USB Enhanced Host Controller - 1E26叹号的解决办法
realtek pcie fe family controller感叹号
realtek pcie fe family controller感叹号Realtek PCI FE Family Controller感叹号出现的原因可能有很多，包括设备驱动程序出错、连接问题等。
当用户在设备管理器中看到Realtek PCI FE Family Controller前面出现感叹号时，通常是一个警告标志，提示用户需要调整一些设置才能使控制器正常工作。
本文将探讨Realtek PCI FE Family Controller感叹号的常见原因及解决方法。
1. 设备驱动程序出错Realtek PCI FE Family Controller感叹号出现最常见的原因可能是驱动程序出错。
这通常会发生在更换操作系统、驱动更新或系统遭受病毒攻击后。
此时，用户可以尝试重新安装驱动程序来解决该问题。
具体来说，用户可以通过以下步骤进行驱动程序重新安装：① 首先在设备管理器中右键单击Realtek PCI FE Family Controller，并选择“属性”。
② 在弹出的对话框中选择“驱动程序”选项卡。
③ 然后选择“更新驱动程序”按钮，接下来根据具体情况选择“搜索计算机上的驱动程序”或“浏览计算机以查找驱动程序的位置”。
④ 最后按照提示进行安装即可。
2. 连接问题Realtek PCI FE Family Controller感叹号还可能是由于连接问题导致的。
这通常会发生在网络或电缆出现故障、漏气等情况下。
此时，用户可以采取以下步骤来解决：① 检查网络或电缆是否连接完好。
可以尝试重新插拔电缆或更换网络。
② 检查设备管理器中Realtek PCI FE Family Controller的属性设置是否正确。
可以尝试将IP地址、子网掩码、网关和DNS服务器等属性进行调整。
③ 如果上述方法无法解决问题，则可能需要检查硬件设备是否正常。
此时可以尝试更换网卡或将计算机送到维修站进行检修。
总结：Realtek PCI FE Family Controller感叹号出现的原因可能有多种，需要根据具体情况来进行解决。
usb大容量存储设备,小编告诉你弹出usb大容量储存设备时出问题
usb大容量存储设备,小编告诉你弹出usb大容量储存设备时出问题
导读:最近，有用户反馈自己将U盘设备接入电脑的USB接口时发现无法识别，通过开始菜单右键，点击设备管理器打开后发现一个黄色感叹号的【usb大容量存储设备】，这是怎么回事呢？下面，小编就跟大家分享弹出usb大容量储存设备时出问题的解决流程了。
最近有位反映，说自己在刚将U盘插入电脑的时候会弹出提示“控制器没有足够的带宽可利用为USB大容量存储设备”。
一脸茫然，那个U盘才刚买不久，难道就这么完了，非也，非也，下面，小编就来跟大家整理篇弹出usb大容量储存设备时出问题的解决教程了。
弹出usb大容量储存设备时出问题
按下“Win + R”组合键打开运行窗口，输入“regedit”并点击确定打开注册表
弹出usb系统软件图解1
在左侧依次展开“HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlCla ss{36FC9E60-C465-11C F-8056-444553540000}”，在右侧将“Lowerfilters”字符串值删除
usb系统软件图解2
进入“HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetcontrolset002”，按下“Ctrl+F”快捷键，查找“Lowerfilters”，搜索到后将其删除
弹出usb系统软件图解3
进入“HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetcontrolset003”，按下“Ctrl+F”快捷键，查找“Lowerfilters”，搜索到后将其删除。
usb系统软件图解4
以上就是弹出usb大容量储存设备时出问题的解决方法了。
MSI H410M PRO 主板用户手册说明书
1ContentsContentsSafety Information ...........................................................................................2Specifications ...................................................................................................3Rear I/O Panel .................................................................................................7LAN Port LED Status Table . (7)Overview of Components (8)CPU Socket .................................................................................................................9DIMM Slots................................................................................................................10M2_1~2: M.2 Slots ...................................................................................................10PCI_E1~2: PCIe Expansion Slots ..............................................................................11SATA1~4: SATA 6Gb/s Connectors ...........................................................................11JFP1, JFP2: Front Panel Connectors .......................................................................12JAUD1: Front Audio Connector ................................................................................12ATX_PWR1, CPU_PWR1: Power Connectors ...........................................................13JUSB1: USB 2.0 Connector ......................................................................................14JUSB2: USB 3.2 Gen 1 5Gbps Connector .................................................................14CPU_FAN1, SYS_FAN1: Fan Connectors .................................................................15JTPM1: TPM Module Connector ...............................................................................15JCI1: Chassis Intrusion Connector ...........................................................................16JCOM1: Serial Port Connector .................................................................................16JBAT1: Clear CMOS (Reset BIOS) Jumper ...............................................................17EZ Debug LED ...........................................................................................................17JRGB1: RGB LED connector (H410M PRO) ..............................................................18JRAINBOW1: Addressable RGB LED connector (H410M PRO) ...............................18UEFI BIOS . (19)BIOS Setup ................................................................................................................20Entering BIOS Setup .................................................................................................20Resetting BIOS ..........................................................................................................20Updating BIOS...........................................................................................................21Installing OS, Drivers & Utilities . (22)Installing Windows ® 10..............................................................................................22Installing Drivers ......................................................................................................22Installing Utilities .. (22)Thank you for purchasing the MSI ® H410M PRO/ H410M-A PRO/ H410M PRO-VH motherboard. This User Guide gives information about board layout, component overview, BIOS setup and software installation.Safety Information∙The components included in this package are prone to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Please adhere to the following instructions to ensure successful computer assembly.∙Ensure that all components are securely connected. Loose connections may cause the computer to not recognize a component or fail to start.∙Hold the motherboard by the edges to avoid touching sensitive components. ∙It is recommended to wear an electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap when handling the motherboard to prevent electrostatic damage. If an ESD wrist strap is not available, discharge yourself of static electricity by touching another metal object before handling the motherboard.∙Store the motherboard in an electrostatic shielding container or on an anti-static pad whenever the motherboard is not installed.∙Before turning on the computer, ensure that there are no loose screws or metal components on the motherboard or anywhere within the computer case.∙Do not boot the computer before installation is completed. This could cause permanent damage to the components as well as injury to the user.∙If you need help during any installation step, please consult a certified computer technician.∙Always turn off the power supply and unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing or removing any computer component.∙Keep this user guide for future reference.∙Keep this motherboard away from humidity.∙Make sure that your electrical outlet provides the same voltage as is indicated on the PSU, before connecting the PSU to the electrical outlet.∙Place the power cord such a way that people can not step on it. Do not place anything over the power cord.∙All cautions and warnings on the motherboard should be noted.∙If any of the following situations arises, get the motherboard checked by service personnel:▪Liquid has penetrated into the computer.▪The motherboard has been exposed to moisture.▪The motherboard does not work well or you can not get it work according touser guide.▪The motherboard has been dropped and damaged.▪The motherboard has obvious sign of breakage.∙Do not leave this motherboard in an environment above 60°C (140°F), it may damage the motherboard.2Safety Information3Specifications4Specifications5SpecificationsPlease refer to http:///manual/mb/DRAGONCENTER2.pdf formore details.6SpecificationsH410M-A PRO)Audio 7.1-channel ConfigurationTo configure 7.1-channel audio, you have to connect front audio I/O module to JAUD1 connector and follow the below steps.1. Click on the Realtek HD Audio Manager > Advanced Settings to open the dialog below.2. Select Mute the rear output device, when a front headphone plugged in.3. Plug your speakers to audio jacks on rear and front I/O panel. When you plug intoa device at an audio jack, a dialogue window will pop up asking you which device is current connected.7Rear I/O PanelOverview of Components* Distance from the center of the CPU to the nearest DIMM slot. 8Overview of Components9Overview of ComponentsImportant∙Always unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing or removing the CPU.∙Please retain the CPU protective cap after installing the processor. MSI will deal with Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) requests if only the motherboard comes with the protective cap on the CPU socket.∙When installing a CPU, always remember to install a CPU heatsink. A CPU heatsink is necessary to prevent overheating and maintain system stability.∙Confirm that the CPU heatsink has formed a tight seal with the CPU before booting your system.∙Overheating can seriously damage the CPU and motherboard. Always make sure the cooling fans work properly to protect the CPU from overheating. Be sure to apply an even layer of thermal paste (or thermal tape) between the CPU and the heatsink to enhance heat dissipation.∙Whenever the CPU is not installed, always protect the CPU socket pins by covering the socket with the plastic cap.∙If you purchased a separate CPU and heatsink/ cooler, Please refer to the docu-mentation in the heatsink/ cooler package for more details about installation.10Overview of ComponentsImportant∙Always insert memory modules in the DIMMA1 slot first.∙To ensure system stability for Dual channel mode, memory modules must be of the same type, number and density.∙Some memory modules may operate at a lower frequency than the marked value when overclocking due to the memory frequency operates dependent on its Serial Presence Detect (SPD). Go to BIOS and find the DRAM Frequency to set the memory frequency if you want to operate the memory at the marked or at a higher frequency. ∙It is recommended to use a more efficient memory cooling system for full DIMMs installation or overclocking.∙The stability and compatibility of installed memory module depend on installed CPU and devices when overclocking.∙Please refer for more information on compatible memory.M2_1~2: M.2 SlotsPlease install the M.2 device into the M.2 slot as shown below.13StandoffSupplied11Overview of Componentsunplug the power supply power cable from the power outlet. Read the expansion card’s documentation to check for any necessary additional hardware or software changes.∙If you install a large and heavy graphics card, you need to use a tool such as MSI Gaming Series Graphics Card Bolster to support its weight to prevent deformationof the slot.SATA1~4: SATA 6Gb/s ConnectorsThese connectors are SATA 6Gb/s interface ports. Each connector can connect to one SATA device.⚠Important∙Please do not fold the SATA cable at a 90-degree angle. Data loss may result during transmission otherwise.∙SATA cables have identical plugs on either sides of the cable. However, it is recommended that the flat connector be connected to the motherboard for space saving purposes.∙SATA4 will be unavailable when installing M.2 SATA SSD in the M.2 slot.JFP1, JFP2: Front Panel ConnectorsJAUD1: Front Audio Connector12Overview of ComponentsATX_PWR1, CPU_PWR1: Power ConnectorsImportantMake sure that all the power cables are securely connected to a proper ATX power supply to ensure stable operation of the motherboard.13Overview of Components14Overview of ComponentsJUSB2: USB 3.2 Gen 1 5Gbps ConnectorImportantNote that the Power and Ground pins must be connected correctly to avoid possible damage.JUSB1: USB 2.0 ConnectorImportant∙Note that the VCC and Ground pins must be connected correctly to avoid possible damage.∙In order to recharge your iPad,iPhone and iPod through USB ports, please install MSI® DRAGON CENTER utility.15Overview of ComponentsImportantYou can adjust fan speed in BIOS > Hardware Monitor.CPU_FAN1, SYS_FAN1: Fan ConnectorsPWM Mode fan connectors provide constant 12V output and adjust fan speed with speed control signal. When you plug a 3-pin (Non-PWM) fan to a fan connector in PWM mode, the fan speed will always maintain at 100%, which might create a lot ofnoise.JTPM1: TPM Module ConnectorThis connector is for TPM (Trusted Platform Module). Please refer to the TPMJCI1: Chassis Intrusion Connector(default)intrusion event Using chassis intrusion detector1. Connect the JCI1 connector to the chassis intrusion switch/ sensor on thechassis.2. Close the chassis cover.3. Go to BIOS > SETTINGS > Security > Chassis Intrusion Configuration.4. Set Chassis Intrusion to Enabled.5. Press F10 to save and exit and then press the Enter key to select Yes.6. Once the chassis cover is opened again, a warning message will be displayed onscreen when the computer is turned on.Resetting the chassis intrusion warning1. Go to BIOS > SETTINGS > Security > Chassis Intrusion Configuration.2. Set Chassis Intrusion to Reset.3. Press F10 to save and exit and then press the Enter key to select Yes. JCOM1: Serial Port Connector16Overview of ComponentsJBAT1: Clear CMOS (Reset BIOS) JumperThere is CMOS memory onboard that is external powered from a battery located on the motherboard to save system configuration data. If you want to clear the system(default)BIOSResetting BIOS to default values1. Power off the computer and unplug the power cord.2. Use a jumper cap to short JBAT1 for about 5-10 seconds.3. Remove the jumper cap from JBAT1.4. Plug the power cord and power on the computer.EZ Debug LEDThese LEDs indicate the status of the motherboard.CPU - indicates CPU is not detected or fail.DRAM - indicates DRAM is not detected or fail.VGA - indicates GPU is not detected or fail.BOOT - indicates booting device is not detected or fail.17Overview of ComponentsJRGB1: RGB LED connector (H410M PRO)Important∙The JRGB connector supports up to 2 meters continuous 5050 RGB LED strips (12V/G/R/B) with the maximum power rating of 3A (12V).∙Always turn off the power supply and unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing or removing the RGB LED strip.∙Please use MSI’s software to control the extended LED strip. JRAINBOW1: Addressable RGB LED connector (H410M PRO)The JRAINBOW connector allows you to connect the WS2812B Individually Addressable RGB LED strips 5V.CAUTIONDo not connect the wrong type of LED strips. The JRGB connector and the JRAINBOW connector provide different voltages, and connecting the 5V LED strip to the JRGB connector will result in damage to the LED strip.⚠Important∙The JRAINBOW connector supports up to 75 LEDs WS2812B Individually Address-able RGB LED strips (5V/Data/Ground) with the maximum power rating of 3A (5V). In the case of 20% brightness, the connector supports up to 200 LEDs.∙Always turn off the power supply and unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing or removing the RGB LED strip.∙Please use MSI’s software to control the extended LED strip.18Overview of ComponentsUEFI BIOSMSI UEFI BIOS is compatible with UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) architecture. UEFI has many new functions and advantages that traditional BIOS cannot achieve, and it will completely replace BIOS in the future. The MSI UEFI BIOS uses UEFI as the default boot mode to take full advantage of the new chipset’s capabilities. However, it still has a CSM (Compatibility Support Module) mode to be compatible with older devices. That allows you to replace legacy devices with UEFI compatible devices during the transition.⚠ImportantThe term BIOS in this user guide refers to UEFI BIOS unless otherwise noted. UEFI advantages∙Fast booting - UEFI can directly boot the operating system and save the BIOS self-test process. And also eliminates the time to switch to CSM mode during POST.∙Supports for hard drive partitions larger than 2 TB.∙Supports more than 4 primary partitions with a GUID Partition Table (GPT).∙Supports unlimited number of partitions.∙Supports full capabilities of new devices - new devices may not provide backward compatibility.∙Supports secure startup - UEFI can check the validity of the operating system to ensure that no malware tampers with the startup process.Incompatible UEFI cases∙32-bit Windows operating system - this motherboard supports only 64-bit Windows 10 operating system.∙Older graphics card - the system will detect your graphics card. When display a warning message There is no GOP (Graphics Output protocol) support detected in this graphics card.⚠ImportantWe recommend that you to use a GOP/ UEFI compatible graphics card.How to check the BIOS mode?19UEFI BIOSBIOS SetupThe default settings offer the optimal performance for system stability in normal conditions. You should always keep the default settings to avoid possible system damage or failure booting unless you are familiar with BIOS.⚠Important∙BIOS items are continuous update for better system performance. Therefore, the description may be slightly different from the latest BIOS and should be held for reference only. You could also refer to the HELP information panel for BIOS item description.∙The BIOS items will vary with the processor. Entering BIOS SetupPress Delete key, when the Press DEL key to enter Setup Menu, F11 to enter Boot Menu message appears on the screen during the boot process.Function keyF1: General HelpF2: Add/ Remove a favorite itemF3: Enter Favorites menuF4: Enter CPU Specifications menuF5: Enter Memory-Z menuF6: Load optimized defaultsF7: Switch between Advanced mode and EZ modeF8: Load Overclocking ProfileF9: Save Overclocking ProfileF10: Save Change and Reset*F12: Take a screenshot and save it to USB flash drive (FAT/ FAT32 format only). Ctrl+F: Enter Search page* When you press F10, a confirmation window appears and it provides the modification information. Select between Yes or No to confirm your choice. Resetting BIOSYou might need to restore the default BIOS setting to solve certain problems. There are several ways to reset BIOS:∙Go to BIOS and press F6 to load optimized defaults.∙Short the Clear CMOS jumper on the motherboard.⚠ImportantPlease refer to the Clear CMOS jumper section for resetting BIOS.20UEFI BIOSUpdating BIOSUpdating BIOS with M-FLASHBefore updating:Please download the latest BIOS file that matches your motherboard model from MSI website. And then save the BIOS file into the USB flash drive.Updating BIOS:1. Insert the USB flash drive that contains the update file into the USB port.2. Please refer the following methods to enter flash mode.▪Reboot and press Ctrl + F5 key during POST and click on Yes to reboot the system.▪Reboot and press Del key during POST to enter BIOS. Click the M-FLASH button and click on Yes to reboot the system.3. Select a BIOS file to perform the BIOS update process.4. When prompted click on Yes to start recovering BIOS.5. After the flashing process is 100% completed, the system will reboot automatically.Updating the BIOS with Dragon CenterBefore updating:Make sure the LAN driver is already installed and the internet connection is set properly.Updating BIOS:1. Install and launch MSI DRAGON CENTER and go to Support page.2. Select Live Update and click on Advance button.3. Click on Scan button to search the latest BIOS file.4. Select the BIOS file and click on Download icon to download and install the latest BIOS file.5. Click Next and choose In Windows mode. And then click Next and Start to start updating BIOS.6. After the flashing process is 100% completed, the system will restart automatically.21UEFI BIOSInstalling OS, Drivers & UtilitiesPlease download and update the latest utilities and drivers at Installing Windows® 101. Power on the computer.2. Insert the Windows® 10 installation disc/USB into your computer.3. Press the Restart button on the computer case.4. Press F11 key during the computer POST (Power-On Self Test) to get into BootMenu.5. Select the Windows® 10 installation disc/USB from the Boot Menu.6. Press any key when screen shows Press any key to boot from CD or DVD...message.7. Follow the instructions on the screen to install Windows® 10. Installing Drivers1. Start up your computer in Windows® 10.2. Insert MSI® Driver Disc into your optical drive.3. Click the Select to choose what happens with this disc pop-up notification,then select Run DVDSetup.exe to open the installer. If you turn off the AutoPlayfeature from the Windows Control Panel, you can still manually execute theDVDSetup.exe from the root path of the MSI Driver Disc.4. The installer will find and list all necessary drivers in the Drivers/Software tab.5. Click the Install button in the lower-right corner of the window.6. The drivers installation will then be in progress, after it has finished it will promptyou to restart.7. Click OK button to finish.8. Restart your computer.Installing UtilitiesBefore you install utilities, you must complete drivers installation.1. Open the installer as described above.2. Click the Utilities tab.3. Select the utilities you want to install.4. Click the Install button in the lower-right corner of the window.5. The utilities installation will then be in progress, after it has finished it willprompt you to restart.6. Click OK button to finish.7. Restart your computer.22Installing OS, Drivers & Utilities。
电脑无法识别USB设备尝试这些解决方法
电脑无法识别USB设备尝试这些解决方法USB（通用串行总线）作为一种常见的外设接口，被广泛应用于个人电脑和其他设备中。
然而，在使用USB设备时，我们有时会遇到电脑无法识别USB设备的问题。
这种问题可能会给我们的工作和娱乐带来不便。
本文将介绍一些常见的解决方法，帮助读者解决电脑无法识别USB设备的困扰。
一、检查物理连接首先，我们应该确保USB设备与电脑之间的物理连接是正常的。
我们可以按照以下步骤进行检查：1. 检查USB端口：确保USB设备正确插入电脑的USB端口中。
有时候，由于不正确插入或者松动，USB设备可能无法被识别。
2. 更换USB端口：尝试将USB设备连接到其他可用的USB端口上。
有时候，某个USB端口可能存在问题，更换端口可以解决设备无法被识别的问题。
3. 检查USB线缆：检查USB线缆是否完好无损。
如果线缆断裂或者损坏，也可能导致设备无法被识别。
可以试着使用另一根USB线缆进行连接。
二、检查设备管理器如果USB设备的物理连接没有问题，我们可以进一步检查设备管理器，找出可能导致设备无法被识别的问题。
1. 打开设备管理器：在Windows操作系统中，我们可以按下Win+X快捷键，然后选择“设备管理器”来打开设备管理器。
2. 检查USB控制器：在设备管理器中，找到“通用串行总线控制器”选项，并展开其内容。
如果存在带有黄色叹号或问号的条目，说明USB控制器有问题。
右键点击问题设备，选择“更新驱动程序”来尝试解决问题。
3. 禁用并重新启用USB控制器：有时候，禁用并重新启用USB控制器也能解决设备无法识别的问题。
我们可以右键点击USB控制器，选择“禁用设备”，然后再右键点击，选择“启用设备”来尝试解决问题。
三、检查电源管理设置电源管理设置中的某些选项可能导致USB设备无法被正常识别。
我们可以进行以下检查和操作：1. 关闭USB选择性暂停：点击电源管理设置，找到“更改计算机睡眠时间和电源按钮”选项。
USB2.0和USB3.0判别方法
目录1 背景 (2)2 判别方法 (2)3 测试验证 (4)PfoOCOhK1背景WWAN模块支持USB3.0，但实际上走的是2.0还是3.0的协议呢，不管是从物理结构还是设备管理器树结构上看，都没有办法确认。
比如，一个USB2.0，插入到USB3.0的接口EiBI -I !^l- hj J P W Jta -W t ¥ 4 J * —JQH J』PCI bus■ High Definition Audio ControllerIntel(R) 7 Series Chipset Family SATA AHCI Controller■ Intel(R) 7 Series/C216 匚hipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 -1E10 丄Intel(R) 7 Series/CZIG C hipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2- 1E12 '■ Intel(R) 7 Series.■<216 ChipEEt Family PCI Express RootPort4 - 1E16耳 Intel(R) 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller -1E2D 旺Intel(R) 1 Series/CZL6 匚hip^et Family USB Enhanced Host Controller - 1E26\ Intel(R) HD Graphics 4000Intel(R) HM77 Express Chipset LPC Controller - 1E57■ InteliR) Management Engine Interface 血班R) USB 3 eXtmsibL Host Gntroller「■ Mt 曲同U5B 加Root Hub 」j . U5E 胡&雅Storng亡Devitt_________U5B10目录厂厶磊nDim丘「血曰正丘局[]USB2.0的设珞会挂载在USB3.0下，跟插入的结果直接相关。
Intel Z590 系列 BIOS 用户指南说明书
Memory Configuration（高级内存设置） ................................................................ - Over Voltage Configuration（高级电压设置） ......................................................... - ADVANCED（高级模式）................................................................................. - Advance（高级） ..................................................................................................... - -
进入 BIOS ...................................................................................................................- BIOS 设置程序主界面..................................................................................................- BIOS 控制方式 ............................................................................................................- BIOS 功能键................................................................................................................ - BIOS 语言设置 ............................................................................................................- 启动项设置......................................................................................................- XMP 设置........................................................................................................ - -
联想v480详细配置介绍
--------[ 概览]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------电脑型号联想20143 笔记本电脑操作系统Windows 8 64位( DirectX 11 )处理器英特尔第三代酷睿i5-3230M @ 2.60GHz 双核主板联想20143 (英特尔Ivy Bridge - HM77 Express 芯片组)内存 4 GB ( 海力士DDR3 1600MHz )主硬盘西数WDC WD10JPVT-08A1YT2 ( 1 TB / 5400 转/分)显卡NVIDIA GeForce GT 745M ( 2 GB / 联想)显示器LG LGD033F ( 14 英寸)光驱飞利浦-建兴DVD-RW DS8A9SH DVD刻录机声卡瑞昱ALC269 @ 英特尔Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller网卡瑞昱RTL8168F PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC / 联想--------[ 主板]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------主板型号联想20143芯片组英特尔Ivy Bridge - HM77 Express 芯片组BIOS H1ET73WW(1.16)制造日期04/10/2013--------[ 处理器]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------处理器英特尔第三代酷睿i5-3230M @ 2.60GHz 双核速度 2.60 GHz (100 MHz x 26.0)处理器数量核心数: 2 / 线程数: 4核心代号Ivy Bridge生产工艺22 纳米插槽/插座Socket H2 (LGA 1155)一级数据缓存 2 x 32 KB, 8-Way, 64 byte lines一级代码缓存 2 x 32 KB, 8-Way, 64 byte lines二级缓存 2 x 256 KB, 8-Way, 64 byte lines三级缓存 3 MB, 12-Way, 64 byte lines特征MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, HTT, EM64T, EIST, Turbo Boost--------[ 硬盘]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品西数WDC WD10JPVT-08A1YT2大小 1 TB转速5400 转/分缓存8 MB固件01.01A01接口SA TA II数据传输率300 MB/秒特征S.M.A.R.T, APM, 48-bit LBA, NCQ--------[ 内存]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------DIMM 2: 海力士DDR3 1600MHz 4GB型号AD HMT451S6AFR8C-PB N0序列号: D032350C模块位宽: 64 Bits模块电压: SSTL 1.5V--------[ 显卡]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------显卡英特尔Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller显存1775 MB制造商联想主显卡NVIDIA GeForce GT 745M显存 2 GB--------[ 显示器]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品LG LGD033F屏幕尺寸14 英寸(31 厘米x 17 厘米)显示比例宽屏16 : 9分辨率1366 x 768 32 位真彩色最大分辨率1366 x 768Gamma 2.20电源管理Standby, Suspend, Active-Off--------[ 光驱]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品飞利浦-建兴DVD-RW DS8A9SH DVD刻录机缓存/固件: 768 KB / EL3A--------[ 声卡]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------声卡瑞昱ALC269 @ 英特尔Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller--------[ 网卡]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------网卡瑞昱RTL8168F PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC制造商联想无线网卡英特尔Centrino Wireless-N 2230 BGN--------[ 电池]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品三洋45N1043 - 29085 锂电池完全充电容量47930 mWh出厂设计容量47520 mWhID 29085SANYO45N1043--------[ PCI设备]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------设备Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller设备ID 0154h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Bridge / PCI to HOST子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Ivy Bridge PCI Express Root Port设备ID 0151h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Bridge / PCI to PCI设备Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller设备ID 0166h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Display / VGA子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500317AAh设备Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller设备ID 1E31h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Serial / USB (UHCI)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Panther Point MEI Controller #1设备ID 1E3Ah制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Simple Communication / Other子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 设备ID 1E2Dh制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Serial / USB 2.0 (EHCI)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller 设备ID 1E20h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Multimedia / Hi-definition Audio子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1设备ID 1E10h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Bridge / PCI to PCI设备Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2设备ID 1E12h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Bridge / PCI to PCI设备Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4设备ID 1E16h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Bridge / PCI to PCI设备Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1设备ID 1E26h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Serial / USB 2.0 (EHCI)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备HM77 Express Chipset LPC Controller设备ID 1E57h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Bridge / PCI to ISA子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller设备ID 1E03h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Storage / Serial ATA (AHCI 1.0)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Panther Point SMBus Controller设备ID 1E22h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Serial / SMBus Controller子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh设备Centrino Wireless-N 2230 BGN设备ID 0888h制造商Intel制造商ID 8086h类别Network / Other子系统制造商Intel子系统ID 42628086h Centrino Wireless-N 2230 BGN设备RTL8168F PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC设备ID 8168h制造商Realtek制造商ID 10ECh类别Network / Ethernet子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 500217AAh--------[ USB设备]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------描述未识别制造商ID 1C4F产品ID 0034类别0 / 0 / 0设备版本USB 1.1描述未识别制造商ID 147E产品ID 1002类别0 / 0 / 0设备UPEK TouchStrip Fingerprint SensorSerial ?版本USB 1.0描述未识别制造商ID 8087产品ID 07DA类别224 / 1 / 1设备? ?Serial ?版本USB 2.0描述未识别制造商ID 5986产品ID 0295类别239 / 2 / 1设备版本USB 2.0描述Alcor Micro Corp. Multi Flash Reader制造商ID 058F产品ID 6366类别0 / 0 / 0设备Generic Flash Card Reader/WriterSerial 058F63666435版本USB 2.0--------[ 其他]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------键盘PS/2 标准键盘鼠标联想指点杆鼠标HID-compliant 鼠标摄像头Integrated Camera--------[ 传感器]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CPU温度: 56 ℃显卡温度: 37 ℃主硬盘温度: 39 ℃。
USB键盘不能用,设备管理器中显示：HID keyboard device 有惊叹号
定位到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
添加字符串UpperFilters项，内容是kbdclass卸载设备，重新启动。
实际应用了一下，果然好用，问题终于解决！
其实出现类ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้的情况，不仅仅是键盘，其他外设出现的几率也有，
比如光驱，不过解决方法和这个大致一样。
Class\{4D36E96B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}这里面的{4D36E96B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}这个表示是键盘，注册表里也有详细描述，Class下有很多这样的字符，打开一看就明白表示什么 。
(键盘)代码 19：由于其配置信息（注册表中的）不完整或已损坏，Windows 无法启动这个硬件设备。
解决方法 收藏 VMware没卸载就让我直接删除掉了。在删除VMware一些残留的服务后，结果重新启动系统后，键盘不能用了，一敲键盘后，鼠标也不动了，造成系统假死状态。
如果不动键盘，鼠标仍然可以使用，关掉系统，重新插上键盘，开机故障依然，热插拔也无济于事，系统在启动，直到进入系统，都没有硬件错误提示，百思不得其解。
开始以为是键盘坏掉了，我的是双系统，另个系统是linux，进入linux，键盘可以使用，证明键盘是没有问题的。
无奈只能用鼠标查找故障。打开设备管理器看到键盘那项里是一个惊叹号！查看详细信息：设备管理器显示：代码 19：由于其配置信息（注册表中的）不完整或已损坏，Windows 无法启动这个硬件设备删除这个设备，在扫描硬件更新，找到后依然是这个提示：代码 19：由于其配置信息（注册表中的）不完整或已损坏，Windows 无法启动这个硬件设备，真是郁闷了。
一份完整的鲁大师详细报表解析
子系统ID 50061458h
设备 Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller
设备ID 1E20h
制造商 Intel
DIMM 0: 威刚 DDR3 1333MHz 4GB
制造日期 2012 年 08 月
型号 7F7F7F7FCB
模块位宽: 64 Bits
模块电压: SSTL 1.5V
--------[ 显卡 ]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
制造商 Intel
制造商ID 8086h
类别 Simple Communication / Other
子系统制造商 Gigabyte
子系统ID 1C3A1458h
设备 Panther Point KT Controller
设备 Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller
设备ID 0150h
制造商 Intel
制造商ID 8086h
类别 Bridge / PCI to HOST
--------[ 显示器 ]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
产品 LG GSM586E E2251
制造日期 2012 年 03 月
转速 7200 转/分
缓存 64 MB
硬盘已使用 共 63 次，累计 71 小时
固件 CC4B
华硕 K45VM 笔记本电脑
--------[ 显卡 ]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
显卡 英特尔 Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller
内存 4 GB ( 三星 DDR3 1600MHz )
主硬盘 三星 SSD 830 Series ( 128 GB / 固态硬盘 )
显卡 Nvidia GeForce GT 630M ( 2047 MB / 华硕 )
网卡 瑞昱 RTL8168F PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC / 华硕
--------[ 主板 ]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
显存 1799 MB
制造商 华硕
BIOS版本 Intel Video BIOS
BIOS日期 01/16/20
驱动版本 8.15.10.2761
驱动日期 5-21-2012
DIMM 2: 三星 DDR3 1600MHz 4GB
制造日期 2012 年 04 月
型号 CE M471B5273CH0-CK0
序列号: 0B3B9D00
模块位宽: 64 Bits
--------[ 光驱 ]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
产品 日立-LG DVDRAM GT70N DVD刻录机
电脑硬件分析
【详细信息：】-------[ 主板]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------主板型号联想31900060Std芯片组英特尔Ivy Bridge - HM76 Express 芯片组序列号LB01419786主板版本31900060StdBIOS 联想78CN24WW(V2.02) / 制造日期: 2013年09月23日BIOS的大小4608 KB--------[ 处理器]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------处理器英特尔第三代酷睿i5-3230M @ 2.60GHz 双核步进E1速度 2.60 GHz (100 MHz x 26.0)处理器数量核心数: 2 / 线程数: 4核心代号Ivy Bridge生产工艺22 纳米插槽/插座Socket H2 (LGA 1155)一级数据缓存 2 x 32 KB, 8-Way, 64 byte lines一级代码缓存 2 x 32 KB, 8-Way, 64 byte lines二级缓存 2 x 256 KB, 8-Way, 64 byte lines三级缓存 3 MB, 12-Way, 64 byte lines特征MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, HTT, EM64T, EIST, Turbo Boost --------[ 硬盘]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品希捷ST500LT012-9WS142大小500 GB转速5400 转/分缓存16 MB硬盘已使用共953 次，累计1515 小时固件0001LVM1接口SATA II数据传输率300 MB/秒特征S.M.A.R.T, APM, 48-bit LBA, NCQ--------[ 内存]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------DIMM1 海力士DDR3L 1600MHz 4GB制造日期2013 年11月型号AD HMT351S6EFR8A-PB序列号00A09E61厂商Hynix模块位宽: 64 Bits模块电压: SSTL 1.35V--------[ 显卡]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------主显卡英特尔HD Graphics 4000显存 2 GB制造商联想制造商Intel驱动版本10.18.10.4276驱动日期2015年08月17日显卡ATI Radeon HD 8570M显存 2 GB制造商联想制造商ATI驱动版本15.201.1151.0驱动日期2015年08月21日--------[ 显示器]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品LG LGD033C厂商LG固件日期2011 年屏幕尺寸14 英寸(31 厘米x 17 厘米)显示比例宽屏16 : 9分辨率1366 x 768 32 位真彩色Gamma 2.20最大分辨率1366 x 768--------[ 其他设备]------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品松下DVD-RAM UJ8E1 DVD刻录机缓存/固件: 768 KB /8.71(2000-00-00)网卡鈺硕QCA8172 Fast Ethernet制造商联想无线网卡博通BCM43142 802.11b/g/n制造商联想声卡Conexant SmartAudio HD @ 英特尔Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller 键盘PS/2 标准键盘鼠标HID-compliant 鼠标鼠标联想指点杆摄像头联想EasyCamera--------[ PCI设备]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------设备Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller设备ID 0154制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Bridge / PCI to HOST子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Ivy Bridge PCI Express Root Port设备ID 0151制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Bridge / PCI to PCI设备HD Graphics 4000设备ID 0166制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Display / VGA子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 380017AA设备Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller设备ID 1E31制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Serial / USB (UHCI)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Panther Point MEI Controller #1设备ID 1E3A制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Simple Communication / Other子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 设备ID 1E2D制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Serial / USB 2.0 (EHCI)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller 设备ID 1E20制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Multimedia / Hi-definition Audio子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1设备ID 1E10制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Bridge / PCI to PCI设备Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2设备ID 1E12制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Bridge / PCI to PCI设备Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 设备ID 1E26制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Serial / USB 2.0 (EHCI)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备HM76 Express Chipset LPC Controller设备ID 1E59制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Bridge / PCI to ISA子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller设备ID 1E03制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Storage / Serial ATA (AHCI 1.0)子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Panther Point SMBus Controller设备ID 1E22制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Serial / SMBus Controller子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Panther Point Thermal Management Controller设备ID 1E24制造商Intel制造商ID 8086类别Data Aquisition& Signal Processing / Other子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 397717AA设备Radeon HD 8570M (SUN PRO)设备ID 6663制造商ATI制造商ID 1002类别Display / Other子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 380017AA设备QCA8172 Fast Ethernet设备ID 10A0制造商Attansic制造商ID 1969类别Network / Ethernet子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 380217AA设备BCM43142 802.11b/g/n设备ID 4365制造商Broadcom制造商ID 14E4类别Network / Other子系统制造商Lenovo子系统ID 061117AA--------[ USB设备]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------制造商ID 105B产品ID E065类别255 / 1 / 1设备版本USB 2.0制造商ID 1C4F产品ID 0034类别0 / 0 / 0设备SIGMACHIP Usb MouseSerial ?版本USB 1.1制造商ID 0BDA产品ID 0129类别255 / 255 / 255设备Generic USB2.0-CRWSerial 20100201396000000版本USB 2.0制造商ID 174F产品ID 148D类别239 / 2 / 1设备版本USB 2.0--------[ 电源设备]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------产品联想PABAS0241231 - 41167 锂电池电池损耗 6.27%出厂设计容量42770 mWh完全充电容量40090 mWhID 41167LENOVO PABAS0241231Cmos设置一、进入CMOS设置界面开启计算机或重新启动计算机后，在屏幕显示“Waiting……”时，按下“Del”键就可以进入CMOS的设置界面。
realtek pcie fe family controller感叹号
Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller感叹号一、什么是Realtek PCIe FE Family ControllerRealtek PCIe FE Family Controller是一款常见的网卡控制器，用于连接计算机与网络之间的通信。
它是由Realtek半导体公司开发的，具有快速以太网（Fast Ethernet）功能。
二、Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller的特点Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller具有以下特点：1.高速连接：Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller支持快速以太网标准，能够提供高达100Mbps的传输速率，使得计算机可以快速连接网络并实现高速的数据传输。
2.低成本：由于Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller采用了成熟的半导体技术和工艺，使得其生产成本较低，因此价格相对较为亲民，适合广大用户使用。
3.稳定可靠：Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller经过多年的技术积累和市场验证，具有稳定可靠的性能。
它能够提供可靠的网络连接，确保数据传输的稳定性和安全性。
4.易于安装使用：Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller具有用户友好的接口和配置工具，使用起来非常方便。
用户只需将网线插入计算机的网卡接口，即可快速连接到网络，并进行相应的设置。
三、Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller的安装与配置使用Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller时，需要进行以下安装与配置步骤：1.安装网卡驱动程序：首先，需要从Realtek官方网站上下载并安装适用于您的操作系统的网卡驱动程序。
驱动程序是使网卡与操作系统正常通信的关键。
安装过程一般较简单，按照驱动程序安装向导的指示进行即可。
OpenWrt中对USB文件系统的操作,以及读写性能测试
OpenWrt中对USB⽂件系统的操作,以及读写性能测试1. 查看usb存储在启动⽇志中的信息# dmesg[ 5.720000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs[ 5.730000] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub[ 5.740000] usbcore: registered new device driver usb[ 5.740000] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver[ 5.750000] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver[ 5.760000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: EHCI Host Controller[ 5.760000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1[ 5.770000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: irq 3, io mem 0x1b000000[ 5.800000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00[ 5.800000] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found[ 5.810000] hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected[ 5.810000] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver[ 5.820000] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver[ 5.820000] ohci-platform ohci-platform: Generic Platform OHCI controller[ 5.830000] ohci-platform ohci-platform: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2[ 5.840000] ohci-platform ohci-platform: irq 14, io mem 0x1c000000[ 5.910000] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found[ 5.910000] hub 2-0:1.0: 2 ports detected[ 6.140000] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-platform[ 6.720000] init: - preinit -[ 7.250000] ar71xx: pll_reg 0xb8050010: 0x11110000[ 7.250000] eth0: link up (1000Mbps/Full duplex)[ 7.270000] random: procd urandom read with 11 bits of entropy available[ 10.540000] jffs2: notice: (383) jffs2_build_xattr_subsystem: complete building xattr subsystem, 0 of xdatum (0 unchecked, 0 orphan) and 0 of xref (0 dead, 0 orphan) found. [ 10.570000] mount_root: loading kmods from internal overlay[ 11.460000] SCSI subsystem initialized[ 11.460000] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver[ 11.470000] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected[ 11.480000] scsi host0: usb-storage 1-1:1.0[ 11.490000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage[ 11.740000] block: attempting to load /tmp/jffs_cfg/upper/etc/config/fstab[ 11.760000] block: extroot: not configured[ 11.760000] mount_root: switching to jffs2 overlay[ 11.800000] eth0: link down[ 11.820000] procd: - early -[ 11.820000] procd: - watchdog -[ 12.490000] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access Generic- SD/MMC 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS[ 12.560000] procd: - ubus -[ 13.170000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 30220288512-byte logical blocks: (15.4 GB/14.4 GiB)[ 13.200000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off[ 13.200000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 03000000[ 13.200000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] No Caching mode page found[ 13.210000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through[ 13.240000] sda: sda1[ 13.250000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk2. ⽤fdisk对usb storage进⾏分区root@WNDR3800:~# fdisk /dev/sdaWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command.# 查看磁盘信息Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sda: 14.4 GiB, 15472787456 bytes, 30220288 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: dosDisk identifier: 0x00000000Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type/dev/sda1 8192302202873021209614.4G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT# 删除分区Command (m for help): dSelected partition 1Partition 1 has been deleted.# 创建新分区, 直接回车, 回车Command (m for help): nPartition typep primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4free)e extended (container for logical partitions)Select (default p): pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1First sector (2048-30220287, default 2048):Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-30220287, default 30220287):Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.4 GiB.# 保存Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered.Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busyThe kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8). # 重启root@WNDR3800:~# reboot3. 使⽤ext4格式化# 查看命令参数root@WNDR3800:~# mkfs.ext4Usage: mkfs.ext4 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size][-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options][-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes][-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os][-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory][-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]][-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-jnqvDFKSV] device [blocks-count]# 格式化root@WNDR3800:~# mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -L Ext4U01 /dev/sda1mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)Creating filesystem with 3777280 4k blocks and 944704 inodesFilesystem UUID: 355a69cf-7a07-4752-a97d-f81a6956c786Superblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208Allocating group tables: doneWriting inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 2/116done# 完成# 如果要设置为swap分区mkswap /dev/sda1Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 523235840 bytes4. 重启后(让其⾃动mount), 查看⽂件系统, 如果df没有-T参数, 可以直接⽤mount命令查看格式root@WNDR3800:~# df -h -TFilesystem Type Size Used Available Use% Mounted onrootfs rootfs 12.1M 3.5M8.6M29% //dev/root squashfs 2.3M 2.3M0100% /romtmpfs tmpfs 61.5M264.0K 61.3M0% /tmp/dev/mtdblock5 jffs2 12.1M 3.5M8.6M29% /overlayoverlayfs:/overlay overlay 12.1M 3.5M8.6M29% /tmpfs tmpfs 512.0K 0512.0K 0% /dev/dev/sda1 ext4 14.1G 36.0M13.3G 0% /mnt/sda1[root@TIMEPLUG_CF37:/root]#mountrootfs on / type rootfs (rw)/dev/root on /rom type squashfs (ro,relatime)proc on /proc type proc (rw,noatime)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noatime)tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime)/dev/mtdblock7 on /overlay type jffs2 (rw,noatime)overlayfs:/overlay on / type overlayfs (rw,noatime,lowerdir=/,upperdir=/overlay)tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=512k,mode=755)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=600)/dev/sda1 on /mnt/sda1 type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)/dev/mtdblock6 on /mnt/mtdblock6 type squashfs (ro,relatime)5. 性能测试. 需要hdparm, 如果没有的话, 通过opkg install hdparm安装root@WNDR3800:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda/dev/sda:Timing cached reads: 256 MB in2.01 seconds = 127.67 MB/secTiming buffered disk reads: 44 MB in3.09 seconds = 14.24 MB/sec以及ddroot@WNDR3800:/mnt/sda1# time dd count=128 bs=1M if=/dev/zero of=test.test128+0 records in128+0 records outreal 0m 28.65suser 0m 0.00ssys 0m 0.74s计算⼤致的写⼊为 128/28.64=4.47MB/sUpdate 2017-10-08: 使⽤unitek(优越者)某款2.5⼨usb3.0硬盘盒挂载时出现错误导致被挂载为只读, 具体错误为Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 19.904000] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounting ext3 file system using the ext4 subsystemThu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 19.968000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Invalid command failureThu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 19.972000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 19.976000] Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 19.980000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 19.984000] Sense Key : 0x5 [current]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 19.988000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 19.992000] ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 19.992000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB:Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 19.996000] cdb[0]=0x2a: 2a 080000384800000800Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.err kernel: [ 20.000000] end_request: critical target error, dev sda, sector 14408Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.err kernel: [ 20.008000] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 1545Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.016000] lost page write due to I/O error on sda1Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.err kernel: [ 20.020000] JBD2: Error -5 detected when updating journal superblock for sda1-8.Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.028000] EXT4-fs warning (device sda1): ext4_clear_journal_err:4637: Filesystem error recorded from previous mount: IO failure Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.040000] EXT4-fs warning (device sda1): ext4_clear_journal_err:4638: Marking fs in need of filesystem check.Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.056000] EXT4-fs (sda1): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommendedThu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 20.068000] EXT4-fs (sda1): recovery completeThu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 20.072000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Invalid command failureThu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 20.076000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.080000] Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 20.084000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.088000] Sense Key : 0x5 [current]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 20.092000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.096000] ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 20.100000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB:Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.100000] cdb[0]=0x2a: 2a 080000384800000800Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.err kernel: [ 20.108000] end_request: critical target error, dev sda, sector 14408Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.err kernel: [ 20.112000] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 1545Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.warn kernel: [ 20.120000] lost page write due to I/O error on sda1Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.err kernel: [ 20.124000] JBD2: Error -5 detected when updating journal superblock for sda1-8.Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kern.err kernel: [ 20.132000] Aborting journal on device sda1-8.Thu Oct 518:57:152017 kernel: [ 20.136000] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts:以及Thu Oct 518:57:172017 kern.crit kernel: [ 22.264000] EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_journal_check_start:56: Detected aborted journalThu Oct 518:57:172017 kern.crit kernel: [ 22.272000] EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-onlyThu Oct 518:57:192017 daemon.err block: /dev/sda1 is already mounted on /mnt/sda1在更换为其他硬盘盒(硬盘不变)后, 错误消失.。
一步一步解决 kernel 2.6 usb host driver
一步一步解决kernel 2.6 usb host driver(以下讨论基于kernel 2.6.11，ARM9 s3c2410，arm-linux-gcc 3.4.1 )=================================================2.6在s3c2410上usb host不工作的直接结果就是提示110错误：usb 1-1: device descriptor read/64, error -110追踪错误代码，我们来看看能不能找到导致这个错误的线索。
include/asm-generic/errno.h#define EPROTO 71 /* Protocol error */#define EILSEQ 84 /* Illegal byte sequence */#define ETIMEDOUT 110 /* Connection timed out */Documentation/usb/error-codes.txt-EPROTO (*, **) a) bitstuff errorb) no response packet received within theprescribed bus turn-around timec) unknown USB error-EILSEQ (*, **) a) CRC mismatchb) no response packet received within theprescribed bus turn-around timec) unknown USB error-ETIMEDOUT (**) No response packet received within the prescribedbus turn-around time. This error may instead bereported as -EPROTO or -EILSEQ.由此我们可以判断，这个错误与usb 设备的超时有关。
devlist
ROOT\LEGACY_HTTP\0000
Name: HTTP
Driver is running.
ROOT\LEGACY_TCPIPREG\0000
Name: TCP/IP Registry Compatibility
Name: High Definition Audio Driver is running.
ACPI\INT3F0D\4&18309A73&0
Name: Motherboard resources
Device is currently stopped.
USB\VID_8087&PID_0024\5&37687FA6&0&1
Name: Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller
Driver is running.
ROOT\LEGACY_NDIS\0000
Name: NDIS System Driver
Driver is running.
PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_1E20&SUBSYS_10AC1043&REV_04\3&11583659&2&D8
Name: Hardware Policy Driver
Driver is running.
ACPI\PNP0200\4&18309A73&0
Name: Direct memory access controller
Device is currently stopped.
Device is currently stopped.
Openwrt使用USB接口进行网络通信
Openwrt使⽤USB接⼝进⾏⽹络通信Openwrt可以使⽤USB⼝连接⼿机，借助⼿机的WIFI或者3G/4G上⽹Adroid：⼀般在便携式热点下有个USB⽹络共享开关，Openwrt需要安装如下软件包1 Kernel modules --->2 USB Support --->3 <*> kmod-usb-net............... Kernel modules for USB-to-Ethernet convertors4 <*> kmod-usb-ohci............................... Support for OHCI controllers5 <*> kmod-usb-uhci............................... Support for UHCI controllers6 <*> kmod-usb2................................... Support for USB2 controllersUSB连接⼿机后，打开⽹络共享，会在/proc/net/dev下⾯新增⼀个⽹络接⼝，⼀般是USB开头的接⼝名，可以使⽤dhcp去⼿机端获取IP，是192.168.42.xx⽹段的IOS：在个⼈热点下⾯有个⽹络共享开关，Openwrt除了要安装上⾯USB Support的软件包，还需要安装1 Utilities --->2 <*> libimobiledevice-utils............ A library that talks to Apple devices.3 <*> libplist-utils............................. Apple property list converter4 <*> libusbmuxd-utils......................... USB multiplexing daemon utilies5 <*> usbmuxd.......................................... USB multiplexing daemonUsbmuxd好像提供⼀个USB和TCP/IP的转换功能，系统初始化时启动即可，USB连接⼿机后，打开⽹络共享，会在/proc/net/dev下⾯新增⼀个⽹络接⼝，⼀般是eth开头的接⼝名，可以使⽤dhcp去⼿机端获取IP，是172.20.10.xx⽹段的。
USB键盘不能用,HIDKeyboardDevice出现感叹号
USB键盘不能用,HIDKeyboardDevice出现感叹号打开“设备管理器”中发现键盘设备“HID Keyboard Device”是感叹号显示，但USB和PS/2键盘插入后还是完全没有任何反应。
重新卸载再添加官方驱动也不行，虽然会提示说驱动安装成功。
好久没有优化过电脑了，感觉系统有些慢，于是就用优化工具优化了下电脑，也用超级兔子彻底的清理系统和注册表垃圾，也压缩优化了注册表了。
重启电脑后发现USb键盘竟然不能用了！在系统登录界面不能输入密码了，但鼠标即正常，更换其它USB键盘也不能用，于是想到用PS/2键盘试试，一试竟然也不行。
打开“设备管理器”中发现键盘设备“HID Keyboard Device”是感叹号显示，重新卸载再添加官方驱动也不行，虽然会提示说驱动安装成功。
电脑优化导致键盘不可用的解决办法1.因为没有办法输入密码，所以根本没有办法进入电脑，于是用U盘启动盘工具破解XP系统的密码，也就是清空在登录界面显示的用户名（本地管理员帐号）的密码，开机启动后用鼠标点击进入系统；2.再通过软键盘打开注册表，依次定位到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Cla ss\{4D36E96B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}键下，删除下面的“UpperFilters”字串。
其实我们检查可以发现“UpperFilters”类型不是“REG_SZ”，或者值不是kbdclass”；3.再卸载“设备管理器”中的键盘，然后重新启动电脑；4.再次打开注册表，还是定位到这个路径下，新建刚刚删除的“UpperFilters”字符串值，新赋予“数值数据”为“kbdclass”：5.打开“设备管理器”，发现键盘设备“HID Keyboard Device”不再是感叹号了，但我们的键盘还是不能用，所以再次卸载键盘设备“HID Keyboard Device”，再重新启动电脑，开机后OK啦！6.类似的，其它一些设备，如鼠标、光驱、U KEY等设备出现了驱动问题，也可以通过此法在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Cla ss下查找并参照这个方法来处理。