阅读理解之语篇翻译(4)
语篇翻译——衔接与连贯
Chapter 7 语篇翻译——衔接与连贯语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。
它可以是独白、对话，也可以是众人交谈；可以说文字标志，也可以是诗歌、小说。
它可以是讲话，也可以是文章；短者一两句可成篇，长者可洋洋万言以上。
所以，可以说，无论是一句问候、一次谈话、一场论文答辩、一次记者招待会的问答，还是一张便条、一封书信、一份科研报告、一本文稿，都可以是语篇。
语篇包括“话语”（discourse）和“篇章”（text）。
衔接与连贯(Cohesion vs Coherence)衔接体现在语篇的表层结构上，是语篇的有形网络；连贯存在于语篇的底层，是语篇的无形网络。
衔接与连贯密不可分，衔接是实现语篇连贯的一个重要前提，但并不是说，连贯必须要以衔接为前提。
衔接(Cohesion)7.2.1 定义衔接是将语句聚合在一起的语法及词汇手段的统称，是语篇表层的可见语言现象。
. Paris I’ve always wanted to go there.7.2.2 分类衔接手段大致可分为语法衔接手段（grammatical cohesion）和词汇衔接手段（lexical cohesion）两种。
前者包括指称(reference)、替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)和关联/连接词(conjunction)；（后者指复现(reiteration)和同现(collocation)）。
（Halliday & Hason）这些语言手段形成一个有形的完整网络，使篇章的各组成部分有机地衔接起来，从而增强整个篇章的内聚力。
7.2.3英汉语衔接方式的差异1.就语句连接方式来说，英语多用连接词来连接，而汉语则通过意义来连接。
2.在语法方面，英语语法是显性的，而汉语语法则属隐性。
3.对英汉互译的启示。
7.2.4指称/照应(reference)指称是指一个语言成分与另一语言成分产生关联。
. Tommy likes ice-cream and he has always an appetite for it..Whenever he saw an ice cream, Tommy would like to taste it.. Proverbs are heirlooms, treasured and passed on from generation to generation. We assume these pithy phrases sum up timeless wisdom. But are the truisms really true Psychologists have found they’re pretty hit-or-miss. Still, they persist. After all, you know what they say: old habits—and old sayings—die hard.. The patient shook her head and stretched out her hands towards the baby. The doctor put it in her arms. She kissed it on the forehead.“But if a woman is partial to a man, and does not endeavor to conceal it, he must find it out.”“Perhaps he must, if he sees enough of her.”---Jane Austen: Pride and prejudice7.2.5 省略(ellipsis)省略是用词项空缺的方式达到上下文衔接的目的。
语篇的翻译
SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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语篇的翻译
2. 主位-述位结构
汉英两种语言在主位-述位结构上的主要 差异主要表现在汉语为主题突出型 （topic-prominent）的语言，而英 语则为主语突出型（subjectprominent）的语言。
SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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语篇的翻译
The Gateway Arch at the edge of the Mississippi River in St. Louis is the world’s tallest monument. Eero Saarinen designed the stainless steel structure that commemorates the Westward Movement.
SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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语篇的翻译
2. 主位-述位结构
见富贵而生谄容者最可耻， 遇贫穷而作骄恣者贱莫甚。
He who grows sycophantic before people of wealth and position is most degrading. He who waxes haughty in front of the poor is far too despicable.
考研阅读逐句译第篇
唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第1句A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. 单词：effort努力；dreadful可怕的；handicap障碍；proper 适当的。
结构：A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, （第一个并列句）//but, if properly handled,（条件状语） //it may become a driving force（第二个并列句）译文：长时间不费吹灰之力就可以获得成功，这样的经验可能会成为一种可怕的障碍，但是，如果处理得当，就会成为一个积极的推动力。
唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第2句 When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 单词：glow 发光；competitor 竞争者，compete 竞争；parallel 平行的，相似；unparalleled 无比的，无双的，无匹的；scale 规模。
结构：When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,（时间状语从句）// it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,（主句） //giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.（ing分词短语在句子末尾一般表示结果）译文：二战结束之后，美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期时，它拥有的市场比任何竞争者大八倍，这使其工业的经济规模举世无双。
中考英语阅读理解专项练习-综合型
综合型阅读理解一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文．（1）The TV series（连续剧）Nirvana in Fire（《琅琊榜》）is very popular．Lots of people watch the TV series on TV or on the Internet．（2）A teenage actor becomes popular along with the TV series．His name is Wu Lei．He played a role in the TV series，the name of the role is "Fei Liu"．In the TV series，Fei Liu doesn't like talk much，but he has the best kung fu at that time．（3）他尽他最大努力照顾他的哥哥．Some people say that Wu Lei is not handsome．But Wu Lei never gets angry．（4）He often says that he doesn't care about his look．He has a big dream．（5）他期待成为最好的男演员．So he works hard in every TV show．（6）His hard work on the screen won him lots of fans．I believe that his dream can come true one day．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）2．Mrs．Luo is a teacher from Shaoyang．She asked her students to hand in their homework through a QR code（二维码）．"（1）When students finish the homework，they keep it on Wechat．So I can check their homework everywhere using my computer or mobile phone．"said Luo．（2）大多数学生喜欢这种新方式，认为它有趣．"We are living in the information age．Many students like to work with computers，which makes learning more fun．" said Tingting，a student of Luo's．"The paper is not easy to keep，but the code is easy to keep and share，" Luo said，"It is worth trying to use new technology in education．Education itself is a kind of creation．（3）I don't want my students to fall behind the times．"（4）然而，一些父母有担忧．They are afraid that their children will spend too muchtime on computers and less time communicating with teachers．But in fact，it is unnecessary．Students still need to look up information in books and write it down when they do their homework．They only use the code when they hand in their work，which doesn't take them too much time．（5）As for teachers，it allows them to check the students' work at any time．And it is also an easy way to share homework with other students．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）3．66．Drinking tea bag is most Westerns' favorite way of drinking tea．Do you know how it came about？67．茶包是由一位美国人在1908年被发明的．Sullivan was sending out free tea in silk （丝绸）bags for people to try．People put the bags together with the tea leaves into the cup and added hot water．68．The tea tasted good，and people thought it was easy to lean the cup．They were not happy when Sullivan started sending them loose （散的）tea again．＝69．The man realized that he had a new thing in his hands，and he built a machine to pack the tea bags．As tea bags became popular，they were changed from silk to gauze （薄纱）and later paper．In 1952，Lipton Tea made the tea bag even more popular with its invention of the four﹣sided tea bag．Tea bags were soon a hit in the UK，and today 85% of the tea in the UK is packed in paper bags．However，many people still prefer loose﹣leaf tea．This is because some tea companies put not very good tea in their tea bags．70．但是对于大多数人来说，茶包仍然是最简单的方式．英汉互译66．67．68．69．70．4．双向互译（70）你怎样去学校？Do you walk or ride a bike？Do you go by bus or by train？For many students，it is easy to get to school．But for the students in one small village in China，it is difficult．（71）There is a very big river between their school and the village．There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats．So these students go on rope way to cross the river to school．One 11﹣year﹣old boy，Liangliang ，crosses the river every school day．But he is not afraid because he loves school．" I love to play with my classmates．AndI love my teacher．（72）他像我的父亲一样．" many of the students and villagers never leavethe village．（73）It is their dream to have a bridge．（74）他们的梦想能实现吗？70．71．72．73．74．5．Everyone is good at something，but some people are truly talented．（1）It's always interesting to watch other people show their talents．（2）才艺表演正变得越来越流行．And of all these shows，they have one thing in common：They try to look for the best singers，the most talented dancers，the most exciting magicians，the funniest actors and so on．All kinds of people join these shows．But who can play the piano best or sing most beautifully？（3）那由你自己来决定．When people watch the shows，（4）they usually play a role in deciding the winner．And the winner always gets a very good prize．Not everyone enjoys watching these shows．（5）Some people think the lives of the performers are made up．However，if you don't take these shows too seriously，they are fun to watch．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）6．We are in a world full of competition．Our parents compete with others in their offices，ourbrothers and sisters compete with others in their colleges，and we compete with classmates in school．Many of us give up in the face of competition and will never be successful．Why can't we do better than others？One important reason is that we have no self﹣confidence．In fact，everyone is born equal．You can do what others do．Although your classmates may be better than you in some ways，you may be better than them in other subjects．So everyone has his or her own advantages，①and believe that you can do better than others in those ways．Competition is not so terrible．Don't be afraid of it．And don't be afraid of those classmates who are better than you．Remember that self﹣confidence is the first step to succeed，②相信自己，总有一天你会成功的．（1）Are we living in a world full of competition？（2）How can you improve your self﹣confidence according to the passage？（3）What's the main idea of the passage？（4）将文中划线句子①译成汉语．（5）将文中划线句子②译成英语．7．语篇翻译阅读下面的短文，将画线部分译成英文或中文What can we talk about with a foreigner？If you have a chance to talk with a foreigner，what will you talk about with him or her？Maybe you have heard that （1）many westerners do not like to talk about their own lives or their families with people that they don't know well．Asking an American how much money he or she makes is a no﹣no（禁忌）．When you want to start a conversation with a foreigner，it's better to talk about what you have in common．（2）比如，你可以问他天气情况．Then，you can talk about some"safe"topics like sports，movies，and music．As you know him or her better，you can begin to talk about more personal topic with him or her．Of course，there are differences among cultures．（3）Americans like to talk about themselves rather than their families because most of them think that they are special and unique（独一无二的）．Besides，some questions like"Do you believe in God？"or"Will a black man be a good president？"may cause strong feelings in many Americans．（4）最好不要谈论这些话题．If you don't try to avoid these topics，you may cause trouble．In Brazil you can talk aboutanything except soccer．You may have a terrible fight if you talk about it with a new friend there．（5）Knowing the differences between your own culture and another is a good way to know another country．If you know more about what's important to people in their lives，you may find a good topic to talk about．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）8．A rich man was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden．On the ground lay a young tree，ready to be planted．The rich man called out to the old man，"Whatkind of tree are you planting there，my good man7 ""This is a fig（无化果）tree，sir．" He said．"A fig tree'？" the rich man was very surprised，"Why，how old are you，ruay I ask？""I am a ninety year﹣old man now．""What! " cried the rich man，①You are planting a very young tree now and it'll take years to give fruit．You certainly don't hope to live long enough to get any fruit from this tree．" Theold ruan looked around the garden．Then he said with a smile，"Tell me，sir．Did you eat figs when you were a boy？""Sure，"②那个男人不知道他为什么问这个问题．"Then tell me this，"he said，"Who planted the fig trees？""Who？I don't know．""You see，sir．" went on the old man，"Our forefathers（祖先）planted trees for us to enjoy and I am doing the same for the people after me．"The rich man was quiet and said，"You are right，my good man．We should do something meaningful for the people after us．Thank you very much．" Then he rode away．（1）How old is the old man？（2）Did the rich ruan eat figs when he was a boy？（3）What should we do for the people after us？（4）将划线①处译为中文．（5）将划线②处译为英文．9．Five things to do before you are 18Camp out in the gardenGo into your garden or your friend's．Two or three friends，a small tent，sleeping bags，food and drink are necessary．When it gets dark，tell thrilling stories，play games and eat your sweets．You will need a torch or you won't be able to see sweets，and it might get a bit too scary．Learn to swimSeriously，this is so important that it could save your life．（1）If you can't swim，you won't be able to do water sports．Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous．Collect thingsOne of the best hobbies for under﹣18is collecting things．You could collect stamps，cinema tickets and so on．The best way to collect them is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you．Try at least one kind of team sportTeam sports help you work well with other people．Being a good team player is an important skill in life．And （2）they can make you keep healthy and are also great fun．Write your family treeGet to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young．Draw a family tree and make notes about．（1）（2）10．Mrs．Miller is our English teacher．She has some pictures．Today she shows those pictures to us in class．（1）她想要我们从中学到一些东西．Here are three pictures．（2）In the first picture，we can see Mrs．Miller and her family watching the boat race on TV．Oh，it's the Dragon Boat Festival and they are really excited about the race．In the next picture，we can see Mrs．Miller reading books in the library．（3）The library is not too far from her home，so she usually goes there on foot asa kind of exercise．Every day，there are many people studying and reading there．It is veryquiet in the library．（4）米勒老师喜欢在那里阅读度过周末时光When she reads books，time goes quickly．In the last picture，Mrs．Miller is in a park．There is a pool in the park．（5）It is afternoon right now and she is sitting by the pool and drinking orange juice．She tells us the best things in life are free．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）11．（1）All over America，young people are making a difference to society．Through volunteering，they have found exciting ways to enrich（充实）their lives．Some young people choose to help others such as disabled people（2）许多年轻人关心环境．Last month，they started a discussion on the Internet about the best ways to protect the environment．Jack （A farmer）I think the best way to protect the environment is to plant more tree．（3）Trees can make theair clean and make our city beautiful．Bob（A bank worker）Driving is one cause of pollution．You'd better walk or ride a bike if you travel a short distance．So in my opinion，walking or riding a bike is a good way to protect the environment．Linda （A housewife）I usually use natural things and try to recycle things as much as possible．When I goshopping，（4）我使用一个篮子而不是塑料袋Lucy （A student）I think water is the most valuable thing．If we don't save water，it could run out．So I oftenshorten （缩短）my shower time and turn off the running water after washing my hands．We can do far more than these things in our daily life．（5）Please protect the environment from small things．After the discussion，they will do more for the environment．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）12．Housing prices in big cities are going too high．The young are getting into trouble．（1）对他们来说，拥有一套房子很有必要．But they don't have enough money．So what can they do？Some people say that they aren't able to buy a house by themselves and they don't have other ways to make so much money in a short time．（2）因此他们向父母借钱．In fact，most often they won't return the money to their parents．（3）Perhaps they run out of the money that their parents make all their lives．It's a Chinese tradition for parents to help their children，though they have grown up．（4）Some parents offer to provide their children with money．They think their children will take good care of them when they are old．Others say that parents have done a great deal already．（5）Children shouldn't depend on their parents all the time．If young people can't get so much money，why not wait until they can？（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）13．Bus Driver and Passengers Saved an Old ManAt 9：00 a．m．yesterday，bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road．A woman next to him was shouting for help．The bus driver，24﹣year﹣old Wang Ping，stopped the bus without thinking twice．61．He got off and asked the woman what happened．She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital．62．王先生知道他不得不快速采取行动．He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital．He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus．63．But to his surprise，they all agreed to go with him．Some passengers helped Mr．Wang to move the man onto the bus．64．Thanks to Mr．Wang and the passengers，the man was saved by the doctors in time．"It'ssad that many people don't want to help others because they don't want to help others because they don't want any trouble，"says one passenger．"65．但是司机并没有考虑他自己．He only thought about saving a life．"61．62．63．64．65．．14．In our daily life，much plastic package is used just once and then thrown away．According to a new study from the University of California，9% of this is recycled，12% is burnt and 79% goes to landfill．And because most plastic doesn't biodegrade，once it's in the ground，it stays there．（1）The study also shows that eight million tons of plastic waste are pouring into the sea every year．Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made：8.3 billion tons．That's as heavy as one billion elephants．And almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years．（2）每个人都应该参与拯救地球．Protecting the environment is protecting ourselves．If the environment is taken good care of，we can have clean water and green mountains．（3）绿水青山或是金山银山．What can we do as students？Just say no to single﹣use plastics like straws，cups and bags．Many people love to drink from a straw or use plastic to carry things，but they are really bad for the environment．（4）Bring your own chopsticks if you're planning to eat outside．It can be hard to remember．Just put a pair of chopsticks in your bag before you leave home．You know you're going to need some water to get you through your day．So carry a bottle（or a cup）with you．（5）That will help you avoid plastic bottles．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）15．What do you think of your Chinese？Is it good or bad？（1）如果你认为你擅长汉语，你可以参加一个比赛．The competition is Chinese Characters（汉字）Dictation Competition．（2）The competition has been popular among teenagers since last summer．Today teenagers are using computers and smart phones．（3）Many of them lose themselves in digital （电子的）products such as electronic dictionaries and computers to help with their study．Overuse of these tools will make students too lazy to think and write．（4）有些学生甚至忘记了如何写汉字．Teachers and parents are very worried about it．What can they do ？Such worries have brought about the popular TV show，Chinese Characters Dictation Competition，where middle school students stand on the stage to write down Chinese characters．（5）Over two hundred students from forty﹣six schools competed．Chen Keyu，a Grade 8boy beat the other competitors．Can you be the next winner？（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）综合型阅读理解参考答案与试题解析一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．【分析】本文主要介绍了电视剧《琅琊榜》中的演员吴磊．【解答】1．电视剧《琅琊榜》非常受欢迎．考查英汉互译．根据句中可知the TV series 表示电视剧，popular表示受欢迎的．2．随着电视剧的热播，一个十几岁的演员变得很受欢迎．考查英汉互译．根据句中teenager actor表示青少年演员，become popular表示变得受欢迎，along with表示随着．3．He tries/does his best to look after/take care of his elder brother．考查英汉互译．本文主体时态是一般现在时，其结构是主语+动词原形，但此处主语是第三人称单数，则谓语动词应用单三形式；其次try/do one's best to do sth．表示尽某人最大的能力做某事，look after/take care of表示照顾，elder表示年龄较长的．4．他经常说他不在乎他的外表．考查英汉互译．本句是一个宾语从句，其中often表示经常，care about表示在乎，look表示外表．5．He expects to be the best actor．考查英汉互译．本句时态是一般现在时，其结构是主语+动词原形，且本句主语是第三人称单数，则谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；其次expect to do sth．表示期待做某事，best表示最好的，actor表示男演员．6．他在荧幕上的努力让他赢得了许多粉丝．考查英汉互译．句中hard work表示努力工作，on the screens表示在屏幕上或者在荧幕上，won表示赢得、获得，lots of fans表示许多粉丝．【点评】本题考查英汉互译，认真阅读文章，理解文章大意，注意翻译时时态、固定短语等细节，难度一般．2．【分析】本文主要内容是西安的罗老师，让学生通过扫二维码交作业．这样老师检查作业更容易，可随时批阅．学生可以和其他学生共享作业．【解答】1．当学生完成作业时，他们会保存在微信上．句子翻译题．when当……时候，引导时间状语从句，keep继续，on Wechat在微信上．故答案为：当学生完成作业时，他们会保存在微信上．2．Most students like this new way and think it is interesting．句子翻译题．根据上下文可知用的是一般现在时，此处也应该是一般现在时，Most students 大多数学生，think it isinteresting认为它有趣．故答案为：Most students like this new way and think it is interesting．3．我不想要我的学生落后于时代．句子翻译题．want sb．to do sth．想要某人做某事，fall behind the times落后于时代．故答案为：我不想要我的学生落后于时代．4．However，some parents are worried．句子翻译题．根据上下文可知用的是一般现在时，此处也应该是一般现在时，故答案为：However，some parents are worried．5．至于教师，允许他们随时检查学生的作业．句子翻译题．As for teachers至于教师，allow sb．to do sth．允许某人做某事．故答案为：至于教师，允许他们随时检查学生的作业．【点评】本题注意考查句子翻译．注意翻译的时候要符合语法和固定搭配．3．【分析】这是一篇关于茶包发展历程的说明文．文章从西方人喜欢用茶包喝茶开始，然后介绍茶包的来历．他讲到茶包是由一个美国人Sullivan在1908年偶然发明的，原本他是为了分发免费的包在丝绸里的茶叶，人们直接将茶叶和丝绸泡进热水里发现这样的茶叶不仅口感好而且方便，随后他开始大量生产这种茶包．随着茶包的流行，茶包的材质也在不断变革，从丝绸到薄纱再到纸．1952年立顿公司（英国公司名，出品茶饮料）四面茶叶袋的发明使得茶包在英国更加流行．但是大多数人还是喜欢散装茶叶，这就导致很多公司将品质不好的茶叶放在茶包里．最后作者指出茶包仍然是最简单的饮茶方式．【解答】66．喝茶包是大多数美国人最喜欢喝茶的方式．英汉互译：由下文的信息可知tea bags 应该翻译成茶包，注意其中最高级的应用most favorite 翻译为最喜欢的．故翻译为：喝茶包是大多数美国人最喜欢喝茶的方式．67．The tea bags were invented by an American in 1908．英汉互译：主要考查被动语态的理解和掌握，被动句结构一般是：宾语（The tea bags）+be（were）+动词ed（invented）+介词（by）+主语（an American），其次注意时态，因为是1908年，所以全句是一般过去时．故答案为The tea bags were invented by an American in 190868．茶尝起来很好，并且人们认为清洁杯子很容易．英汉互译主要考查并列句，注意and的应用，and 在此处翻译成并且．此外注意代词it，指代的都是前边的tea但可以省略不翻译，使句子更简洁．故答案为：茶尝起来很好，并且人们认为清洁杯子很容易．69．这个男人意识到在他手中有一样新东西，然后他建了个机器来打包这些茶包．主要考查宾语从句的用法和理解．在这里that可以不用翻译，其次注意一些单词的翻译，realized 意识到；machine 机器；pack sth 包装sth．故答案为：这个男人意识到在他手中有一样新东西，然后他建了个机器来打包这些茶包．70．But for most people，tea bags are still the easiest way．英汉互译：主要考查最高级的用法．the+形容词最高级+名词，并且通过分析最后一句话可以知道，表达的是一般事实，因此运用一般现在时．故答案为：But for most people，tea bags are still the easiest way．【点评】这是一篇难度中等的翻译题．解答翻译这类试题时，翻译既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语和英语的语法规则和表达习惯，准确翻译．在翻译过程中首先确定考查的重点和语法结构．最重要的还有在英译汉的过程中要注意时态，语态，例如：67小题，通过分析可知，应该运用过去式．70小题，则说明的是一般事实，因此使用现在时．4．【分析】文章大意：你是怎么去上学的？对于很多学生来说，去上学很容易．但是对于偏远地区的孩子来说，可能和困难．亮亮就是其中之一，他每天要穿越一条大河去上学．【解答】70．How do you go to school？询问方式用how，上学go to school，根据句意可知，要用一般现在时，需要添加助动词do．故答案为How do you go to school？71．在他们的学校和村庄之间有一条大河．there is有，between…and…在…和…之间，village，原句是一般现在时．故答案为：在他们的学校和村庄之间有一条大河．72．He's like my father．像…一样be like，父亲father，根据句意可知，要用一般现在时．故答案为He's like my father．73．有一座桥是他们的梦想．it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to have a bridge，有一座桥，their dream他们的梦想，原句是一般现在时．故答案为：有一座桥是他们的梦想．74．Can their dream come true？他们的梦想their dream，实现come true，根据句意可知，要用一般现在时，要用情态动词can．故答案为Can their dream come true？【点评】英汉互译是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语．另外，学生多积累单词和短语，也有助于解答这类题目．5．【分析】本文讲述了现在许多才艺节目很流行，有的人喜欢这些节目，但有些人觉得表演者的生活是编造的，不过如果不那么认真，看看这些节目还是很有趣的，它很好的一点就是给了人们实现梦想的道路．【解答】（1）看着别人展示自己的才能总是很有趣的．考查英译汉题，根据题干可知，考查句型：it is+形容词to do sth做某事是…的，watch sb do sth观看某人做某事，talentshow才艺表演，故得出答案．（2）Talent shows are becoming more and more popular．考查汉译英题，根据题干，可知考查句型：比较级+and+比较级越来越…，Talent shows 才艺表演，时态为现在进行时be+doing，表示正在…，故得出答案．（3）It's up to you．考查汉译英题，根据题干，考查考查句型be up to由…决定，故得出答案．（4）他们通常在决定获胜者的时候起作用．考查英译汉题，根据题可知，考查句型playa role in doing sth在做某事上起作用，decide the winner决定获胜者，时态为一般现在时，故得出答案．（5）有些人认为表演者的生活是虚构的．考查英译汉题，根据题干可知，考查句型think+宾语从句，the lives of the performance表演者的生活，make up编造，故得出答案．【点评】做题时首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．6．【分析】本文主要讲述了我们生活在一个充满竞争的世界，很多人因为竞争轻易放弃的原因是没有自信．作者告诉我们要充满自信，不要害怕竞争，相信自己总有一天会成功的．【解答】1．Yes，we are．细节理解题．根据文中We are in a world full of competition．可知我们生活在一个充满竞争的世界里．故得出答案．2．Everyone is born equal and we can do what others do．/We can believe that we can do better than others in some ways．/We have our own advantages．细节理解题．根据文中可知很多人因为竞争放弃是因为没有自信，在第二段作者讲述了每个人生来都是平等的，你可以做其他人可以做的事情，你有自己的优势，这些都有助于提高你的自信．该题回答以第二段为依据，只要言之有理即可．故得出答案．3．Believe in yourselves，and you will be successful one day．/ We should try to improve our self﹣confidence．/ We should be full of confidence．主旨大意题．本文作者主要讲述了在激烈的竞争面前，我们一定要自信，相信自己可以获得成功．该题回答只要涉及到自信，言之有理即可．故得出答案．4．相信你在那些方面能比别人做得更好．英汉互译题．本句是一个宾语从句，believe 表示相信，从句中you can do better表示你可以做得更好，than表示比，others表示其他人，in those ways表示在那些方面．故得出答案．5．Believe in yourself，and you will be successful/succeed one day．英汉互译题．根据文中句子大意可知本句可用"祈使句，and陈述句"句型，其中believe in yourself表示相信自己，陈述句可用一般将来时，其结构是主语+will+动词原形，you will be successful或者you will succeed，one day表示有一天．故得出答案．【点评】本文是一篇任务型阅读，作此类题要求学生认真阅读文章，理解大意，仔细审题，联系上下文，在文中找到每道题的依据即可进行回答，难度适中．7．【分析】本文讲述的是如果你有机会和外国人交谈，你会和他或她谈论什么？西方人不喜欢和他们不熟悉的人谈论他们自己的生活或他们的家庭，了解自己和别人的文化差异是了解另一个国家的好方法，如果你更多地了解什么对人们的生活很重要，你可能会找到一个好话题来谈．【解答】1．很多西方人并不喜欢与他们不熟悉的人谈论他们的生活或他们家人的生活．句子翻译题．like to do sth．喜欢做某事，talk about 谈论某事，that they don't know well是定语从句，修饰先行词people．故答案为：很多西方人并不喜欢与他们不熟悉的人谈论他们的生活或他们家人的生活．2．For example，you can ask him how the weather is．句子翻译题．For example例如，you can ask him是宾语从句的主句，how the weather is是宾语从句，注意语序应该是陈述句语序．故答案为：For example，you can ask him how the weather is．3．比起聊他们家人，美国人更喜欢聊他们自己．句子翻译题．like to do sth．rather than do sth．喜欢做某事而不太喜欢做某事．talk about 谈论．故答案为：比起聊他们家人，美国人更喜欢聊他们自己．4．You'd better not talk about these topics．句子翻译题．had better not do sth．最好不要做某事，talk about谈论．故答案为：You'd better not talk about these topics．5．了解你自己的文化和另一个国家文化的不同是了解另一个国家的好方式．句子翻译题．Knowing the differences between your own culture and another 是动名词做主语，了解你自己的文化和另一个国家文化的不同，a good way to 做某事的好方法．故答案为：了解你自己的文化和另一个国家文化的不同是了解另一个国家的好方式．【点评】做题的时候要看清要求，要在理解好文意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文章中找到相关细节性的句子从而得出符合文章内容的正确答案．8．【分析】这篇短文讲述了一个90岁的老人种植无花果树，别人说他自己肯定享受不到果子了．他说他们小时候之所以能够吃到无花果也是因为祖先们为他们种好了果树，所以他也要为后代做同样的事情．【解答】（1）He is ninety years old．/90．考查细节理解题．根据"I am a ninety year﹣old man now．"可知老人90岁了，故答案为：He is ninety years old．/90．（2）Yes．/Yes ，he did．考查细节理解题．根据"Tell me，sir．Did you eat figs when you were a boy？""Sure，""告诉我，先生，你还是个小男孩的时候吃过无花果吗？""当然．"从而得知他吃过，故答案为：Yes．/Yes ，he did．（3）We should do something meaningful for the people after us．考查细节理解题．根据We should do something meaningful for the people after us可知我们应该为后人做一些有意义的事情，故答案为：We should do something meaningful for the people after us．（4）你现在种一棵幼小的树而且结果实要花费很多年．考查句子翻译．You are planting a very young tree now是现在进行时态，你现在种一棵幼小的树．take ……to ……，花费时间做某事．根据故答案为：你现在种一棵幼小的树而且结果实要花费很多年．（5）The man did not know why he asked the question．考查句子翻译．上下文用的是一般过去时，此处也应该是一般过去时态．The man did not know 这个人不知道，是主句，后面是宾语从句，语序应该是陈述句．故答案为：The man did not know why he asked the question．【点评】做题的时候要看清要求，要在理解好文意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文章中找到相关细节性的句子从而得出符合文章内容的正确答案．9．【分析】文章主要讲述了在18岁之前要做的五件事．在花园里露营，学游泳，收集东西，至少尝试一种团队运动，写家谱图．【解答】1．如果你不会游泳，你将不能做水上运动．句子翻译题，根据题干，可知if 表示"如果"，引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用will+动词原形，can't swim 不会游泳，be able to do sth能够做某事，do water sports做水上运动，故得出答案．2．它们（团队运动）能使你保持健康并且（它们）也充满乐趣．句子翻译题，根据题干，可知考查句型make sb do sth使某人做某事，keep healthy保持健康，be great fun很有趣，故得出答案．【点评】本文是一篇综合型阅读，做题时要先通读短文，弄清楚短文大意，然后在文中找出相关句子，根据句子选择正确答案．10．【分析】Miller夫人是我们的英语老师，她有一些照片，今天她在课堂上给我们展示这些照片．本文介绍的是三张照片中人们正在做的事情．【解答】本题考查句子的翻译．。
(完整版)中考英语阅读翻译专练
【2015湖南长沙】第一节语篇翻译读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文.（共5小题，计10分〉What are magic words？Words like "thank you”,”please" and "sorry” can work wonders in our daily life. These polite expressions arc used every day in America 一 among strangers, between friends or with family. 66。
People with good manners always communicate with others well by using these magic words.What should you do when you receive a gift for your birthday？ 67。
你最好坐下来写一封感谢信。
68. The words “th ank vou" are very important and used very often. We say them when someone hands us a letter, passes us a book， offers us a drink， or lends us an umbrella。
"Please” is another important word， but many people forget to use it. It is not polite to ask someone for without saying "please”. 69。
We are supposed to use it when we ask for something too。
2023届高三英语一轮复习外刊阅读理解专题课件4
unavailable.
翻译
作为Z世代的员工，沃尔和她的同事将这句话理解为他们的同事计划 做一些疯狂或不合适的事情，而不是说他们会有事。
Wall said using “slay,” which to Gen Z means “good job” or “killing it,” is one of the many examples of how she and some of her older colleagues miscommunicate.
A single year’s _e_v_i_d_e_n_ce__ (evident) was not enough to say that climate change was
the cause, Barter said. But “it’s certainly consistent _w_i_th_ what we expect [to become] the
翻译
沃尔说，使用“slay”(对Z世代来说意味着“干得好”或“杀了它”)是她 和一些年长同事沟通不畅的众多例子之一。
workers are GEN Z FROM G1 able to spread new trends to their peers much faster, _l_e_ad__in_g_
(lead) to widespread adoption.
词汇讲解
1. interpret: to decide that sth has a particular meaning and to understand it in this way 把…理解为；领会 ✓ I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
语域理论与语篇翻译
语域理论与语篇翻译一、语域与语篇翻译语域理论包括语场、语旨和语式三个方面的内容。
语场指实际发生的事情，包括语言发生环境、谈话话题以及参与讲话者的整个活动；语式指语言交际的渠道或媒介；语旨指参与讲话者之间的角色关系。
20世纪90年代，哈的姆和梅森等人将语域概念引入翻译研究中。
他们认为，语篇含义并不仅仅由语言体系自身决定，而是由整个语篇的情景语境和交际功能来决定，翻译过程中所追求的，不能只是脱离语境形式上的对等，或是单纯语义等值，而是和语境或语域密切相关的交际功能的等值。
将语域理论引入翻译领域，可以为我们提供一种描述某些超语言因素的规范，帮助我们在翻译中成功地实现意义转换（周俊青，1996：11）。
语域理论给文本分析提供了一个理论框架，而译者对源语语篇文本的理解，显然受到源语语篇语场、语旨、语式的影响。
同样，译者在生成目的语语篇时，也受到以上因素的制约。
译者要翻译一个语篇，必然首先是源语言语篇的阅读者，同时是目标语篇的生成者，译者很自然地成为了联系源语言语篇和目标文本语篇的纽带，无论是源语语篇的解读，还是其后目的语语篇的生成，都是在构建相应的语篇语境的过程中完成的（刘兴林，2005：67）。
因此，要达到交际目的，译者必须正确分析、转化语域。
本文将通过具体的例句，说明语域三要素是如何能够影响并指导翻译过程的。
二、不同语域类型的语篇翻译翻译涉及到两种语言和两种不同文化背景的参与者。
在翻译过程中，对语篇语场、语式和语旨的认识和把握，是译者决策及操作中的三个重要因素；三者相辅相成，保证信息传译中的适切。
就语篇的语域而言，译者面临两个任务。
第一，作为读者，他必须对源语语篇的语场、语式和语旨在篇章、句群及信息单元等语篇基层上的具体体现有一个全面的认识。
第二，他必须对译语语篇的相应特点，尤其是不同于源语语篇之处，有清楚的了解。
（李运兴，2001：67）（一）不同语场的语篇翻译因为使用的领域和目的不同而产生不同类型的语篇，比如文学、新闻、广告语篇的翻译，不同领域的文本总有一套独有的语言系统，包括一些常用词汇、句式、语法结构和语篇模式，这就要求译者对不同语言中同种语场的联系与区别做到心中有数，以便更好地实现两种语言的转换。
04 Unit1阅读综合素养提升训练(刷语篇)2020-2021学年七年级英语下学期单元过关必刷题
阅读综合素养提升训练（刷语篇）Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?一、阅读理解（单选）Hello. I’m Zhang Zifeng. My English name is Wendy. I am an actress (演员), but I am also a middle school student in Beijing. We have a school show on October 10th every year (每年). There are some clubs in our school, like the music club, the art club and the sports club. The students from the clubs usually show their talents (才艺) at the show.Today, it’s October 8th, the first school day after a long vacation (假期). Some students from Class Three are talking about the school show this year. Jim says, “I can play the drums. Jiang Meng, you can play the piano. And Sam, you can play the guitar. I want to sing with you two. ”“OK,” says Jiang Meng. “And Lin Han can do kung fu. We can ask him to show with us.” All of them say, “Great!”“And I can sing, too,” says Sam. “So I want to sing when playing the guitar. I also want to ask my English teacher Ms. Green to dance when I sing. What about you, Liu Yang?”“Music isn’t my favorite,” says Liu Yang. “But I like drawing. I want to draw to your music, OK?”“Sure,” says Sam.They all think the school show will be very interesting.1．The school show is on October ____.A．1st B．2nd C．8th D．10th2．______ can play the drums.A．Jim B．Jiang Meng C．Sam D．Liu Yang3．Lin Han may (可能) be a student from _______.A．the music club B．the art club C．the sports club D．the English club4．The English teacher can ______.A．sing B．play the guitar C．dance D．play the piano5．Which of the following is TRUE?A．Three students are talking about the school show.B．Liu Yang wants to draw at the school show.C．There is a show in the school every month.D．There are four days to go before (在……之前) the school show.【答案】DACCB【答案解析】本文作者张子枫。
美文赏析(六)Happiness(语篇、词汇、翻译)
美文赏析（六）HappinessEven lottery winners and the Forbes'100 wealthiest Americans have expressed only slightly greater happiness than the average American. Making it big brings temporary joy. But in the long run wealth is like health:its utter absence can breed misery, but having it doesn't guarantee happiness. Happiness seems less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.Has our happiness floated upward with the rising economic tide? Are we happier today than in 1940, when two out of five homes lacked a shower or tub? When heat often meant feeding wood or coal into a furnace? When 35 percent of homes had no toilet?Actually, we are not. Since 1957, the number of Americans who say they are "very happy"has declined from 35 to 32 percent. Meanwhile, the divorce rate has doubled,the teen suicide rate has nearly tripled, the violent crime rate has nearly quadrupled(even after the recent decline),and more people than ever (especially teens and young adults) are depressed.I call this soaring wealth and shrinking spirit"the American paradox."More than ever, we have big houses and broken homes, high incomes and low morale, secured rights and diminished civility. We excel at making a living but often fail at making a life. We celebrate our prosperity but yearn for purpose. We cherish our freedoms but long for connection. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.New words and expressions生词和短语lottery ['lɔtəri] n.抽彩给奖法，彩票slightly ['slaitli] adv.稍微地furnace ['fə:nis] n.炉子，熔炉quadruple ['kwɔdrupl] adj.四倍的shrink [ʃriŋk] v.收缩，(使)皱缩，萎缩paradox ['pærədɔks] n.似非而是的论点自相矛盾的话morale [mɔ'ra:l] n.道德观念参考译文快乐即使彩票中奖者以及《福布斯》杂志选出的前100名最富有的美国人都表示，比起一般的美国人，他们只是略感幸福而已。
语篇翻译
• The people were there and the land– the first dazed and bleeding and hungry, and, when winter came, shivering in their rags in the hovels which the bombings had made of their home; the second a vast wasteland of rubble. The German people had not been destroyed, as Hitler, who had tried to destroy so many other peoples and , in the end, when the war was lost, themselves, had wished.
• -- “Will it target only existing customers?” • -- “At first, yes. But if the TV ads go well, then we’re going to do a larger follow-up mailshot. We’ll see what happens.” • -- 这只是面向现有的顾客吗？ • -- 是的，起初是这样的。不过如果电视 广告进展良好，我们将把更多的广告信 函邮寄给潜在的顾客。我们要看一看事 情的发展情况。
• In the last twenty years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations, however, have at the same time grown faster, and so their standard of living hasn’t improved. What’s more, their increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. As a result, there has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.
语篇翻译
2
• • • • 1. 生活不全是快乐和掌声。 2. Everybody has his own trouble. 3. 最重要的是对你的生活要有正确的态度。 4. The most important thing is not to run away and give up. • 5. 记住你是如何克服困难因为这会帮你下 次避免同样的麻烦。
15
• 1 当他23岁的时候他继承了100万美元的遗产，但他一点 也不开心。 • 2．Jack decided to live a simple life like everyone else. • 3．通过每个月给孩子们寄200美元的方式，Jack已帮助了 来自于世界各地贫穷国家的许多孩子。 • 4．The money was used for the children’s study, food, medicine and clothing. • 5．直到我去到这些国家并且看到那些我正给予帮助的孩 子们，我才了解到他们的生活。/ 在我去到这些国家并且 看到那些我正给予帮助的孩子们之前，我对他们的生活一 无所知。
Hale Waihona Puke 9• • • • • 1.我想知道他们是否想念我 2.在夜晚我忍不住打电话给我的家人 3.这是自从我来到澳大利亚第一次哭泣 4.told me not to cry 5.I was so lucky that I had a good family in Sydney.
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• 71, Your life will become comfortable if you have such a new car. • 72. This kind of new cars will be as small as bikes. • 73. 如果将来每个人都开这种新型车，污染 也会变少。 • 74. 你花两万元就能买这样的新型车。 • 75. 这种新型车在市区开起来很方便，但是 不适合长途旅行。
2023七下期末英语语篇翻译
语篇翻译My friend Bobby and his family lived a simple life. They didn’t have much money to spend on anything but essential(必须的) things like food. But as the summer holiday came around, Bobby wanted to treat his kids and take them to play miniature golf(迷你高尔夫).When they arrived at the golf course(球场). Bobby walked up to the woman at the ticket counter(柜台) and said, “How much is it to get in?”They young woman replied, “$3.00 for you and $3.00 for any kid who is older than 6. We let them in free if they are 6 or younger. How old are they?”Bobby replied, “One is 3 and the other is 7, so I guess I should pay you $6.00.”The woman at the ticket counter said, “Hey, did you just win the lottery(彩票) or something? You could save yourself 3 dollars. If you told me that the older one is 6, I couldn’t know the difference.”Bobby replied, “Yes, that may be true, but the kids would know the difference. It is my responsibility(责任) to set a good example for them. That way, they can grow up and set good examples for others, too.”Then, taking his two boys by the hand, Bobby spent a wonderful afternoon with them.1．What does the underlined word “treat” mean in Chinese?A．治疗B．款待C．处理2．How much did the father pay in the end?A．$6.B．$3.C．$9.3．What did the woman advise(建议) the father to do?A．Buy a lottery ticket.B．Find differences between his kids.C．Lie about the older child’s age.4．According to the story, we can learn that the father ________A．didn’t set a good example for his kids.B．cares about how his kids grow up.C．isn’t a very responsible (负责任的) person.5．What lesson might the father’s kids learn from the experience?A．Try to be different from others.B．Playing golf costs a lot of money.C．Set a good example for others.语篇翻译1Let’s imagine(想象) you are in a toy store with your friend. The two of you want to buy a doll(玩偶) for play.If your friend looks like my daughter, Kalea, it is easy for her to buy one like her. 1. Kalea 是一个留着金发有着大眼睛的漂亮女孩。
2015年英语一真题翻译
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English尽管没有血缘关系，但朋友之间的遗传关系与第四代表亲相同，有1%的相同基因。
这是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学出版在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究所得出的结论。
这项研究是比较了多组无血缘关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人，在1932个实验对象身上所做的基因组分析。
同一批人用在了两组样本里。
尽管这1%的相同基因可能毫无意义，但对基因学家来说却并非如此。
正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的医学基因学教授James Fowler 说的：“大多数人根本不认识他们的第四代表亲，却在冥冥之中成功选择与我们血缘相近的人作朋友。
”〖HJ〗研究还发现朋友之间还有部分相同的嗅觉基因但免疫基因是不同的。
目前为止，嗅觉基因为何存在相似性很难解释。
或许，正如研究团队说的那样，相似之处把我们吸引到一个相似的环境中，而在相似的环境中有更多相似点。
有很多机制共同作用促使我们选择有着相同基因的人做朋友，而不是以“功能性亲属关系”选择能带来利益的人做朋友。
研究值得一提的一项发现是相似基因似乎比其他基因进化的要快。
研究这项发现有助于理解为何人类在过去的30000年进化速度在加快，社会环境是主要的促进因素。
研究者说这些发现不仅仅解释了人类与具有相似种族背景的人做朋友的趋势。
尽管所有研究对象都是从有欧洲血统的人中挑选，但还是要保证所有实验对象，包括朋友和陌生人都是从相同的人群中选出。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾说“国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中”。
但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安·卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。
如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。
语篇翻译(上)
• 请看下例： • A green caterpillar was slowly crawling out from under the lettuce. It was huge, fat, and apparently well-fed. It paused in its travels to survey the scene. Purple with fury, Henry could barely find his voice. (A Hard Day in the Kitchen, Shannon Hodge) • 此例中，原文由3个小句组成，第一句中主语为a green caterpillar，紧接着两句中都以it或its替代a green caterpillar做主语。这样的表达符合英文习 惯，使文章读起来自然流畅，而不显啰嗦、冗繁。 在英译汉过程中，我们不能受原文的影响，要考虑 汉语行文习惯，可以省略后两个句子的主语，可译 为：
•
语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语 言整体。它可以是独白、对话(dialogue)，也可以 是众人交谈( multi-person interchanges)；可以 是文字标志(如交通标志),也可以是诗歌、小说。 它可以是讲话，也可以是文章；短者一两句可成 篇，长者可洋洋万言以上。所以，可以说，无论 是一句问候(greeting)、一次谈话、一场论文答辩、 一次记者招待会的问答，还是一张便条、一封书 信、一份科研报告、一本文稿, 都可以是语篇。 黄国文，1997
语篇翻译不同于长句翻译特别是长语篇其翻译过程要受篇章逻辑关系的制约要受篇章中句子间的衔接照应连贯等因素的调节和制约往往是译上句就要考虑下句的摆放一步决定一步步步衔接环环相扣走了下步回头看上步真可谓一步一回首踏着节拍才能走得好
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【一】第一节翻译语篇（5小题，计10分）阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。
You are in your last year of junior high school. 66. Have you thought about what it will be like in high school? Are you ready for a fresh start in a new environment? Some high school graduates from the United States share their tips:Organize and plan your studies“The biggest thing is to stay organized,” says Philip Tubiolo, a graduate from Baypor t High Schools. 67. 他说你可以要么用纸要么用在线工具帮助你的学习. “I would transfer (转换) paper notes online and make study guides. Everything was in one spot (场所) for finals and midterms.”Find your interests“I knew I was more of a science kid.” says Bayport’s Tubiolo. “I took AP Biology in 10th grade and loved it”68. AP classes are college-level classes that high school students can take. He also joined his school’s Science Olympiad t eam.69. 在一次数学比赛中，他赢得了一等奖。
He even decided on a college major, alt hough most students don’t need to make this choice so early.Find healthy ways to relieve stress and have fun“I t’s not just study, study, study,’’ says Roslyn High School student Todd Warshawsky. “I was a track (田径) runner. That was a stress reliever from study.” Sachem North High School graduate Erin Maryzek agrees. “70.我们都应该学会在学校生活中找到一些有趣的事情” says the Northeastern University freshman.66.___________________________________________________________________________67.___________________________________________________________________________68.___________________________________________________________________________69.-__________________________________________________________________________70.___________________________________________________________________________【二】第一节语篇翻译阅读下面短文，将画线的句子翻译成英文或中文。
（共5小题，计10分）I started my school life at the age of six. At first the school for me, a boy, meant play, play and more play instead of sitting in the classroom and learning something.66. However，I changed how I used to behave at school with the help of mv teachers. I tried my best to do well in my schoolwork and follow the school rules. Growing and learning were great fun. Every year we had different kinds of public service activities. 67.Not only could we learn things from them, but also we were given chances to show ourselves. It helped us know more. In Grade 8, I won prizes in drawing and English speech competitions. 68.同时，我通过加入社团交到了许多朋友。
I am in Grade 9, and I have realized that I should give all my attention to my studies because I am going to take the exams to get into the senior high school.Soon, I’ll say goodbye to my teachers. 69.他们自我要求严格并且十分耐心。
I believe whenever I think of them, I will be thankful. And I’ll never forget my classmates who are always kind to me. School is a place where all of us learn to care and share. School is not just a place, but a large building made up of rules, knowledge and love. 70. 每个人的学校生活都充满着影响他生活的起起落落。
I can describe my school in ‘Three S S”. They are: Small, Sweetand Simple. My school was the best, is the best and will always be the best.66.___________________________________________________________________________67.___________________________________________________________________________68.___________________________________________________________________________69.-__________________________________________________________________________70.___________________________________________________________________________【三】翻译语篇阅读下面的短文，将画线的句子译成英文或中文。
（共5小题，计1Libraries give kids a quiet and safe place to read and learn. 66.在超过100年中，图书馆在美国教育方面起着重要作用。
But how are these book-filled buildings changing with the times? You may be surprised to find out.Benjamin Franklin famously founded (创建) America’s first lending library in 1731. 67.But the public library system got its biggest development in the American history in the late 1800’s. Businessman Andrew Carnegie donated millions of dollars to help build free public libraries across the country. Between 1886 and 1919, Carnegie’s donations helped build 1,679 new libraries.Carnegie believed that libraries could offer the chances to Americans, young and old. 68.He knew that the more libraries there were, the more people would have opportunities to read and use books, speeches and news.If you can easily find a public library in your community(社区), you’ll get more chances. After all, the United States has 9,225 public libraries. Today, libraries keep growing. Seven tenths of the libraries have free Internet. 69.它为人们在线提供了更多的找工作的信息和机会。