Marriage and familylife in America

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The marriage in America

The marriage in America

The marriage of AmericanHi, everyone. Today I want to share with you som ething about the m arriage of American."I do." To Americans those two words carry great m eaning. They can even change your life, especially if you say then at your own wedding. Making wedding vows is like signing a contract. Now Americans don't really think m arriage is a business deal. But m arriage is a serious business.It all begins with engagement. Som etimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The m an usually gives his fiancee a diamond ring as a sy m bol of their engagem ent. They may be engaged for weeks, m onths or even years. As the big day approaches, bridal showers and bachelor's parties provide many useful gifts.At last it's time for the wedding.The usual place for a wedding is in a church. But som e people get married outdoors in a scenic spot. The couple m ay invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations and m usic during the cerem ony. B ut som e things rarely change. The bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears "som ething old, som ething new, som ething borrowed and som ething blue". The groom wears a formal suit. Several close friends participate in the cerem ony as attendants, including the best man and the maid of honor.As the cerem ony begins, the groom and his attendants stand with the m inister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the bride's attendants, followed by the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their vows. Traditionally, they promise to love each other "for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health". But som etimes the couple has com posed their own vows. They give each other a gold ring to sym bolize their m arriage commitment. Finally the m inister announces the big m om ent, "I now pronounce you m an and wife. You m ay kiss your bride!" At the wedding reception, the bride and groom greet their guests. Many couples take a honeym oon, a one to two-week vacation trip, to celebrate their new m arriage.Alm ost every culture has rituals to signal a change in one's life.Marriage is one of the m ost basic life changes for people of all cultures. So it's no surprise to find m any traditions about getting married ... Even in Am erica. Yet each couple follows the traditions in a way that is uniquely their own.。

19世纪的美国家庭生活

19世纪的美国家庭生活

Family Life, 19th-Century FamiliesOnly in the late 18th and early 19th centuries did ideas of affectionate marriages and loving, sentimental relations with children become dominant in American family life. These attitudes first took hold among the urban, educated wealthy and middle classes, and later spread to rural and poorer Americans. This change was due to the growth and increasing sophistication of the economy, which meant that economic issues became less pressing for families and production moved outside the home to specialized shops and factories. With more leisure time and greater physical comfort, people felt that happiness, rather than simple survival, was possible. English philosopher John Locke’s theory that human beings are born good, wi th their minds as blank slates, contrasted with traditional Christian beliefs that children were sinful by nature. If this blank-slate theory is correct, then goodness can be instilled in children by showering them with kindness and love and by shielding them from the bad things in this world.Additionally, the psychological theory of sensibility, another 18th-century idea, argued that positive feelings such as friendship, happiness, sympathy, and empathy should be cultivated for a civil life of reason. By the 19th century, romanticism and sentimentality put even more emphasis on emotional attachment and the cultivation of feeling. New ideas about human equality and liberty undermined older notions of hierarchy and order. Americans applied the political ideal of “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” espoused in the Declaration of Independence to family life. Husbands were to rule, but with affection and with their wives’ interests at heart. Wives obeyed, not out of force, but out of love. Parents sought the affection of their children, not their economic contributions. This was the new ideal, but old habits died slowly. Authority, inequality, and violence declined but never entirely disappeared.By the end of the 18th century and into the 19th century, marriage was undertaken for affection, not for economic reasons. Courtship became more elaborate and couples had more freedom. They attended dances, church socials, picnics, and concerts, and got to know one another well. After the wedding, couples went on honeymoons to have a romantic interlude before settling down to daily life. Raising children became the most important job a wife performed, and children were to be loved and sheltered. Physical punishment of children did not disappear, but it became more moderate and was combined with encouragement and rewards.Servants, apprentices, and others gradually dropped out of the definition of family. Servants no longer slept within the same house as the family, and apprentices rented rooms elsewhere. By the 19th century, the nuclear family, consisting of a father and mother and their dependent children, had become the model. The ideal, loving family could be found in magazines, poems, and religious tracts. Novels promoted romantic courtship and warned readers of insincere fortune hunters or seducers when seeking a husband or wife. Love and sincerity were advocated. Still, economic considerations did not entirely disappear. Wealthy women married wealthy men; poorer men married poorer women.The economic transformations of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century brought about further changes in men’s and women's roles. Work was less likely to be done in the home, asfewer and fewer Americans lived on farms, and men left the home to work in offices and factories. Men assumed sole responsibility for the financial support of the family, becoming the breadwinners, a term coined in the early 19th century. Married women were not supposed to work for wages, and were considered too pure and innocent to be out in the working world. Women were supposed to devote themselves to domestic duties, and children were seen as young innocents who needed a mother's protection. Fathers had less and less to do with raising their children.Although the 19th-century ideal held that married women were not supposed to work, women did contribute to the family’s well-being. Wealthy women planned formal dinners, balls, and other social gatherings that were crucial to their husbands’ political and business success. Middle-class women sewed for what they called pin money, small amounts that frequently balanced the family budget. Married women in the middle and working classes took in boarders, sold hot lunches or pastries to neighbors, and saved money by doing their own baking, brewing, gardening, and other chores. It was also common in middle- and working-class families for sons to be sent to school, while their teenage sisters supported this schooling by working in a factory, teaching in elementary schools, or taking in sewing. Such work was considered acceptable as long as it was either done in the house or by unmarried young women.Many 19th-century American families did not fit into this nuclear family ideal, as it was expensive. High housing costs meant more people than just the nuclear family often lived under one roof. Extended families, including grandparents and other relatives, were most numerous in the mid-19th century. Immigrants clung to traditional extended-family forms, and poorer families often included grandparents, grandchildren, and sometimes aunts and uncles in order to maximize sources of income and save on rent. Men, women, and children worked long hours for low wages in dirty, cramped surroundings in the sweatshops of major cities. Although the ideal woman was supposed to be pure, innocent, and domestic, most poor women had to work. Taking in boarders, such as young men and women working in local factories, was another way that families earned money, although they gave up family privacy.Low wages during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, in the first half of the 19th centurymeant that even young children sometimes had to work instead of being sheltered at home. In the poorest families, and particularly among newer immigrants, children younger than 12 often worked in factories or sold newspapers and trinkets on the streets. School was a luxury for some poor families because they needed the children’s income. Because of this, illiteracy rates actually rose during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, even though public schools were more widely available.When husbands died or abandoned their families, women had no choice but to work, opening a shop if they had the capital or working in a sweatshop if they did not. Wages for women’s work were low, and prostitution, which offered more money, flourished in towns big and small. It was very difficult for a single mother or father to work and raise children, and children of single parents were often left at orphanages or simply abandoned to the streets. This was before Social Security, workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, retirement funds, health insurance,and other private and public programs existed to aid families in times of crisis.American families made a variety of compromises in the face of economic hardship. In many southern and eastern European immigrant families, where it was more important for married women to stay at home, children were withdrawn from school and sent to work so their mother could run the household. Among African Americans living in the North, educating their children was the most important family goal, so wives joined their husbands in the workforce to enable children to stay in school. In some families, men had total control over finances; in others, wives handled the husband’s paycheck. In some families, resources went to the eldest son, so he could make money and later support his parents and siblings. In other families, all boys were treated equally or all boys and girls were equal. Some families valued close ties and insisted that older children settle near their parents, while others sent their sons out West, to the cities, or simply on the road in hopes of a better future.During the 19th century, the majority of Americans continued to live on farms where everyone in the family worked, even if it was in and around the house. Women on farms still worked as they had during colonial times, although by the 19th century, they were producing butter, eggs, cheese, and other goods to sell in the nearest city rather than to trade to neighbors. Sharecroppers and tenant farmers worked long and hard for only a fraction of their produce. School was out of the question for poor children in these circumstances. In the West, the difficulties of pioneering often meant that all members of the family worked. For most Americans, these alternate family arrangements were less than desirable. Most Americans sought the private, affectionate, comfortable family life with domestic wives, breadwinning husbands, and well-educated children.The dominance of the family ideal is only one aspect of life in the 19th century. The constant emphasis on family, domesticity, and children could be confining, so men and women developed interests outside of the home. The 19th century was a great age of organizations only for men, and fraternal groups thrived. Taverns and barrooms provided a space for men to make political deals, secure jobs, and be entertained. Men formed literary and scientific societies, labor organizations, reform groups, Bible study groups, and sports leagues.The 19th century was also a period of change for women. Married women in the 19th century, who had more education and fewer children than their predecessors, founded reform groups, debating societies, and literary associations. They involved themselves in school reform, health issues, women’s rights, temperance, child labor, and other public-policy issues. A few states in the West granted women full political rights. A women’s movement demanding equal rights, including the vote, gained strength after 1848. In the first half of the century, public education extended basic literacy to many poorer Americans, and in the second half of the century women's high schools and colleges were founded, along with coeducational colleges in the Mi dwest and West. Women’s occupational choices began to expand into the new fields of nursing, secretarial work, department store clerking, and more, although work was something a young woman did only until she married. Women who wanted a career had to forgo marriage.By the middle of the 19th century, many states had passed laws allowing women control over their possessions and wages. A few states allowed divorce on the grounds of physical abuse. New stereotypes appeared at the same time. In child custody cases, women, rather than fathers, were now given control of their children because women were considered natural child rearers. This practice would persist until the late 20th century, when shared custody arrangements became common.The rise of labor unions during the 19th century was instrumental in changing the nature of work and the shape of families in America. By the end of the century unions were demanding higher wages for men, so that they could provide the sole support for their families. The unions argued that women and children should refrain from paid labor rather than become unionized and press for higher wages. Behind these demands was the ideal of the breadwinner husband and the domestic wife. Unions also sought shorter workweeks to allow men to spend more time with their families.Family Life, African American Families under SlaveryAfrican family traditions, which varied according to national origin and religion, could not be replicated in the New World after Africans were forced into slavery. The slave trade was responsible for breaking up African families, and husbands, wives, and children were liable to be sold separately because U.S. law did not legally recognize their families.Enslaved Americans were denied a secure family life. Because enslaved men and women were property and could not legally marry, a permanent family could not be a guaranteed part of an African American slave’s life. They had no right to live or stay together, no right to their own children, and it was common for slave parents and children to live apart. Parents could not protect their children from the will of the master, who could separate them at any time. About one-third of slave families suffered permanent separation caused by the sale of family members to distant regions. This might occur to punish some infraction of plantation rules, to make money, to settle an estate after a death in the owner’s family, or to pay back a debt.For the majority of slaves, who lived on small plantations with only a few other enslaved people, marriage partners had to be found on other farms. Meetings between a husband and a wife could occur only with the permission of the husband’s owner. Children stayed with their mothers. Schooling was not an option for enslaved children, and in most states it was illegal to teach slaves to read and write. The most common reason for slaves to run away was to see family members, if only briefly, although slave women rarely took to the roads both because it was not safe for women to travel alone and because it was difficult to travel with young children. For enslaved people on large plantations, it might be possible to find a partner owned by the same master, although couples could be assigned to different parcels of land or different areas of the plantation, or even to the vacation or city homes of the owner. The Christmas holiday, the onebreak from work during the year for slaves, was anticipated with excitement because it allowed separated family members to meet and spend a week together. Despite the fragility of familial bonds under slavery, enslaved men and women considered themselves married, recognized their kin in the names they gave their children, looked after their relatives and friends in cases of separation, and protected each other as much as possible.Slavery and servitude was virtually abolished between the 1770s and the 1830s in the Northern states. This meant that African Americans could legally establish families in the North. Black churches married couples, baptized their children, and recorded the new surnames that former slaves chose for themselves. Benevolent societies looked out for their members' welfare. Slaves who escaped from slaveholding areas were sheltered and moved to safer locations. Mothers and fathers both worked so their children could become educated. Although African American families in the North faced discrimination and poverty, and worried about being kidnapped by slave catchers, they had hope of maintaining their family ties.。

对于家庭和婚姻的看法英语作文

对于家庭和婚姻的看法英语作文

对于家庭和婚姻的看法英语作文Title: Perspectives on Family and MarriageFamily and marriage stand at the core of human society, shaping our identities, values, and the fabric of our communities. These institutions are not static constructs but rather dynamic entities that evolve with the times, reflecting the changing social norms and individual aspirations.Family, in its essence, is a unit of love and support, a safe haven where we learn, grow, and find solace. It is the first social circle we encounter, shaping our understanding of the world and our roles within it. The dynamics of a family are intricate, encompassing the interactions between parents, children, and extended relatives. Each member contributes to the overall well-being of the family, creating a unique and often complex web of relationships.Marriage, on the other hand, is a formal and legal union between two individuals, often with the intention of establishing a shared life and possibly raising childrentogether. It represents a commitment to each other's happiness, growth, and fulfillment. In traditional societies, marriage was often viewed as a union between two families, with economic and social considerations playing a significant role. However, in modern times, the focus has shifted towards personal compatibility, emotional connection, and mutual respect.The evolution of family and marriage reflects the changing social landscape. With the advent of feminism and the rise of individualism, roles within the family have become more fluid. Women are now actively participating in the workforce, often sharing the financial responsibilities with their partners. This shift has led to a reevaluation of gender roles and expectations within marriage and family life.Moreover, the rise of technology and globalization has further altered our perspectives on family and marriage. With increased communication and connectivity, families are now more dispersed geographically, yet still able to maintain close ties through digital means. This has led to a greater acceptance of diverse family structures,including blended families, single-parent households, and same-sex partnerships.However, the evolving nature of family and marriage also poses challenges. The increasing pressure to conform to societal norms and expectations can lead to stress and dissatisfaction. The rise of individualism can sometimes overshadow the collective well-being of the family. Furthermore, the complexities of modern life, such as career demands, financial pressures, and personal challenges, can strain even the strongest of relationships. In conclusion, family and marriage are fundamental institutions that shape our lives and communities. They are dynamic and evolving, reflecting the changing social norms and individual aspirations of our times. While they bring joy and fulfillment, they also present challenges that require constant effort and commitment. It is important to remember that family and marriage are not just about legal or societal obligations, but rather about the emotional connections and mutual support that bind us together. By fostering these connections and maintaining open and honestcommunication, we can create healthy and fulfilling families that stand the test of time.。

American’s Marriage and Family

American’s Marriage and Family

Individual Freedom and Equality in the Family
--- Americans view the family In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. Neither is it to bring honor to the family name. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality has had a strong effect on the family.
The traditional family and the ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱodern family
• In the 1950s, the majority of • Today, however, the American households were the reality is much classic traditional family --- a different. Only 25% husband, wife and two children. of American families The father was the are traditional. The “breadwinner”(the one who majority of American earned money to support the households consist family) and the mother was he “homemaker”(the one who took of Perhaps most care of the children, managed the surprising, 25% of household, and did not work American live alone. outside the home ).

American marriage

American marriage
?在美国?在美国结婚更像是不断配对拆对重组的过程而不是结成终身伴侣这在大城市尤其如此
American Marriage 美国的婚姻
By---the United States tends to look more like serial monogamy than lifetime partnership, especially in the major city. Just under half of all marriages end in divorce. • 在美国,结婚更像是不断配对拆对重组的 过程,而不是结成终身伴侣,这在大城市 尤其如此。有一半的婚姻以离婚收场。
• 不过,这一数据是一种误导,有许多人,诸如伊 丽莎白•泰勒和托德费•希尔结过多次婚。但是3∕4 的美国人却是结第一次婚之后从一而终。其余的 人则要经历数个配偶之后才能固定下来。大概有 10%的男性和5%的女性终生不婚。
• More like …than… 更像…而不是… • serial monogamy系列婚姻一夫一妻制;阶段性单配偶制 (指每一段感 情仅持续一段时间,一生中有多个配偶)
• However, this statistic is misleading, many people, such as Elizabeth Taylor or Todd Fisher marry repeatedly but threequarters of Americans who marry for the first time stay that way. The others go through several spouses before settling down and approximately 10% of men and 5% of women never marry at all.

Equal Status in Marriage and Family Life

Equal Status in Marriage and Family Life

Equal Status in Marriage and Family LifeThe founding of New China put an end to the feudal marital and family system that had endured for several millennia. Independent marriage based on mutual love and a family life in which husband and wife are equal have become the main current in contemporary Chinese Society.Women have gained the right of self-determination in marriage. In old China, over 95 percent of marriages were arranged and on a monetary basis. Over the last 40-odd years, the degree of freedom in choosing a partner has increased significantly. Sample investigations show that 74 percent of young couples make the decision themselves to wed or do so after consultation with their parents, and 80 percent of marriages of women under 40 years old are based on their own choice. Women's rights with regard to divorce and remarriage are also duly guaranteed. This fact has helped improve the quality of marriage and enhance family stability. In addition, it lays an emotional foundation for equality between husband and wife in the family.Chinese women have gained the important personal right of being able to retain their maiden names. In old China, surnames symbolized the continuity of a clan. Most women had no formal name before marriage. They adopted their husband's surname after they wed and children used their father's surname. In New China, both husband and wife have equal right to use their own names and children do not have to adopt their father's surname as was the former custom. In cities, quite a few children take their mother's surname.Women's economic independence has promoted their status in the family. In old China, family heads were predominantly men. In New China, women earn their own income through work. The share of women's earnings in total family income has risen from 20 percent in the 1950s to the present 40 percent. In some families, especially rural households which are headed by women and which specialize in certain areas of production, the money brought in by women makes up as much as 60-70 percent of the family total. As they have become economically independent, Chinese women have gained more management anddecision-making power in principal family and economic matters. Sample investigations show that in over 58 percent of urban and rural families, major affairs are decided by the husband and wife together. This figure continues to climb.Women enjoy the same rights of possession and inheritance of family property as men. In old China, family assets could only be owned and inherited by men. If a widow remarried, she could take nothing and a married daughter had no right to inherit anything from her parents. Nowadays, in the overwhelming majority of families, husband and wife jointly own family property and they have equal access to its use and allocation. It has become common practice for husband and wife to enjoy the same bequeathment rights and for sons and daughters to have equal rights as heirs.Historical changes have taken place in family relationship. The traditional family characterized by the authority of husband and patriarchal system has gradually been replaced by the modern family mode, marked by equality and a democratic and harmonious atmosphere. In both urban and rural areas, the relationships between husband and wife and between parents-in-law and daughter-in-law are equal. There is social disapproval ofill-treatment meted out to wives and daughters-in-law. Women's personal dignity, their rights to education and work as well as their ideals and pursuits, are generally respected by their husbands and other family members. In the past, a wife took on all the housework. Nowadays, in most Chinese families, husband and wife share this task together. They support each other in their careers and help each other in everyday life. In China, such families with close emotional ties are emerging in large numbers.China has 267 million families and every year about 10 million newlywed couples join their ranks. The Chinese government has consistently protected marriage and the family, emphasized equality between husband and wife, and fostered the Chinese national tradition of respect for the old, love for the young and harmonious relations in the family. Currently, the divorce rate in China is 1.54 per thousand. Because Chinese families are basically stable, family functions, such as living arrangements, child rearing and support for the elderly, are fully in evidence. Most of the elderly enjoy support and care from their children as well as society.The Chinese government pays much attention to the building of families and considers family stability and progress to be the basis for social stability and progress. Governments at all levels list enhancement of family cultural levels in their overall planning for local cultural and ideological advance. Much effective work has been done in this regard. Associations for respect of the elderly and for fostering of morals, and wedding and funeral councils have been set up in many places, effectively improving the general family and village atmosphere. Over the years, campaigns to create civilized and fine families and various other related activities have been launched in urban and rural areas. They have helped improve the overall attributes of family members and promote family democracy and harmony, between husband and wife and among all members.The Chinese government has made significant efforts to promote social welfare undertakings and accelerate the socialization of housework. The state encourages and supports efforts to expand community services. Handy help networks have been set up in large numbers, and efforts are made to develop branches that are closely related to daily life -- foodstuffs, vegetables, commerce, gas and light industrial products. Currently, various housework service facilities are surging in urban and rural China. There are 450,000 nurseries and kinder-gartens nationwide. The entrance rate to these reaches 70 percent of pre-school age children in towns and 32 percent in the countryside. Convenience foods and electrical household appliances are finding their way into families. As a result, the average time women spend on housework daily has generally decreased. In cities, professional women put an average of 3.75 hours into household chores. This is almost equivalent to the time spent on such tasks by their female counterparts in developed countries.Women's rights to decide whether or not to bear children are duly protected. In old China, women were just child bearing tools, and they were often persecuted by their parents-in-law or abandoned by their husbands because they were unable to provide any offspring, let alone a son. In New China, women are in control of their own child bearing and they can discuss with their spouses whether or not they will go through with a pregnancy. Historically, Chinese women were victims of early marriage and burdened by excessive numbers of offspring. They display great enthusiasm for the state's family planning policy and the overwhelming majority of them are willing to marry late and have children late, and to have fewer children so as to guarantee a better quality of life for them. The contraception rate among married women reaches 83 percent in the country as a whole, and over 90 percent in some places. In 1992, the birth rate for the Chinese population was 18.24 per thousand and the natural population growth rate was 11.6 per thousand, representing respective decreases of 45.4 percent and 55 percent over 1970. In the same period, the gross fertility rate fell from 5.81 to about 2.0.Maternal health is protected by the state. In old China, since there were no maternity and child care centers, countless women died from pregnancy complications or other gynaecological complaints. New China has devoted much efforts to developing health care for women and children. Governments at all levels have special functional departments in charge of maternity and child hygiene. Health centers in this regard have been set up at all levels in both urban and rural areas. By the end of 1992, China had 346 maternity and children's health care centers, 2,841 clinics and 34 pediatric hospitals, initially forming a national health network for women and children. At present, 98 percent of pregnant women in urban areas and 70 percent in rural areas can receive prenatal examinations. Modern methods are adopted for 84.1 percent of deliveries in China. Compared with the early days after the founding of New China, the mortality rate for pregnant and lying-in women has dropped from 1,500 per hundred thousand to about 94.7 per hundred thousand, and the infant mortality rate has fallen from 200 per thousand to 31.42 per thousand. Some common ailments and frequently-occurring diseases that threaten female health have effectively been prevented or put under control. Every year close to 40 million women receive preventive health checks. In the light of the poor hygienic and medical conditions and high incidence of disease in ethnic minority areas, the state has attached great importance to developing women's health care facilities there. Enormous efforts have been put into popularizing modern delivery methods, health care for women and children, prevention and control of frequently-occurring diseases and elementary knowledge of hygiene and sanitation. Much has been done to train midwives and gynecological and pediatric medical workers. In addition, authorities at all levels often organize mobile medical teams to visit farming and pastoral areas and other ethnic communities. Free medical care for women is provided in Tibet and other regions.Thanks to all these efforts, the average life expectancy of Chinese women has risen from 36.7 years in old China to the present 72 years. This is three years above the figure for Chinese men and seven years higher than the average life expectancy of 65 years set as a goal by the United Nations for the women of the world by the year 2000.However, in spite of all these achievements, the influence of feudal concepts and regional imbalances in economic and cultural development continues to show their effect. The bad habits of arranged and mercenary marriage linger on in some rural areas, especially in the outlying and backward spots. Cases of drowning and abandonment of female infants and trafficking in women occur from time to time. The Chinese government is paying close attention to these problems. It is vigorously advocating the equality of the sexes and educating women to use legal weapons to defend themselves. Strong measures have been adopted against unlawful cruel treatment of women to ensure that their legitimate rights and interests are not infringed upon.。

Unit 6 How America Lives 练习答案

Unit 6 How America Lives 练习答案

Unit 6How America LivesConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. Which of the following is NOT a major aspect of the American life discussed by the author?A. Agriculture and transportation.B. Marriage and women's social status.C. Social welfare and education.D. Family value and housing.Key: [ A ]2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1). Young people still get married, but the divorce rate is higher than the remarriage rate because many don't want to raise children. [ F ]2). The author welcomes the freer patterns of today's courtship and marriage because many young kids of his time suffered bitterly. [ T ]3). Today still very few women in universities are going up to the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget. [ F ]4). American public schools today are inferior to those decades ago. [ T ]5). Builders seem not willing to erect small homes for young married couples because it is not very profitable. [ T ]II. Writing StrategiesThis text is an essay of exposition, for it presents solid facts and major problems about American social life, though the writer inserts his own ideas at times. The whole article is clearly organized, concentrating on the major changes and problems in current American society. The paragraphs are developed by the deductive method. Each paragraph contains a topic sentence, which is proved, explained, or illustrated. For example, each of the first three paragraphs begins with a topic sentence. Can you point out the topic sentences of paragraphs 4-8?It is easy to see that each paragraph starts with a topic sentence:Paragraph 4: "American women are changing the rules."Paragraph 5: "America is worried about its schools."Paragraph 6: "Some Americans must live on welfare."Paragraph 7: "America cannot find housing for its young families."Paragraph 8: "Our prospects are still good."In order to impressively illustrate, prove, or support the topic statements, the author employs various writing strategies, such as comparison and contrast that are used to show the similarities and differences concerning the issues under discussion. For instance, the beginning paragraph contains five sentences that tell us the relevant similarities and differences by means of comparison and contrast. Can you pick out some sentences in other paragraphs that show a relevant contrast?In Paragraph 2: "The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on, as cautious people often do after a binge."In Paragraph 4: "Thirty years ago I could not have imagined a group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which, they alleged, had been denied them because they had been discriminated against. Nor could I imagine women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget. But they are doing this —and with the support of many men who recognize the justice of their claims."In Paragraph 5: "If I had a child today, I would send her or him to a private school for the sake of safety, for the discipline that would be enforced and for the rigorous academic requirements. But I would doubt that the child would get any better education that I did in my good public school. The problem is that good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate."In Paragraph 6: "In the bad old days she might have known destitution, but with family assistance she was able to hold her children together and produced three fine, tax-paying citizens." (This sentence implies a contrast: it is not the case nowadays.) In Paragraph 9: "I think of America as having the oldest form of government on earth, because since we started our present democracy in 1789, every other nation has suffered either parliamentary change or revolutionary change."As can be seen in the text, the tone is mainly objective, and it is definite and resolute when the writer expresses obligations as well as his attitudes or opinions. For example, inParagraph 6, we find two sentences: "Some Americans must live on welfare." and "…some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs." These two sentences resolutely express the moral obligation to those Americans who cannot find jobs and make the writer's attitude absolutely clear. Now list some other examples in the text to show that the tone is definite or resolute when the writer expresses obligations and his attitudes or opinions.The following examples show the definite or resolute tone of the writer.In Paragraph 1: "In a time of rapid change it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to."In Paragraph 2: "We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation. "In Paragraph 3: "Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today, although I believe that it's been difficult for some families to handle the changes."In Paragraph 5: "The problem is that good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate."In Paragraph 7: "America cannot find housing for its young families. I consider this the most serious danger confronting family life in America, and I am appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop? For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting a failure that must be corrected."III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1). They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently.→ believe in Christianity and are members of the Christian churches2). The 1980 election signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned.→ insofar as: to the extent that; were concerned: were involved3). Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today.→ With whole-hearted support4). For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting a failure that must be corrected.→ to display its inability5. We have a physical setting of remarkable integrity.→an extraordinarily unspoilt physical environment2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.restraint constraint1. Options are offered subject to staff availability and timetable constraints.2. Reminding all concerned that violence breeds violence, they repeat their appeal for calm and restraint.3. The appalled chief warned his violent officers to show restraint.4. We have just been looking at the number of coal mine accidents, and they can certainly be a big constraint on what China is striving for.expect hope1. We are expecting rain again late this afternoon according to the weather report.2. A draw seems to be the best they can hope for.3. I can't manage that by myself, and I don't see why it should be expected of me either.4. Diplomats hope the meetings will help build mutual trust.rejection refusal1. The rejection of the plan by the Congress three weeks ago led to a major protest by the administration.2. Their refusal to compromise will inevitably invite more criticism from the UN.3. His refusal to talk was sheer stubbornness.4. The rejection of such initiatives indicates that the voters are unconcerned about environmentalallege assert1. Mr. Helm planned to assert that the bill violated the First Amendment.2. She has strong feelings about the alleged growth of violence against female officers.3. The Nordic countries have been quick to assert their interest in the development of the Baltic countries.4. The enquirer dug deeper into the alleged financial misdeeds of his government.3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.allege prospect ponder recipient discriminated compassionate destitution grievously reaffirmation dreadful binge dole1). When his prospective employers learned that he smoked, they said they wouldn't hire him.2). In him the polarities of life are resolved and balanced, male and female, strength and compassion, severity and mercy.3). Inarticulate and rather shy, he had always dreaded speaking in public.4). Allegations of brutality and theft have been leveled at the army.5). Our government cannot keep doling out money to those who are fastidious about the jobs offered to them.6). He was deeply grieved by the sufferings of the common people.7). Many studies have shown that "restrained eaters" will eventually binge and relapse.8). He reaffirmed his commitment to the country's economic reform program.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). couple→ Over-use of those drugs, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.2). tax→Overcrowding has taxed the city's ability to deal with waste.3). turn→ She announced that she was going to turn professional.4). just→ It's not just a financial matter.5). sharp→ In the hot sun the rain-washed herbs smelled sharp, spicy, and sweet all at once.6). husky→ His voice was husky with grief.5. Fill in each blank with a conjunct, selected from those supplied in the parenthesis, which provides the most natural development of thought.Thank you very much for lending me this book. (1) Actually (Furthermore/So/Actually) I'm afraid I didn't understand much of it. (2) Consequently (Consequently/On the other hand/However) I read less than half of it! (3) Nevertheless (Thus/Besides/Nevertheless) it's a subject that interests me. (4) Moreover (Therefore/Moreover/Consequently) it's one that I need to know more about for my work.(5) Besides (In fact/Thus/Besides), this isn't the first time that I've tried to find out something about it, as you may remember. (6) Therefore (Therefore/In fact/And yet) you can see I'm not giving up! (7) However (Furthermore/However/Thus) I haven't got a lot of time to spend on it. (8) So (So/Nevertheless/On the other hand) perhaps you'd be good enough to send me that simpler book you mentioned.6. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves (1) rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared to (2) take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They will take any sort of job (3) anywhere rather than be unemployed. They do not care to be looked after by the government. The (4) average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life.Americans have a warmth and friendliness which is (5) less superficial than any foreigners think. They are considered sentimental. When on ceremonial (6) occasions they see a flag, or attend parades celebrating America's glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. Reunions with family and friends (7) tend to be emotional, too. They like to dress correctly, even if "correctly" means flamboyantly. They love to boast, (8) though often with tongue in cheek. They can laugh at themselves and their country, and they can be very self-critical, while remaining always intensely patriotic.The U. S. A. is reputed to be a classless society. There is certainly not much social snobbery or job snobbery. The manual worker is usually quite at (9) ease in any company. This is partly explained by the fact that people of all (10) income groups go together to the same schools. Americans are far more race-conscious than they are class-conscious.IV. Translation1. Translating SentencesTranslate the following into English.1). 假如你要去英国度假,那么你在与天气打赌。

翻译分段式

翻译分段式

法国散文家孟田说,与治理一个王国相比较,治理一个家庭所遇到的麻烦几乎一点儿都不少。

Montaigne, a French essayist, says, here is little less trouble in governing a private family than a whole Kingdom.在美国,家庭与婚姻变成了一个越来越复杂的问题。

Family and marriage has become an increasingly complicated issue in America.一方面,有些人认为幸福家庭的理想是健康社会的基础。

On one hand, some people hold an ideal of the happy family as the foundation for a healthy society.在一般人的想象中,家庭依然是维持是情感和道德的一个本源。

Family is still a source of emotional and moral sustenance in collective imagination.他们描绘了一幅美丽的图画:宁静而又自然的快乐,因为他们相信有条不紊的生活给他们带来幸福。

They paint such a rosy picture: peaceful and natural joys, for their belief that the regularity of life brings them happiness.另一方面,由家庭主妇的妻子、挣钱的丈夫和两个或两个以上孩子所组成的理想家庭已经变得像中世纪那么古老。

On the other hand, the idealized family composed of a homemaker wife, a breadwinner husband, and two or more children has become medievally old-fashioned.人们看到了严酷的现实:人们结婚,随着激情的消退,婚姻不再能给予情感上的满足,他们就与自己的配偶离婚。

The Changes of Marriage and Family Patterns in America

The Changes of Marriage and Family Patterns in America

The Changes of Marriage and Family Patterns in America美国婚姻家庭模式的变化AbstractFamily is the basic institution and the bedrock of all societies. Family structure and family life can mirror the moral values, cultural traits and national characteristics of the society. The American society has changed a lot since the 1960s in material wealth. The enormous material wealth and the development of science and technology have also pushed people to look for more self-fulfillment. As a result, people are more and more tolerant toward people who do not follow the traditional cultural patterns. Meanwhile, marriage and family patterns have experienced tremendous changes which have tremendous influences on the American society, men, women and children. Studying the changes of American marriage and family patterns and the influences can provide us some valuable information.Key Words: American marriage; Family patterns; Changes; Influences摘要家庭是社会的基本单位,也是社会的基石。

Unit1FamilyandMarriage

Unit1FamilyandMarriage

Unit1FamilyandMarriage背景知识DefinitionMarriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found. Such a union, often formalized via a wedding ceremony, may also be called matrimony.PolygynyChinese:一夫多妻Is a form of marriage in which a man has two or more wives at the same time. Usually one wife is the “queen wife” who is accorded a h igher status than the other wives and has some authority over the other wives.The history of polygynyIn IndiaIt was known to have been practiced during ancient times In the Hebrew BibleIt was a permitted practiceIn the United StatesIt was allowed in the early history of LDS ChurchIn the United StatesAchild has more than one motherChild betrothalsChinese:娃娃亲a child's parents arrange a marriage with the parents of a child from another family Arranged marriageChinese:包办婚姻is one in which someone other than the couple getting married makes the selection of the persons to be wed, meanwhile curtailing or avoiding the process of courtship. Information of arranged marriageTo some extent, they don't know each other before the matrimony.Arranged marriage is a tradition handed down through many generations. Today, arranged marriage is largely practiced in South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh), Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia and East Asia.Priests or religious leaders as well as relatives or family friends play a major role in matchmaking.Free marriageChinese:自由婚姻You have the liberty to love and wedlock can go even without loveThe freedom of marriage and divorce freedom make up the complete meaning of free marriageFlash marriageChinese: 闪婚Or blitz marriageIs the English translation of a Chinese term that originated in the early 21st centuryto describe a marriage between partners who wed after knowing one another for less than 7 months?Hidden marriageChinese:隐婚Hidden marriage is that who have fulfilled the legal procedures of the marriage, but don’t declare his "married" status to the public. Many married men and women in the cityconceal their marital status, and go out without a ring in their ring fingers, like a noble single going in and out all kinds of places.Naked marriageChinese:裸婚Doing without a ring, apartment and car, is becoming more acceptable to young people who want to get married sooner rather than later.Reading to Develop Your Ideasby Song JiangqinUnit 1 Family and MarriageSection One Pre-reading1. Background Information2. Appreciation of the famous sayingsNo matterhe is a king or an ordinary person, the lucky stone is who can obtain happiness in family.无论他是国王还是普通人,最幸运的人是能在自己家里获得幸福的人。

Unit 4 Marriage and Family

Unit 4 Marriage and Family

Perspective:
ThirdThird-person omniscient point of view
Analysis
What’ What’s the reaction of Mrs. Mallard on hearing the bad news? What kind of life did she live? Why did she go away to her room alone? What does the open window symbolize? What did he see outside the window?
Hyperbole(exaggeration) Hyperbole(exaggeration): Para.3 When the storm of grief had spent itself… itself… Oxymoron (conjoining contradictory terms as in ‘deafening silence’ ): silence’ Para. 11 She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy… joy…
Concise Powerful Acute & sensitive
Symbols
Door: a social barrier which separated her own world and the others’ patriarchal society, others’ separated convention, tradition and freedom, separated reality and ideal. Window: The world outside the window represents the free world she dreamed of.

onthedifferencesandsimilaritiesofmarriagebetweenchinaandamerica

onthedifferencesandsimilaritiesofmarriagebetweenchinaandamerica

onthedifferencesandsimilaritiesofmarriagebetweenchinaandamericaOn the Differences and Similarities of Marriage between China and America摘要古今中外, 人的本性都是一样的, 都有七情六欲, 都表现喜怒哀乐, 都产生爱与恨的心理。

但由于地理环境、历史背景、发展过程及其他方面的不同, 各个民族又各有其特性。

与具有五千多年悠久历史的中华民族相比, 美利坚民族仅仅走完二百多年的历史征程, 中美文化自然会有相去千里的个性。

美国社会张扬“个性”, 重视个人的权益和自由; 而中国社会注重伦理生活, 注重人与人之间的相互依存关系。

其中较能体现中美民族文化特性的婚姻观念在中美文化中都占有一定的比重。

从对比中可以发现中美婚姻观念有其特有的异同之处,对进一步分析中美文化有着重要的意义。

诚然, 随着社会的发展和中西文化的交流融合, 人们对中美婚姻的认识也在发生着某些细微的变化。

但是根本的观念仍然未变, 因为一个民族要想长存于世, 不但要有适应时代潮流的能力和与其他民族共存共荣的心胸和气魄, 而且更重要的是坚持自己文化的根本, , 保持自己社会的特色。

本文旨在对中美婚姻的异同进行研究。

一种婚姻模式的形成源于多种因素,毫无疑问,文化是其中最重要的一个方面。

本文从跨文化的角度来探讨婚姻差异背后的文化因素。

通过对造成婚姻差异因素的深刻理解,作者展开对文化融合问题的进一步讨论。

全文共分为四个部分,第一部分是对婚姻的概述。

通过对婚姻的定义、作用的简单阐述来对婚姻作一个叙述。

第二部分是对中美婚姻相似点与不同点以及婚姻中美文化交融的论述。

通过对中美婚姻的对比分析,揭示存在的相似点和不同点及文化融合现象。

第三部分阐述了中美婚姻存在差异的原因。

通过对中美文化的比较,透析中美婚姻存在差异的原因。

高中英语 精华双语文章 伊朗和美国的婚俗素材

高中英语 精华双语文章 伊朗和美国的婚俗素材

高中精华双语文章:伊朗和美国的婚俗作者是一位生活在美国四年了的伊朗人。

虽然生活了四年,对美国的风俗仍然不习惯,尤其无法理解美国人把求爱和约会异性当成一种嗜好。

虽然美国的婚姻完全的自主、自由,但作者还是比较喜欢自己国家严谨、庄重、诚实的婚俗。

Marriage in Iran and America伊朗和美国的婚俗Though marriage is practiced in almost all countries of the world, the customs are quite different from one culture to another. It is interesting for me to compare the customs of marriage in the United States with those in my country.虽然几乎全世界所有国家的人民习惯上都操办婚事,但结婚的风俗具有某一种文化观念的国家同另外一些文化观念的国家却完全不同。

让我来比较一下美国的婚俗跟我的祖国伊朗的婚俗是很有趣的。

I've lived in the U.S. for four years now, but I'm still not comfortable with the customs here. In fact, what seems strange to me is that courting or dating is not always for the purpose of finding a husband or wife. Some people seem to do it as a hobby.虽然到现在为止我已经在美国生活四年了,但我对这里的风俗仍然感到不习惯。

事实上,令我感到不可思议的事情就是在美国求爱和约会异性的目的并不总是为了要找到丈夫或老婆。

美国家庭生活American Family Life

美国家庭生活American Family Life

One-parent/ single-parent family Blended family Homosexual/ gay/ lesbian family Dink family
Introduction
101 million US households – 70 million are families. A very small percentage of American households consist of a working father, a stayat-home mother, and children under 18. About 15% of American households consist of two working parents and their children. The majority of American households consist of married couples without children, single parents and their children, or unrelated people living together. 25% of Americans live alone. Average family size – 3.2 people
The nuclear family consist of a husband, wife and their children, living in a house or apartment.

Family Types
The extended family Consist of the immediate family, and other relatives connected by blood or marriage.

《我对婚姻和家庭的思考》英语作文

《我对婚姻和家庭的思考》英语作文

《我对婚姻和家庭的思考》英语作文英文回答:Marriage and family are two fundamental institutions that have played a vital role in human societies throughout history. They provide a framework for procreation, socialization, and the transmission of cultural values.The concept of marriage has evolved significantly over time, but it generally refers to a legally or culturally recognized union between two individuals. Marriage provides a sense of security, stability, and companionship, and it can also serve as a symbol of love and commitment.Families come in many different forms, but they all share the common goal of providing a supportive environment for their members. Families can be nuclear (consisting of two parents and their children), extended (including grandparents, siblings, and cousins), or blended (formed by combining two or more families).The institution of marriage has faced challenges in recent decades, as divorce rates have risen and people have become more accepting of alternative forms of relationships. However, marriage remains an important part of many societies, and it continues to provide a valuablefoundation for families.Families also face challenges in the modern world, such as economic pressures, social changes, and the growing influence of technology. However, families remain a vital source of support and belonging for their members, and they play a crucial role in the development of children.中文回答:婚姻。

美国家庭

美国家庭

Defense of Marriage Act was ruled unconstitutional by a federal district court judge in July 2010. This decision was appealed in October 2010. On February 23, 2011, Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Justice Department would cease legal defense of the Act's Section 3 at the direction of President Barack Obama, who had reached a conclusion that Section 3 was unconstitutional. 2008年美国总统大选,同性恋婚姻的合法化就是美国两个政 党,民主党和共和党争论的敏感问题。 2009年6月6日,美国 总统奥巴马宣布6月为“美国同性恋月 ” ”(Homosexuality on the United States),亦在为支持同性恋者的权利。
mobile homes
The role of man and woman in a family
The culture imposes set roles upon parents. Man: “breadwinner”—responsible for financial support of the home and family members. Woman: housewife—responsible for emotional support, child raising, and housekeeping. Changes: working mothers, househusbands

小学英语双语阅读系列幸福生活昔日“全美最幸福的人”是否依旧幸福素材202222022271

小学英语双语阅读系列幸福生活昔日“全美最幸福的人”是否依旧幸福素材202222022271

昔日“全美最幸福的人〞是否依旧幸福2022年?纽约时报?请盖洛普为基于年度盖洛普幸福指数评出的“全美最幸福的人〞颁奖。

当时?纽约时报?是这么描述的“一位高大的亚裔美国人,有孩子,已婚,至少65岁的典型犹太教徒,住在夏威夷,有自己的事业,家庭年收入超过12万美元。

〞他就是阿尔文·王。

现在,根据2022年的幸福结果,夏威夷依然是这个国家最幸福的城市之一,但是最近它没能保住榜首之位〔掉到了第八位〕。

这可是四年来的首次。

鉴于近期夏威夷地位的下滑,我们想知道全美最幸福的人——现年72岁却任然效劳于一家为社区的老人们提供效劳的机构的人——是否依然幸福。

4年前,王进入了公众的视线,人们也开始思考为什么他的简单并且幸福生活是如此的与众不同。

Wong didn't think much about his happiness before being dubbed something of an expert on the topic. "Everybody would ask me the same question," he tells The Huffington Post. "What is the secret to your happiness? And at first it was amusing, but a part of this is really sad. People from all over the world called. 'Give me the secret so that tonight I’m going to be very happy for the rest of my life.' It struck me, first, as funny, but then as sad."在被称为这方面的专家之前王没怎么思考过他的幸福之源。

美好的婚姻英文唯美名言

美好的婚姻英文唯美名言

美好的婚姻英文唯美名言1、The only greatness of marriage lies in the only love, the mutual loyalty of two hearts. ——Roman Roland2、If not every husband thinks his wife is beautiful, at least every fiance thinks his fiancee is beautiful. ——Hegel3、The most important thing in a person's life is to find himself, but in marriage it is discovered by others. ——ran lal4、Love is the egoism of two people. ——La Salle5、Marriage is not+=, but.+.=. That is, two people cut off their own personality and shortcomings, and then make do together. ——Zhang Hong6、Marriage is based on love, attachment and respect. ——Leonidova7、Marriage without conflict is almost as hard to imagine as a country without crisis. ——Maurois8、The high divorce rate reflects at least two differences between good and bad: the good thing is that people's ideas have turned to humanization, and they are forbidden to bind themselves instead of feudal ideas; the bad thing is that they are careless about marriage and have no idea what to marry. ——Anonymous9、Only marriage based on love is moral. ——Engels10、The best and most painful thing is love! The noblest and meanest is marriage and family. ——Strindberg11、I see no marriage that breaks down earlier and worse than a marriage that only looks and desires——Montaigne12、Marriage is essentially an ethical relationship. Marriage is an ethical love with legal significance. ——Hegel13、Marriage talks about wealth. —— (Sui) Wang Tong14、Don't be reluctant to love, but be responsible for marriage. ——Roland15、A hasty marriage is less happy. ——Shakespeare16、A revolutionary will never put lover's problem more important than revolution, which will make mistakes. To deal with marriage problems, we must be serious, don't be hungry, don't ask politics, just look at the appearance, and as a result, many disputes will arise, or life will not end. Young people must pay attention to choosing their own objects in the revolutionary struggle, and often show a person's political quality on this issue. Don't put it in an inappropriate position, you must treat it seriously! ——Wang Ruofei 17、An unhappy marriage is like a hell. A lifetime of fighting over chickens and geese will lead to no peace of mind. On the contrary, if you choose a satisfactory spouse, you will have a hundred years of harmony and endless happiness. ——Shakespeare18、Friendship is like marriage, and its maintenance depends on avoiding unforgivable things——America19、Marriage is either heaven or hell. ——Anonymous20、When dealing with marriage problems, we must be serious. We should not be hungry, don't ask politics, and just look at the appearance, resulting in many disputes or poor life. ——Wang Ruofei 21、Marriage that only pursues looks is usually just a vulgar transaction. ——Luo? Green22、The balance of love and the weight of money will lose the balance of happiness; When a marriage is sold, it is often the beginning of love tragedy. ——Anonymous23、Marriage is like wearing shoes, only the feet know whether it is comfortable or not. —— Lei Shuyan24、In a truly happy marriage, friendship must be combined with love. ——Mo Luoya25、Where there is a marriage without love, there is love without marriage. ——Franklin (USA)26、Marriage is not a lottery ticket. Even if you lose, you can't tear it away. ——Knowles27、Difficult love is 365,000 roses in moonlight poetry, plus eternity; A difficult marriage is an account book certificate with 365,000 quarrels and patience; A difficult life is neither of the above. ——Zhu Deyong28、A person can fall in love at an appropriate time, just like catching measles, and then, like measles patients, he can ride out the difficulties comfortably in the arms of marriage with a mixture of butter and honey, and never get infected again. ——John? john galsworthy29、Marriage is based on love, attachment and respect. ——Leonidova30、People are vulnerable to desires. Kindness and responsibility are precious because they can resist destructive desires.31、The definition of marriage is: "Get one person and lose the whole world." I am willing to give up the world because of you.32、Where there is a marriage without love, there is love without marriage. ——Franklin33、People whose family and friends are not optimistic can't marry.34、Woman, when you don't love your husband any more, don't lose your temper with him at will. This is creating a time bomb.35、An unhappy marriage is like a hell. A lifetime of fightingover chickens and geese will lead to no peace of mind. On the contrary, if you choose a satisfactory spouse, you will have a hundred years of harmony and endless happiness. ——Shakespeare36、The four criteria for a man to find a wife are: appearance, quality, ability, family background; The four criteria for a woman to find a husband are: ability, quality, appearance, family background. The most important quality of a woman is kindness, and the most important quality of a man is responsibility.37、Marriage is like a bridge, connecting two completely lonely worlds. ——Kiel Kessler38、Love has three characteristics: First, love is not self——controlled; Second, when you love someone, you will never love TA again; The symbol of love is "I miss you", and the person you miss every day is the one you love.39、Late——maturing women harm themselves for a lifetime, while late——maturing men harm the whole family for a lifetime.40、Low IQ can be made up by memorizing stupid birds and flying first; Low EQ can be compensated by learning love skills and marriage rules.41、The persistence of marriage depends on two hearts, not their bodies. ——Xu Rusi42、Women struggle in love; Men struggle in marriage; A third party struggles in an affair. ——astringent girl43、The happiness of marriage is not entirely based on prominent identity and property, but on mutual respect. The essence of this happiness is humility and simplicity. ——Balzac44、Men usually admit mistakes just because they don't want to quarrel, but don't really think they are wrong.45、Marriage can be found, and everyone can find it. Marriage, asa social requirement of humanity, will appear somewhere in everyone's life. —— Tan Ailin46、A modern woman can't have no normal social interaction because of marriage, and can't suppress herself.47、The person who can arouse your passion and the person who can live with you can hardly be the same person without two or three years' association.48、The desire for control between men and women comes from sexual desire.49、Woman, you must grasp the real things in marriage!50、Marriage can't be forced. In fact, a forced marriage iseither an empty shell or a bomb, and it won't end well.51、Marriage is a great test of life. ——Ibsen52、Accommodate, tolerate, yield, accept, adapt to forgiveness, understanding, compromise, tenacity and destiny. Marriage and love can train decathlon.53、Instead of marrying a ruthless smart woman in MoMo, it is better to marry a passionate and blunt woman. ——karl popper54、People who marry only for money are extremely evil; People who marry only for love are extremely stupid. ——Johnson55、A hasty marriage is less happy. ——Shakespeare56、The most devastating problem in marriage lies in the lack of communication, especially in love and money. ——Oates57、A happy marriage needs not only the exchange of ideas, but also the exchange of feelings. Keeping your feelings in your heart will push your wife out of your own life. ——Austin58、Before deciding to divorce, there is a long, painful anddifficult process of thinking about the reasons, that is, a process of comprehensively putting forward the basis for one's own decision from the perspective of personal needs, interests, opinions and values. ——Sesenko59、Only love can make marriage sacred, and only a marriage that makes love sacred is a real marriage. ——lev tolstoy60、In marriage, everyone has to give and take back something: this is the law of supply and demand. ——romain rolland61、Marriage based on love is incomparable happiness in the world. —— Liang Shiqiu62、The toughest bond in marriage is not children, not money, but spiritual growth. Love is sometimes a kind of friendship. —— Yang Lan63、Only by knowing each other and understanding each other, and then by tolerating and loving each other, can a happy marriage be maintained.64、Sometimes marriage can make a woman lose herself——otherwise, there should be many outstanding women in the world. ——San Mao65、In marriage, if you want love to last, you need to make it novel. In other words, it is to add blood and flesh to the original sad and touching plot. ——Charlton slave66、A marriage without conflict is almost as unimaginable as a country without crisis. ——Maurois67、Love regards happiness as its goal, while marriage regards life as its goal. ——Balzac68、Men know the virtue of women because of marriage; Women know men's stupidity by getting married. ——Hasegawa69、The premise of a happy marriage is to try to meet eachother's needs. But it is impossible to be completely satisfied, so we should also learn to recognize the reality wisely. ——Osborne70、Marriage is a book. The first chapter writes poems, and the rest is plain prose. ——Knicks71、Marriage is either heaven or hell.72、Family relations are based on marriage, while marriage is rooted in the natural complementarity or interconnection between the two sexes. ——Kant73、The happiness that married people get from each other is only the beginning of marriage, and it is by no means the whole meaning. The whole meaning of marriage lies in family life. ——lev tolstoy 74、The occasional betrayal of the body can be forgiven, but the long——term betrayal of the soul cannot be tolerated. Sometimes itis difficult to be confused, and sometimes it is necessary to make quick decisions, which is the great wisdom of marriage. —— Wang Haiou75、There is no perfect person in the world, but there can be perfect fit. Home is a woman's dream, while a woman is a man's dream. Couples who can turn dreams into reality can last for a long time. In reality, couples who can dream occasionally are happy fairy couples. ——Jiang Zilong76、Marriage is essentially an ethical relationship. Marriage is an ethical love with legal significance. ——Hegel77、Marriage, in essence, has a safe haven, and at the same time, it is a battlefield of self——training. ——Guo Fen Kang Xiao78、If you "marry in a hurry", you are willing to take the risk of becoming an unfortunate person. ——Suhomlinski79、The most valuable thing in husband and wife's life is sincere trust and consideration. ——Munir Nassov80、Being the same is a marriage. Some people regard it as a trifle, while others regard it as the most solemn thing in the world. ——lev tolstoy。

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• Stepfamilies are becoming more familiar in America. • Divorce rates are rising and the remarriage rate is rising as well, therefore, bringing two families together making step families.
American Family Structure
美国家庭结构
Extended family
大家庭
• The extended family consists of grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. • In some circumstances, the extended family comes to live either with or in place of a member of the nuclear family.
Step Families 再婚家庭
Single parent 单亲家庭
• A single parent (also termed lone parent or sole parent) is a parent who cares for one or more children without the assistance of the other biological parent. • Single-parent homes are increasing more and more as married couples divorce, or as unexpected pre-marital pregnancies occur.

Marriage Agreement
婚姻契约
• A marriage agreement is a legal contact, just like any other type of contract such as the contract you might have with a landlord or a business partner. It’s a written document that summarizes each person’s obligations to the other. • A marriage agreement identifies who each of you are and usually makes some statement about the purpose of the agreement. Then it sets out a series of promises that you each make to the other. • Marriage agreements can be between spouses who are already married or people who are planning to marry with the intention that it will take effect on the date of their marriage.
好莱坞影星道格拉斯: 捆绑“花心”的婚姻协议
• 与有“登徒子”绰号的 美国影星米哈依尔· 道格拉 斯结婚的泽塔琼斯,可能 知道丈夫的嗜好,于是在 婚约中规定了这样的条 款———如果道格拉斯拈 花惹草欺骗了她,道格拉 斯应付给她500万英镑的 赔偿,而一旦离婚,则按 照他们婚姻持续时间确定 赔偿金,每一年应付道格 拉斯夫人100万英镑。
No-Fault Divorce Laws
In 1969, at the time, the California governor Ronald Reagan signed the domestic first a allow "without fault divorce" bill, husband and wife may not allow in fierce clashes in the peace the end of a relationship. 1969年,当时的加利福尼亚州州长罗纳德· 里 根签署了美国国内第一部允许“无过失离婚” 的法案,允许夫妻可以在不发生激烈冲突的 状况下和平结束婚姻关系。
Nuclear family 核心家庭
• The nuclear family is considered the "traditional" family. • The nuclear family consists of a mother, father, and the children. • The two-parent nuclear family has become less prevalent, and alternative family forms have become more common.
Julia Roberts of Premarital Agreement
• 茱丽娅· 罗伯茨和丈夫丹 尼· 莫德2002年7月结婚。 • 婚前,茱丽娅也与丹尼签 下了婚前协议书。内容指 茱丽娅一旦生了孩子,而 茱丽娅要跟丹尼离婚的话, 丹尼便会得到接近700万 美元的分手费。 • 相反,没有生孩子而离婚 的分手费则是90万美元。
• If you’re considering a marriage agreement, discuss the idea with your spouse or future spouse, and then discuss it with a lawyer. • If trouble comes and your spouse breaks the agreement, you can sue to enforce the agreement, just like any other contract.
Requirements for a Marriage Agreement
• Signatures must be witnessed by at least one person. • Agreement take effect on the day you get married if you’re signing it before your marriage. • The witnesses do not become parties to your agreement.

Why Every Married Couple Should Sign a Contract
Words and Phrases
1. prevailing: 流行的(P1,L1) 2. assume responsibility for:承担 责任(P2,L1) 3. tailor: make sth fit a particular person剪裁,量身定做(P2,L2) 4. stipulate:规定,明确要求(P2, L3) 5. custody:监护权(P2,L4)
常人协议也疯狂
美国宾西法尼亚州的一名会计师与她32岁当汽车销售商 的老公在婚前共同拟定一份协议,在长达27页的“文件” 中,罗列的条款有: • 1.每周相处的时间要够20个小时;2.每周房事不少于 3次;绝不同他人发生性关系;3.不吃剩菜剩饭,一天的 热量摄取限于2000卡;4.每天刷两回牙,要用除味漱口水, 每天洗澡,一星期洗头3至4次;严格按预算花钱,娱乐及 个人用品每周消费限于20美元……他们在“文件”上签名, 邀人作证、公证,最后交律师备案,目的是“让婚姻牢 固”。谁不遵守合约,另一半可理直气壮地要求离婚,违 约方将放弃所有财产权,并要支付律师费。

实行无过失离婚之前,大部分州都要求离婚 的一方提供对方的过失行为证据(例如通奸 或暴力),即使双方都同意离婚,也需要提 供这样的证据。 据统计,多半诉请离婚的都是年收入在6万美 元以下的家庭,这些夫妻根本请不起离婚律 师,法庭上常可看见当事人进行自辩。 离婚案久拖不决,本已破裂的婚姻还要继续 延续。这使得双方倾力为离婚罗织一些理由, 举证对方的过错,甚至在法庭上作伪证,这 些都给争议双方及其子女带来更大的精神伤 害。 提出无过失离婚法案的初衷,实际上也就是 为了减少法律体系中的伪证。
• A marriage agreement often deals with Financial issues Agreements about children When and why marriage agreements are used Whether you can change or end the agrements
About Responsibility and Love
____
Premarital Agreements
婚前协议
• Signing agreements before marriage has become popular in the United States since the 1980s. • Premarital agreements are designed to solve problems like how to divide up financial assets if a couple divorces.
• The content of a prenuptial agreement can vary widely, but commonly includes provisions for division of property and spousal support in the event of divorce or breakup of marriage. They may also include terms for the forfeiture of assets as a result of divorce on the grounds of adultery, further conditions of guardianship may be included as well.
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