保存剂对天然胶乳中白坚木皮醇含量的影响_英文_

第20卷　第3期 云南农业大学学报 V ol 120　N o 132005年　6月 Journal of Y unnan Agricultural University Jun.2005　收稿日期:2004-12-133基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(30160012) 33通讯作者　作者简介:邓瑶筠(1959-),女,副研究员,主要从事天然橡胶副产品资源开发利用研究。

Study on the Contents of Q uebrachitol in N aturalLatex w ith Di fferent Latex P reservatives T reating3DENG Y a o 2jun 1,Ao Ning 2jia n 233(1.Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute ,Zhanjiang 524001,China ;2.Institute of Biomedical Engineering ,Jinan University ,G uangzhou 510632,China )Abstract :The fresh natural rubber latex were treated by different latex preservatives ,including amm onia aqua ,amm onia aqua/boric acid ,amm onia aqua/T MT D ・zinc oxide and s odium benzoate.The contents of quebrachitol in natural latex (PR107)were investigated.The results show that the releasing and extraction of quebrachitol in natural latex were hindered by latex preserva 2tive.The extraction rate of quebrachitol in the field latex serum without preservative treatment is 0115%and the average ex 2traction rate for latex serum preserved with amm onia aqua ,amm onia aqua/T MT D ・zinc oxide and amm onia aqua/boric acid are 0106%,0107%and 0104%respectively.K ey w ords :natural rubber latex ;preservative ;quebrachitol ;conetent中图分类号:T Q 33112 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-390X (2005)03-0326-05保存剂对天然胶乳中白坚木皮醇含量的影响邓瑶筠1,敖宁建233(1.中国热带农业科学院产品加工研究所,广东湛江524001;2.暨南大学生物医学工程研究所,广东广州510632)摘要:用氨水、氨/硼酸、氨/TT ・氧化锌和苯甲酸钠4种胶乳保存剂处理PR107品系天然胶乳,研究胶乳中白坚木皮醇含量的变化。

结果表明,胶乳保存剂阻碍胶乳中白坚木皮醇的释出和提取,未经保存剂处理的新鲜胶乳乳清,其白坚木皮醇的提取率可达0115%,经氨水、氨/TT ・氧化锌和氨/硼酸保存剂处理的胶乳乳清,其白坚木皮醇的平均提取率分别为0106%,0107%和0104%。

关键词:天然胶乳;胶乳保存剂;白坚木皮醇;含量 L 2Quebrachitol (12(2)22202methyl 2chiro 2inositol ,1)was first is olated in 1889from the quebracho bark of Aspidosperma quebracho by T anret [1].L 2Quebrachitol occurs naturally in 11families of dicotyledons and be 2cause it is seldom found with its is omer D 2pinitOl (one exam ple where they occur together is in mistletoe )in the same plant family ,is olation from a biological s ource pro 2vides an excellent means of obtaining pure material.The use of L 2quebrachitol is further augmented by its avail 2ability in high concentrations from one particular plant species.The rubber tree (Heavea brasiliensis )can pro 2vides L 2quebrachitol ,which is reported to constitute 115%of the aqueous phase (serum )of the latex [2].As an optically active cyclitol ,L 2Quebrachitol has only re 2cently emerged as a new im portant chiral building block to be used as a starting material for the synthesis of a wide variety of bioactive materials and m ost notably inos 2itol pharmacy [3～6].Because of the high value of thequebrachitol,its price g oes up continually in recent decades[7].Although there are many rubber plantations on s outh and east Asia countries,the developing of que2 brachitol still do not g o into industry due to s ome un2 s olved technical problems in those counties.As the con2 tent of quebrachitol in latex is affected greatly by the preserving condition,but no relating report on preserva2 tive for quebrachitol was found at home and abroad,on the basic of previous study[8],the effect of latex preser2 vative on the quebrachitol content in latex were further investigated in this paper.1　Materials and methods111　MaterialsFresh PR107clonal latex was obtained from Exper2 imental Farm under China Academy of T ropical Agricul2 tex preservatives used is amm onia aqua,amm o2 nia aqua/boric acid,amm onia aqua/TT・zinc oxide and s odium benzoate.All chemicals are of analytically pure. Latex coagulant is acetic acid(analytically pure).Equipments are rubber sheet creper for industrial use and sucking filter as well as concentrating unit made by our Institute.112　MethodThe fresh latex was preserved,coagulated and creped in accordance with the experimental design,the latex serum was collected and the quebrachitol was ex2 tracted out.The com parative analysis with weight per2 cent was carried out for the quebrachitol(final product) extracted from all test sam ples.11211　Latex preservationT he antiseptic preservation ex periment was carried out with fresh PR107latex by using4comm on latex preservatives,6treatments were set up,every treatment with3replicates.E ach sam ple contains10kg fresh la2 tex.T he preservative used in each treatment as well as its concentration and preserving time are listed as follows:(1)Blank:fresh latex without any preservative added and without preserving treatment.The latex was coagulated immediately in order to obtain the serum.(2)T12Amm onia aqua:the concentration of am2m onia aqua is0125%(w/w)of the fresh latex.(3)T22Amm onia aqua/boric acid:the concentra2 tion of the preservative is0103%/0120%(w/w)of the fresh latex.(4)T32Amm onia aqua/TT・zinc oxide(A):The concentration of the preservative is0120%/0102% (w/w)of the fresh latex.(5)T42Amm onia aqua/TT・zinc oxide(B):The concentration of the preservative is0125%/0103% (w/w)of the fresh latex.(6)T52S odium benzoate:the concentration of the preservative is0120%(w/w)of the fresh latex.All of the preserving times of T1,T2,T3and T4 are4h,1d,3d and5d.11212　Preparation of latex serumThe coagulation rating of the latex is as follows:(1)Diluting concentration of latex is21%.(2)C oagulating concentration of latex is20%.(3)Suitable am ount of acid used for coagulation of latex is018%(w/w)of the dry rubber.The flow sheet for preparing serum is as follows:Latex→determinating dry rubber content→diluting latex according to the rating→determinating amm onia content of diluted latex→acid coagulation according to the rating→creping with heavy grained creper for col2 lecting the serum.11213　Extraction and determination of the content of quebrachitolThe Extraction steps are as follows:Serum→con2 centration by heating→decoloration and purification→re2 concentration→extraction→drying extract→quebrachitol (final product).The final product of quebrachitol is com pared with the standard sam ple of quebrachitol to identify the purity according to the optical rotation.The purities of the final products of quebrachitol is olated from latex in this exper2 iment are m ore than98%.Then the content of quebra2 chitol is determined as mass percent.2　R esults and discussionsThe effect of these preservatives on the quality of723第3期 DENG Y ao2jun,et al.:Study on the C ontents of Quebrachitol in Natural Latex with Different Latex Preservatives Treatinglatex and the variation of amm onia content in latex are listed in table1and table2respectively.The difference between the effect of different latex preservative on latex quality can be explained by the change of amm onia con2 tent.N o matter which preservative is applied,its amm o2 nia content is the key factor determining the preserving effect on latex.The latex preservatives containing amm o2 nia possess antiseptic effect to a certain extent.When the same latex preservative containing amm onia is ap2plied,its amm onia content will be the determinant for its preserving effect on latex.According to the experimental results,only when the amm onia content of the latex maintains m ore than0110%,then the latex can be pre2 served effectively;if the amm onia content of the latex is less than0105%,the latex will putrefy.The quebrachi2 tol can only be extracted out from the latex preserved satis factorily;it can not be extracted out from the putre2 fied latex.T ab.1　The qu ality variation of latex in different preservativetreatmentPreserving timecoagulate immediately4h1d3d5dblank yesT1g ood g ood g ood g oodT2g ood sur face thin skinning small rubber coagulum sur face thick skinning T3g ood g ood g ood g oodT4g ood g ood g ood g oodT5sur face skinning coagulation by fermentation N ote:T1:amm onia aqua;T2:amm onia aqua;T3:TT(A);T4:TT(B);T5:s odium benzoateT ab.2　The contents of ammonia in latex in various treatments%treatmentPreserving timecoagulate immediately4h1d3d5dblank0T101152011370112001120 T201082010460104201043 T301125011240112001120 T401165011550114001140 T50 N ote:T1:amm onia aqua;T2:amm onia aqua;T3:TT(A);T4:TT(B);T5:s odium benzoate T ab.3shows the effect of preservatives on quebra2 chitol in latex.It can be seen that it is certain the latex preservatives affect obviously the quebrachitol in latex. Different preservative has different effect on quebrachi2 tol.The quebrachitol obtained immediately from the blank latex sam ple without any treatment is highest and am ounts to0115%(w/w)of the latex serum.The aver2 age extraction rates of the quebrachitol extracted from la2 tex preserved with amm onia aqua or amm onia aqua/TT・zinc oxide which possess better preserving effect are 0106%and0107%respectively,which account only for the half of that obtained from the blank sam ple.It was found in the sam ples treated with preservative amm onia aqua/TT・zinc oxide at tw o different concentration that the concentration of preservative has little effect on the extraction rate of quebrachitol.The antiseptic effect of the preservatives amm onia aqua/boric acid and s odium benzoate is not satis factory;after preservation with these preservatives,the quebrachitol content of the sam ple de2 creases or the quebrachitol is totally consumed by mi2 croorganism.it als o can be seen that although the preservatives are different,the tendency of the effect of preserving time on the quebrachitol in latex is substan2 tially the same;that is to say,when the preserving time823云南农业大学学报 第20卷is prolonged to and within3days,the extraction rate ofquebrachitol tends downwards,but bey ond3days ittends upwards.T ab.3　The contents of quebrachitol in latex in different preservative%treatmentPreserving timecoagulate immediately4h1d3d5dblank01151T101039010490103501129 T201075010350101201033 T301073010670107801054 T401060010480103801114 T50deterioration N ote:T1:amm onia aqua;T2:amm onia aqua;T3:TT(A);T4:TT(B);T5:s odium benzoate When the extraction is carried out immediately after collecting the latex,then there is no additional protec2 tive layer on the surface of rubber particles,the latex has not been invaded by microorganism and the con2 stituents of latex vary only slightly,therefore,the ex2 traction rate of the quebrachitol is the highest.As for the sam ples preserved with amm onia,a lot of changes occur to the non2rubber constituents in latex,for exam ple,at the initial stage of preservation the lipoids in latex hy2 drolyze under the action of enzyme and produce the high2 er fatty acids that react with amm onia contained in latex preservatives and form amm onium s oap gradually;the s oap is ads orbed on rubber particles and maintains the colloidal stability of the fresh latex.Because the preser2 vative forms a layer of amm onium s oap on the surface of the colloidal particles as a protective film,which not on2 ly stabilizes the colloidal state,but als o hinders the re2 leasing of s ome non2rubber constituents such as quebra2 chitol.Therefore,during the initial stage of preserva2 tion,the extraction rate of quebrachitol is lower than that from blank sam ple.As the preserving time is prolonged, the decom posable lipids contained in latex had been all decom posed and the amm onium s oap stops to form;at the same time the destabilizing factors in latex such as hydrolysis of protein and decom position of sugar become the determinant and the mechanical stability of the latex decreases accordingly,the separation of rubber particles and serum is easier,s o that s ome water s oluble non2rub2 ber constituents contained in latex such as quebrachitol can be released.Therefore,during the medium and late stages of preservation,the extraction rate of quebrachitol increases.But when the preserving time is over and the preservative is out of service,then the protective film on surface of rubber particles is breakdown and putrefied gradually by the erosion of enzyme and bacteria in latex, all quebrachitol contained in latex are abs orbed and uti2 lized by microorganism at the early stage when the pro2 tective layer on rubber particles is eroded by the mi2 croorganism,s o that there is no m ore quebrachitol con2 tained in putrefied latex.3　ConclusionIt is certain that latex preservative is the main fac2 tor affecting directly the extraction rate of quebrachitol. 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