Chapter 12 Non-finite Verbs

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非谓语动词-动名词知识点总结

非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动名词非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

Ⅰ、动名词的形式：一般式(谓语动词同时发生)doingbeing done完成式(谓语动词发生之前)having donehaving been done否定式:not + 动名词一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

被动式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

Ⅱ、动名词的句法功能:一、作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。

二、作表语:In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

non-finiteverbs概要

非限定动词英语中非限定动词有三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。

非限定动词在句中能充当谓语的一部分，但不能单独充当谓语，故又称非谓语动词。

它们的形式不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化，但仍具有动词的一般特征，可以带宾语。

一、非谓语动词时态、语态变化形式及其用法当非谓语动词所表示动作发生在谓语动词表示动作之前时，非谓语动词用完成时形式。

例：1）Having finished my homework, I listened to music for relaxation.当非谓语动词所表示动作与谓语动词所表示动作同时发生时，非谓语动词用进行时或一般时形式。

例：2）He pretended to be working hard when his mother entered his room.当非谓语动词所表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之后时，非谓语动词用一般时形式。

例：3）I expect you to write to me.二、非限定动词的句法功能比较动词不定式（或不定式短语）具有名词、形容词和副词的性质，在句中能充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语或状语。

动名词（或动名词短语）具有名词形质，在句中常作主语、表语、宾语或定语。

分词（或分词短语）具有形容词和副词的性质，在句中可作表语、定语、补语或状语。

非限定动词的句法功能列表如下：1.动词不定式（短语）、和动名词（短语）作主语的区别1）当主语和表语都是非限定动词形式时，主语和表语的非限定形式要求一致。

例：①To live is to struggle. [正]②To live is struggling. . [误]③Living is to struggle. . [误]④Living is struggling. . [正]2）当主语为非限定动词，而表语不是的时候，不定式和动名词作主语都可以，意义有区别，但区别很小，可忽略。

区别在于：不定式强调动作性，常表示一次性、短暂的动作；而动名词倾向于名词性，常指多次重复的动作。

non-finite verbs

主语
表语宾语宾语补足语
不定式
目的状语结果Βιβλιοθήκη 语原因状语句子状语定语
状语同位语
Syntactic functions of the gerund
• Subject, object, predicative, attribute, appositive
• State the functions of the following gerundial phrases:
infinitives 不定式
非谓语动词
Present participles 现在分词
participles 分词
Gerunds 动名词
Past participles 过去分词
不定式的表现形式P301
主动式
一般式 to do 完成式 to have done
被动式 to be done to have been done
• 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词/ 代词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如： • He was the first guest to arrive. • 主谓关系: the guest (will) arrive • I will find you something to eat. • 动宾关系：to eat something • He broke his promise to meet me yesterday. • 同位关系： to meet me yesterday解释 “promise”的内容
现在分词的表现形式
主动式一般式完成式
• • • • •
被动式 being done having been done

非谓语动词(Non-finiteverbs)

非谓语动词（Non-finiteverbs）非谓语动词概述：不定式（todo）：目的、将来形式现在分词（doing）：主动、进行过去分词（done）：被动、完成todo：某一次具体的动作作主语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为todo：某一次具体的动作作表语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为done：todo作宾语doing句法功能todo：目的、将来作定语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作宾补doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作状语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成独立成分作状语n./pron.+todo/doing/done独立主格结构with的复合结构GrammarI：非谓语动词的形式（一）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式，就是一般式done。

①单独表示一个被动的动作；②也可以单独表示动作已经完成；③还可以同时表示被动和完成。

（二）现在分词的各种形式：（三）主动被动用法一般doing beingdone doing的动作与谓语动作几e.g.1._______________(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpla ughing.e.g.2.Not________________(finish)thetask,theyhavetostayt hereforanothertwoweeks.e.g.3.________________(turn)offtheTVset,hebegantogoover (复习)hislessons.e.g.4.______________(heat加热),thewatergetshot.e.g.5._______________(build)forhalfayear,thebuildingbeca meourlibrary.e.g.6._______________(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeated(重复)thesamemistake.e.g.7.Isawtherewasaboy________________(blame)byhisfat her.（四）不定式的各种形式（五）e.g.1.Therearemanydishes_________________(wash)inthek itchen.SoIdon’thavetimetoseeafilmwithyoutonight.注意：非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加notGrammarII：todo、doing作主语或表语一、todo、doing作主语的一般用法：e.g.1.Toswimtodayisagoodideae.g.2.Eatingtoomuchisbad foryourhealth.思考：todo作主语，表__________________________________________________的动作；doing作主语，表_________________________________________________的动作。

非谓语动词

㈡在一些短语中，介词 but, besides, except 在一些短语中，等之前如有行为动词do, 则作介词宾语的动词等之前如有行为动词可省略。不定式中的 to可省略。可省略 She can’t do anything but ask silly questions. What do you like to do besides swim? We had nothing to do but/except take his offer. I have no choice but to give up. 有do 无 to 无do 有 to
Step 5 动词不定式的常见结构㈠It is + 形容词 + of sb. + 不定式 It’s kind of you to help me. 名词（代词）㈡It is + 形容词 + for + 名词（代词）+ 不定式 It’s difficult for me to get to sleep. 名词（代词）㈢名词（代词）+be + 形容词 + 不定式 (不定不定式通常用主动形式) 式通常用主动形式 He is difficult to get along with. The river has been polluted and the water is not fit to drink.
2.作表语作表语
表示主语的特征,状态等, 表示主语的特征,状态等,一般接在联系动词后面. 系动词后面.
The music is pleasing to the ear. The situation proves encouraging.
3.作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作。作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作。作宾语补足语（1）感觉，感官动词后的现在分）感觉，词宾语补足语。词宾语补足语。动词有 see,observe,notice,watch,hear, smell,listen to,look at ,feel,find 等。 She smelt something burning. I didn't notice her leaving.

非谓语动词(non-finite verbs)

在英语中，不做句子谓语，而具有谓语外其他语法功能的动词中，叫“非谓语动词”非谓语动词包括：动词不定式（the Infinitive）动名词（the Gerund）现在分词（the Present Participle）过去分词（the Past Participle）Ⅰ。

动词不定式：动词不定式有两种，带“to”和不带“to（动词原型）”，有人称之为“光秃不定式”，在大多数情况下不定式都带to，动词不定式由“to+动词原型”，这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义，不定式具有名词，形容词，或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态。

一：1。

不定式做主语：eg : To over come the problem is very difficult不定式做主语，往往用it做形式主语，真正的主语不定式放置句子后面：eg : It‟s so nice to hear your voice.但是，用不定式做主语的句子中还有一个不定式做表语时，不能用it‟s…to…的句型eg : To teach is to learn.比较“it‟s for sb和it‟s of sb1)for sb句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如”easy, hard, difficult, impossible”等2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如”good, kind, nice, clever, foolish”等3)用介词for或者of后面的逻辑主语做句子的主格，用介词前边的形容词做表语，造这个句子，如果通顺用of，不通则用for2．不定式做表语：不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语eg : My dream is to be a teacher.3．不定式做宾语1）有些及物动词用不定式做宾语，结构为“动词+不定式”P2892）有些动词除了可以用不定式做宾语，还用些不定式做补语，即“动词+宾语+不定式”结构eg : I like to keep everything tidy.I like you to keep everything tidy.3）有些动词或动词词组可以用“动词+疑问词+不定式”的结构：eg : I want to know how to solve the problem.4）如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用“ it ”做形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语4．不定式做补语1）有些动词+宾语+不定式P291eg : Father will not allow us to play on the street.2）有些动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去eg : We believe him (to be) quilty (adj.)我们相信他是有罪的We know him to be fool. (n.) (to be不能省)3）有些动词可以跟”there + to be的结构eg : We didn‟t expect there to be so many people.You wouldn‟t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧？5．不定式做定语不定式做宾语，通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。

英文高考谓语动词知识点

英文高考谓语动词知识点在英语学习中，谓语动词（predicate verbs）是非常重要的知识点之一。

作为英语句子的核心成分，谓语动词能够表达动作、状态、存在等意义，引导着句子的语法结构和意义的表达。

在高考中，对于谓语动词的运用和理解能力经常成为考查的重点。

在本文中，我们将讨论一些常见的谓语动词知识点，并提供一些有效的学习方法来帮助我们更好地理解和运用这些知识。

1. 被动语态（Passive Voice）被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者而不是执行者的句子形式。

在被动语态中，谓语动词由助动词be和过去分词构成。

常见的助动词包括am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been等。

被动语态常用于强调动作的接受者或者不知道执行者是谁的情况。

例如：- The book was written by Shakespeare.（这本书是莎士比亚写的。

）- The car has been repaired by a mechanic.（这辆车已经被一个机械师修理了。

）2. 情态动词（Modal Verbs）情态动词是用来表示能力、可能性、许可、必要性和建议等意义的词语。

常见的情态动词包括can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to等。

情态动词和动词原形一起构成了谓语动词。

情态动词具有一些特殊的语法特点，例如它们后面不能直接接动词原形，而是接动词原形的不定式形式。

情态动词在表达推测、愿望以及能力等方面有着广泛的应用。

例如：- You should study hard to pass the exam.（你应该努力学习来通过考试。

）- He may come to the party tonight.（他可能会今晚来参加派对。

）3. 时态（Tense）时态是指动作发生的时间。

英语中常见的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

lecture 3

There is nothing to worry about． • cf.: We were looking for somewhere to live. • We were looking for someplace to live in.
Infinitive as Appositive
My new job, to look after the children, is interesting. （作同位语）作同位语） His dream to become a doctor has come true. The order to start the general attack soon came.
Infinitive as Object Complement
• See Page 291 of the textbook
• • • • • •
1. We awaited the library to open. 2. I advised him to take a taxi. 3. I heard her lock the door. 4. We watch the children skip rope. 5. He made me move the car. 6. I won’t have him cheat me like that. Compare: I asked to stay. vs. I asked him to stay.
SVO SVOC
Infinitive as Object Complement
• Verbs used in this structure: • 1. verbs of perception: see, hear, feel, listen to, watch, find… • 2. causative verbs: make, let, get, have, • 3. like, want, order,… + sb. to sth. • 4.短语动词 + 宾语 + 带to的不定式: to的不定式的不定式: 短语动词 arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait for

【绝对精品】英语语法12-非限定性动词-Non-finite verbs

h) After “have known + object”. I have never known that man smile. That man has never been known to smile.
1. Infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare Infinitive
i) After “help” or “help + object”. Can I help (to) lift this heavy box? j) After “do + except / but”. They did nothing except work. There’s no choice but to wait. What he will do is (to) finish the task. k) After “why … / why not … ”. Why argue with him? Why not give Mary some flowers? l) In certain idiomatic collocations. Go post a letter for me.
1. Infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare Infinitive
g) After “perceptional verb (see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch, etc) + object”. We saw him enter the building. He was seen to enter the building.
1. Infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare Infinitive

非谓语动词-非谓语动词

1）现在分词（The Present Participle),由动词+ing构成 2）过去分词（The Past Participle),由动词 +ed构成。
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非谓语动词具有以下特征：
• 非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分，但唯独不能做谓语。
• 非谓语动词具有各种形态：原形、主动语态、被动语态、进行时态和完成时态。
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非谓语动词在句中充当的成分
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不定式、动名词用作主语
1.直接作主语： Seeing is believing. Smoking is not a good habit. To see is to believe. To smoke here is dangerous. 2.用it作形式主语 It’s no use talking too much without doing
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非谓语动词的否定形式
• 所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是直接在其前面加上not.
• 不定式的否定形式：not to do • 动名词的否定形式：not doing • 现在分词的否定形式：not doing • 过去分词的否定形式：not done
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1. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___A_____ after
anything. It’s no good smoking too much. It is very kind of you to say so. It’s not difficult for you to learn English grammar

英语非谓语动词

英语非谓语动词English:Non-finite verbs, also known as non-finite forms or verbals, are verb forms that are not limited by tense, person, or number. There are three types of non-finite verbs in English: infinitives, gerunds, and participles. Infinitives are the base form of a verb preceded by 'to', like "to read" or "to write". They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence. Gerunds are verb forms ending in '-ing' that function as nouns, such as "swimming" in "I enjoy swimming". Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives, either ending in '-ing' (present participle) like "falling" in "the falling leaves" or '-ed' (past participle) like "broken" in "a broken window". Non-finite verbs play various roles in sentences, such as subjects, objects, complements, or modifiers. Understanding and correctly using non-finite verbs are essential for achieving fluency in English and constructing diverse and complex sentences.中文翻译:非谓语动词，也称为非限定性形式或动词名词，是不受时态、人称或数的限制的动词形式。

非谓语动词的7种形式

非谓语动词的7种形式Non-finite verbs, also known as non-finite forms ornon-finite verb forms, are verb forms that are not limited by tense, person, or number. In English, there are seven main non-finite verb forms: the base form, the infinitive, the gerund, the past participle, the present participle,the perfect infinitive, and the passive infinitive. Each of these forms serves a specific grammatical function and can be used in different contexts to convey different meanings.The base form of a verb is the simplest form of the verb, typically used in the dictionary. It is used in a variety of contexts, such as the imperative mood ("Gohome!") or in constructions with modal verbs ("I can swim"). The infinitive form of a verb is the base form preceded by the word "to" (e.g. "to go"). It is used to express purpose, obligation, or intention, and can function as a noun in a sentence ("To swim is my favorite hobby").The gerund form of a verb is the -ing form of the verb,used as a noun in a sentence ("Swimming is good exercise"). It can function as the subject or object of a sentence, and is often used after prepositions. The past participle form of a verb is typically used in perfect tenses and passive constructions, as well as in the formation of the passive voice ("The book was written by the author"). The present participle form of a verb is the -ing form, used in progressive tenses and as an adjective ("The running man is my brother").The perfect infinitive form of a verb is the infinitive form preceded by "to have" (e.g. "to have written"). It is used to express completed actions in relation to a specific point in time. The passive infinitive form of a verb is the infinitive form preceded by "to be" (e.g. "to be written"). It is used in passive constructions to indicate that the subject of the sentence is the recipient of the action rather than the doer. Overall, understanding the different forms of non-finite verbs is essential for mastering English grammar and effectively communicating in both spoken and written language.。

英语语法非谓语动词

Present particles end in "- ing" and are used to show onging actions or processes, as in "The falling leaves are beautiful"
The usage of particles
03
The Tense and Voice of Non fine Verbs
English grammar non finite verbs
目录
contents
The definition and types of non fine verbs The use of non fine verbs The Tense and Voice of Non fine Verbs The conversion of non fine verbs and clauses Special usage and precautions of non fine verbs
Article to article
Conversion of particles and clauses
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Special usage and precautions of non fine verbs
VS
Infinite without "to" is often used as predicate, expressing the subject's ability, opposition, or description For example: "She sings beautifully."
Article
To define: The particle is a verb form that is used adaptively to describe a noun or pronoon It can be either present particle (ending in "- ing") or past particle (ending in "- ed" or "- en") (e.g., "running man," "eating fruit")

不定式

Chapter 12 Non-finite Verbs
Chapter 12 Non-finite Verbs I. Infinitive

Q 1: There are two forms of verbs --- one can be affected by tense, person and number, and the other can not. What are the former called, and what is the term for the latter. A 1: Finite verbs & Non-finite verbs
5) About “help”, both to infinitive and bare infinitive can be used. help sb (to) do sth. help (to) do sth. Eg. I’ll help you (to) solve the problem. E.g. All this has helped (to) raise farm yields steadily. （Translation：这样做会有助于/使你提高听力理解能力。）
E.g. Affirmative: The instrument needs to be repaired. Interrogative: Does the instrument need to be repaired? Need the instrument be repaired? Negative: The instrument doesn’t need to be repaired. The instrument needn’t be repaired. (cf. → The instrument needs repairing.)

非谓语动词在续写中的应用

非谓语动词在续写中的应用Non-finite verbs play a crucial role in continuations, adding depth and complexity to the narratives.非谓语动词在续写中发挥着至关重要的作用，为叙述增添了深度和复杂性。

By using non-finite verbs, authors can create a seamless flow of action and description, making the story more engaging and immersive. 通过使用非谓语动词，作者可以创建出流畅的动作和描述，使故事更加引人入胜和沉浸式。

For instance, employing gerunds as nouns allows for the integration of actions into the fabric of the sentence, enriching the overall narrative.例如，将动名词用作名词可以将动作融入句子的结构中，丰富整个叙述。

Participles, on the other hand, can be used to modify nouns or verbs, adding layers of meaning and emotional depth to the continuation. 另一方面，分词可以用来修饰名词或动词，为续写增添意义层次和情感深度。

Overall, non-finite verbs are a powerful tool in the writer's arsenal, enabling them to craft captivating and nuanced continuations.总的来说，非谓语动词是作家武器库中的一个强大工具，使他们能够创作出引人入胜且细腻的续写。

non-finite

non-finite verbs 和finite verbs.的区别。

A : 概念上的不同根据动词在分句或句⼦中能否单独做谓语可判定non-finite verbs 和finite verbs.1. non-finite verbs 是动词的⾮谓语形式，不能单独做谓语。

1.1. 动名词eg. Seeing is believing.It is no use sading.1.2. 不定式eg. To see is to believe.Nice to meet you.1.3 现在分词eg. Putting my book on the table.1.4 过去分词eg. When we arrived, we were given printed in the strong wind.Excited by the sale figures, we dicided to go out and have a meal.2.finite verbs 在分句或句⼦中做谓语，它受主语的⼈称和时间的限定。

eg: I am a student. She often writes.You are a student.She is a student.B. non-finite verbs and finite verds 并不是两种不同的动词，⽽是同⼀动词的两种的不同形式。

每⼀个动词都有它⾃⼰的限定形式和⾮限定形式。

eg. I am a student. am是系动词，在句中做谓语。

I am studing grammer. am 是助动词，帮助构成进⾏时态。

I have three sisters. have 是实义动词，⽤做谓语。

I have studied English for 13 years. have 是助动词，帮助构成完成时态。

注意：non-finite verbs 虽然不能单独做谓语，但是在做谓语的限定动词短语中，却少不了non-finite verbs.除了现在⼀般时和过去⼀般时以外，其他时态和语态的谓语都是由限定动词短语担任的。