雅思阅读常见关系词解析之举例说明关系词
雅思听力中的关系词剖析
先来说说什么叫关系词，即体现句子之间关系的词或词组。
也有不少人称之为信号词，或者是连接词。
不管在雅思听说读写四门中的任何一门都需要用到这类词，以使得句子更加流畅，句意更加明晰。
360教育集团分析认为，关系词可非分两大类：1. 同向关系词同向关系词，即用上此类词或词组，句子内部或句子间的方向没有发生改变，只是根据前面的句意进一步延伸和细化。
将其归纳为：举例关系词：for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example类比关系词：like, alike, similar, same, as选择，并列和递进关系词：or, either…or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more, furthermore, moreover (分号;)因果关系词：表示由引起的，后接原因的词或词组：because，because of，as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that表示导致，后接结果的词或者词组：so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate总结关系词：in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief2. 逆向关系词：逆向关系词，即用上此类词或词组，句子内部或句子间的方向发生改变，前后句子意思形成相反关系。
雅思阅读的逻辑关系词
雅思阅读的逻辑关系3.2.1 举例关系for example常用词汇/短语❖ e.g., i.e., next, such, such as, including❖for instance, in this case, say,❖in general, in particular, especially, specifically❖take sth. for example, to exemplify,❖ a case in point is……, that is……常见考点设置：概述+ 具体举例3.2.2 并列/顺序/递进关系first, second, then, last常用词汇/短语❖on one hand/on another (hand), for one thing/for another (thing),❖firstly, first of all, to begin/start/with,❖afterwards, again, then, thereafter,❖meanwhile, in the meantime/at the same time,❖secondly, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover, in the second place, what is more, in other words❖thirdly, in the third place, to make things worse,❖in the first/second/third place,❖eventually, finally, at last/length, lastly, last but not least常见考点设置：时间/步骤/程序性题材3.2.3 比较/对比关系-er –est than常用词汇/短语(1) 比较级-er est more less than(2) 词汇❖after all, clearly, instead, like/unlike, of course, still❖differ/different from, distinguish from❖match parallel rival(3) 句型❖in the same way a s, as...as…, not so…as…常见考点设置：段落首尾句3.2.4 强调关系indeed常用词汇/短语❖above all, actually, certainly, indeed,❖in fact, now,❖equally important; most importantly,常见考点设置：显著醒目，复述/升华核心思想3.2.5 条件/假设关系if常用词汇/短语❖if/when, in case, once, unless,❖as long/far as, on condition that❖providing that, suppose that, should that常见考点设置：多角度说明/论述较费解现象/论点，增强内容全面性注意虚拟语气的配套使用3.2.6 总结/综述关系To sum up常用词汇/短语❖At last,❖In brief/general/short/the long run/a word,❖On the whole,❖To conclude/to sum up/to summarize,❖In conclusion/a round up/summary,❖To recapitulate,常见考点设置：做出总结，常见于考察全段/全文主旨的题目★3.2.7 因果关系because 重中之重！因果关系是IELTS阅读关注的核心逻辑！(1) 名词❖原因: reason, argument, aspect, cause, factor, determinantperspective, rationale❖结果: result, consequence outcome upshot(2) 副词❖accordingly, consequently, correspondingly,❖hence, so, thereby, therefore, thus, as a result, (3) 短语❖because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result of(4) 动词(短语):A (原因)❖account for/arise from/arouse/bring about/cause❖contribute to/explain/give rise to/induce❖lead to/result in/spark/spawn/trigger/underlie❖ B (结果) result from/stem from A (原因)(5) 连词: because从句❖as, for, since, so, why常见考点设置：结合句型，体现难度★ 3.2.8 转折关系but 慎中之慎！转折关系是IELTS阅读关注的整体逻辑！(1) 副词❖however, nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise❖admittedly, conversely, in contrast, on the contrary (2) 连词❖but, yet, while, whilst, whereas❖although/though, even if/though, rather than (3) 介词❖despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, unlike常见考点设置：引导文意，体现陷阱。
雅思阅读之牢记8组常见关系词
雅思阅读之牢记8组常见关系词你是不是常常面对着雅思阅读眉头紧皱，篇幅辣么长，我的答案从哪里去寻找,今天给大家带来了拯救雅思阅读困难户大作战--牢记8组常见关系词，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
拯救雅思阅读困难户大作战--牢记8组常见关系词①表示举例a case in point, after all, as an proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, specifically, to illustrate, to demonstrate②表示增补additionally, along with, also, as well as, besides, equally, even, furthermore, in addition, just as, moreover, not only…but also…, what’s more③表示强调above all, as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, most important, obviously, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt④表示比较by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, likewise, similarly⑤表示让步admittedly, after all, all the same, although, even so, in spite of, nevertheless⑥表示结果accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence,in this way, so, therefore, thus.⑦表示转折although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yet.⑧表示结论as has been noted(mentioned, stated), at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up , to summarize.雅思阅读机经真题解析-农村交通方案For more than 40 years, Practical Action have worked with poor communities to identify the types of transport that work best, taking into consideration culture, needs and skills. With our technical and practical support, isolated rural communities can design, build and maintain their own solutions.A Whilst the focus of National Development Plans in the transport sector lies heavily in the areas of extending road networks and bridges, there are still major gaps identified in addressing the needs of poorer communities. There is a need to develop and promote the sustainable use of alternative transport systems and intermediate means of transportation (IMTs) that complement the linkages of poor people with road networks and othersocio-economic infrastructures to improve their livelihoods.B On the other hand, the development of all weathered roads (only 30 percent of rural population have access to this so far) and motorable bridges are very costly for a country with a small and stagnant economy. In addition these interventions are not always favourable in all geographical contexts environmentally, socially and economically. More than 60 percent of the network is concentrated in the lowland areas of the country. Although there are a number of alternative ways by which transportation andmobility needs of rural communities in the hills can be addressed, a lack of clear government focus and policies, lack of fiscal and economic incentives, lack of adequate technical knowledge and manufacturing capacities have led to under-development of this alternative transport sub-sector including the provision of IMTs.C One of the major causes of poverty is isolation. Improving the access and mobility of the isolated poor paves the way for access to markets, services and opportunities. By improving transport poorer people are able to access markets where they can buy or sell goods for income, and make better use of essential services such as health and education. No proper roads or vehicles mean women and children are forced to spend many hours each day attending to their most basic needs, such as collecting water and firewood. This valuable time could be used to tend crops, care for the family, study or develop small business ideas to generate much needed income.D Road BuildingWithout roads, rural communities are extremely restricted. Collecting water and firewood, and going to local markets is a huge task, therefore it is understandable that the construction of roads is a major priority for many rural communities. Practical Action arehelping to improve rural access/transport infrastructures through the construction and rehabilitation of short rural roads, small bridges, culverts and other transport related functions. The aim is to use methods that encourage community driven development. This means villagers can improve their own lives through better access to markets, health care, education and other economic and social opportunities, as well as bringing improved services and supplies to the now-accessible villages.E Driving forward new ideasPractical Action and the communities we work with are constantly crafting and honing new ideas to help poor people. Cycle trailers have a practical business use too, helping people carry their goods, such as vegetables and charcoal, to markets for sale. Not only that, but those on the poverty-line can cam a decent income by making, maintaining and operating bicycle taxis. With Practical Actions know-how. Sri Lankan communities have been able to start a bus service and maintain the roads along which it travels. The impact has been remarkable. This service has put an end to rural peoples social isolation Quick and affordable, it gives them a reliable way to travel to the nearest town, and now their children can get an education, making it far more likely theyll find a path outof poverty. Practical Action is also an active member of many national and regional networks through which exchange of knowledge and advocating based on action research arc carried out and one conspicuous example is the Lanka Organic Agriculture Movement.F Sky-scraping transport systemFor people who live in remote, mountainous areas, getting food to market in order to earn enough money to survive is a serious issue. The hills are so steep that travelling down them is dangerous. A porter can help but they are expensive, and it would still take hours or even a day. The journey can take so long that their goods start to perish and become worth less and less. Practical Action have developed an ingenious solution called an aerial ropeway. It can cither operate by gravitation force or with the use of external power. The ropeway consists of two trolleys rolling over support tracks connected to a control cable in the middle which moves in a traditional flywheel system. The trolley at the top is loaded with goods and can take up to 120kg. This is pulled down to the station at the bottom, either by the force of gravity or by external power. The other trolley at the bottom is therefore pulledupwards automatically. The external power can be produced by a micro hydro system if access to an electricity grid is not an option.G Bringing people on boardPractical Action developed a two-wheeled iron trailer that can be attached via a hitch behind the scat) to a bicycle and be used to carry heavy loads (up to around 200kgs) of food, water or even passengers. People can now carry three tunes as much as before and still pedal the bicycle. The cycle trailers are used for transporting goods by local producers, as ambulances, as mobile shops, and even as mobile libraries. They are made in small village workshops from iron tubing, which is cut, bent, welded and drilled to make the frame and wheels. Modifications are also carried out to the trailers in these workshops at the request of the buyers. The two-wheeled ambulance is made from moulded metal, with standard rubber-tyred wheels. The "bed" section can be padded with cushions to make the patient comfortable, while the "seat" section allows a family member to attend to patient during transit.A dedicated bicycle is needed to pull the ambulance trailer, so that other community members do not need to go without the bicycles they depend on in their daily lives. A joining mechanism allows for easy removal and attachment. In response to user comments, acover has been designed that can be added to give protection to the patient and attendant in poor weather Made of treated cotton, the cover is durable and waterproof.Questions 1-4Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage1?In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement is trueNO if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. A slow developing economy often cannot afford some road networks especially for those used regardless weather conditions.2. Rural communities officials know how to improve alternative transport technically.3. The primary aim for Practical Action to improve rural transport infrastructures is meant to increase the trade among villages.4. Lanka Organic Agriculture Movement provided service that Practical Action highly involved in.Questions 5-8Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.5. WHAT is the first duty for many rural communities to reach unrestricted development?6. WHAT was one of the new ideas to help poor people carry their goods, such as vegetables and charcoal, to markets for sale?7. WHAT service has put an end to rural peoples social isolation in Sri Lanka?8. WHAT solution had been applied for people who live in remote, mountainous areas getting food to market?Questions 9-13SummaryComplete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Besides normal transport task, changes are also implemented to the trailers in these workshops at the request of the buyers when it was used on medical emergency or a moveable 9 ; Ambulance is made from metal, with rubber wheels and drive by another bicycle. When put with 10 in the two-wheeled ambulance, the patient can stay comfortable and which another 11 can sit on caring for patient in transport journey. In order to dismantle or attach other equipment, an assembling 12 is designed. Later, as users suggest, 13 has also been added to give a protection to the patient.*题目：Rural Transport Plan of “Practical Action“篇章结构体裁论说文题目农村交通的实践方案结构(一句话概括每段大意)A 段国家发展计划的交通部门重心的不足及解决方案。
详细解析雅思阅读中的关系词
详细解析雅思阅读中的关系词在雅思阅读中有一类词叫关系词，通过它可以有效地定位文章主旨并且搜寻到细节信息从而迅速锁定答案，同时，关系词也适用于雅思阅读的任意一个题型当中。
常见于雅思阅读中的关系词包括：表示“因果”的关系词、“转折”关系词、“比较”关系词以及“并列”关系词等。
下面三立在线小编为大家一一解读。
1. “因果”的关系词(as a result, result in, result from, lead to, because of, due to, contribute to, owning to, hence, since, accordingly, consequently, therefore, in that, etc.)2.“转折”关系词(despite, in spite of, but, although, though, while, yet, otherwise, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.)3. “比较”关系词( more, than, less, the least, the most, prefer, equally, likewise, similarly, in comparison, as…as, etc.)4.“并列”关系词( first, second…finally, and, or, as well as, one…the other,not…nor…, etc.)A) 用于判断题型中，例：a) T: Most forms of environmental pollution are associated with industrialization.Q: Industrialization has led to pollution problems.此题中题目与原文都含有因果关系，且因果相同，仅是同义词组替换罢了。
【优质】雅思阅读中的8个常见关系词-范文word版 (2页)
【优质】雅思阅读中的8个常见关系词-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读中的8个常见关系词在雅思阅读考试的答题过程中，找到文章中的关系词，就能确定答案所在的段落，进而更加有可能解答相关题目。
所以大家在备考雅思阅读考试的过程中，一定要记忆一些常见的关系词，这样答题更加有效率。
①表示举例a case in point , after all , as an proof , as an illustration , as an example , for example , for instance , in particular , just as , namely , specifically , to illustrate , to demonstrate②表示增补additionally , along with , also , as well as , besides ,equally , even , furthermore , in addition , just as , moreover , not onlybut also , whats more③表示强调above all , as a matter of fact , indeed , in fact , most important , obviously , to be sure , truly , undoubtedly , without doubt④表示比较by comparison , equally , equally important , in comparison , in the same way , in the same manner , likewise , similarly⑤表示让步admittedly , after all , all the same , although , even so , in spite of , nevertheless⑥表示结果accordingly , as a result , consequently , for this reason , hence , in this way , so , therefore , thus .。
【参考文档】名师解读雅思阅读中的关系词word版本 (2页)
【参考文档】名师解读雅思阅读中的关系词word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==名师解读雅思阅读中的关系词在雅思阅读中有一类词叫关系词，通过它可以有效地定位文章主旨并且搜寻到细节信息从而迅速锁定答案，同时，关系词也适用于雅思阅读的任意一个题型当中。
常见于雅思阅读中的关系词包括：表示因果的关系词、转折关系词、比较关系词以及并列关系词等。
下面雅思就请名师为大家一一解读。
1. 因果的关系词2.转折关系词3. 比较关系词4.并列关系词A ) 用于判断题型中，例：a ) T : Most forms of environmental pollution are associatedwith industrialization .Q : Industrialization has led to pollution problems .此题中题目与原文都含有因果关系，且因果相同，仅是同义词组替换罢了。
b ) T : Los Angeles has some of the worlds cleanest carsfarbetter than those of Europebut the total number of miles those cars drive continues to grow .Q : Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce theyearly distances they travel by car .此题原文转折词 but 所连接后面的内容 continues to grow 与问题中的考点 tending to reduce 形成语义矛盾。
【推荐下载】浅谈雅思阅读中的关系词-推荐word版 (1页)
【推荐下载】浅谈雅思阅读中的关系词-推荐word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==浅谈雅思阅读中的关系词在雅思阅读的授课当中，常会听到学生焦急而又无奈地说：老师，我已读懂了题目，可为何还是难以准确定位题目在文中的具体位置呢。
当然，多数学生已掌握通过题目所给出的关键词如：人名、地点、时间、数字、生词以及大写字母等到文中寻找答案。
然而却忽略了在作者布局谋篇，展开论述的过程中最倚重的联络官关系词(也称信号词)，通过它可以有效地定位主旨并且搜寻到细节信息从而迅速锁定答案, 同时，它也适用于雅思阅读的任意一个题型当中。
常见于阅读中的关系词包括：表示因果的关系词、转折关系词、比较关系词以及并列关系词等。
1. 因果的关系词 ( as a result , result in , result from , leadto , because of , due to , contribute to , owning to , hence , since , accordingly , consequently , therefore , in that , etc .)2. 转折关系词 ( despite , in spite of , but , although , though , while , yet , otherwise , on the other hand , however , nevertheless , nonetheless , etc .)3. 比较关系词 ( more , than , less , the least , the most ,prefer , equally , likewise , similarly , in comparison , asas ,etc .)4.并列关系词 ( first , secondfinally , and , or , as well as ,one the other , notnor , etc .)A )用于判断题型中，例：a ) T : Most forms of environmental pollution are associatedwith industrialization .。
【2019最新】着眼雅思阅读中的常见关系词 把握雅思阅读技巧-实用word文档 (1页)
【2019最新】着眼雅思阅读中的常见关系词把握雅思阅读技巧-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==着眼雅思阅读中的常见关系词把握雅思阅读技巧下面在线雅思频道为大家收集整理了着眼雅思阅读中的常见关系词把握雅思阅读技巧，更多最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，资讯，尽在在线雅思频道!雅思阅读中的常见关系词解读，常见于雅思阅读中的关系词包括：表示因果的关系词、转折关系词、比较关系词以及并列关系词等。
1. 因果的关系词2.转折关系词4.并列关系词A ) 用于判断题型中，例：a ) T : Most forms of environmental pollution are associatedwith industrialization .Q : Industrialization has led to pollution problems .此题中题目与原文都含有因果关系，且因果相同，仅是同义词组替换罢了。
b ) T : Los Angeles has some of the worlds cleanest carsfarbetter than those of Europebut the total number of miles those cars drive continues to grow .Q : Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce theyearly distances they travel by car .此题原文转折词 but 所连接后面的内容 continues to grow 与问题中的考点 tending to reduce 形成语义矛盾。
C ) T : The traditional images of the male breadwinner andfemale housewife and mother may be breaking down among females butthis process is occurring more slowly among males .。
雅思词汇：关系词的定义和分类以及使用详解
雅思词汇：关系词的定义和分类以及使用详解一、关系词的定义和分类关系词，即体现句子之间关系的词或词组。
也有不少人称之为信号词，或者是连接词。
不管在雅思听说读写四门中的任何一门都需要用到这类词，以使得句子更加流畅，句意更加明晰。
分析认为，关系词可非分两大类：1. 同向关系词同向关系词，即用上此类词或词组，句子内部或句子间的方向没有发生改变，只是根据前面的句意进一步延伸和细化。
将其归纳为：举例关系词：for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example类比关系词：like, alike, similar, same, as选择，并列和递进关系词：or, either…or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, wha t’s more, furthermore, moreover (分号;)因果关系词：表示由引起的，后接原因的词或词组：because，because of，as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that表示导致，后接结果的词或者词组：so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate总结关系词：in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief2. 逆向关系词：逆向关系词，即用上此类词或词组，句子内部或句子间的方向发生改变，前后句子意思形成相反关系。
雅思阅读逻辑关系词介绍
雅思阅读逻辑关系词介绍雅思考试中，阅读部分的文章是很多变的，但是如果抓住雅思阅读中几个关键的技巧的话，难度并不高，文章再怎么变也会有一定内在的逻辑主线，因此雅思阅读中的逻辑关系词就成了抓住主线的一个重要线索。
雅思阅读逻辑关系词一、语意推断语意推断主要是运用于重点题型之一的摘要题(Summary)。
具体是指根据空格所在句及前后句的逻辑关系词，分析词语之间，句子之间的语意关系，推断出所缺单词的大致含义。
例如：1.剑4 / P77 / Q38Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a particular linguistic feature.根据while这个表示对比或转折的逻辑关系词，可以判断它前后部分是对比或反义关系。
“a wide range of language”指的是语言研究的广泛的各个方面，可以预判空格处应是指具体的方面。
2.剑1 / P20 / Q4-5The very first fire-lighting methods involved the creation of friction by, for example, rapidly rotating a wooden stick in a round hole.根据介词“by”和“for example”这个表示举例的逻辑关系词，可以预判第二个空格应是和“creation of friction”(产生摩擦)的具体动作有关的词。
3.剑1 / P20 / Q6The use of percussion or persistent chipping was als o widespread in Europe …根据表示并列的逻辑关系词or，可以判断它前后部分是并列关系。
Chipping是“削，凿”的意思，可以预判空格处应是类似意思的词。
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雅思阅读常见关系词解析之举例说明关系词
【雅思阅读举例说明关系词】在剑八Test 1 Passage 2的“Air Traffic Control In The USA”一文中得以体现。
Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation’s airports, telling arriving and departing t raffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.
This is往往是举例子、下定义句子的开头。
大家在看到此段中“This is a very incomplete part of the picture”(这只是整个大局中一个不完整的部分)一句时会不会突然有点兴奋?敏感?如果是，恭喜你，这说明你对举例说明方面的关系词开始开窍啦!因为此句中的incomplete正对应Question 16段落标题配对题v选项“An oversimplified view”中的oversimplified，而this is就是引导我们定位题目出处的“导航仪”。
除此以外，剑四Test 3 Passage 2的“Volcanoes - Earth-Shattering News”一文中也有类似例子。
Geologists consider the earth as having a molten core, surrounded by a semi-molten mantle and a brittle, outer skin. It helps to think of a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy white and a hard shell. If the shell is even slightly cracked during boiling, the white material bubbles out and sets like a tiny mountain chain over the crack- like an archipelago of volcanic islands such as the Hawaiian Islands. But the earth is so much bigger and the mantle below is so much hotter.
作者用类比来说明一个抽象事物，在剑三的“The Rocket From East To West”一文中也有体现。
上文中作者将火山喷发的原理比喻成“a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy whit e and a hard shell.”(一个未煮熟的鸡蛋，有着流质的蛋黄，凝固而湿软的蛋白和坚硬的外壳)。
与此相对应的是Question 15给Section B配对标题，正确答案是causes of volcanic eruption(火山喷发的原理)，恰恰是文中作者的类比内容总结归纳得来。