穆宗对他的话感到惊异,并且取消了自己的想法,文宗认为他对吐蕃的看法是正确的。
B.牛僧儒严于执法,在任御史中丞时,追究查办不法之事,使朝廷内外得以肃清;在治理鄂州城墙时,解除了地方官吏对百姓的侵扰,用陶土制砖,使百姓不再年年被征收费用。
C.牛僧儒沉浮宦海,晚年官职时升时降,皆首党派刘稹案件的牵连,先是石雄军吏获得刘从谏与牛僧儒私交的情况,再是河南少尹昌述说僧儒为刘稹被诛的事而遗憾叹息。
D.牛僧儒为官清廉,不收受财赂,在韩弘家的账簿中,唯有他的名下写有“某月日,送钱千万,不纳”字样,受到穆宗的赞赏。
7.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(10分)(1)韦皋经略西山,至死恨不能致,今以生羌二千人烧十三桥,捣虏之虚,可以得志。
(2)赞普牧马蔚茹川,若东袭陇阪,以骑缀回中,不三日抵成阳桥,则京师戒严,虽得百维州何益!(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)阅读下面这首唐诗,完成8-9题。
惜花(唐)韩偓①皱白离情高处切,腻红愁态静中深。
眼随片片沿流去,恨满枝枝被雨淋。
总得苔遮犹慰意,若教泥污更伤心。
临轩一盏悲春酒,明日池塘是绿阴。
【注】①韩偓(842年~923年),晚唐诗人,其诗歌多再现唐王朝由衰而亡的图景。
8.诗题以花为中心,依次写了花的哪几个阶段的不同景象?请结合诗句作简要概括。
(6分)9.诗的尾联表达了作者怎样的感情?请简要分析。