2018年阿斯顿大学英语要求
国际政治专业英语词汇表
国际问题专业英语词汇表Absolute/Simple/Relative majority AbolitionismAbsolutismAd hocAdverse shocksAggregation of different interests Agnostic political temper Alleviation of humanitarian disaster Amnesty internationalAnomalous periodsAppeasement policy Appropriation committeeArmisticeArmed confrontationArm to teethArms control~ dealer/merchant of death~ raceArticulation of interests Asymmetric shocks/threat AuthoritarianismAutocracy(The) Axis powersBalance of powerBank liquidityBargaining chipsBehind closed doorsBi (tri-, multi-) lateral relations~ economic cooperation~ tradeBilliard ball gameBipartisan supportBlackmailBlockadeBond market and equity market Bordering subjectsBoundary negotiationBrainchildBraindrain~washBring all positive factors into full play Bring to justice~ fruitionBubble economyBudget surplus~ deficitBuffer zoneBusiness cycle(to) Carve out sphere of influenceCaste societyCatastrophic changeCapital accountCapital accumulationCapital flightCatholic CeasefireCenter-bordering areaCivil rights movementsClash of civilizationCoalition buildingCollective securityColonialism & neo-colonialismCommand economy~ massive media attentionCommon destinyCommunal disintegrationComplete prohibition & thoroughdestruction of nuclear weapons Concessional loan 优惠贷款Conciliatory mannerConflict & compromiseConsent of the governedConservative authoritarianism ConservatismConsociational democracyContested/competitive election 差额选举(equal-number /single-candidate election：等额选举)ConstructionismConsultationsContainment policyContingencyConstitutional monarchy system~ amendmentCosmopolitan communityCosmopolitanismCovenant（盟约）Conventional weaponsConvertible hard currencyCountry of one’s residence Counterbalance Counterproductive crusadeCredible monetary policyCrisis confidenceCross-border organized crime~ transactionCultural hegemonyCultural relicCurrent account(to) Deal a severe blow to DecentralizationDecision making procedureDeep-rooted/seated habitDe facto (de jure)Defense alliance(to) Defer debts(De)CentralizationDelayed repayment of capital & interest DependencyDepression, recessionDeregulated worldDerivative marketDespotism DétenteDeveloped countriesDeveloping ~Underdeveloped ~Less developed ~Direct democracyDisarmament and arms control Discernible national interest Disparity of wealthDispersed structure of power Disputed areasDistribution of benefitsDivision, tension & conflict DomesticationDomestic consensus oninternational objectives Double-edge sword functionDraft treaty 草约Drug smuggling/trafficking/pushingDual nationalityDurable goodsDuring a period of similar duration in Dutiable goods/duty-free goods（应/免税物品）Dysfunctional institutionEarly warning systemEcocideEconomic sanction~ bottom up/out~ take-off~ recessionEco-system disasterEgalitarian divisionElectoral CollegeEmpirical investigationEndangered speciesEpic-making importanceEqual opportunityEquality of economic opportunity Established principle of international law Establishment of diplomatic relationsEthnic cleansing (apartheid)Excess democracyExchange rate mechanismExchange of needed goodsExclusive economic zoneExtensive obligationsExtraditionExtraterritorial rightExtreme alternativesFundamental rightsFair economic competitionFailed paradigmFar-reaching implicationsFascismFeasibility studyFederal expenditureFeminismFinancial constraint~ industry~ sectorFiscal crisis财政危机~ stimulusFlightism（逃跑主义）Fluctuating rateForeign currency reserveForensic mattersForestallForward deployed military strategy Founding fatherFragmentationFree riderFrictionFull employment~ diplomatic relationsFully-fledged powerGenocideGeographical strategyGlobal governanceGlobalizationGross domestic productHead-on confrontationHealth CertificateHegemonic stabilityHeir apparentHolocaustHostile hegemonsHorizontal/Vertical proliferationIdeological hegemony of classical liberalism Incumbent partyIn consideration of the actual conditions IncrementalismIndividualismIntegrationInterest groupsInternationalizationInternational criminal courtInternational status~ waters~ situationIntellectual property rightsInter-bank market Interdisciplinary subjects Indiscriminate killingIndustrial revolutionImminent threat(to) Impose unilateral restrictions on Iron trianglesIrreversible natureLaunch a new initiativeLegacyLeague of NationsLandslide victory/defeatLife laneLip serviceLiquidationism (流寇主义)Low/high policy/politicsMacroeconomic policyMight is rightMainstream cultureMajority tyranny~ ruleMajoritarian democracyManifest destinyMaritime resourcesManeuverMarket accessMatters of mutual interest Maverick geniusMcCarthyismMedium-term objectivesMergers and acquisitionsMigrant workersMilestone/cornerstone/Military-industrial complex Military junta~ regime~ intervention~ encirclement~ build-up~ exercise~provocationMilitary-KeynesianismMonetary stabilityMoney launderingMulti-dimensional chess gameMutual surveillanceMutually exclusive interestsNational power and prestige~ self-determination~ comprehensive strength~ competition strength~ treatment~ referendum~ identity~ sovereignty~ mergeNazismNegative income taxNeo-liberalismNeo-realismNon-aligned movementsNordic countriesNuclear arsenalOil embargoOpportunitistOrthodoxOverseas marketPacifismPanaceaParliamentary democracyParochial prejudice ParticularizationPartisan alignmentsPatrimonial sea (承袭海)Pax-Americana美利坚治下的和平Peaceful handover of power Peacekeeping operationPer capita income/GDPPPP Purchase parity power 购买力平价Peripheral countriesPluralism Policy stasis~ mix~ instrumentsPolitical authority~ attitude~ asylum~ consensus~ consultation~ culture~ democratization~ disequilibrium~ distemper/temper~ elites~ entrepreneurs~ feasibility~ fugitive（政治逃犯）~ institutions~ isolation~ legitimacy/legitimation~ offender（政治犯）~ power~ structure~subversionPolarization of societyPopular movementPopulismPositivismPostindustrial societyPotential security concerns~ adversaryPower politics 大国政治Precision-guided bombsPredominant opinionPreemptive strikePremature conclusionPress conference 新闻发布会Primitive capital accumulationPrivate sector~ propertyProliferation of weapons of mass destruction Prospective customersProtestantPublic goods theory~ sector (private ~)Pure fabrication~ realpolitikQuarantine Office (检疫所)Racial discriminationRational allocation of resources Rationalism 理性主义Real/constant dollarReal estate speculationRecipientRegional conflict 地区冲突~ economic cooperation 地区经济合作Regionalization 地区化Regular consultationsRegulatory bureaucracyRehabilitation CenterRepressive regimeRevisionismRights and obligationsRotating chairmanSacred and inviolable rightScale economyScapegoatSecondary marketSecret ballotSeek a fair and reasonable solution Segmented marketSelf-fulfilling prophecySelf-imposed obligationSeparation of powerService the debt(to) shape the policy agendaShock therapyShort-term deficitSkepticsSlim majority in favorSlippery conceptSocial bargain~ buffer~ infrastructureSocialization(to) Solve disputes by peaceful means Spillover effectSpecial-operations forcesStaff writer 特约撰稿人Staggered electionStaple food 主食StanceStanding army~ committee(to) Start from scratchState/private sectorState/national sovereigntyStatic pie/growing pieStatus quo power (potential power) Strategic defense 战略防御~ intention~ reserve~ position~ key areaStreamlineStructural unemploymentSubmerged convictionSummit meetingSunk costSupply-side economySupranational community Suspension of negotiationsSustained/sustainable development mode Swap marketSynchronous business circlesSystem overloadTangible assetTax evasion/cut/reduction/revenue Technocrat governanceTelepathyTerritorial air~ contiguity~ dispute~ integrity~ jurisdiction~ sea~ waterslimits of ~breadth of ~Territorial and power ambition Territory properTerritorial seaTertiary industry TotalitarianTrading blocTransaction cost(to) Trigger a chain reaction Triple Entente 三国协约Twofold realizationUltimatumUnconditional surrender Universally recognized norms UniversalizationUpward social mobility~ redistribution of wealth UtilitarianismUtterly destituteVested interestV oice voteVirtuous/vicious cycleWin-win propositionZero-sum gameWaves of labor displacement ~ of business cycleXenophobiaYear-on-year growth Zionism外交机构/事务专有名词Announcement宣言Appointed ambassador to Bretton Woods Pact CommuniquéCommercial counselor’s office Consulate-general ConsulateCircular noteDe jure recognition De facto recognitionCertificate of appointmentDeclaration, manifestoDiplomatic practice~ bag, pouch（外交邮袋）~ channels~ courier（外交信使）~ envoy mission~ immunities~ personnel~ policy~ practice（外交惯例）~ privileges~ rank~ representative~ strategyBalance of power diplomacyCultural ~Energy ~Head of the state ~Human rights ~Multilateral ~During one’s absenceMinistry of Foreign AffairsEmbassy（大使馆）Legation (公使馆)Consulate-general (总领事馆)ConsulateOffice of the charge d’affaires (代办处) Accredited to …ambassador (extraordinary & plenipotentiary) 向…派（特命全权）大使Minister-counselor charge d’affaires（公使衔参赞）Military attache’s office (武官处) Commercial counselor’s office （商务处）Press section; information service （新闻处）Protocol Department (礼宾司)Information Department（新闻司）Press section, information serviceLiaison office (联络处)Ad hoc committee（特别委员会）Interim committee（临时委员会）Appropriate body（主管机构）Auxiliary body（辅助机构）Interim counselor （临时代办）Consul-general（总领事）Doyen (dean) of the diplomatic corps（外交使团团长）Roving ambassador（巡回大使）Ambassador-at-large（无任所大使）Special envoy（特使）Charge d’affaire （代办）Attache （随员）Permanent representative（常任/常驻代表）Alternate; deputy; substitute（副代表）Plenipotentiary（全权代表）Chief delegate（首席代表）Observer（观察员）Military/naval/air attaché（陆/海/空武官）His (Her, Your) Majesty（陛下）His (Her, Your) Excellency（阁下）His (Her, Your) Royal Highness（殿下）Exequatur（驻在国发给领事或商务人员的）许可证书Formal noteForeign affairsLetter of appointmentLetter of credence, credentials（国书）Memorandum, aidememoire（备忘录）Letter of introductionLetter of recall（召回公文）Mutual recognitionNormalizationTerms of reference（职权范围）Formal note（正式照会）Verbal note（普通照会）Circular note（通知照会）Summary record（摘要记录）Verbatim record（逐字记录）Persona non-grat（不受欢迎的人）Persona grata（受欢迎的人）StatementAn absolute majority（绝对多数）Simple majority（简单多数）Relative majority（相对多数）Qualified majority（特定多数）To serve as……in rotation（轮流担任）To develop the national economy To develop relations of peace & friendship, equality & mutualbenefit & prolonged stabilityTo establish consular relations建立领事关系To establish normal state relationsTo exchange ambassadors互换大使To make representations to,to take up a (the) matter with（向…交涉）To lodge a protest with（向……提出抗议）To express regret（表示遗憾）To take exception to; to object to（提出异议）An atmosphere of cordiality（诚挚友好的气氛）To make up for each other’s deficienciesTo negotiate thru diplomatic channelsTo peddle munitionsTo proceed to take up one’s post（赴任）To assume one’s post（就任）To resume charge of the office/to return to one’s post（返任）To present one’s credentialsTo request the consent ofTo resume charge of the office,to return to one’s postTo resume diplomatic relationsat ambassadorial levelTo review the guard of honor（检阅仪仗队）To safeguard national sovereignty & resources To safeguard national independence &the integrity of sovereigntyTo safeguard world peaceTo seek a fair & & reasonable solutionTo sever diplomatic relationsTo solve disputes by peaceful meansTo suspend/sever diplomatic relationsTo take concerted stepsTo take exception to, to object toTo undertake obligations in respectof the nuclear-free zoneTo upgrade diplomatic relationsTo be shocked to learn of（惊悉）To be distressed by the unhappy news of; to be deeply grieved by（恸悉）Welcoming banquet欢迎宴Reciprocal banquetReceptionCocktail partyLuncheon（午宴）All countries, big or small, should be equal.国际关系Fishery resourcesFriendly exchangesFrontier region, border region Fundamental rightsInalienability of territory（领土不可割让）Joint actionLoans with no or low interest无息贷款Maritime resourcesMerger of statesMutual understanding &mutual accommodationNational boundaryNeutral state/countrySponsor country（发起国）Host country（东道国）Inviting country（邀请国）Never to attach any conditions Normalization of relationsOuter spacePatrimonial seaPeople-to-people contacts & exchanges Plebiscite（公民投票）ProtectoratePractical, efficient, economical & convenient for use200 nautical-mile maritime rights Reduction or cancellation of debts Refugee campRight of residenceRudimentary code of international relations Secretariat（秘书处）Sole legal governmentStatus quo of the boundarySuzerain stateSuzeraintyTrusteeship 和平共处the five Principles of Peaceful coexistence mutual respect for sovereignty &territorial integritymutual non-aggressionnon-interference in each other’sinternal affairsequality & mutual benefitpeaceful coexistence国际组织ASEANAsian & Pacific CouncilCaribbean Common Market/Community Central American MarketCommunityConference of Heads of State & Government of the Organization of African Unity Conference of Developing Countries(the 77-nation group)International Confederation ofFree Trade UnionInternational Court of JusticeInternational Organization of Journalists International Red Cross ConferenceInter-Parliamentary UnionLeague of Red Cross SocietiesWorld Peace CouncilWorld Confederation of LaborNordic Council活在美国：你得知道，海外学历的英语表达方法ACCAC威尔士学历管理、教学大纲与评估委员会AICE国际高级教育证书A-level中学高级水平考试ARELS(Association of Recognised English Language Services)英语语言认证教学机构联合会AS-level中学准高级水平考试BA（Bachelor of Arts）文学学士BAC(British Accreditation Council for Independent Further and Higher Education)英国私立延续教育及高等教育认证委员会BALEAP(British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic Purposes)英国学术英语讲师协会BASELT(British Association of State English Language Teaching)英国公立英语语言教学机构协会BATQI(British Association of TESOL Qualifying Institutions)英国英语教学合格院校联合会B.Eng (Bachelor of Engineering)工程学士B.Sc.（Bachelor of Science）理学学士BTEC（Business and Technology Education Council）工商及技术教育委员会CCEA(Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum,Examinations and Assessment)北爱尔兰教学大纲、考试与评估委员会CIFE（Conference for Independent Further Education）私立延续教育联合会COSHEP（The Committee of Scottish Higher Education Principals）苏格兰高等教育校长委员会CVCP（Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals）大学校长委员会DENI (Department of Education Northern Ireland)北爱尔兰教育部DfEE(Department for Education and Employment)教育与就业部D.Phil(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士EAP（English for Academic Purposes）学术英语EAQUALS(European Association for Quality Language Service)欧洲语言教学质量服务机构EiBA( English in Britain Accreditation Scheme)英国英语认证计划EEA(European Economic Area)欧洲经济区EIS（Education In????ation Service）教育信息服务处ELSIS（English Language Service for International Students）外国学生英语语言教学ELT(English Language Training)英语语言培训ESL(English as a Second Language)英语外语教学ESP(English for Specific Purposes)专用英语FE（Further Education)延续教育GCSE（General Certificate of Secondary Education）普通中等教育证书GMAT(General Management Admission Test)管理专业入学考试GNVQ（General National Vocational Qualification）全国通用职业资格GSVQ（General Scottish Vocational Qualification）苏格兰通用职业资格GTTR（Graduate Teacher Training Registry）毕业教师培训注册处HE（Higher Education）高等教育HEFCE（Higher Education Funding Council for England）英格兰高等教育基金管理委员会HEFCW（Higher Education Funding Council for Wales）威尔士高等教育基金管理委员会HND（Higher National Diploma）国家高等教育文凭IB（International Baccalaureate）国际高中毕业考试IELTS（International English Language Testing System）国际英语语言测试系统(简称雅思)ISC（Independent Schools Council）私立学校委员会IGCSE(International GCSE)国际普通中等教育证书Independent Schools Council私立学校委员会ISIS（Independent Schools In????ation Service）私立学校信息服务处LCCI（London Chamber of Commerce & Industry）伦敦工商会LEA（Local Education Authority）地方教育局LLM(Master of Law) 法学硕士MA（Master of Arts）文学硕士MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士M.Chem(Master of Chemistry)化学硕士M.Ed(Master of Education)教育硕士M.Eng. (Master of Engineering)工程硕士M.Phil.(Master of Philosophy)研究硕士M.Phys(Master of Physics)物理硕士M.Sc.(Master of Science)理学硕士M.Res.(Master of Research)研究硕士M.Sci(Master of Science)理学硕士（本科水平）NARIC(National Academic Recognition In????ation Centre)全国学术认证信息中心NHS(National Health Service)国民保健体系NISS(National In????ation Services and Systems)全国信息服务系统NUS(National Union of Students)全国学生联合会NVQ(National Vocational Qualification)全国职业证书ODA(Overseas Development Administration)海外发展管理局OFSTED(Office for Standards in Education)教育标准办公室PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)教育学研究生证书PAM (Professions Allied to Medicine)医学有关职业PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)（教育学研究生文凭）PG Cert(Postgraduate Certificate)研究生文凭PG Dip.(Postgraduate Diploma)研究生文凭Ph.D.(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士QAA(Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education)高等教育质量保障局QCA(Qualifications and Curriculum Authority)教学大纲和学历管理委员会RAE(Research Assessment Exercise)科研水平评估SCE(Scottish Certificate of Education)苏格兰教育证书SEED(Scottish ????utive Education Department)苏格兰执行教育部SCE (Scottish Certificate of Education )苏格兰教育证书SHEFC(Scottish Higher Education Funding Council)苏格兰高等教育基金管理委员会SQA(Scottish Qualifications Authority)苏格兰学历管理委员会SVQ(Scottish Vocational Qualifications)苏格兰职业资格TQA( Teaching Quality Assessment)教学质量评估TEFL(Teaching English as a ForeignLanguage)英语外语教学TAE(Teaching Assessment Exercise)教学质量评估TESOL (Teaching English to Speakersof Other Language )面向母语为非英语者的英语教学课程TOEFL(Test of English as a ForeignLanguage)英语外语考试（简称托福）TOEIC (Test of English forInternational Communication)国际英语考试UCAS((Universities and CollegesAdmission Service)高等院校招生办公室UKCOSA (The Council forInternational Education)英国国际教育委员11。
美国大学入学申请书(精选多篇)
美国大学入学申请书(精选多篇)english namechinese nametoefl1princeton university(nj)普林斯顿大学 (新泽西)y2harvard university(ma)哈佛大学 (马萨诸塞)y3yale university(ct)耶鲁大学 (康涅狄格)600pbt,250cbt or 100 ibt4california institute of technology (ca)加州理工学院y4stanford university(ca)斯坦佛大学 (加州)not required4massachusetts inst. of technology (ma)麻省理工学院y7university of pennsylvania (pa)宾西法尼亚大学y8duke university(nc)杜克大学 (北卡)600pbt/250cbt/100ibt9dartmouth college(nh)达特茅斯学院 (新罕布什尔)y9columbia university(ny)哥伦比亚大学 (纽约)600pbt,250cbt or 100 ibt9university of chicago (il)芝加哥大学 (伊利诺)600pbt,250cbt or 104ibt or 7.0ielts12cornell university(ny)康奈尔 (纽约)y12washington university in st. louis (mo)圣露易斯华盛顿大学 (密苏里)y14northwestern university(il)西北大学 (伊利诺)600pbt/250cbt/100ibt/ielts 15brown university(ri)布朗大学 (罗德岛)600pbt/250cbt16johns hopkins university(md)约翰斯霍普金斯大学 (马里兰)600pbt/250cbt/99ibt17rice university(tx)莱斯大学 (德克萨斯)y18vanderbilt university(tn)范德堡大学 (田纳西)y18emory university(ga)挨默里大学 (乔治亚)600pbt/250cbt20university of notre dame(in)圣母大学 (印第安那)y21carnegie mellon university(pa)卡内基梅隆 (宾西法尼亚)"≥250 on the computer-based(cbt) or ≥600 on the paper-based(pbt)"21university of california—berkeley * (ca)加州大学伯克利分校"≥220 on the computer-based(cbt) or 550 on the paper-based(pbt) or ibt≥83"23georgetown university(dc)乔治城大学 (华盛顿特区)600pbt24university of virginia * (va)弗吉尼亚大学y24university of michigan—ann arbor * (mi)密歇根大学安阿伯分校y26univ. of california—los angeles * (ca)加州大学洛杉矶分校"≥220 on cbt or 550 on pbt or ibt≥83"27u. of north carolina—chapel hill * (nc)北卡大学教堂山分校≥600 on pbt or ≥250 on cbt27univ. of southern california (ca)南加州大学"≥600 on pbt or ≥250 on cbt ibt≥100"27tufts university(ma)塔夫斯大学 (马萨诸塞)≥250 on cbt30wake forest university(nc)维克森林大学 (北卡)y31college of william and mary(va) *威廉玛丽学院 (弗吉尼亚)≥600 on pbt or≥250 on cbt31brandeis university(ma)布兰迪大学 (马萨诸塞)"≥600 on pbt or≥250 on cbtor ≥100 on ibt"33lehigh university(pa)利哈伊大学 (宾西法尼亚)≥570 on pbt or ≥230 on cbt 34univ. of wisconsin—madison * (wi)威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校"≥550 on pbt or≥213 on cbt≥80 on ibt"34boston college (ma)波士顿学院 (马萨诸塞)"600 on pbt or 250 on cbt or 100 on ibt"34new york university (ny)纽约大学y34university of rochester(ny)罗切斯特大学 (纽约)"550 on pbt or 213 on cbt or 85 on ibt"38case western reserve univ.(oh)凯斯西储大学 (俄亥俄)550 pbt,213 cbt or 80 ibt38univ. of california—san diego * (ca)加州大学圣戈迭分校y38georgia institute of technology * (ga)佐治亚理工学院600pbt,250cbt or 100 ibt 41u. of illinois—urbana - champaign * (il)伊利诺大学香槟分校y42university of washington * (wa)华盛顿大学"580pbt or 237cbt or70ibt(without speaking)"42rensselaer polytechnic inst.(ny)伦斯勒理工学院 (纽约)570pbt or230cbt or 88ibt44university of california—irvine * (ca)加州大学欧文分校550pbt or 213cbt 44tulane university(la)杜兰大学 (路易斯安那州)y44yeshiva university(ny)叶史瓦大学 (纽约)563pbt or 225cbt47pennsylvania state u.—university park * (pa)宾州大学帕克分校550pbt or 213cbt or 80ibt47university of texas—austin * (tx)德州大学奥斯汀分校y47university of california—davis * (ca)加州大学戴维斯分校500pbt47univ. of california—santa barbara * (ca)加州大学圣芭芭拉分校550pbt or 213cbt or 79ibt47university of florida * (fl)佛罗里达大学550pbt or 213cbt or 80ibt52george washington university(dc)乔治华盛顿大学 (华盛顿特区)y52syracuse university(ny)雪城大学 (威斯康辛州)y54pepperdine university(ca)佩珀代因大学 (加利福尼亚)550pbt or 220cbt or 80ibt 54university of miami(fl)迈阿密大学 (佛罗里达)y54univ. of maryland—college park * (md)马里兰大学帕克分校y57ohio state university—columbus * (oh)俄亥俄州立大学哥伦布分校527pbt/197cbt/71ibt57university of pittsburgh * (pa)匹兹堡大学 (宾州)550pbt/213cbt/80ibt 57boston university (ma)波士顿大学 (麻萨诸塞)550pbt/250cbt/60miami university—oxford(oh) *迈阿密大学牛津分校 (俄亥俄)530pbt/200cbt/72ibt60texas a&m univ.—college station * (tx)德克萨斯a&m大学卡城分校550pbt/213cbt/80ibt60university of georgia * (ga)乔治亚大学 (佐治亚)213cbt/80ibt/7.0ielts 60rutgers—new brunswick(nj) *罗格斯大学新伯朗士威校区 (新泽西)y64purdue univ.—west lafayette(in) *普渡大学西拉法叶校区 (印第安纳)y 64university of iowa * (ia)爱荷华大学530pbt/197cbt/71ibt64worcester polytechnic inst.(ma)伍斯特理工学院 (马萨诸塞)550pbt/213cbt/6.5ielts67university of connecticut * (ct)康涅狄格大学yuniversity of delaware * (de)德拉华大学550pbt/213cbt/80ibt67univ. of minnesota—twin cities * (mn)明尼苏达大学twin cities分校213cbt/79ibt 70clemson university(sc) *克莱姆森大学 (南卡罗来纳)y70southern methodist university(tx)南卫理工会大学 (德克萨斯)550pbt/213cbt/6.5ielts70brigham young univ.—provo(ut)杨百翰大学 (犹他)500pbt/173cbt/66ibt70indiana university—bloomington * (in)印地安那大学伯明顿分校560pbt/223cbt 70michigan state university * (mi)密歇根州立大学550pbt/213cbt/79ibt70fordham university(ny)福特汉姆大学 (纽约)y76univ. of california—santa cruz * (ca)加州大学圣克鲁兹分校pbt550,gre1600 77virginia tech * (va)维吉尼亚理工大学y77university of colorado—boulder * (co)科罗拉多大学波尔得分校550pbt/173cbt/61ibt77st. louis university (mo)圣路易斯大学 (密苏里)525pbt/194cbt/6.0ielts 77stevens institute of technology(nj)斯蒂文斯理工学院 (新泽西)/81north carolina state u.—raleigh * (nc)北卡罗来纳州立大学550pbt/213cbt/79ibt 81baylor university(tx)贝勒大学 (德克萨斯)540pbt/207cbt/76ibt81marquette university(wi)马凯特大学 (威斯康新)y81iowa state university * (ia)爱荷华州立大学500pbt/173cbt/5.0ielts81clark university(ma)克拉克大学 (马萨诸塞)550-650pbt/213-280cbt86american university(dc)美国大学 (华盛顿特区)550pbt/213cbt/80ibt86suny—binghamton * (ny)纽约州立大学宾汉姆大学550pbt/213cbt/80ibt 88university of tulsa(ok)塔尔萨大学 (俄克拉荷马)500pbt/173cbt88university of tennessee * (tn)田纳西大学523pbt/193cbt/70ibt88university of vermont * (vt)佛蒙特大学550pbt/213cbt/79-80ibt88university of alabama * (al)阿拉巴马大学500pbt/173cbt/61ibt88auburn university(al) *奥本大学 (阿拉巴马)550pbt/213cbt88univ. of california—riverside * (ca)加州大学河滨分校550pbt/213cbt/79ibt/7ielts88university of denver (co)丹佛大学 (科罗多拉)y88howard university(dc)霍华德大学 (华盛顿特区)y88university of kansas * (ks)堪萨斯大学"subscore57pbt/4.5twe/subscore23cbt and 4.5 on the essay /subscore 23 ibt"88univ. of missouri—columbia * (mo)密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校500pbt/173cbt/61ibt 98university of arizona * (az)亚利桑那大学500pbt/173cbt/61ibt98university of the pacific(ca)太平洋大学 (加州)475-550pbt/150-213cbt98northeastern university(ma)美国东北大学 (马萨诸塞)550pbt/213cbt/79-80ibt/6.0ielts98univ. of massachusetts—amherst * (ma)马萨诸塞大学艾姆赫斯特校区550pbt/213cbt98univ. of nebraska—lincoln * (ne)内布拉斯加大学林肯分校525pbt/193cbt98suny col. of envirnmtl sci. & frstry * (ny)美国纽约州立大学环境科学与林业科学学院550pbt/213cbt/79-80ibt/6.0ielts98suny—stony brook * (ny)纽约州立大学石溪分校550pbt/213cbt/6.5ielts y是表示需要成绩,但没有具体数字, 我用压缩文件把excel发上来吧.另外,08年最新版还没有出来第二篇：申请美国大学入学文书范本申请美国大学入学文书范本i guess it was inevitable that i’d be on hockey skates at some point in mylife, but i did not expect that i’d become one of a rare group of female icehockey officials before i even reached high school. being born into a family ofhockey players and figure skaters, it seemed that my destiny had already beendecided.right from the beginning, my two older brothers and my father strapped meup and threw me onto the ice. i loved it and, in my mind, i was on my way tobecoming a female gretzky! but my mom had to think of something fast to drag herlittle girl away from this sport of ruffians. enter my first hot pink figureskating dress! that was allit took to launch fifteen years of competitivefigure skating. even though figure skating soon became my passion, i always hadan unsatisfied yearning for ice hockey. it took a great deal of convincing frommy parents that competitive figure skating and ice hockey didn’t mix. my compromise became refereeing ice hockey;little did i know that i wasbeginning an activity that would influence my character and who i am today. wheni began, i would only work with my dad and brothers. everyone was friendly andaccepting because i had just started. i soon realized though that to getbetteri needed to start refereeing with people i wasn’t related to,and that’s when myexperience drastically changed. an apologeticsmile and an “i’m sorry” wasn’tgoing toget me through games now. as i began officiating higher-level games anddealing with more arrogant coaches, i suddenly entered a new male-dominatedworld, a world i had never experienced before. my confidence was shot, and all iwanted to do was get through each game and be able to leave. sometimes i waseven too scared to skate along the teams’ benches because i would get upset bywhat the coaches would yell to me. “do you have a hot date tonight, ref?” was atypical comment that coaches would spit at me during the course of a game. intheir eyes, i did not belong on that ice, and they were going to do whateverthey could do to make sure no women wanted to officiate their games. i wasdetermined not to let them chase me off the ice.i made the decision to stand up for myself. i never responded rudelyto thecoaches, but i did not let them walk all over me and destroy my confidenceanymore. i started to act and feel more like the 4-year certified atlanticdistrict official that i am. there were still a few situations that scared me.one time i called a penalty in a championship game during the third overtime andthe team i penalized ended up losing because they got scored on. i knew i hadmade theright call, even though i was unnerved when i saw the losingteams’parents waiting for me at my locker room; for the moment i wished i hadn’tcalled that penalty. although it was scary at the time, i stood my ground andovercame my fears. that was an importantstepping-stone in my officiating careerand in my life.after four years of refereein g, i still can’t say it’s easy. every gamehands me something new and i never know what to expect. now ihave theconfidence and preparation to deal with the unexpected, onand off the ice. inow also know to take everything with a grain ofsalt and not let it get to me.i have learned that life is just like being out on the ice; if i am prepared andact with confidence, i will be perceived as confident. these are the littlelessons that i’m grateful to have learned as a woman referee.things to notice about this essay1. the author tells an interesting story about her experiences as areferee.2. a sense of her personality—determination, flexibility, good humor—comesthrough in the narration.3. details like “do you have a hot date tonight, ref?” make the narration memorable (we’d love to hear more of these kinds of details).4. the essay needs a faster start. the first paragraph (three sentences)says the same thing in both the first and third sen(转载请注明来源)tences—and gives away theessay’s surprise in the second! a good revision would delete all of paragraphone and start at paragraph two.5. there’s too much frame here and not enough picture. the essay needsfurther development, especially about the difficulties ofbecoming and being aref, to keep it vivid.6. the author should “dwell” in the meaning of the experience a little moreat the end—“i wonder about…i also think…sometimes i believe….” significantexperiences like this one, woven through many years of the author’s life, don’tmean just one thing—there are more insights and lessons to explore here.第三篇：大学入学申请书尊敬的校领导您好:学习的压力使我放弃了高考,可对理想的追求并没有停止我求知的步伐!在这个知识经济的时代,学历可以成就一个人的未来!人们都说学历只是一块敲门砖,可是如果没有这块敲门砖我们连门都进不了又何谈去施展才华和抱负呢!在得知贵校职业本科正在招生中,我热切希望贵校能给我这个机会!贵校坐落在历史文化古城开封,有悠久的人文历史和文化内涵,学校打破了传统的高分观念,注重学生的综合素质的发展,这是贵校的一大特色!希望贵校能给我这个机会,让我这颗渴望飞翔的心能有一片广阔的天空!在此祝愿您身体健康,工作顺利! 7.26第四篇：日文版大学入学申请书学長閣下拝具：大阪城を築き、百姓から天下人へと至った豊臣秀吉様の逸話は十六歳の際に初めて本で読みました。
本科留学英国金斯顿大学有哪些入学要求
本科留学英国金斯顿大学有哪些入学要求金斯顿大学是位于英国伦敦市西南的金斯顿镇的一所拥有百年历史的综合性大学，在美学及艺术理论、当代批判理论等方向设有专门的研究项目及硕博课程，其研究成果位于世界领先水平。
下面小编就带大家了解一下本科留学英国金斯顿大学有哪些入学要求吧。
一、本科留学英国金斯顿大学入学要求本科英语要求1、艺术，设计和建筑课程雅思总分6.0分，各项不低于5.5分2、艺术与社会科学课程雅思总分6.5分，各项不低于5.5分3、商科和法律课程雅思总分6.0分，各项不低于5.5分4、健康、社会、教育课程雅思总分6.5分，各项不低于5.5分5、科学，工程，计算和测量雅思总分6.0分，各项不低于5.5分6、MPharm雅思总分6.5，各项不低于6.0分7、医学护理：总分7.0分专业要求：高中毕业并完成国际预科课程；或在中国或英国完成被认可的预科课程。
二、本科留学英国金斯顿大学申请条件开学时间：每年9月1日1日申请截至日：每年8月1日1日留学费用：11000.0 英镑TOEFL分数要求：79.0高中GPA：75.0三、奖学金金斯顿大学每年提供大概25万英镑的国际奖学金，每个奖学金大概3300英镑。
这些奖学金提供给任何课程的全日制，一年授课型硕士申请人。
9月和1月开学的硕士课程都有奖学金。
9月开学的奖学金申请截止日期为5月31日。
申请人：国际学生（海外学费标准）；持有9月入学的OFFER。
奖学金评定标准：学生的绩点、申请人想从课程中学习到什么和学习结束后的计划。
四、学校特色专注教育与就业该校的立校宗旨就是提供质量最佳的教育，而这一特点已经被证明。
金斯顿大学至少有12个专业被评为“优秀”，而且在过去的6年里，金斯敦大学的24个专业中被外校评估专家定为“优秀”的单科课程达到20余次。
此金斯顿大学十分注重学生就业技能与前景，一向与工业界和其他专业团体保持着密切的联系，由此保证学校的课程更符合雇主的要求。
该校的许多学位课程都向学生提供1年在工商界实习的机会。
阿斯顿大学什么档次
阿斯顿大学什么档次？这个问题我们可以通过该校的最新排名情况来看：英国排名：
2019年《泰晤士高等教育》英国大学排名第 44 位
2019年《卫报》英国大学综合排名第 43 位
2019年《完全大学指南》英国大学综合排名第 45 位
2019年《泰晤士报》英国大学综合排名第 56 位
世界排名：
2019年QS世界大学排名第 381 位
2019年《泰晤士高等教育》世界大学排名第 351 位
2018年《美国新闻与世界报道》世界大学500强排名第 696 位
2018年QS世界大学排名第 373 位
2018年《泰晤士高等教育》世界大学排名第 351 位
阿斯顿大学介绍
阿斯顿大学（Aston University）创始于1895年，坐落在英国第二大城市伯明翰市的市中心。
学校风景优美，环境幽雅。
该大学以商科、工科、语言及教育专业尤为出色。
在2016年泰晤士高等教育报教学质量排名中，阿斯顿大学荣获全英第2名。
立思辰留学360介绍说，据2017年《经济学人》统计，阿斯顿大学在提升毕业生人均薪酬中排名全英第2名，高于牛津大学、剑桥大学与罗素大学集团。
牛津大学38个学院详细介绍
牛津大学38个学院详细介绍留学申请本科学历要求：完成读该校认可学校的Alevel课程成绩要求：Alevel成绩达A*A*A*语言要求：雅思7分硕士学历要求：学士学位成绩要求：均分需达89分或GPA3.8语言要求：雅思7.5分学院介绍万灵学院All Souls College万灵学院几乎从未接收过本科生。
学院成员都是在他处学习了至少三年且大多拿到了学士学位后，才来到这里。
一旦被本学院录取，学员会在这里从事研究或教学活动，以获得神学、法学〔包括世俗法律及教法教规〕及医学的更高学位——特别是神学及法学。
贝利奥尔学院Balliol College该学院的PPE专业出名天下，入学竞争非常剧烈。
所谓PPE，是牛津大学特有的“尊贵”金牌专业，即哲学、政治与经济学三合一专业〔Philosophy， Politics - Economics〕。
与国内特殊学校定向培养不同，牛津大学PPE 专业的学生，毕业后许多未必从政。
牛津大学的这个名牌专业有一点象所谓通才教育的金牌证书，PPE金牌证明了学生经历了严格的广博的学术训练，对人类文化有相当的理解，仅此而已。
布雷齐诺斯学院Brasenose College建于1509年，位于牛津城的市中心。
该学院在牛大里经常被称作BNC，一直是一个低调的学院，学院气氛友好轻松。
PPE与法律专业名气很大，入学竞争剧烈。
体育活动活泼且水准很高。
本科生院在世界上最美广场之一的Radcliffe Square，并且到牛津的其他任何地方步行均不超过15分钟。
基督教堂学院Christ Church建于1525年，位于牛津城南部，规模最大的学院之一，建筑与风光美仑美奂。
牛津人简称该学院为House’。
财富在牛津大学各学院中排名第二，各种奖学金助学金丰裕。
图书馆设备与住宿条件都好。
基督圣体学院Corpus Christi College建于15___年，与剑大同名学院一样，是牛大最小的学院之一。
学术很强，医学、PPE和英语尤其出色。
2023英国名校申请要求一览
2023英国名校申请要求一览1、英国牛津剑桥大学(或者伦敦商学院lbs等)入学要求虽说更合适学霸申请，但同学们根据自身情况还是可以考虑冲刺一下哦~(1)本科“211” 与“985”工程大学毕业：平均分GPA90分以上，一般要求雅思7.5分，单科不低于7分(各专业要求不同)(2)本科普通大学毕业(只适用于个别专业与一小局部中国大学)：平均分GPA90分，一般要求雅思7.5分，单科不低于7分。
2、英国大学G5(除牛津剑桥外)入学要求G5是很多留英同学们的梦校，不像牛剑那么高冷，但口碑响当当，申请难度也很高。
(1)本科“211” 与“985”工程大学毕业：平均分GPA85-90分以上，一般要求雅思7-7.5分，单科各专业要求不同(最低6分)(2)本科普通大学毕业 (只适用于个别专业，比方语言学，教育学，法律等等)：平均分GPA90分，一般要求雅思7-7.5分，单科要求各有不同。
3、英国大学TOP 6-10(也包括爱丁堡大学等)入学要求爱丁堡这所学校虽然排名没有很高，但学校认可度以及入学要求绝对是前十的一员。
(1)本科“211” 或者“985”工程大学毕业：平均分GPA85分，雅思6.5-7.5分(各专业要求不同)(2)本科普通大学毕业(只适用于个别专业与小局部中国大学)：平均分GPA85-90分，雅思6.5-7.5分(各专业要求不同)。
4、英国大学TOP11-20(也包括曼彻斯特大学等)入学要求(1)本科“211” 或者“985”工程大学毕业：平均分GPA80-85分，雅思6.5-7.5分(各专业要求不同)(2)本科普通大学毕业：平均分GPA80-85分，雅思6.5-7.5分(各专业要求不同)。
5、英国大学TOP21-30入学要求(1)本科“211” 或者“985”工程大学毕业：平均分GPA75-80分，雅思 6.5分(各专业要求不同)(2)本科普通大学毕业：平均分GPA80-85分，雅思6.5分(各专业要求不同)ps：与top20的学校不同，这些英国学校放宽了对申请者国内学历的要求，个别学校也承受有工作经历的大专生。
2018外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准
外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准1概述外语类专业是全国高等学校人文社会科学学科的重要组成局部，学科根底包括外国语言学、外国文学、翻译学、国别与区域研究、比拟文学与跨文化研究，具有跨学科特点。
外语类专业可与其他相关专业结合，形成复合型专业，以适应社会开展的需要。
本标准是全国高等学校外语类本科专业准人、建立和评价的依据。
各高校外语类专业应根据本标准制定适应社会开展需要、表达本校定位和办学特色的培养方案。
2适用专业围2.1专业类代码外国语言文学类(0502)2.2本标准适用的专业英语(050201)俄语(050202)德语(050203)法语(050204)西班牙语(050205)阿拉伯语(050206)日语(050207)波斯语(050208)朝鲜语(050209)菲律宾语(050210)梵语巴利语(050211)印度尼西亚语(050212)印地语(050213)柬埔寨语(050214)老挝语(050215)缅甸语(050216)马来语(050217)蒙古语(050218)僧伽罗语(050219)泰语(050220)乌尔都语(050221)希伯来语(050222)越南语(050223)豪萨语(050224)斯瓦希里语(050225)阿尔巴尼亚语(050226)保加利亚语(050227)波兰语(050228)捷克语(050229)斯洛伐克语(050230)罗马尼亚语(050231)葡萄牙语(050232)瑞典语(050233)塞尔维亚语(050234)土耳其语(050235)希腊语(050236)匈牙利语(050237)意大利语(050238)泰米尔语(050239)普什图语(050240)世界语(050241)孟加拉语尼泊尔语(050243)克罗地亚语(050244)荷兰语(050245)芬兰语(050246)乌克兰语(050247)挪威语(050248)丹麦语(050249)冰岛语(050250)爱尔兰语(050251)拉脱维亚语(050252)立宛语(050253)斯洛文尼亚语(050254)爱沙尼亚语(050255)马耳他语(050256)哈萨克语(050257)乌兹别克语(050258)祖鲁语(050259)拉丁语(050260)翻译(050261)商务英语(050262)阿姆哈拉语(050263T)吉尔吉斯语(050264T)索马里语(050265T)土库曼语(050266T)加泰罗尼亚语(050267T)约鲁巴语(050268T)3培养目标外语类专业旨在培养具有良好的综合素质、扎实的外语根本功和专业知识与能力，掌握相关专业知识，适应我国对外交流、国家与地方经济社会开展、各类涉外行业、外语教育与学术研究需要的各外语语种专业人才和复合型外语人才。
DIRART (Deformable Image Registration and Adaptive Radiotherapy) Software Suite
1
Table of Content DIRART (Deformable Image Registration and Adaptive Radiotherapy) Software Suite.............. 1 (Version 1.0a) ................................................................................................................................. 1 User Instruction Manual ................................................................................................................. 1 Version 0.1...................................................................................................................................... 1 Deshan Yang, PhD...................................................................................................................... 1 Issam El Naqa, PhD .................................................................................................
剑桥ALEVEL改
剑桥ALEVEL考试要求：
•
5、考试成绩 核心课程(A Level)考试的成绩分为A*、A、B、 C、D、E六个等级，A为最优，E为通过。 6、考试费用：每门1000-2000元人民币。 7、招生对象： 完成九年义务教育的初三毕业生， 有一定的英语基础； 参加入学考试，综合成绩合格，包括英语和各 科考试； 家庭经济条件良好，具有负担国外学习的经济 能力。
在中国的剑桥ALEVEL课程设置
在中国的剑桥ALEVEL课程设置除了保留发挥中国学生优势的课程外，更 考虑到学生知识面和人文素养的培养，增开了很多课程，学生可以挑选的余 地很大，这对学生的升学和进入大学学习有极大的帮助。
中国的剑桥ALEVEL考试科目，是参照剑桥大学考试院考试大纲选用的全英 文教材，同时，会根据国外一流大学录取标准的变化和同学专业选择需要而
接触全西式教育的冲击力。
让学生在提高并加强英语能力水平的过程中，从学习压力和心
理压力上逐步过渡到对学术性较强的ALEVEL课程的学习，借助Pre-A
达到一个适应并融合的效果。
AS Level与A2 Level
剑桥ALEVEL课程第一年称为AS Level，学生在 第一年通常选择自己最擅长且最有兴趣的3-4门课， 通过考试后学生获得AS证书。
ABB ABB ABB BBB BBB BBB ABB BB
澳大利亚 悉尼大学 Australia University of Sydney 阿德雷得大学 Adelaide University 新西兰 New Zealand 德国 Germany 比利时 Belgium 奥克兰大学 University of Auckland 梅西大学 Massey University 波恩大学 University of Bonn 布鲁塞尔大学 Brussels University
阿斯顿大学qs
阿斯顿大学qs近日，AST考试局与阿斯顿大学签署合作确认函。
阿斯顿大学在本科招生阶段就确认了学生的AST考试成绩。
阿斯顿大学成立于1895年，位于英国第二大城市伯明翰市中心。
学校风景优美，环境优雅。
该大学在商业、工程、设计、语言和教育方面尤为突出。
在英国大学专业领域排名中，阿斯顿大学毕业生长期位居英国前10名。
在2023年QS世界大学就业能力排名中，阿斯顿大学排名全球第18位。
这个排名的参考数据是学术声望、校友成就、雇主合作、雇主-学生关系和毕业生就业率。
据《泰晤士高等教育》报道，阿斯顿大学的“国际声誉”位列全球前10；“最国际化”的大学在英国排名第9，在世界排名第33。
在QS 星计划排名中，阿斯顿大学被评为“世界五星级优秀大学”。
阿斯顿大学是英国的一所研究型科技大学。
它以世界一流的教学质量和与工业、政府和商业的密切联系而闻名。
在2023年《经济学人》英国大学毕业生五年平均薪资排名中，阿斯顿大学获得英国第二名。
大学环境阿斯顿大学分为七个学院:商学院、人文艺术学院、理学院、工程学院、医学和牙科学院、社会科学和法律学院、医学和兽医科学学院。
该校强调商科、自然科学和工程。
阿斯顿商学院(ABS)的教学和研究水平在世界上享有很高的声誉，也是英国为数不多的获得三项国际认证(AMBA、EQUIS和AAC)的商学院之一。
五所重点大学阿斯顿大学商学院(ABS)在全球大学商学院排名中一直遥遥领先，分别获得英国AMBA、M国AAC和欧洲EQUIS认证。
阿斯顿大学是英国仅有的三所获得小企业奖金奖的投Z分析硕士学校之一。
此外，商学院的其他专业也获得了世界顶级获奖机构的认可和豁免，如英国特许公认会计师协会(ACCA)、英国心理学会(BPS)和英国特许管理会计师协会(CIMA)。
2023年，阿斯顿大学语言与社会科学学院被视为英国“现代语言与语言学”领先的研究和教育机构之一，是英国顶尖的语言学院。
各专业的优势主要是实用性。
在校期间还提供国际认可的SDL Trados翻译证书认证考试。
ilac pathway 标准
ILAC Pathway是一个国际化的教育认证体系，旨在为全球范围内的学生提供高质量的国际教育。
ILAC Pathway的标准包括以下几个方面：1.学术要求：学生必须完成一定的学术课程，包括语言、数学、科学、社会科学等。
同时，学生还需要通过考试和作业等评估方式证明自己的学术能力和水平。
2.语言能力要求：学生需要具备一定的英语水平，包括听说读写能力。
在ILAC Pathway中，学生需要通过英语水平测试，证明自己具备足够的语言能力。
3.学术成绩要求：学生需要达到一定的学术成绩标准，包括课程成绩和考试成绩等。
在ILAC Pathway中，学生需要达到规定的成绩标准，才能获得相应的认证和证书。
4.行为要求：学生需要遵守一定的行为规范和标准，包括课堂纪律、作业完成情况、出勤率等。
在ILAC Pathway中，学生需要遵守行为规范，并接受教师的指导和监督。
5.课程设置要求：ILAC Pathway的课程设置包括必修课程和选修课程。
必修课程包括语言、数学、科学、社会科学等基础课程，选修课程则根据学生的兴趣和需求进行选择。
在ILAC Pathway中，学生需要完成规定的课程设置，并获得相应的学分。
6.认证要求：ILAC Pathway的认证标准包括学生需要完成规定的学术课程和语言能力测试，并达到规定的学术成绩标准。
同时，学生还需要遵守行为规范和课程设置要求，并获得相应的学分和证书。
在ILAC Pathway中，学生需要满足认证标准，才能获得相应的认证和证书。
总之，ILAC Pathway的标准包括学术要求、语言能力要求、学术成绩要求、行为要求、课程设置要求和认证要求等方面。
这些标准旨在保证ILAC Pathway 的教育质量和学术水平，为学生提供全面的国际教育体验。
抱歉，当前访问用户较多，请稍后重试。
文档助手持续学习升级中，期待为你提供更优质的服务。
大专申请西班牙本科条件
大专申请西班牙本科条件1500字大专申请西班牙本科条件需要满足以下条件：1. 学历要求：申请西班牙本科需要拥有大专学历。
大专学历是指已经完成两年制研究生学位或相当于大专学位的教育程度。
申请者需要提供相应的学历证明文件，包括学位证书和成绩单。
2. 语言要求：西班牙是一种主要使用西班牙语的国家，因此申请者需要具备一定的西班牙语能力。
通常情况下，申请者需要提供相关的语言证书或成绩单，证明其具备足够的西班牙语水平。
3. 入学考试：一些西班牙大学要求申请者参加入学考试。
这些考试可能包括语言测试、学术能力测试和面试等。
申请者需要根据学校的要求进行相关考试，以证明自己具备申请该本科项目的能力。
4. GPA要求：GPA是申请者在大专阶段的平均学分绩点。
有些西班牙大学要求申请者在大专阶段的GPA达到一定标准才能申请本科。
具体要求因学校而异，通常要求在2.5到3.0之间。
申请者需要提供相应的成绩单，以证明自己的学术表现。
5. 推荐信：申请者通常需要提供一至两封推荐信，推荐人可以是导师、老师或者工作上的上司。
推荐信应该包括推荐人对申请者学术能力、专业素质和适应能力等方面的评价。
6. 个人陈述：申请者需要撰写一篇个人陈述，介绍自己的学术背景、研究兴趣、职业目标等。
个人陈述应该体现申请者对本科项目的热情和适应能力。
7. 其他材料：申请者可能需要提供其他材料，如护照、身份证明、照片等。
具体要求可以根据学校的要求来确定。
总之，申请西班牙本科需要具备相应的学历、语言能力、学术能力和适应能力等条件。
申请者需要根据学校的要求准备相关材料，并确保自己符合相应的条件。
申请藤校的条件
申请藤校的条件
申请藤校（指常春藤盟校，包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、哥伦比亚大学、普林斯顿大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、达特勒大学、布朗大学和康奈尔大学）通常需要具备以下条件：
1. 学术成绩优秀：藤校非常看重学术成绩，要求申请学生拥有出色的学术成绩和高分的标准化考试成绩（如SAT、ACT及SAT subject tests等）。
2. 强大的课外活动和领导能力：藤校对学生的综合发展也非常重视，希望申请者在课外活动中表现出色，并具备良好的领导能力和团队合作能力，能够在其所投身的领域中展示个人特长和才能。
3. 文书和推荐信：申请者需要撰写一篇优秀的个人陈述（Personal Statement），展示自己的独特性和对藤校的热爱。
此外，藤校也会要求申请者提供教师或指导员的推荐信，推荐信的内容和质量也会对申请产生重要影响。
4. 优秀的托福/雅思成绩：对于国际学生来说，藤校也会要求提交托福或雅思成绩，并要求达到一定的标准。
5. 独特性和多样性：藤校也注重招收具有独特性和多样性的申请者，包括不同的文化背景、学科兴趣、社会经历等。
需要注意的是，藤校非常竞争激烈，每年都会收到大量优秀的申请。
除以上条件外，藤校还会综合考虑申请者的综合素质，如创造力、领导力、社区服务等，以确保录取的学生符合藤校的招生标准和核心价值观。
englishlanguagerequirements英语水平要求-northed
585 River Avenue, Merbein South VIC 3505Phone: +61 3 5018 4600 Email: *********************.auWeb: .auFax: +61 3 5018 4688 National Provider No: 22179CRICOS Provider No: 03137C ABN: 8592 638 0041English Language Requirements Flyer V3 24/11/2015 Page 1 of 3English Language Requirements英语水平要求IELTS (International English Language Testing System)雅思（国际英语水平考试系统）Most Australian institutions have an IELTS test score as part of their entry requirements. NorthEd International College requires a pass of 5.5 across all sections.大多数澳大利亚教育机构，雅思成绩是他们部分的入学要求。
NorthEd 国际学院需要留学生的雅思每一项都不低于5.5分。
The Australian department of immigration and citizenship [DIAC] tends to rely on an IELTS score when processing student visas. Tests can be undertaken, and re-sat, in your home country prior to completing an application, or you can add an ELICOS component into your Australian study path to meet entry requirements.当在审理学生的签证时，澳大利亚移民公民部门（DIAC ）也需要雅思成绩。
曼彻斯特大学各专业alevel要求是什么
曼彻斯特大学各专业alevel要求是什么曼彻斯特大学始建于1824年，是一所位于英国第二繁华城市曼彻斯特的世界顶尖综合研究型大学，下面是小编分享的曼彻斯特大学各专业alevel要求是什么，希望能够帮助到大家。
一、生物医学与卫生学院1、听力学：申请医疗保健科学（听力学）BSc课程A-level要求为ABB且需包含一门科学学科（生物学/化学/物理/数学/心理学或应用科学）。
2、生物科学：生物科学系开设了生物学、细胞生物学、认知神经科学、免疫学、微生物学、分子生物学、细胞生物学药理学、动植物学等专业课程，通常A-level要求为AAA-ABB且需包含生物学、物理等特定科目。
3、牙科：牙科BDS课程A-level要求为AAA且需包哈生物和化学。
4、心理学：心理学系本科课程A-level要求为AAA-AAB且需包含生物/化学/物理/数学等科目。
二、科学与工程学院1、计算机科学系：计算机科学系开设了人工智能、计算机科学、人机交互、软件工程等专业课程，A-level要求为A*AA且需包含数学。
2、电气与电子工程：A-level要求为AAA-AAB，需包含数学/电子/物理等科目。
3、机械,航天与土木工程：申请工程学相关课程A-level要求需达到AAA（MEng）或AAB(BEng）。
4、化学系：化学系BSc课程A-level要求为AAA、MSc课程A-level要求为A*AA，且都需包含化学和一门科学科目。
5、数学系：数学系课程的A-level要求为A*AA-AAA且需包含数学科目。
三、人文学院1、商科：曼彻斯特大学商学院开设了会计、国际商务，金融与经济学、国际管理、商业信息技术相关本科课程，A-level要求为AAA-AAB。
2、艺术,语言和文化学院：该学院开设了历史、考古学、语言学、艺术史、戏剧等专业课程，A-level要求通常为AAA-ABB。
3、环境,教育与发展学院：该学院开设了建筑学、教育、环境管理、地理、房地产规划相关专业课程，A-level要求为ABB。
英国大学入学要求
英国大学入学要求英国作为世界上最受欢迎的留学目的地之一，其高等教育体系备受推崇。
然而，英国大学的入学要求因学校和专业而异。
本文将介绍一般性的英国大学入学要求，以帮助您了解如何规划自己的申请过程。
1. 学术资格要求（1）高中学历：通常要求申请者具备完整的高中学历，即通过完成12年的学业并获得相应的证书或文凭。
不同学校可能对学历有不同的要求，因此建议您在申请前详细了解学校的要求。
（2）相关学科要求：不同专业对学科背景的要求各有不同。
一些特定专业，如医学或工程类专业，可能需要申请人在高中时期已经学习了相关科目，如物理、化学或生物等。
因此，在选择课程或专业时，请确保目标学校对您的学科背景没有特殊要求。
2. 语言能力要求对于母语非英语的申请者，英语语言能力要求是申请英国大学的基本条件。
主要的英语语言考试有以下几种：（1）雅思（IELTS）：这是最常见的英语语言考试之一。
大部分英国大学要求申请者获得指定分数，通常要求在雅思考试中达到6.0-7.5的分数。
（2）托福（TOEFL）：托福是美国的英语语言考试，但在英国也被接受。
大部分学校要求申请者获得80-100的分数。
（3）剑桥英语考试：剑桥英语考试包括FCE、CAE和CPE等多种考试，不同大学对于不同考试的要求各有不同。
（4）其他语言考试：一些学校也接受其他英语语言考试成绩，如PTE和TOEIC。
请注意，在提交您的语言成绩时，请确保它们在申请截止日期前有效。
3. 个人陈述英国大学申请中的个人陈述（Personal Statement）在评估申请者时起着关键作用。
在个人陈述中，您需要清晰地描述自己的学术背景、兴趣爱好和为什么选择该专业的原因。
此外，您还可以介绍您在学校和社区中的领导能力，并描述自己的职业目标和解决问题的能力。
个人陈述的长度通常在500-600字左右，因此请确保在陈述中突出自己的特长和独特之处，同时展示您在该领域的热情和适应能力。
4. 推荐信学术推荐信在英国大学申请中也具有重要意义。
教育学专业词汇
[班]导师class teacher[班]导师制class teacher system二年级sopho more class二年级生{美} sophomo re二部制half-time system人民学院people's co llege入学考试entrance examinatio n入学标准；入学条件admissio n req uirements; entrance req uirements 三年级{美} ju nio r class三年级生{美} ju nio r上课时间class period; sessio n大众教育popular education大众教育；平民教育mass education [= people's edu catio n]大学university大学入学考试{英} matriculatio n大学入学许可证明matriculatio n certificate大学出版社university press大学生undergraduate大学自治university auto no my大学附设小学university elementary school大学附设中学university high schoo l大学城university city大学训练部门{英} u niversity training department大学区视学员{法} academy inspector大学区总长{法} recto r of academy大学推广教育university extensio n大学推广课程university extensio n co urse大学教育university educatio n大学毕业生university graduate大学暑期学校university summer school大学董事会{美} board of trustees大学董事会{英} board of regents大学预科college preparato ry department大学管理部门court of university大学学位university degree大学学院{英} u niversity co llege大学优异级课程{英} honor co urse大学优异级学分{英} honor credit女子中学girls' high schoo l女子学院women's co llege女童子军girl sco u t小学primary schoo l小学；基础学校{英} elementary schoo l小学校长{英} headteacher小学教育；初等教育primary education小学实习教师pupil teacher工人教育workers' education工作坊；研习会workshop工作室workroom工作限制work limit工作效率work efficiency工作教育学Work pedagogics工商管理学院college of bu siness administratio n工场学校factory schoo l; works schoo l工程教育engineering edu catio n工业教育；实业教育industrial educatio n [= technical educatio n] 工业学校；实业学校industrial school [= technical school]工资制；薪级表salary schedule; salary scale工厂艺徒学校factory apprentice schoo l工学院engineering college工艺industrial arts不分级教室ungraded roo m不分级学校ungraded schoo l不分级学校{义} non-classified school中等教育seco ndary educatio n中等学校seco ndary school中间教育{英} intermediate educatio n中间教育考试{英} intermediate examination中间学校{英} intermediate school中间学校{英}；中学{美} middle schoo l中辍生学校truant schoo l中学{美} high schoo l中学区high schoo l district中学推广教育high-school extensio n中学第一试{英} first certificate examinatio n中学第二试{英} second certificate examinatio n六三三制{美} six-three-three plan公民训练training for citizenship公立小学{英，校舍属地方政府所有者} provided schoo l公立高级中学{法} lyceum公共游乐(戏)场pu blic playgro und公共图书馆pu blic library公益服务教育public-service educatio n公务人员考试civil service examinatio n公学{英} pu blic schoo l分校branch school分级；分班；分类classification分级学校{义} classified school升级advancement; promotio n升等考试pro motio n examinatio n少年犯罪juvenile delinq u ency少年法庭juvenile co urt少年监狱juvenile priso n巴达维亚制Batavia plan心理卫生中心metal hygiene clinics手工艺学校handicraft school文法课程；文法班grammar co urse文法学校{英中学；美旧式中学及小学} grammar school文纳特卡制{进步主义学校} Winnetka Plan; Winnetka system 文理学院college of letters and science文学院college of liberal arts; faculty of arts文凭；毕业证书diplo ma文艺竞赛literary contest比较法comparative method; method of co mparison比较教育comparative educatio n水产教育fisheries edu catio n世界语Esperanto主任督学inspecto r-general主班；自己的教室{美} home room代课教师su bstitute teacher冬季学校winter schoo l功绩制merit system北达文制N o rth Denver Plan半日制学校half-day schoo l可调式座椅adjustable seat可调式课桌adjustable desk四年级senior class四年级生{美} senior外部考试{英} external examinatio n外部毕业生{英} external graduate外部学位{英} external degree平民学校commo n school幼儿师资培育学校kindergarten training school幼儿教育infant education幼儿学校{英} infant schoo l幼稚园kindergarten幼稚园教育kindergarten edu catio n幼稚园教员kindergartner未检定教师uncertificated teacher正规教育formal edu cation母姊会mothers' meeting母校alma mater民间中学；人民高中；民众高等学校{丹麦} folk high school; people's high schoo l 生命科学院schoo l of life and health sciences生产教育productive edu catio n田径比赛track and field athletics示范学校demonstratio n schoo l交换教授exchange professo rs休闲教育edu cation of leisure休会；休息recess全职生full-time student共通入学考试；统一入学考试commo n entrance examination名誉教授ho norary professor合作教育cooperative edu catio n合作学校{美} cooperative schoo l合格证照教师certificated teacher地方大学{英} provincial university地方公立中等学校{英} cou ncil seco ndary schoo l {co untry seco ndary school}地方公立学校{英} cou ncil school {co untry schoo l}多元技术学校polytechnic school多级制graded system安全教育safety educatio n州考试制度state examinatio n system州教育委员会{美} state board of edu cation州教育厅{美} state department of edu cation州教育厅长{美} commissio ner of edu catio n年级{英}；年级{美} form年级主任；班主任；年级教师{女，英} form mistress年级主任；班主任；年级教师{男，英} form master年级制{英} form system成人夜校night schoo l fo r adult成人教育adult educatio n成人学校adult school成熟考试maturity examinatio n成绩报告卡{美} report card扣留；拘禁；处罚学生放学后留校detention托儿中心；托儿所day care center托儿所；育婴所crèche有辅导职责之校长{美} su pervising principal考试；检查examinatio n考试制度examinatio n system自治self-go vernment行会学校gild schoo l; guild schoo l住校生resident stu dent免除；豁免exemptio n免费教育；义务教育free educatio n免费学校；穷人学校{美} free school免费学额{免学费入学员额，英} free place; special place 助学金；学生补助student aid男女混合教育co-edu catio n男舍监ho use master私立学校private school私立学校{日} non-pro vided schoo l育幼院infant-asylum育儿课程maternal co urse育婴院；育儿室；托儿所nursery走读生；通学生extern; no n-resident stu dent身体检查；体格检查physical examinatio n巡回教育展览会traveling edu catio nal exhibitio n巡回教师traveling teacher巡回博物馆traveling mu seum巡回图书馆traveling library例证；范例；楷模exemplification儿童法庭children's co urt儿童博物院children's mu seum儿童图书馆children's library儿童福利child welfare儿童剧场children's theater函授学校correspo ndence school制服unifo rm受公款补助学校{英} aided schoo l受刑人教育edu cation of priso ner夜校evening schoo l; Night school孤儿院orphan asylum; orphan schoo l孤儿教育edu cation of orphan宗教教育religio us edu catio n性教育sex edu catio n所；会；社；馆；学院；研究所institute招待所；小旅馆；大学生宿舍hostel林间学校forest schoo l; schoo l in woods; woods schoo l 林业教育forestry edu catio n波特兰制{科学重点学校；美} Portland Plan法律教育law edu catio n; legal education法学院college of law; law co llege; law schoo l社会服务训练social service training社会科学social science社会教育social educatio n社会教育学Social pedagogy社会导引social guidance社会遗传social heredity社团学校{美} corporatio n school初级中学{美} ju nio r high school初级技艺学校{英} ju nio r technical schoo l初等教育elementary education青年运动yo u th mo vement非正式教育informal edu catio n非宗教教育secular edu cation保育学校{英} nursery school室内活动indoo r play客观测验objective examinatio n指导教师preceptor; tuto r政治教育political educatio n星期学校Sunday school研究工作research work研究生graduate stu dent; post-graduate stu dent; research stu dent研究所graduate school; post-graduate school研究班；专题讨论会seminar研究学者research scho lar研究机构research institutio n科技学院technical co llege科学研究所scientific institute科学教育scientific education纪念日memo rial day美术学校fine arts schoo l; school of fine arts军事训练military training军事训练营military training camp军事教育military educatio n军事学校military school军事学院military academy降级；降等degrade音乐教育music edu catio n音乐学校；音乐厅music conservatory兼任教师part-time teacher夏令营summer camp娱乐时间recreatio n period家政教育；家事教育ho me eco no mics educatio n; h ouseho ld education 家政学校ho me-eco nomics schoo l家庭教育family educatio n; ho me edu catio n家庭教师private instructo r; private teacher家庭访问ho me visiting家庭与学校联谊社ho me and school club家庭卫生domestic hygiene家庭联络卡ho me card师资培育no rmal training; teacher training; training of teacher师范教育no rmal educatio n师范学校no rmal school师范学院college of preceptors师范学院{美} teachers co llege捐资学校endo wed school旁听生au dito r; gu est-pupil旅行学校travel schoo l校内生internal stu dent校外活动extra-school activity校地schoo l space校地；校址schoo l gro und [= schoo l land; schoo l sites]校舍schoo l ho use校舍管理主任building superintendent校舍调查building survey校长；院长recto r校长{大学} chancello r; president校长{中小学，美} headmaster; principal校风；学校精神schoo l spirit校务会议schoo l synod校规schoo l rule校际体育竞赛inter-co llegiate athletics; interscho lastic athletics校历schoo l calendar消遣阅读recreatio n reading海外教育overseas educatio n海军教育naval educatio n特殊教室special classroo m特殊学生special stu dent特殊学校special schoo l班长；监督生；长官prefect班级组织class organizatio n班级图书区classroom library班会class meeting班导师ho me-roo m teacher秘书教育secretarial educatio n级友；同班同学classmate航空学校aerial navigatio n school; aviatio n academy航海教育；海事教育nautical education训练学院training college退休制度retirement system退学withdrawal fro m schoo l逃学truancy院际体育竞赛{校内}；院内体育竞赛{校内} intermural athletics; intramural athletics 高级中学{美} senior high schoo l高级学院{美} senior college高等师范学校{法} higher no rmal school高等教育higher education高等学士学位{英} honors degree停学suspensio n假日ho liday假日班；假日课程ho liday co urse假期vacatio n假期学校vacatio n schoo l健康教育health educatio n副校长{大学，英、美} vice chancellor副校长{大学} vice president区；科；部；系department参观教学edu cational excursi o n商船学校mercantile marine schoo l商业教育bu siness educatio n; co mmercial edu catio n商学院college of commerce问卷；问题征答qu estio nnaire问卷法qu estio nnaire method国防教育edu cation for natio nal defense国家奖学金national scho larship国际教育internatio nal educatio n基础学校{德} foundatio n school妇女学校women's school寄宿学校board school; bo arding school专科学校{台湾}；初级学院{美} junior co llege专业考试pro fessio nal examinatio n专业教育pro fessio nal educatio n专业预备教育preprofessio nal educatio n专业学校pro fessio nal school强迫入学局attendance bureau; bureau of attendance强迫就学compulsory attendance; fo rced attendance at schoo l 推广班extension class教育edu cation教育文献edu cational literature教育年鉴；教育年刊edu cational yearbook教育百科全书encyclopedia of edu catio n教育行政edu cational administratio n教育行政人员edu cational administrato r教育局{美} office of edu catio n教育局长{美} su perintendent教育制度edu cational system; system of educatio n教育委员会{英}；教育委员会{美} board of education教育法令edu cational decree教育法案；教育草案edu cational bill教育社会学Edu catio nal socio logy教育宣导edu cational propaganda教育指导；教育指南edu cational guide教育政策edu cational po licy教育研究edu cational research教育研究局bureau of educatio nal research教育研究所{德} pedagogical institute教育研讨室pedagogy seminary教育科学science of educatio n教育捐款；教育基金edu cational endowment教育效率edu cational efficiency教育病理学Edu catio nal patho lo gy; Pedago gical patho logy教育财政edu cational finance教育专家edu cational expert教育统计学Edu catio nal statistics教育设备；教育设施edu cational plant教育部ministry of edu catio n教育部长minister of edu catio n; minister of pu blic instru ctio n 教育部长{美} secretary of edu catio n教育博物馆edu cational museum教育期刊edu cational jo urnal; educatio nal periodical教育税schoo l tax教育评论edu cational criticism教育阶梯edu cational ladder教育会议edu cational conference教育经费支出；教育开支edu cational expenditure教育资料edu cational data教育图书馆edu cational library; pedagogical library教育学Paideutics; Pedagogics; Pedago gy教育学系department of educatio n; educatio nal department 教育学院college of edu cation; schoo l of edu catio n教育学院{德} pedagogical academy教育机会edu cational oppo rtunity教育杂志edu cational magazine教育辞典edu cational dictio nary教育权[利] edu cational right教室classroom; lecture room; recitatio n room; teaching roo m 教员工作负担teacher's load教员聘约teacher's agreement教员检定certificatio n of teachers教师公会teachers' guild教师手册teacher's manual教师任期teacher tenure教师考试teachers' examinatio n教师研习所{美} teachers' institute教师评等制teacher rating scale教师资格qualification of teacher教师证照teacher's certificate; teacher's license教务长{美大学}；院长{英大学} provost教授、教员；系、科、学院faculty教授休假sabbatical leave教学费用expense of instruction教学实习practice teaching条件式升级conditio nal promo tion;烹调学校；烹饪学校cooking schoo l理学院college of science; science schoo l毕业graduatio n毕业生graduate毕业生集会convocation of graduates毕业典礼；开始Commencemen t毕业要求标准；毕业要件graduation req uirements毕业荣誉试{英} tripos毕业证书diplo ma of graduatio n移民教育immigrant educatio n统计法statistical method统计学Statistics统整教学；整合教学integrated instruction组织架构；组织图表organization chart终身任期life tenure终身证书life certificate; permanent certificate被欺侮；受辱{美} hazing访问教师visiting teacher贫民学校pauper school; poverty school; ragged school通俗讲演popular lecture速成班express class部分时制教育part-time educatio n部分时制学生part-time stu dent劳工大学workers' university劳动学院labo r co llege单轨制single school system; single track system; unitary school system单班学校one class schoo l; one roo m school; one teacher schoo l; single room school 寒假winter vacatio n就业考试placement examinatio n就业证照work certificate就学schoo l attendance就学督促员attendance officer普通教育commo n educatio n; general educatio n暑假summer vacatio n暑期学校summer schoo l期末考试final examinatio n朝会mo rning exercise残障教育cripple educatio n残障学校cripple schoo l; schoo l for defective; schoo l fo r the physically disabled 殖民地教育colo nial educatio n测验；随堂小考quiz无限任期indefinite tenure登记；入学；注册enro llment; registratio n短期课程short co urse; short term co urse童子军boy sco u t等级尺度；绩点量表point scale视察inspectio n注册员registrar注册簿；登录；注册register评议会{大学} senate; university co uncil贸易教育trade educatio n贸易学校trade school集权制centralized system集体教育collective edu catio n黑人学校{美} colored school园艺学校gardening schoo l填鸭式教育；死记硬背cramming感化院reformato ry感化教育reform education; reformatory edu cation感化学校reform schoo l新生；一年级学生；新手freshman [= no vice]新生班freshman class新生周freshman week新闻学教育Journalistic edu catio n照片廊；图像画廊picture gallery督促就学委员会schoo l attendance co mmittee督促就学员schoo l attendance officer督学inspecto r督导员su perviso r经认可之大学accredited university经认可之教员accredited teacher经认可之学校accredited school经认可之学院accredited co llege义务教育compulsory educatio n义教年龄compulsory school age圣巴巴拉制Santa Barbara Plan补助费；补助金grants补习班cramming schoo l补习课程；辅助课程su pplementary co u rse补偿compensatio n解散；退学；驱除dismissal; exclusio n fro m schoo l; expulsion试用probation试用年probationary year试用教师probationary teacher试用教师Probatio nary teacher试用证明probationary certificate农民学校peasant schoo l农村教育rural educatio n农村学校；乡村学校rural school农场学校farm schoo l农业教育agricultural education运动physical exercise运动会athletic meeting游戏室playroo m游戏场playgro und道尔顿计画{个别化自我学习} Dalto n plan隔离segregatio n预科preparatory department预备教育preliminary educatio n预备学校preparatory schoo l颁发学士学位的学院undergraduate college团体视导；团体督导gro u p supervision图书馆library图书馆教育library education实科学校{德} real school实习生；实习牧师probationer实习教师practice teacher荣誉制ho nor system荣誉榜ho nor ro ll荣誉学位ho norary degree演说竞赛oratorial contest监狱学校priso n schoo l硕士Master硕士学位Master's degree综合中学{美} composite high schoo l; comprehensive high school; co smopolitan high school 语言教育linguistic educatio n; speech edu catio n辅导处guidance department写作学校writing school奖学金scho larship奖学金；研究基金fellowship奖学金竞试competitive scho larship examinatio n; scho larship contest卫生教育；保健教育hygiene edu catio n请假leave of absence课外活动extra-class activity; extra-curriculum activity调查法survey method论文式考试；申论方式测验essay-type examinatio n阅览室reading room养老金；退休金pensio n学分credit学分；分数；绩点point学友；同学schoo lmate学生pu pil; stu dent学生手册student handbook学生交换exchange of stu dents学生自治pu pil self-go vernment学生自治会student go vernment学生纪录卡student's card学生贷款lo an fo r student学生贷款基金student lo an fund学生会；学生联会student council学年academic year; school year学位academic degree学位服academic costume学位论文academic dissertatio n; dissertatio n学制schoo l system学季制quarter system学前教育preschoo l educatio n学则schoo l constitutio n学校人口schoo l populatio n学校公告栏schoo l bulletin学校公债schoo l bond学校手册schoo l manual学校用具schoo l furniture学校用品schoo l su pplies学校考试schoo l examinatio n学校行政schoo l administratio n学校行政人员schoo l administrato r学校供膳；学校午餐schoo l feeding; schoo l lunch; schoo l meal 学校法schoo l law学校法庭schoo l co u rt学校社区schoo l community学校花园；学校园圃schoo l garden学校建筑schoo l building; schoo l plant学校纪律schoo l discipline学校展览会schoo l exhibition学校财政schoo l finance学校基金schoo l fund学校宿舍dormitory学校推广教育schoo l extensio n学校教育schoo l edu catio n学校教职员组织schoo l society学校统计schoo l statistics学校组织schoo l organizatio n学校设施schoo l establishment学校设备schoo l equipment学校博物馆schoo l museum学校普查schoo l census学校视察schoo l inspection学校诊疗所；学校门诊部schoo l clinics学校园游会；学校博览会schoo l fair学校节庆schoo l festival学校经费schoo l expenditure学校董事会schoo l board学校游戏场play centre; play garden学校预算schoo l bu dget学校图表schoo l chart学校图书馆schoo l library学校管理schoo l contro l; schoo l go vernment; school management 学校管理者schoo l manager学校网schoo l net学校仪式；学校典礼schoo l ceremo ny学校卫生schoo l hygiene; schoo l sanitatio n学校调查schoo l survey学校证书；学校证照schoo l certificate学级；班class学级学校grade school学院college学院院长dean学务报告schoo l report学术自由academic freedo m学术委员会academic council学术教育academic education学术荣誉scho lastic hono r学期schoo l term; term学期制semester plan学期论文term paper学费schoo l fee; tuitio n; tuitio n fee学费资助bursary学监proctor学龄schoo l age导生制{小老师} pu pil-teacher system导师制preceptor system; tuto r system战事教育war education战时教育wartime education亲师会parent-teacher asso ciatio n亲职教育parental educatio n谘询委员会；谘议委员会consultative committee选修制elective system优等生ho nors stu dent徽章insignia应用艺术学校schoo l of practical arts检定certificatio n营养；营养学nutritio n营养班nutritio n class疗养学校sanato rium school绩点制point system讲师；教师instructor讲师；讲演员lecturer讲座教授pro fesso rial chair点名ro ll call职员staff职业；占有occu pation职业指导vocational guidance职业科vocational co urse职业科目vocational su bject职业训练occu pational training职业教育vocational education职业陶冶vocational culture职业测验occu pational test; vocatio nal test职业辅导员vocational co unselo r职业课程vocational curriculum职业学校vocational schoo l职业选择vocational cho ice职业证照vocational certificate医学院college of medicine; medical co llege; school of medicine 医学教育medical educatio n离校证明leaving certificate双重轨制dou ble-track system额外指定作业extra assignment惩戒班disciplinary class兽医学院veterinary co llege药学教育；药物教育pharmaceutical education证书certificate边疆教育frontier educatio n劝学官员truancy officer矿业教育mining education竞争考试competitive examination继续教育continuing educatio n继续学校；进修学校continuation schoo l警察教育police edu catio n露天学校fresh-air school; open-air school体育physical culture; physical education体育场；运动场athletic field体育学校physical educatio n school体育馆；文科中学{德} gymnasium体格训练；体能训练physical training体操gymnastic exercise; gymnastics博士Doctor博士[学位]候选人Doctoral candidate博士学位Doctor degree媒体素养教育media literacy edu cation就学贷款student lo an暑期修课taking summer co urses渡假打工计划tour and part-time work program减班class reductio n登记分发入学admissio n by registratio n and placement 发展指标development indicators童军教育sco ut edu cation结业completio n of schooling华裔学生overseas Chinese students华侨学校schoo l of overseas C hinese华语文测验Chinese Pro ficiency Test著作审查review of academic wo rk评鉴公告evaluatio n bull etin评鉴成果evaluatio n outco me评鉴标准evaluatio n standard criteria超支钟点费overtime pay进修教育further edu catio n进修学士班the bachelor pro gram o f extension education 督导考核su pervisio n and assessment经费分配bu dget allocatio n经费补助bu dget su bsidy经费奖助bu dget rewards聘任recruitment肄业schoo l no nco mpletio n补习教育su pplementary edu catio n资格检定certificatio n资源中心reso u rce center资源教室reso u rce classroo m游学团overseas stu dy gro u p预审preliminary review侨民教育overseas Chinese edu catio n侨生overseas C hinese students侨生及外籍生辅导室counseling and guidance center fo r overseas Chinese and fo reign stu dents 侨生急难救助emergency assistance fo r overseas Chinese stu dents侨生校外工作证the wo rk permit of overseas Chinese stu dents侨教政策policy of overseas C hinese educatio n侨教团体organization of o verseas Chinese edu catio n实习教师intern实验高级中学experimental high schoo l实验教育experimental pro gram of educatio n甄试screening test甄审screening and review甄选入学admissio n by reco mmendation and screening硕士Master硕士班研究生Master stu dent硕士学位Master degree管制考核control and evaluatio n综合高中comprehensive high school网路环境整备internet enviro nment equipment readiness蒙藏语甄试test of Mongolian and Tibetan language语言能力证明language ability certificate认可名册appro val list说明会illustratio n meeting辅系mino r审定accreditatio n审查意见表review list审议委员会advisory committee庆典补助su bsidy for festival数位差距; 数位落差digital divide楼地板面积total floor area欧洲艺术文凭European art diplo ma奖助学金scho larship and grants复评re-evaluatio n复审seco nd review复检seco nd stage certification课外活动extracurriculum activity课桌椅规格specificatio ns of desks and chairs学力鉴定appraisal of academic achievement学士Bachelo r学士后教育学分班postgraduate teacher educatio n program学分credit学分抵免credits waiver and transference学生申诉student grievances学生自治团体student self-go vernment gro u p学生受教权students' right of educatio n学生社团students' organizatio n学生单位成本per-pu pil cost学生学习权students' right of learning学年学分sessio n credit学年学分制credit-based system学位审查degree review学位证书degree certificate; diplo ma学季quarter学门评鉴discipline evaluatio n学则schoo l regulatio n学科能力测验su bject competence test学校午餐schoo l lunch学校推荐schoo l reco mmendatio n学校教师会the teachers' associatio n at the school level学校设备基准basic standards of schoo l facilities学务工作student affairs学术专业团体pro fessio nal academic association学术奖academic award学期semester学历甄试test of educatio nal diplo ma学杂费tuitio n and fees学籍管理administratio n of stu dents' enro llment status整合型计画integrated project县市教师复检委员会local co mmittee fo r teachers certification 膳宿费board and lodging expenses谘询委员会advisory committee谘询辅导团Cou nseling and guidance group随班附读au dit餐饮督导人员catering inspector应届毕业graduate of the current year检定certificatio n检核examinatio n and recognitio n检核通过examinatio n and recognitio n营养教育nutritio n educatio n绩优{学生社团评鉴暨观摩活动）excellent perfo rmance总统教育奖President Educatio nal Award总量管制total amo unt co ntro l讲师instructor; lecturer讲座chair pro fesso r翻译专业人才pro fessio nal interpreter职前教育preservice teacher edu cation职业证照vocational license转系transfer; transfer pro gram转学transfer医学系department of medicine双主修dou ble major双重学籍dou ble registratio n双学位dou ble degree双联学制dual degrees system艺术教育art education证明书certificate; graduatio n certificate钟点费ho urly pay护校nursing high schools验证程序verifying procedure观摩活动observatio n and learning activities[学校]改制institution status change一般型计画general project一般教育补助general educational subsidy人力资本human capital人口基本资料库demographic database人才培育human resource development入学考试entrance examination入学资格admission requirement十二年国民义务教育twelve-y ear compulsory education大专校院institutes of higher education大学分部branch campus大学法University Law大学评鉴university evaluation工作小组task-force工作坊workshop工作执行小组executing group工读part time job for study中小学elementary and secondary school中长程校务发展计画middle and long range school development plan中华文化奖学金Chinese Culture Scholarship内部评鉴internal evaluation公费待遇government sponsorship公费留学考试{公费留考} the examination of government sponsorship for overseas study 公费留学奖学金the scholarship of government sponsorship for overseas study公费奖学金government sponsorship scholarship分发admission by placement升等promotion升学考试优待the affirmative action of entrance ex amination文教交流culture and education exchange牙医学系department of dentistry主管教育行政机关education administration authority代表著作representative writings外国学生foreign student外部评鉴external evaluation外籍英语教师foreign English teacher外籍配偶子女教育program for children with foreign parent外籍学生foreign student失学离校quit of schooling幼托整合integrating kindergartens and nursery schools幼儿教育early childhood education幼稚园kindergarten正规学制时间the time of formal school system民族教育权indigenous educational right民族学院tribal college民间非营利文教团体nonprofit of organization of culture and education民间团体non-governmental organization{NGO}申诉grievance申请入学admission by application白皮书White Paper休学suspension of schooling任教未中断证明teaching continuity document全民英语能力分级检定测验General English Proficiency Test全国教师会national teachers' association同等学力an equivalent education level各级政府教育经费应分担数额share of educational expenditure among governments 各国学制school system of different countries名誉博士；荣誉博士honorary doctorate合格师资certify teacher地方教育发展基金regional education development found地方教育审议委员会{直辖市及县市} Local Education Committee地方教师会local teachers' association在职专班in-service education program在职进修in-service training多元入学方案multiple entrance program多元文化multiculture安全守则safety rules安全校园空间secure campus space年资起计beginning seniority date成绩考查performance evaluation成绩考核performance evaluation成绩单transcript成绩优异提前毕业early graduation base on academic excellence扣减奖补助款subsidy deduction老人教育education for the elderly考招分离the separation of examination and enrollment system考试分发入学admission via examination and placement考试委员会examining committee自我评鉴self-evaluation自愿性退学voluntary withdrawal from school自筹经费self-help fundraising行政院教育经费基准委员会Educational Funding Committee, Executive Yuan 行政业务电脑化computerization of administration住宿生boarder助教teaching assistant助理教授assistant professor助学金grant完全中学six-year high school技专校院vocational and technological college and university技术研发technology research and development {= R&D}技术学院technical college技职校院university of technology技职教育technical and vocational education技职体系technical and vocational education system私立学校兴学establishment of private schools系所总量total amount of departments and graduate schools防灾教育白皮书White Paper on Education Disaster Prevention事故伤害防制accident injury prevention system来台留学foreign student study in Taiwan函授课程correspondence course受教权right to education姐妹校sister school性别平等教育gender equity education性教育sex education招生委员会student recruitment committee招生策进总会enrollment promoting association知识青年士兵educated young soldier知识管理knowledge management, KM社区大学community college社区化communization; integrating with local community社区学院community college社教工作站workstation of social education社会教育social education社会艺术教育art education for general public初审first review初检first stage certification非正规教育informal education非正规学制时间non-school day s保防教育public security education保留入学资格retainment of student status后期中等教育upper secondary education指定科目考试assigned-subject test指导委员会advisory committee查证程序verification procedure研究生学位考试final oral examination graduate degree; viva {英}研讨会{大型} conference研讨会{小型} seminar研习会workshop科技大学university of technology科学教育science education计画专案project降低国民中小学班级学生人数decreasing of class size个人申请individual application修业study修业时间study period修业期限study period修业期限study period修业期满completion study period修学旅行travel for study修读taking courses兼任教师part-time teacher原住民中小学elementary and secondary school of aboriginal原住民民族教育aboriginal education原住民民族教育资源教室resources classroom for aboriginal education 原住民民族教育审议委员会committee for aboriginal education原住民地区学校schools of aboriginal areas原住民推广教育机构institute for promoting aboriginal education原住民教育法Aboriginal Education Law原住民教育班aboriginal education class原住民聚居地区aboriginal inhabited area员额staff number家长参与教育事务parental right for school involvement家长参与学校事务权利right for parents' involvement in schools差别待遇discrimination treatment师资培育teacher education师资培育法Teacher Education Law师资培育审议委员会The Advisory Committee of Teacher Education校外实习off-campus internship校长学院National College for School Leadership{英}校长联席会议convention of school principals。
英国各大学申请要求
近几年申请英国留学的人数与日俱增，因此更应该做好申请留学英国的规划。
英国越是好的学校，对申请人的大学成绩、就读大学的档次要求越高。
在此，为大家整理了局部英国大学的入学要求。
阿伯丁大学(University of Aberdeen〕本科：预科班毕业生，IELTS 6.0-6.5，IBT85-93。
硕士：大学本科毕业，平均成绩至少75%以上，GPA3.0以上；IELTS 6.5〔写作6.0〕，IBT90，〔商科专业为IELTS7.0或IBT95〕；大学可为雅思成绩低0.5的学生提供1个月免费英语学习〔但学生的写作成绩必须到达6分〕，此外还可加读1至12个月的强化英语。
威尔士亚伯大学〔Aberystwyth University〕大学预科：预科班：高中平均成绩在80分以上，IELTS4.5分本科：完成中国大一或英国预科，IELTS6.0以上. 硕士：理科：平均成绩75分以上， IELTS 6.0，文科类：平均成绩78%分以上，IELTS 6.5阿斯顿大学〔Aston University〕本科：预科班毕业生，IELTS 6.0 分〔每局部都至少有5.5分〕。
硕士：本科毕业，需具备等同于英国一等或二上等荣誉学士的学位，各科成绩平均积分点〔GPA〕有所不同。
商学院硕士：均分78%，IELTS 6.5-7.0分。
威尔士班戈大学〔Bangor University〕大学预科：高中毕业生，或特别优秀的高二生，平均成绩80%以上，IELTS5。
本科：完成中国大一或英国预科，IELTS6 - 6.5。
硕士：大学本科毕业IELTS6-7，商科要求IELTS6.5以上。
巴斯大学〔University of Bath〕大学预科：高中毕业生。
国际学生预科 IELTS 5.0。
艺术设计专业大学预科 IELTS5.0。
本科：完成中国大一或者预科毕业生，英语能力IELTS6.0分以上。
硕士：本科学历或大专学历有工作经历者，GPA至少75%以上。
EN 10216-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROP ÉENNE EUROP ÄISCHE NORMEN 10216-2May 2002+ A1March 2004ICS 23.040.10; 77.140.75English versionSeamless steel tubes for pressure purposes -Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specifiedelevated temperature properties (including amendment A1:2004)Tubes sans soudure en acier pour service sous pression - Conditions techniques de livraison - Partie 2: Tubes en acier non alli é et alli é avec caract éristiques sp écifi ées àtemp érature élev ée(·nclut l amendement A1:2004)Nahtlose Stahlrohre f ür Druckbeanspruchungen - Technische Lieferbedingungen - Teil 2: Rohre aus unlegierten und legierten St ählen mit festgelegtenEigenschaften bei erh öhten Temperaturen(enth ält Änderung A1:2004)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 April 2002; amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 2 January 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U RO P ÉE N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N E UR O P ÄIS CH E S K O M I T E E F ÜR N O RM U N GManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 10216-2:2002 + A1:2004 EEN 10216-2:2002 (E)2ContentsForeword.....................................................................................................................................................................3 1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................................4 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................4 3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................5 4 SYMBOLS.......................................................................................................................................................5 5 CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION.......................................................................................................6 5.1 Classification.................................................................................................................................................6 5.2 Designation....................................................................................................................................................6 6 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER..........................................................................6 6.1 Mandatory information .................................................................................................................................6 6.2 Options...........................................................................................................................................................7 6.3 Examples of an order....................................................................................................................................7 7 MANUFACTURING PROCESS......................................................................................................................8 7.1 Steel making process ...................................................................................................................................8 7.2 Deoxidation process.....................................................................................................................................8 7.3 Tube manufacture and delivery conditions................................................................................................8 8 REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................8 8.1 General...........................................................................................................................................................8 8.2 Chemical composition..................................................................................................................................9 8.3 Mechanical properties ................................................................................................................................13 8.4 Appearance and internal soundness........................................................................................................18 8.5 Straightness.................................................................................................................................................18 8.6 Preparation of ends.....................................................................................................................................18 8.7 Dimensions, masses and tolerances........................................................................................................19 9 INSPECTION.................................................................................................................................................24 9.1 Types of inspection.....................................................................................................................................24 9.2 Inspection documents................................................................................................................................24 9.3 Summary of inspection and testing..........................................................................................................24 10 SAMPLING....................................................................................................................................................25 10.1 Frequency of tests ......................................................................................................................................25 10.2 Preparation of samples and test pieces ...................................................................................................26 11 TEST METHODS..........................................................................................................................................27 11.1 Chemical analysis.......................................................................................................................................27 11.2 Tensile test...................................................................................................................................................27 11.3 Flattening test..............................................................................................................................................28 11.4 Ring tensile test...........................................................................................................................................29 11.5 Drift expanding test.....................................................................................................................................29 11.6 Ring expanding test....................................................................................................................................30 11.7 Impact test....................................................................................................................................................30 11.8 Leak tightness test......................................................................................................................................31 11.9 Dimensional inspection..............................................................................................................................32 11.10 Visual examination......................................................................................................................................32 11.11 Non-destructive testing..............................................................................................................................32 11.12 Material identification .................................................................................................................................32 11.13 Retests, sorting and reprocessing............................................................................................................32 12 MARKING .....................................................................................................................................................33 12.1 Marking to be applied .................................................................................................................................33 12.2 Additional marking......................................................................................................................................33 13PROTECTION (33)Annex A (Informative) Creep rupture strength values........................................................................................34 Annex ZA (informative)............................................................................................................................................39 Bibliography (Informative).......................................................................................................................................40EN 10216-2:2002 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 10216-2:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 29, "Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Other Parts of EN 10216 are:Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties. Part 3 : Alloy fine grain steel tubesPart 4 : Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties Part 5 : Stainless steel tubesAnother European Standard series covering tubes for pressure purposes is: EN 10217:Welded steel tubes for pressure purposesAccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Foreword to amendment A1This document (EN 10216-2:2002/A1:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 29 "Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2004.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC.For relationship with EU Directive 97/23/EC, see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EN 10216-2:2002 (E)41 SCOPEThis Part of EN 10216 specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, with specified elevated temperature properties, made of non-alloy and alloy steel.NOTE This Part of EN 10216 may also be applied for tubes of non-circular cross section; necessary modification should be agreed a the time of enquiry and order.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCESThis European Standard incorporates by date or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For date references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).The requirements of this European Standard rule when they differ from those in the standards and documents referred to below:EN 10002-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature). EN 10002-5, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 5: Method of testing (at elevated temperature). EN 10020, Definitions and classification of grades of steel.EN 10021, General technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products. EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steels - Part 1 : Steel names, principle symbols.. EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steels - Part 2: Numerical systems. EN 10045-1, Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Part 1: Test method. EN 10052, Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products. EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.ENV 10220, Seamless and welded steel tubes - Dimensions and masses per unit length EN 10233, Metallic materials - Tubes - Flattening test. EN 10234, Metallic materials - Tubes - Drift expanding test. EN 10236, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring expanding test. EN 10237, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring tensile test.EN 10246-1, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes Part 1 : Automatic electromagnetic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness. EN 10246-5,Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes Part 5: Automatic full peripheral magnetic transducer/flux leakage testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.EN 10246-6, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 6: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless steel tubes for the detection of transverse imperfections.EN 10216-2:2002 (E)5EN 10246-7, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 7 : Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections. EN 10246-14, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 14:Automatic ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) steel tubes for the detection of laminar imperfections.EN 10256, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Qualification and competence of level 1 and level 2 NDT personnel.EN ISO 377, Steel and steel products - Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing (ISO 377:1997)prEN 101681) , Iron and steel products - Inspection documents - List of information and description.prEN 102661), Steel tubes, fittings and structural hollow sections - Symbols and definition of terms for use in product standardsEN ISO 2566-1, Steel - Conversion of elongation values Part 1: Carbon and low-alloy steels (ISO 2566-1:1984) ISO 14284, Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition CR 10260, Designation systems for steel - Additional symbolsCR 10261, ECISS Information Circular IC 11 - Iron and steel - Review of available methods of chemical analysis.3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONSFor the purposes of this Part of EN 10216, the terms and definitions given in EN 10020, EN 10021, EN 10052 and prEN 10266 and the following apply:3.1test categoryclassification that indicates the extent and level of inspection and testing 3.2employerorganisation for which a person works on a regular basis.NOTE The employer may be either the tube manufacturer or supplier or a third party organisation providing, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) services.4 SYMBOLSFor the purpose of this Part of EN 10216, the symbols given in prEN 10266 and the following apply:d specified inside diameter;d min specified minimum inside diameter; T min specified minimum wall thickness; D c calculated outside diameter; d ccalculated inside diameter;1) In preparation; until this document is published as a European Standard, the corresponding national standard(s) should be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.EN 10216-2:2002 (E)6T c calculated wall thickness; TCtest category5 CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION5.1 ClassificationIn accordance with the classification system in EN 10020, the steel grades P195GH, P235GH and P265GH are classified as non-alloy quality steels and the other steel grades are classified as alloy special steels.5.2 Designation5.2.1For the tubes covered by this Part of EN 10216 the steel designation consists of:the number of this Part of EN 10216; plus either:the steel name in accordance with EN 10027-1 and CR 10260; or:the steel number allocated in accordance with EN 10027-2. 5.2.2The steel name of non-alloy steel grades is designated by:the capital letter P for pressure purposes;the indication of the specified minimum yield strength at room temperature for wall thickness less than or equal to 16 mm, expressed in MPa (see Table 4): the symbols GH for elevated temperature.5.2.3 The steel name of alloy steel grades is designated by the chemical composition (see Table 2) and the symbols for the heat treatment, where specified in column 3 and footnote 3 of Table 1.6 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER6.1 Mandatory informationThe following information shall be supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order: a) the quantity (mass or total length or number); b) the term "tube";c) the dimensions (outside diameter D and wall thickness T or a set of dimensions covered by Option 11) (seeTable 6); d) the designation of the steel grade in accordance with this Part of EN 10216 (see 5.2); e)the test category for non-alloy steel (see 9.3).EN 10216-2:2002 (E)76.2 OptionsA number of options are specified in this Part of EN 10216 and these are listed below. In the event that the purchaser does not indicate a wish to implement any of these options at the time of enquiry and order, the tubes shall be supplied in accordance with the basic specification (see 6.1).1) Cold finishing (see 7.3.2).2) Restriction on copper and tin content (see Table 2). 3) Product analysis (see 8.2.2). 4) Impact testing (see Table 4).5) Longitudinal impact testing at -10° C for non-alloy steel grades (see Table 4). 6) Tensile testing at elevated temperature (see 8.3.2). 7) Selection of leak-tightness test method (see 8.4.2.1).8) Non-Destructive Testing for test category 2 tubes for detection of transverse imperfections (see 8.4.2.2).9) Non-Destructive Testing for test category 2 tubes for detection of laminar imperfections (see 8.4.2.2). 10) Special ends preparation (see 8.6).11) Set of dimensions other than D and T (see 8.7.1). 12) Exact lengths (see 8.7.3).13) The type of inspection document other than the standard document (see 9.2.1). 14) Test pressure for hydrostatic leak-tightness test (see 11.8.1). 15) Wall thickness measurement away from the ends (see 11.9). 16) Non-Destructive Testing method (see 11.11.1). 17) Additional marking (see 12.2). 18)Protection (see 13).6.3 Examples of an order6.3.1 Example 1100 t of seamless tube with an outside diameter of 168,3 mm, a wall thickness of 4,5 mm, in accordance with EN 10216-2, made of steel grade P265GH, to test category 1 with a 3.1.C inspection certificate in accordance with EN 10204:100 t - Tube - 168,3 x 4,5 - EN 10216-2 - P265GH - TC1 - Option 13: 3.1.C6.3.2 Example 2100 m of seamless tube with a minimum inside diameter of 240 mm, a minimum wall thickness of 40 mm in accordance with Part of EN 10216, made of steel grade 10CrMo9-10, with a 3.1.C inspection certificate in accordance with EN 10204:100 m - Tube - d min 240 x T min40 - EN 10216-2 - 10CrMo9-10 - Option 13: 3.1.CEN 10216-2:2002 (E)87 MANUFACTURING PROCESS7.1 Steel making processThe steel making process is at the discretion of the manufacturer.7.2 Deoxidation processSteels shall be fully killed.7.3 Tube manufacture and delivery conditions7.3.1 All NDT activities shall be carried out by qualified and competent level 1,2 and/or 3 personnel authorised to operate by the employer.The qualification shall be in accordance with EN 10256 or, at least, an equivalent to it.It is recommended that the level 3 personnel be certified in accordance with EN 473 or, at least, an equivalent to it.The operating authorisation issued by the employer shall be in accordance with a written procedure. NDT operations shall be authorised by level 3 NDT individual approved by the employer.NOTEThe definition of level 1, 2 and 3 can be found in appropriate Standards, e.g. EN 473 and prEN 102567.3.2 The tubes shall be manufactured by a seamless process.Unless option 1 is specified, the tubes may be either hot or cold finished at the discretion of the manufacturer. The terms hot finished and cold finished apply to the condition of the tube before it is heat treated in accordance with7.3.3.Option 1: The tubes shall be cold finished before heat treatment. 7.3.3The tubes shall be supplied in the relevant heat treatment conditions as specified in Table 1.8 REQUIREMENTS8.1 GeneralWhen supplied in a delivery condition indicated in clause 7.3 and inspected in accordance with clauses 9, 10 and 11, the tubes shall conform to the requirements of this Part of EN 10216.In addition, the general technical delivery requirements specified in EN 10021 shall apply.Tubes shall be suitable for hot and cold bending provided the bending is carried out in an appropriate manner. When tubes are specified in the order by d, d min or T min the following equations, with all terms in mm, shall apply for the calculation of outside diameter D c , inside diameter d c and wall thickness T c , instead of D, d and T for the relevant requirements in clauses 8.4.1.4, 10.2.2.2, 11.3, 11.8.1, 11.9, 11.11.4, 12.1 and Table 1, footnote c, Tables 4, 5, 8, 10, 13 and 14: D c =T d2(1)D c = T d of tolerance d 22minmin(2)EN 10216-2:2002 (E)9d c = 2minmind of toleranced(3)T c = 2minminT of toleranceT(4)For tolerance see Tables 8, 9 and 10.8.2 Chemical composition8.2.1 Cast analysisThe cast analysis reported by the steel producer shall apply and conform to the requirements of Table 2.NOTE When welding tubes produced in accordance with this Part of this EN 10216, account should be taken of the fact that the behaviour of the steel during and after welding is dependent not only on the steel, but also on the applied heat treatment and the conditions of preparing for and carrying out the welding.8.2.2 Product analysisOption 3 : Product analysis for the tubes shall be supplied.Table 3 specifies the permissible deviations of the product analysis from the specified limits on cast analysisgiven in Table 2.EN 10216-2:2002 (E)10Table 1 Heat treatment conditions Steel grade Heattreatment aAustenizing Tempering SteelnameSteelnumberTemperature°CCoolingMediumTemperature°CCoolingmedium P195GH 1.0348 +N b880 to 940 Air - -P235GH 1.0345 +N b880 to 940 Air - -P265GH 1.0425 +N b880 to 940 Air - - 20MnNb6 1.0471 +N b900 to 960 Air - - 16Mo3 1.5415 +N b890 to 950 Air - -8MoB5-4 1.5450 +N b920 to 960 Air - - 14MoV6-3 1.7715 +NT b c930 to 990 Air 680 to730 air 10CrMo5-5 1.7338 +NT b c900 to 960 Air 650 to 750 air 13CrMo4-5 1.7335 +NT b c900 to 960 Air 660 to 730 air 10CrMo9-10 1.7380 +NT b c900 to 960 Air 680 to 750 air 11CrMo9-10 1.7383 +QT 900 to 960 Air or Liquid 680 to 750 air 25CrMo4 1.7218 +QT 860 to 900 Air or Liquid 620 to 680 air 20CrMoV13-5-5 1.7779 +QT 980 to 1030 Air or Liquid 680 to 730 air 15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 1.6368 +NT c880 to 980 Air 580 to 680 airX11CrMo5+I 1.7362+I +I 890 to 950 FurnaceAtmosphere- -X11CrMo5+NT1 1.7362+NT1 +NT1 930 to 980 Air 730 to 770 airX11CrMo5+NT2 1.7362+NT2 +NT2 c930 to 980 air 710 to 750 airX11CrMo9-1+I 1.7386+I +I 950 to 980 FurnaceAtmosphere- -X11CrMo9-1+NT 1.7386+NT +NT c890 to 950 air 720 to 800 airX10CrMoVNb9-1 1.4903 +NT c1040 to 1090 air 730 to 780 airX20CrMoV11-1 1.4922 +NT c1020 to 1080 air 730 to 780 aira+N = Normalising, +NT = Normalising + Tempering, +QT = Quenching + Tempering (air or liquid), +I = Isothermal Annealing.b Normalising includes Normalising Forming.c For these steel grades it may be necessary in the case of wall thickness T above 25 mm or T/D > 0,15 to apply quenching and tempering in order to achieve the intended structure and material properties . The decision shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer but shall be stated to the customer at the time of enquiry and order. Steel tubes treated in such a way shall be designated by the steel name supplemented by the symbol +QT .EN 10216-2:2002 (E)13Table 3 Permissible deviations of the product analysis from specified limits on cast analysis given in Table 2Element Limiting value for the cast analysis in accordance with Table 2 % by massPermissible deviation of the product analysis% by mass C0,29 0,02 0,400,05 Si 0,40 to 1,000,06 1,000,05 Mn 1,00 to 1,500,10 P 0,025+ 0,005 0,010+ 0,003 S 0,010 0,020+ 0,005 Al 0,0600,005 B0,0060,001 1,000,05 1,00 to 10,000,10 Cr 10,00 to 12,500,15 Cu0,80 0,05 0,35 0,03 Mo0,35 to 1,20 0,04 N0,070 0,01 Nb0,10 0,005 0,35 0,05 Ni0,35 to 1,30 0,07 Ti0,060 + 0,010 0,10+ 0,01 V 0,10 to 0,55 0,03 8.3 Mechanical properties8.3.1 Mechanical properties at and below room temperatureThe mechanical properties at and below room temperature of the tubes shall conform to the requirements in Table 4 and in clauses 11.3, 11.4, 11.5 and 11.6.8.3.2 Proof strength at elevated temperatureThe minimum proof strength R p0,2 values at elevated temperature are given in Table 5.Option 6: Proof strength R p0,2 shall be verified. The test temperature shall be specified at the time of enquiry and order.。
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阿斯顿大学（Aston University）创始于1895年，坐落在英国第二大城市伯明翰市的市中心。
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在QS世界大学毕业生就业能力排名中，阿斯顿大学名列世界第72名。
该排名的参考数据分别是学术声望，校友成果，雇主合作，雇主与学生关系，毕业生就业率。
据泰晤士高等教育评选，阿斯顿大学“国际声誉”位列全球前10名；“最国际化”大学排名中位列全英第9名，全球第33名。
在过去的20年中，阿斯顿大学就业率排名始终为全英前10名。
阿斯顿大学在星期日泰晤士报大学指南2016排行榜的每项指标（教学质量、学生满意度和就业前景）都排在全英前5名。
同时，阿斯顿大学还是英格兰中部地区M5大学联盟的成员之一。
英语要求
IELTS最低分数预科5.5分,（本科生）6.0-6.5分，（研究生）6.5-7分。