10---迷走神经影像

Extracranial segment and branches 颅外段及分支
Vagal neclei — intra-axial segment 脑内段
The vagus nerve is a parasympathetic nerve supplying the head and neck region and thoracic and abdominal viscera, the parasympathetic fibers project from the dorsal vagal nucleus. It also has a motor function to the soft palate, pharyngeal constrictor muscle, larynx, and palatoglossus muscle of the tongue and these fibers orginate in the nucleus ambiguus.
Cisternal segment 脑池段
The vagus nerve exits the brainstem just below the ninth nerve and courses with this nerve through the basal cistern. 迷走神经在舌咽神经下方穿基底池出脑干
After leaving the skull, the course of the vagus nerve is a long vertical descending one: In the neck, it passes through the retrostyloid space and carotid. In the thorax, the right vagus nerve descends along the right side of the trachea, oasses behind the right main bronchus and reaches the posterior aspect of the esophagus. The left vagus nerve travels anterior to the aorta, supplies the left recurrent nerve, course to the posterior aspect of the main left bronchus before reaching the anterior aspect of the esophagus.
咽支自迷走神经的颅底下方处分出，支配软 腭和咽缩肌，接收会厌、气管和食管的感觉信息。
Extracranial segment and branches 颅外段及分支
The superior laryngeal nerve divides into a sensory internal branch transmitting sensory information from the hypopharynx, larynx, and true vocal cords and a motor external branch supplying the inferior constrictor muscle and cricothyroid muscle. 喉上神经分成内侧的感觉支和外侧的运动支。 感觉支传递下咽部、喉部和声带的感觉信息。运 动支支配咽缩肌和环甲肌。
迷走神经第一支 – Arnold 神经或耳支，在颈静脉孔内分出，起自上神经节 – 穿过乳突小管，到达面神经乳突段 – 传导鼓膜、外耳道及外耳表面的感觉信息
Canal for Arnold nerve or auricular branch—axial CT scan through this canal. Arnold nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve, which leaves the pars vascularis of the jugular foramen and travels through Arnold’s canal (gray arrows) to reach the mastoid segment of the facial nerve (black arrow) in its canal. N, pars nervosa of the jugular foramen; V, pars vascularis of the jugular foramen. N，颈静脉孔神经部 V，颈静脉孔血管部
迷走神经： 副交感神经 运动功能纤维
支配头颈部和胸腹部脏器 起自迷走神经背核 支配软腭、咽缩肌、喉和舌腭肌 起自疑核
Vagal neclei — intra-axial segment 脑内段
It carries visceral sensory information from the esophagus, larynx, trachea, and thoracic and abdominal viscera, which terminate in the solitary tract nucleus. The tenth nerve also receives taste from the epiglottis, which is directed to the solitary tract nucleus. The nerve is also sensory to the tympanic membrane, EAC, and external ear. This information arrives in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
The vagus and bulbar accessory nerve—paracoronal reformatted contrastenhanced 3D-FFE image. The tenth and eleventh nerves travel through the jugular foramen together and cannot be distinguished from one another. Both nerves are seen as a low signal intensity thick arch (white arrows) surrounded by enhancing venous structures. Also visible are the internal carotid artery (white arrowhead), temporal lobe (T), and cerebellum(C).
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Sagittal MRI and diagram of jugular foramen showing the Xth cranial nerve and the inferior ganglion.
Extracranial segment and branches 颅外段及分支
The vagal nerve then follows the posterolateral wall of the internal carotid artery down to the anterior wall of the aortic arch on the left and the anterior wall of the subclavian artery on the right. 迷走神经沿颈内动脉后外侧向下走行，左侧迷走 神经经过主动脉弓前方，右侧迷走神经经过锁骨 下动脉前方
Extracranial segment and branches 颅外段及分支
The pharyngeal branches exit the vagus nerve just below the skull base and are responsible for the motor innervation of the soft palate and pharyngeal constrictor muscles and receive sensory information from the epiglottis, trachea, and esophagus.
来自食管、喉、气管以及胸腹部脏器的内脏感觉信息终于迷走神经 孤束核 迷走神经接受会厌的味觉，中枢突终于孤束核 迷走神经接受鼓膜，外耳道和耳廓的感觉，中枢突止于三叉神经脊 束核

Vagal nuclei, intra-axial segment—axial m-FFE through upper/middle medulla. The nucleus ambiguus (blue dot), dorsal vagal nucleus (black dot), solitary tract nucleus (yellow dot) , spinal nucleus of the trigiminal nerve (white dot) and their corresponding fascicular nerve segments (colored lines) are located posteriorly in the medulla.
CRANIAL NERVE ANATOMY 颅神经结构 The Vagus Nerve or Cranial NerveⅩ
迷走神经

The Vagus Nerve can be divided in several segments
– – – – intra-axial segment (脑内段） cisternal segment （脑池段） skull base segment （颅底段） extracranial segment （颅外段）