雅思阅读的逻辑关系词

雅思阅读的逻辑关系
3.2.1 举例关系for example
常用词汇/短语
❖ e.g., i.e., next, such, such as, including
❖for instance, in this case, say,
❖in general, in particular, especially, specifically
❖take sth. for example, to exemplify,
❖ a case in point is……, that is……
常见考点设置：概述+ 具体举例
3.2.2 并列/顺序/递进关系first, second, then, last
常用词汇/短语
❖on one hand/on another (hand), for one thing/for another (thing),
❖firstly, first of all, to begin/start/with,
❖afterwards, again, then, thereafter,
❖meanwhile, in the meantime/at the same time,
❖secondly, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover, in the second place, what is more, in other words
❖thirdly, in the third place, to make things worse,
❖in the first/second/third place,
❖eventually, finally, at last/length, lastly, last but not least
常见考点设置：时间/步骤/程序性题材
3.2.3 比较/对比关系-er –est than
常用词汇/短语
(1) 比较级-er est more less than
(2) 词汇
❖after all, clearly, instead, like/unlike, of course, still
❖differ/different from, distinguish from
❖match parallel rival
(3) 句型
❖in the same way a s, as...as…, not so…as…
常见考点设置：段落首尾句
3.2.4 强调关系indeed
常用词汇/短语
❖above all, actually, certainly, indeed,
❖in fact, now,
❖equally important; most importantly,
常见考点设置：显著醒目，复述/升华核心思想
3.2.5 条件/假设关系if
常用词汇/短语
❖if/when, in case, once, unless,
❖as long/far as, on condition that
❖providing that, suppose that, should that
常见考点设置：
多角度说明/论述较费解现象/论点，增强内容全面性
注意虚拟语气的配套使用
3.2.6 总结/综述关系To sum up
常用词汇/短语
❖At last,
❖In brief/general/short/the long run/a word,
❖On the whole,
❖To conclude/to sum up/to summarize,
❖In conclusion/a round up/summary,
❖To recapitulate,
常见考点设置：
做出总结，常见于考察全段/全文主旨的题目
★3.2.7 因果关系because 重中之重！
因果关系是IELTS阅读关注的核心逻辑！
(1) 名词
❖原因: reason, argument, aspect, cause, factor, determinant
perspective, rationale
❖结果: result, consequence outcome upshot
(2) 副词
❖accordingly, consequently, correspondingly,
❖hence, so, thereby, therefore, thus, as a result, (3) 短语
❖because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result of
(4) 动词(短语):
A (原因)
❖account for/arise from/arouse/bring about/cause
❖contribute to/explain/give rise to/induce
❖lead to/result in/spark/spawn/trigger/underlie
❖ B (结果) result from/stem from A (原因)
(5) 连词: because从句
❖as, for, since, so, why
常见考点设置：结合句型，体现难度
★ 3.2.8 转折关系but 慎中之慎！
转折关系是IELTS阅读关注的整体逻辑！
(1) 副词
❖however, nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise
❖admittedly, conversely, in contrast, on the contrary (2) 连词
❖but, yet, while, whilst, whereas
❖although/though, even if/though, rather than (3) 介词
❖despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, unlike
常见考点设置：引导文意，体现陷阱。