Review of mechanical and metallurgical investigations of martensite-austenite constituent in Japan

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机械设备故障规律及运行趋势预测方法综述

2021.01理论算法机械设备故障规律及运行趋势预测方法综述朱慧军，杨洪磊(昆明冶金高等专科学校电气与机械学院，云南昆明，650033)摘要：对于机械设备的故障运行问题，技术人员应当深入研究机械设备的故障规律，并研究出运行趋势的预测方法，从传感器的检测时间间隔与使用数量等方面加以深入的研究。

本文介绍了机械设备运行状态的故障预测方法，并将机械设备运行状态的故障预测方法总结为三个步骤，分别是数据获取、处理与设备寿命预测,结合这些内容，提出了关于机械设备故障运行的一些方法，旨在为相关技术人员提供参考依据。

关键词:机械设备；故障规律；运行趋势；预测方法A review of mechanical equipment failure law and operation trendprediction methodsZhu Huijun,Yang Honglei(School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering,Kunming Metallurgical College,Kunming Yunnan,650033) Abstrac t：For the fauIt operation of mechanical equipment,technicians should thoroughly study the fault law of mechanical equipment,and study the prediction method of the running trend,from the sensor detection time interval and the number of use to do in-depth research.This paper introduces the mechanical equipment running status of fauIt prediction method,and the mechanical equipment running status of fault prediction method is summed up in three steps,dat&acquisition,processing and equipment life prediction,in combination with these content,puts forward some methods of mechanical equipment fauIt operation,is aimed at providing reference for related technicians.Keywords；mechanical equipment;Fault law;0pe：T8ting trend;Prediction method0引言现代工业的装备包括许多中,许多大型的设备都趋于精密化和复杂化发展，为维持机械设备正常的故障运行，工业领域的技术人员对机械设备运行的状态必须要加强研究。

关于机械制造的英语文章

关于机械制造的英语文章篇一：机械专业英语作文1Mechanical engineeringEngineering Science in life are widely used, especially in mechanical engineering in the application of life is almost throughout life in all its aspects, to automobiles, aircraft, small electric fans, umbrella, all of these and related machinery. The project includes many subjects, but the mechanical engineering is one of the most important subjects, not only because of our life and itis closely related to, but with the progress of the times, people have to rely on mechanical engineering products, in automation today, machine instead of many this is the part of the human labor, improve the efficiency and save time.As a result of mechanical engineering in every aspect of life, therefore, as an engineer, be faced with a great many challenges, in addition to a solid with knowledge, but also keep pace with the times, familiar with the machinery and related software, can be very good use of software, and as a an engineer, we should try our best to design and produce and closely related to the life of the machine, and can in life play a real role, also have only such, we address and remission now social needs, therefore, the mechanical engineering in the future social development, will play the important role, especially China s case, the industry also is not very developed, machinery can be greater development space.Before the industrial revolution, machinery is mostly wood structure, wood made by hand by. The development of social economy,the demand for mechanical products. The bulk of the production increasing and precision processing technology progress, promote the mass production method ( interchangeability of parts production, professional division of labor and cooperation, water processinglines and assembly lines ) formation. Study of mechanical products in the manufacturing process, especially when used in the pollution of the environment and natural resources excessive consumption problems and their treatment measures. This is a modern mechanical engineering is an especially important task to grow with each passing day, andits importance.Application of mechanical products. This includes selection, ordering, acceptance, installation, adjustment, operation, maintenance, repair and transformation of the industrial use of machinery and complete sets of machinery and equipment, to ensurethat the mechanical products in the long-term use of reliability and economy.As a student, we are now the most important to learn professional knowledge, only in this way, can we later life and learning, to doits part.机械工程工程科学在生活中应用广泛，特别是机械工程在生活中的应用几乎就是遍布了生活中的各个方面，大到汽车、飞机，小到电风扇、雨伞，这些都和机械有关。

全球材料类SCI收录期刊影响因子排名投稿必备

全球材料类SCI收录期刊影响因子排名期刊英文名中文名影响因子Nature自然Science科学Nature Material自然（材料）Nature Nanotechnology自然（纳米技术）Progress in Materials Science材料科学进展Nature Physics自然（物理）Progress in Polymer Science聚合物科学进展Surface Science Reports表面科学报告Materials Science & Engineering R-reports材料科学与工程报告Angewandte Chemie-International Edition应用化学国际版Nano Letters纳米快报Advanced Materials先进材料Journal of the American Chemical Society美国化学会志Annual Review of Materials Research材料研究年度评论Physical Review Letters物理评论快报Advanced Functional Materials先进功能材料Advances in Polymer Science聚合物科学发展Biomaterials生物材料Small微观？Progress in Surface Science表面科学进展Chemical Communications化学通信MRS Bulletin材料研究学会（美国）公告Chemistry of Materials材料化学Advances in Catalysis先进催化Journal of Materials Chemistry材料化学杂志Carbon碳Crystal Growth & Design晶体生长与设计Electrochemistry Communications电化学通讯The Journal of Physical Chemistry B物理化学杂志，B辑：材料、表面、界面与生物物理Inorganic Chemistry有机化学Langmuir朗缪尔Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics物理化学International Journal of Plasticity塑性国际杂志Acta Materialia材料学报Applied Physics Letters应用物理快报Journal of power sources电源技术Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids固体力学与固体物理学杂志International Materials Reviews国际材料评论Nanotechnology纳米技术Journal of Applied Crystallography应用结晶学Microscopy and MicroanalysisCurrent Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science固态和材料科学的动态Scripta Materialia材料快报The Journal of Physical Chemistry A物理化学杂志，A辑Biometals生物金属Ultramicroscopy超显微术Microporous and Mesoporous Materials多孔和类孔材料Composites Science and Technology复合材料科学与技术Current Nanoscience当代纳米科学Journal of the Electrochemical Society电化学界Solid State Ionics固体离子IEEE Journal of Quantum ElectronicsIEEE量子电子学杂志Mechanics of Materials材料力学Journal of nanoparticle research纳米颗粒研究CORROSION SCIENCE腐蚀科学Journal of Applied Physics应用物理杂志Journal of Biomaterials Science-Polymer Edition生物材料科学—聚合物版IEEE Transactions on NanotechnologyIEEE 纳米学报Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials晶体生长和材料表征进展Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics物理杂志D——应用物理Journal of the American Ceramic Society美国陶瓷学会杂志Diamond and Related Materials金刚石及相关材料Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data化学和工程资料杂志Intermetallics金属间化合物Electrochemical and Solid State Letters固体电化学快报Synthetic Metals合成金属Composites Part A-Applied Science and Manufacturing复合材料A应用科学与制备Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology纳米科学和纳米技术Journal of Solid State Chemistry固体化学Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter物理学学报：凝聚态物质Urnal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymer生物活性与兼容性聚合物杂志International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer传热与传质Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing应用物理A－材料科学和进展Thin Solid Films固体薄膜Surface & Coatings Technology表面与涂层技术Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems材料科学与工程C—仿生与超分子系统Materials Research Bulletin材料研究公告International Journal of Solids and Structures固体与结构Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microst材料科学和工程A—结构材料的性能、组织与加工Materials Chemistry and Physics材料化学与物理Powder Technology粉末技术Materials Letters材料快报Journal of Materials Research材料研究杂志Smart Materials & Structures智能材料与结构Solid State Sciences固体科学Polymer Testing聚合物测试Nanoscale Research Letters纳米研究快报Surface Science表面科学Optical Materials光学材料International Journal of Thermal Sciences热科学Thermochimica Acta热化学学报Journal of Biomaterials Applications生物材料应用杂志Journal of Thermal Analysis andJournal of Solid State Electrochemistry固体电化学杂志Journal of the European Ceramic Society欧洲陶瓷学会杂志Materials Science and Engineering B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Tech材料科学与工程B—先进技术用固体材料Applied Surface Science应用表面科学European Physical Journal B欧洲物理杂志Solid State Communications固体物理通信International Journal of Fatigue疲劳国际杂志Computational Materials Science计算材料科学Cement and Concrete Research水泥与混凝土研究Philosophical Magazine Letters哲学杂志（包括材料）Current Applied Physics当代应用物理Journal of Alloys and Compounds合金和化合物杂志Wear磨损Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine材料科学杂志—医用材料Advanced Engineering Materials先进工程材料Journal of Nuclear Materials核材料杂志International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology应用陶瓷技术Chemical Vapor Deposition化学气相沉积COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING复合材料B工程Composite Structures复合材料结构Journal of Non-crystalline Solids非晶固体杂志Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B真空科学与技术杂志Semiconductor Science and Technology半导体科学与技术Journal of SOL-GEL Science and TEchnology溶胶凝胶科学与技术杂志Science and Technology of Welding and Joining焊接科学与技术Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy and Material冶金与材料会刊A——物理冶金和材料Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与工程中的建模与模拟Philosophical Magazine A-Physics of Condensed Matter Structure Defects and Mechanical Properties哲学杂志A凝聚态物质结构缺陷和机械性能物理Philosophical Magazine哲学杂志Ceamics International国际陶瓷Oxidation of Metals材料氧化Modern Physics Letters A现代物理快报Cement & Concrete Composites水泥与混凝土复合材料Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures智能材料系统与结构Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials磁学与磁性材料杂志Journal of Electronic Materials电子材料杂志Surface and Interface Analysis表面与界面分析Science and Technology of AdvancedJournal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience计算与理论纳米科学IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGINGIEEE高级封装会刊Materials Characterization材料表征International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials耐火金属和硬质材料国际杂志Physica Status solidi A-Applied Research固态物理A——应用研究PHASE TRANSITIONS相变Journal of Thermal Spray Technology热喷涂技术杂志International Journal of Nanotechnology纳米工程Journal of Materials Science材料科学杂志Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A-VACUUM Surfaces and Films真空科学与技术A 真空表面和薄膜PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH固态物理B—基础研究MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING半导体加工的材料科学International Journal of Fracture断裂学报Journal of Materials Processing Technology材料加工技术杂志Metals and Materials International国际金属及材料IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICSIEEE磁学会刊Vacuum真空Journal of Applied Electrochemistry应用电化学Materials & Design材料与设计JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS固体物理与化学杂志Journal of Experimental Nanoscience实验纳米科学POLYMER COMPOSITES聚合物复合材料Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Electronics材料科学杂志—电子材料Journal of Composite Materials复合材料杂志Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan日本陶瓷学会杂志JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS电子陶瓷杂志ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY聚合物技术发展IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIESIEEE元件及封装技术会刊Journal of Porous Materials多孔材料IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURINGIEEE半导体制造会刊CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS结构与建筑材料Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-Transactions of The ASME工程材料与技术杂志—美国机械工程师学会会刊FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES工程材料与结构的疲劳与断裂IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITYIEEE应用超导性会刊ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL美国混凝土学会结构杂志Materials Science and Technology材料科学与技术Materials and Structures材料与结构Reviews on Advanced Materials Science先进材料科学评论International Journal of Thermophysics热物理学国际杂志JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY粘着科学与技术杂志Journal of Materials Science & Technology材料科学与技术杂志High Performance Polymers高性能聚合物BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE材料科学公告Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures先进材料结构和力学PHYSICA B物理EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS欧洲物理杂志—应用物理CORROSION腐蚀International Journal of Materials Research材料研究杂志JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION无损检测杂志METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY ANDMATERIALS冶金和材料会刊B—制备冶金和材料制备科学Materials Transactions材料会刊Aerospace Science and Technology航空科学技术Journal of Energetic Materials金属学杂志Advanced Powder Technology先进粉末技术Applied Composite Materials应用复合材料Advances in Applied Ceramics先进应用陶瓷Materials and Manufacturing Processes材料与制造工艺Composite Interfaces复合材料界面JOURNAL OF ADHESION粘着杂志INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS理论物理国际杂志JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS电化学系统新材料杂志Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer热物理与热传递Materials and Corrosion-Werkstoffe Und Korrosion材料与腐蚀RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION无损检测研究JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN计算机辅助材料设计杂志JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES增强塑料和复合材料杂志ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL美国混凝土学会材料杂志SEMICONDUCTORS半导体FERROELECTRICS铁电材料INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B现代物理国际杂志MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS材料研究创新GLASS TECHNOLOGY -PART A玻璃技术JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING土木工程材料杂志NEW DIAMOND AND FRONTIER CARBON TECHNOLOGY新型金刚石和前沿碳技术SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES中国科学E技术科学ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS雾化和喷涂SYNTHESE合成HIGH TEMPERATURE高温Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion相平衡与扩散INORGANIC MATERIALS无机材料MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS复合材料力学BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING生物医用材料与工程PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF GLASSES玻璃物理与化学JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION武汉理工大学学报-材料科学版ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS先进复合材料Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance材料工程与性能杂志Solid State Technology固体物理技术FERROELECTRICS LETTERS SECTION铁电材料快报JOURNAL OF POLYMER MATERIALS聚合物材料杂志JOURNAL OF INORGANIC MATERIALS无机材料杂志GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-GLASTECHNISCHE BERICHTE玻璃科学与技术POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES聚合物与聚合物复合材料Surface Engineering表面工程RARE METALS稀有金属HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL PROCESSES高温材料加工JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION测试及评价杂志AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN美国陶瓷学会公告MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES高温材料MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH混凝土研究杂志SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS表面评论与快报Journal of Ceramic Processing Research陶瓷处理研究JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES A-SOLID MECHANICS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERIN日本机械工程学会国际杂志系列A－固体力学与材料工程MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY材料技术ADVANCED COMPOSITES LETTERS先进复合材料快报HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES高温材料和加工INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS集成铁电材料MATERIALS SCIENCE材料科学MATERIALS EVALUATION材料评价POWDER METALLURGY AND METAL CERAMICS粉末冶金及金属陶瓷RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING稀有金属材料与工程INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY材料与生产技术国际杂志METAL SCIENCE AND HEAT TREATMENT金属科学及热处理JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS先进材料杂志ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES先进材料及工艺MATERIALS WORLD材料世界SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS复合材料科学与工程MATERIALS PERFORMANCE材料性能。

材料科学中的几本重要杂志

材料科学，主要包含金属、陶瓷、复合材料等，高分子的一般是在化学里面。

1。

acta materialia这个应该算是材料科学中影响力最大的期刊了吧，。

2002 年的if是3.104。

1953年开始的。

原来封面是4个圈的，2004年中间开始多了一个圈（theory）。

paper都很长的，大都在7page以上吧，现在没有letters的。

同一个出版社的还有个scripta materialia。

Acta Materialia's purpose is to publish original papers and occasional critical reviews which advance the understanding of the structural and functional properties of materials: metals and alloys, ceramics, high polymers and glasses. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationship between the structure of solids and their properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, magnetic and optical); with the thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanisms of processes occurring within solids; with experiments and models which help in understanding the macroscopic properties of materials in terms of microscopic mechanisms; and with original work which advances the understanding of structural and functional materials./JournalDetail.html?PubID=221&Precis=DESC/science/journal/135964542。

全球SCI收录材料期刊影响因子排名

全球S C I收录材料期刊影响因子排名On February 12, 2022, investing in oneself is the best way.全球SCI收录材料期刊影响因子排名Nature自然Science科学Nature Material自然材料Nature Nanotechnology自然纳米技术Progress in Materials Science材料科学进展Nature Physics自然物理Progress in Polymer Science聚合物科学进展Surface Science Reports表面科学报告Materials Science & Engineering R-reports材料科学与工程报告Angewandte Chemie-International Edition应用化学国际版Nano Letters纳米快报Advanced Materials先进材料Journal of the American Chemical Society美国化学会志Annual Review of Materials Research材料研究年度评论Physical Review Letters物理评论快报Advanced Functional Materials先进功能材料Advances in Polymer Science聚合物科学发展Biomaterials生物材料Small微观Progress in Surface Science表面科学进展Chemical Communications化学通信MRS Bulletin材料研究学会美国公告Chemistry of Materials材料化学Advances in Catalysis先进催化Journal of Materials Chemistry材料化学杂志Carbon碳Crystal Growth & Design晶体生长与设计Electrochemistry Communications电化学通讯The Journal of Physical Chemistry B物理化学杂志,B辑：材料、表面、界面与生物物理Inorganic Chemistry无机化学Langmuir朗缪尔Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics物理化学International Journal of Plasticity塑性国际杂志Acta Materialia材料学报Applied Physics Letters应用物理快报Journal of power sources电源技术Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids固体力学与固体物理学杂志International Materials Reviews国际材料评论Nanotechnology纳米技术Journal of Applied Crystallography应用结晶学Microscopy and MicroanalysisCurrent Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science固态和材料科学的动态Scripta Materialia材料快报The Journal of Physical Chemistry A物理化学杂志,A辑Biometals生物金属Ultramicroscopy超显微术Microporous and Mesoporous Materials多孔和类孔材料Composites Science and Technology复合材料科学与技术Current Nanoscience当代纳米科学Journal of the Electrochemical Society电化学界Solid State Ionics固体离子IEEE Journal of Quantum ElectronicsIEEE量子电子学杂志Mechanics of Materials材料力学Journal of nanoparticle research纳米颗粒研究CORROSION SCIENCE腐蚀科学Journal of Applied Physics应用物理杂志Journal of Biomaterials Science-Polymer Edition生物材料科学—聚合物版IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology IEEE 纳米学报Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials晶体生长和材料表征进展Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics物理杂志D——应用物理Journal of the American Ceramic Society美国陶瓷学会杂志Diamond and Related Materials金刚石及相关材料Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data化学和工程资料杂志Intermetallics金属间化合物Electrochemical and Solid State Letters固体电化学快报Synthetic Metals合成金属Composites Part A-Applied Science and Manufacturing复合材料 A应用科学与制备Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology纳米科学和纳米技术Journal of Solid State Chemistry固体化学Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter物理学学报：凝聚态物质Urnal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymer生物活性与兼容性聚合物杂志International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer传热与传质Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing应用物理A－材料科学和进展Thin Solid Films固体薄膜Surface & Coatings Technology表面与涂层技术Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems材料科学与工程C—仿生与超分子系统Materials Research Bulletin材料研究公告International Journal of Solids and Structures固体与结构Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microst材料科学和工程A—结构材料的性能、组织与加工Materials Chemistry and Physics材料化学与物理Powder Technology粉末技术Materials Letters材料快报Journal of Materials Research材料研究杂志Smart Materials & Structures智能材料与结构Solid State Sciences固体科学Polymer Testing聚合物测试Nanoscale Research Letters纳米研究快报Surface Science表面科学Optical Materials光学材料International Journal of Thermal Sciences热科学Thermochimica Acta热化学学报Journal of Biomaterials Applications生物材料应用杂志Journal of Thermal Analysis andJournal of Solid State Electrochemistry固体电化学杂志Journal of the European Ceramic Society欧洲陶瓷学会杂志Materials Science and Engineering B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Tech材料科学与工程B—先进技术用固体材料Applied Surface Science应用表面科学European Physical Journal B欧洲物理杂志Solid State Communications固体物理通信International Journal of Fatigue疲劳国际杂志Computational Materials Science计算材料科学Cement and Concrete Research水泥与混凝土研究Philosophical Magazine Letters哲学杂志包括材料Current Applied Physics当代应用物理Journal of Alloys and Compounds合金和化合物杂志Wear磨损Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine材料科学杂志—医用材料Advanced Engineering Materials先进工程材料Journal of Nuclear Materials核材料杂志International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology应用陶瓷技术Chemical Vapor Deposition化学气相沉积COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING复合材料B工程Composite Structures复合材料结构Journal of Non-crystalline Solids非晶固体杂志Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B真空科学与技术杂志Semiconductor Science and Technology半导体科学与技术Journal of SOL-GEL Science and TEchnology溶胶凝胶科学与技术杂志Science and Technology of Welding and Joining焊接科学与技术Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy and Material冶金与材料会刊A——物理冶金和材料Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与工程中的建模与模拟Philosophical Magazine A-Physics of Condensed Matter Structure Defects and Mechanical Properties哲学杂志A凝聚态物质结构缺陷和机械性能物理Philosophical Magazine哲学杂志Ceamics International国际陶瓷Oxidation of Metals材料氧化Modern Physics Letters A现代物理快报Cement & Concrete Composites水泥与混凝土复合材料Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures智能材料系统与结构Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials磁学与磁性材料杂志Journal of Electronic Materials电子材料杂志Surface and Interface Analysis表面与界面分析Science and Technology of Advanced MaterialsJournal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience计算与理论纳米科学IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGINGIEEE高级封装会刊Materials Characterization材料表征International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials耐火金属和硬质材料国际杂志Physica Status solidi A-Applied Research固态物理A——应用研究PHASE TRANSITIONS相变Journal of Thermal Spray Technology热喷涂技术杂志International Journal of Nanotechnology纳米工程Journal of Materials Science材料科学杂志Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A-VACUUM Surfaces and Films真空科学与技术A真空表面和薄膜PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH固态物理B—基础研究MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING半导体加工的材料科学International Journal of Fracture断裂学报Journal of Materials Processing Technology材料加工技术杂志Metals and Materials International国际金属及材料IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICSIEEE磁学会刊Vacuum真空Journal of Applied Electrochemistry应用电化学Materials & Design材料与设计JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS固体物理与化学杂志Journal of Experimental Nanoscience实验纳米科学POLYMER COMPOSITES聚合物复合材料Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Electronics材料科学杂志—电子材料Journal of Composite Materials复合材料杂志Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan日本陶瓷学会杂志JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS电子陶瓷杂志ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY聚合物技术发展IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES IEEE元件及封装技术会刊Journal of Porous Materials多孔材料IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURINGIEEE半导体制造会刊CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS结构与建筑材料Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-Transactions of The ASME工程材料与技术杂志—美国机械工程师学会会刊FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES工程材料与结构的疲劳与断裂IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITYIEEE应用超导性会刊ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL美国混凝土学会结构杂志Materials Science and Technology材料科学与技术Materials and Structures材料与结构Reviews on Advanced Materials Science先进材料科学评论International Journal of Thermophysics热物理学国际杂志JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY粘着科学与技术杂志Journal of Materials Science & Technology材料科学与技术杂志High Performance Polymers高性能聚合物BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE材料科学公告Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures先进材料结构和力学PHYSICA B物理EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS欧洲物理杂志—应用物理CORROSION腐蚀International Journal of Materials Research材料研究杂志JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION无损检测杂志METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY ANDMATERIALS冶金和材料会刊B—制备冶金和材料制备科学Materials Transactions材料会刊Aerospace Science and Technology航空科学技术Journal of Energetic Materials金属学杂志Advanced Powder Technology先进粉末技术Applied Composite Materials应用复合材料Advances in Applied Ceramics先进应用陶瓷Materials and Manufacturing Processes材料与制造工艺Composite Interfaces复合材料界面JOURNAL OF ADHESION粘着杂志INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS理论物理国际杂志JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS电化学系统新材料杂志Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer热物理与热传递Materials and Corrosion-Werkstoffe Und Korrosion材料与腐蚀RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION无损检测研究JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN计算机辅助材料设计杂志JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES增强塑料和复合材料杂志ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL美国混凝土学会材料杂志SEMICONDUCTORS半导体FERROELECTRICS铁电材料INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B现代物理国际杂志B MATERIALS RESEARCHINNOVATIONS材料研究创新GLASS TECHNOLOGY -PART A玻璃技术JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING土木工程材料杂志NEW DIAMOND AND FRONTIER CARBON TECHNOLOGY新型金刚石和前沿碳技术SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES中国科学E技术科学ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS雾化和喷涂SYNTHESE合成HIGH TEMPERATURE高温Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion相平衡与扩散INORGANIC MATERIALS无机材料MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS复合材料力学BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING生物医用材料与工程PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF GLASSES玻璃物理与化学JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION 武汉理工大学学报-材料科学版ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS先进复合材料Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance材料工程与性能杂志Solid State Technology固体物理技术FERROELECTRICS LETTERS SECTION铁电材料快报JOURNAL OF POLYMER MATERIALS聚合物材料杂志JOURNAL OF INORGANIC MATERIALS无机材料杂志GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-GLASTECHNISCHE BERICHTE玻璃科学与技术POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES聚合物与聚合物复合材料Surface Engineering表面工程RARE METALS稀有金属HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL PROCESSES高温材料加工JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION测试及评价杂志AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN美国陶瓷学会公告MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES高温材料MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH混凝土研究杂志SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS表面评论与快报Journal of Ceramic Processing Research陶瓷处理研究JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES A-SOLID MECHANICS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERIN日本机械工程学会国际杂志系列A－固体力学与材料工程MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY材料技术ADVANCED COMPOSITES LETTERS先进复合材料快报HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES高温材料和加工INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS集成铁电材料MATERIALS SCIENCE材料科学MATERIALS EVALUATION材料评价POWDER METALLURGY AND METAL CERAMICS粉末冶金及金属陶瓷RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING稀有金属材料与工程INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY材料与生产技术国际杂志METAL SCIENCE AND HEAT TREATMENT金属科学及热处理JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS先进材料杂志ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES先进材料及工艺MATERIALS WORLD材料世界SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS复合材料科学与工程MATERIALS PERFORMANCE材料性能。

机械类科普英文文章

机械类科普英文文章随着全球化的不断深入，我国技术对外交流不断增多，对科技翻译的需求必然日益增多。

下面是店铺带来的，欢迎阅读!机械类科普英文文章1What is Hydraulic?A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, includingfuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.Hydraulic principleIt consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel.History of the development of hydraulicAnd air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world's firsthydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G • Constantimsco) fluctuations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader. Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projectswith flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship deck crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the stern thruster ; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti-rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.机械类科普英文文章23D打印机制作类骨材料It looks like bone. It feels like bone. For the most part, it acts like bone. And it came off an inkjet printer(喷墨式打印机) .Washington State University researchers have used a 3-D printer to create a bone-like material and structure that can be used in orthopedic(整形外科的) procedures, dental work and to deliver medicine for treating osteoporosis. Paired with actual bone, it acts as a scaffold for new bone to grow on and ultimately dissolves with no apparent ill effects.The authors report on successful in vitro tests in the journal Dental Materials and say they're already seeing promising1 results with in vivo tests on rats and rabbits. It's possible that doctors will be able to custom order replacement2 bone tissue in a few years, said Susmita Bose, co-author and professor in WSU's School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering."If a doctor has a CT scan of a defect, we can convert it to a CAD file and make the scaffold according to the defect," Bose said.The material grows out of a four-year interdisciplinary(各学科间的) effort involving chemistry, materials science, biology andmanufacturing. A main finding of the paper is that the addition ofsilicon3 and zinc4 more than doubled the strength of the main material, calcium5phosphate(磷酸钙) .The researchers -- who include mechanical and materials engineering Professor Amit Bandyopadhyay, doctoral student Gary Fielding and research assistant Solaiman Tarafder -- also spent a year optimizing6 a commercially available ProMetal 3-D printer designed to make metal objects.The printer works by having an inkjet spray a plastic binder7 over a bed of powder in layers of 20 microns, about half the width of a human hair. Following a computer's directions, it creates a channeled cylinder8(圆筒，汽缸) the size of a pencil eraser.After just a week in a medium with immature9 human bone cells, the scaffold was supporting a network of new bone cells.The research was funded with a $1.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health.。

《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译-Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers

Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money--making, commercial-scale chemical processes. The chemist works in test tubes and Parr bombs with very small quantities of reactants and products (e.g., 100 ml), usually running “batch”, constant-temperature experiments. Reactants are placed in a small container in a constant temperature bath. A catalyst is added and the reactions proceed with time. Samples are taken at appropriate intervals to follow the consumption of the reactants and the production of products as time progresses.化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。

化学家用少量的反应物在试管和派式氧弹中反应相应得到少量的生成物，所进行的通常是间歇性的恒温下的实验，反应物放在很小的置于恒温水槽的容器中，加点催化剂，反应继续进行，随时间推移，反应物被消耗，并有生成物产生，产物在合适的间歇时间获得。

对接焊缝英语

对接焊缝英语Title: Butt Welding: Techniques, Considerations, and Quality AssuranceButt welding is a widely used joining technique in various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and fabrication. It involves the fusion of two metal or plastic components by aligning them end-to-end and applying heat and pressure to create a strong, durable bond. This process is essential for ensuring the structural integrity and reliability of a wide range of products and structures.The Butt Welding ProcessButt welding typically consists of several key steps. First, the edges of the components to be joined are carefully prepared by cleaning and ensuring a tight fit. This iscrucial for achieving a strong, uniform weld. Next, the components are positioned and clamped in place, ensuringproper alignment and preventing any gaps or misalignmentduring the welding process.The welding process itself can be performed using various techniques, such as manual metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding (GMAW), or automated welding systems. The choice of technique depends on factors such as the thickness of the materials, the required weld strength, and the specific application requirements. Regardless of the method used, the goal is to heat the joint area to the appropriate temperature, allowing the metal or plastic to melt and fuse together.Factors to Consider in Butt WeldingProper joint preparation is essential for achieving high-quality butt welds. This includes ensuring that the surfacesto be joined are free of any contaminants, such as rust, oil, or grease, which can compromise the weld integrity. Additionally, the edges of the components must be carefullyaligned and secured to prevent any misalignment or distortion during the welding process.The choice of welding consumables, such as fillermaterials and shielding gases, is another critical factor in butt welding. These materials must be compatible with thebase materials and the welding technique used, as they can significantly affect the strength, appearance, and overall quality of the weld.Heat input and cooling rate are also important considerations in butt welding. Excessive heat input can lead to distortion or warping of the materials, while insufficient heat can result in incomplete fusion and weak welds. Controlling the cooling rate is essential for ensuring the desired microstructural and mechanical properties of the weld.Quality Assurance in Butt WeldingEnsuring the quality and reliability of butt welds is crucial, as they are often subject to high stresses andcritical safety requirements. To achieve this, a comprehensive quality assurance program is typically implemented, which may include the following elements:1. Weld procedure qualification: Welding procedures are qualified through rigorous testing to ensure they meet the required mechanical and metallurgical standards.2. Welder/operator qualification: Welders and welding operators must demonstrate their competence and proficiency through practical and theoretical examinations.3. Nondestructive testing (NDT): Various NDT techniques, such as visual inspection, radiographic testing, or ultrasonic testing, are used to detect and evaluate any defects or imperfections in the welds.4. Destructive testing: Samples of the welded joints may be subjected to destructive testing, such as tensile, bend, or impact testing, to verify their mechanical properties and overall integrity.5. Weld documentation and traceability: Detailed records of the welding process, including parameters, consumables, and inspection results, are maintained to ensure traceability and facilitate quality control.ConclusionButt welding is a critical joining technique that plays a vital role in various industries. Achieving high-quality, reliable butt welds requires careful consideration of the welding process, material properties, and quality assurance measures. By adhering to best practices and implementing comprehensive quality control procedures, manufacturers and fabricators can ensure the safety, performance, and longevity of their products and structures.。

钢铁冶金类英文文献

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCHInt.J.Energy Res.,22,1049—1054(1998)ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THE STEEL MAKING INDUSTRYMOUSA S.MOHSEN*AND BILAL A.AKASHDepartment of Mechanical&Industrial Engineering,Applied Science Uni v ersity,Amman,11931,JordanSUMMARYSteel making is an energy intensive industry.This work presents and identiﬁes heat losses of the main components of this industry in Jordan.The heat losses are considerable and range from17to36%of the total energy input.Some heat losses are considered to be recoverable,especially in the furnace and the crucible and mould.Speciﬁc energy consumption was found to be6)0MJ per ton of steel for the Jordanian steel industry. 1998John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.KEY WORDS energy in steel industry;electric arc furnace;SECINTRODUCTIONSteel making involves diﬀerent cycles such as heating,cooling,melting and solidiﬁcation.It is a highly energy intensive industry.The reduction of energy consumption in this kind of industry is of a special concern.The speciﬁc energy consumption(SEC)of steel plants for diﬀerent countries was reported in literature(Bhak-tavatsalam and Choudhury,1995,Choudhury and Bhaktavatsalam,1997).In general,energy savings can be achieved by cutting down direct energy consumption,increasing energy recovery,and adopting the policy of replacing oil products and natural gas in primary steel making with coal and coal-by-products.According to Perlov(1987),increasing the energy eﬃciency of the most consuming facilities is achieved by improving the use of secondary energy sources such as minimizing the heat lost in hot waste gases,minimizing the heat radiated through refractory linings of metallurgical furnaces,and cooling the highly thermally stressed components.ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND ENERGY CONSERVATIONIn a recent study it was reported that the developments in iron and steel making took two separate lines (Zervas et al.,1996).Theﬁrst line was concerned with the blast furnace as the principal process for production,and the second was based on the direct reduction and smelting in which iron oxide feedstocks were reduced by gases to metallic iron.The diﬀerent technologies are summarized in Figure1.Energy consumption in the diﬀerent stages of steel production is about70%for iron and steel production, 20%for rolling,and10%for miscellaneous(Eketorp,1987).Therefore,the primary step is the main energy consumer in steel making,and most eﬀorts have been directed towards the blast furnace.Energy eﬃciency in the blast furnace can be improved by improving iron-ore benefaction,removing rawﬂuxes from the blast furnace burden,reducing the ash content of coke,reducing the sulphur content of coke and iron-ore materials,reducing the output fraction of cast iron and ferroalloys,using larger fractions of partly reduced *Correspondence to:Dr.M.S.Mohsen,Department of Mechanical&Industrial Engineering,Applied Science University,Amman, 11931,Jordan.Email:bakash@.joCCC0363-907X/98/121049—06$17.50Recei v ed9February1998Figure 1.Summary of diﬀerent technologiesmetallized raw materials,improving the blending,classiﬁcation and mechanical strength of iron-ore raw material,increasing the internal pressure in the blast furnace,increasing the blast temperature,and introducing external desulphurization.The scrap charging electric arc furnace (EAF)route of steel making requires considerably less energy than the integrated route.It has been reported,that EAF route is seen to be 40%less energy intensive than the open hearth furnace (OHF)route and less than 50%as energy intensive as the basic oxygen furnace (BOF)route (Lyakishev and Perlov,1987).It has been shown that as the percentage of scrap in the charge increases,the energy eﬃciency of the BOF and OHF will increase,since about 90%of the total energy use is associated with the smelting of pig iron.World-wide steel plants switched over to BOF route from OHF route of steel making due to energy conservation considerations.Also,the ingot casting route was replaced by the continuous casting technology (Bhaktavatsalam and Choudhury,1995).THE SCRAP CHARGE EAF ROUTEThe EAF is widely used in many countries for reﬁning the quality of steel for industry.The technologies used in steel making in diﬀerent countries are summarized in Figure 2(Bhaktavatsalam and Choudhury,1995).The scrap-based EAF route of steel production required less energy than the integrated route.Ross (1987)reported that melting involves the transfer of 1)1MBtu to each ton of scrap (1)16GJ ton \ ),and in average practice about 2)4MBtu is consumed per ton of liquid steel (2)53GJ ton \ ).For example,the scrap remelting is playing an important role of reducing energy consumption in steel making industry in Italy,it was reported that the production of new steel requires about 18GJ ton \ of liquid steel,while the production of remelted steel from scrap requires 6)5GJ ton \ of liquid steel (Bisio,1993).The theor-etical quantity of heat necessary to melt the scrap and to bring the steel to the tapping temperature is about 345kW h ton \ (Scotti,1990).Although,in practice,the amount needed is higher due to non-homogeneity of the scrap,heat is lost during charging phase of the scrap.Heat is also lost through the fettlings,the walls and the water-cooling crown,the outlet of hot gases from the clefts of the crown,and reactance of the electric furnace and consequent lower exploitation of the active energy and increase of electric losses.1050M.S.MOHSEN AND B.A.AKASHENERGY ANALYSIS OF THE STEEL MAKING INDUSTRY1051Figure2.Routes used in steel making in diﬀerent countriesThe main measures for saving energy in the EAF steel making are:recovery of heat from oﬀgases with its use to preheat scrap,using oxygen,increasing the voltage of the transformer,installing electrodes with protective coatings,reducing furnace downtimes,automatic controls for the voltage and power factor,and for the position of the electrodes,water cooling of the sides and insulation,and increasing the volume of metal treated in the ladle.The production of liquid steel in the electric furnace absorbs the highest proportion of the total energy consumption in the scrap charge EAF route.A proportion of67%has been reported(Poggi,1990).A mathematical model which integrates the electrical model with the thermal model has been developed for the performance of an electric arc furnace(Chirattananon and Gao,1996).The inﬂuence of operational parameters on the overall energy performance and productivity of an arc furnace operation has been demonstrated.The most prominent change in shaping technology is the continuous casting since it oﬀers important beneﬁts in product quality for most products because of its uniformity and reduction of defects during solidiﬁcation.Continuous castings has large immediate energy beneﬁts.It was reported that the direct savings are about1688MJ ton\ of rough shaped steel(Ross1987).About0)17ton more liquid steel per ton of shaped steel is required with the ingot casting than for continuos casting.The savings due to this requirement are about3060MJ ton\ of rough shaped steel.Energy can be saved in the hot rolling stage,in current practice,almost4220MJ ton\ of hot rolled product is used for reheating(Ross,1987).Improvements in the reheat furnace through automatic control based on sensing the surface temperatures of the slab and separately controlling diﬀerent zones of the furnace heat recovery including waste heat boilers,improved insulated water-cooled skids,and improvements in the envelope will reduce energy consumption.STEEL INDUSTRY IN JORDANThe steel making industry in Jordan is based on recycling of iron and steel.It involves melting of scrap in the electric furnace.This type of process takes place as a result of the electric arc which is generated betweenthe electrode and the scrap.As an example,the Jordanian Iron &Steel Industry Co.facility plant has been investigated and analysed.The 120ton-per-day capacity production line consists mainly of the smelting by EAF and the shaping part.Block diagrams of the production line are shown in Figures 3and 4.Electricity is primarily used to operate the rolling mill and electric arc furnace.The electric arc furnace uses 700kW h ton \ to melt the scrap,which consists of about 62%of the total energy consumption.The energy content of each stream entering and leaving the unit in the smelting section,was calculated from the appropriate site of measurement.Magnitudes of all heat losses were calculated and presented in Figures 5—7.Based on energy balance of each unit,it is found that 914MJ ton \ (36%of total heat input)are lost in the furnace.Heat losses in the crucible and mould add up to 439MJ ton \ (17%of total heat input).On the other hand,651MJ ton \ is lost in the cooler (26%of total heat input).Recovery of the heat content of the cooling water can be accomplished by steam generation and preheating the scrap.From heat content diﬀerence in the cooler,the initial temperature of the scrap can be raised approximately to about 800°C.The shaping involves casting the liquid steel into rough shapes,then these rough shapes are reheated and rolled into reinforcement steel bars.The casting,reheating furnace and rolling mills for steel rods absorb approximately 65%of the total energy consumption of the production line as shown in Table 1.The energy consumption of this stage is 70kW h ton \ (0)25GJ ton \ )of electricity and 70)5kg of fuel oil per each ton of steel (3)00GJ ton \ ).SEC of the Jordanian steel making industry is thus obtained by the procedure described by Choudhury and Bhaktavatsalam (1997).It is found to be equal to 6.0GJ ton \ of steel.It is presented in Figure 8as compared to SEC of other countries.It is lower than those values of other countries,since steel industry in Jordan is based on remelting or recycling of scrap.However,steel making in other countries presented in Table 1is based from manufacturing of steel from raw materials.Therefore,energy consumption and thus,SEC is lower for Jordanian steel makingindustry.Figure 3.Block diagram of scrap-based EAFroute.Figure 4.Block diagram of temperature distribution of EAFrouteFigure 5.Energy balance inEAFFigure 6.Energy balance in crucible and mould 1052M.S.MOHSEN AND B.A.AKASHFigure 7.Energy balance in coolerTable 1.Energy consumption (GJ ton steel \ )ElectricityFuel oil Gas oil Total EAF2)52——2)52Casting,reheating furnace and0)253)000)053)25rolling millOthers0)18——0)18Total 2)953)000)056)00Figure 8.Speciﬁc energy consumptionCONCLUSIONHeat losses occur along the line of production of the steel making industry.About 36%of total heat input is lost in the furnace.This is a recoverable heat which should not be wasted.17%of total heat input is lost in the crucible and mould.Some of it can be recovered or used in processing of steam.Over 26%of heat is rejected in the cooler.The recovery of heat of last process could be diﬃcult to achieve,except for space heating or ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THE STEEL MAKING INDUSTRY 10531054M.S.MOHSEN AND B.A.AKASHreheating of scrap to higher initial temperature.Due to the nature of steel making in Jordan is based on remelting of pellets or scrap,SEC is found to be equal to6)0GJ ton\ .It is lower than SEC of other industrialized countries.REFERENCESBhaktavatsalam,A.K.and Choudhury,R.(1995).‘Speciﬁc energy consumption in the steel industry’,Energy,20,1247—1250. Bisio,G.(1993).‘Exergy method for eﬃcient energy resource use in the steel industry’,Energy,18,971—985.Chirattananon,S.and Gao,Z.(1996).‘A model for the performance evaluation of the operation of electric arc furnace’,Energy Convers. Mgmt.,37,161—166.Choudhury,R.and Bhaktavatsalam,A.K.(1997).‘Energy ineﬃciency of Indian steel industry-scope for energy conservation’,Energy Convers.Mgmt.,38,167—171.Eketorp,S.(1987).‘Energy considerations of classical and new iron-and steel-making technology’,Energy,12,1153—1168. Lyakishev,N.P.and Perlov,N.I.(1987).‘Technological progress and energy conservation in the iron and steel industry of the U.S.S.R.’Energy,12,1169—1176.Perlov,N.I.(1987).‘Technological approaches to energy saving in blast-furnace operations in the iron and steel industry of the U.S.S.R.’, Energy,12,1177.Poggi,S.(1990).‘Present situation and trend of energy savings in Italian steelmaking’,Appl.Energy,36,47—49.Ross,M.(1987).‘Industrial energy conservation and the steel industry of the United States’,Energy,12,1137—1152.Scotti,G.(1990).‘Prospects for energy saving in Italian iron and steel industry using electric furnaces’,Appl.Energy,36,51—54. Zervas,T.,McMullan,J.T.and Williams,B.C.(1996).‘Developments in iron and steel making’Int.J.Energy Res.,20,69—91.。

中频炉炼钢工艺流程英文

中频炉炼钢工艺流程英文The medium-frequency furnace steelmaking process involves multiple stages, each with its unique purpose and significance in the overall steel production process. The following is a detailed overview of the medium-frequency furnace steelmaking process:1. Charge Preparation:The first step in the steelmaking process is the preparation of the charge, which consists of scrap metal, iron ore, and other additives.Scrap metal is the primary raw material used in the steelmaking process. It is melted down in the medium-frequency furnace to form the basis of the steel.Iron ore is added to provide additional iron content and help adjust the chemical composition of the steel.Other additives, such as fluxes and alloys, are added to control the properties of the steel, such as its strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance.2. Melting and Refining:The charge is loaded into the medium-frequency furnace, which uses high-frequency electromagnetic fields to generate heat and melt the charge.As the charge melts, impurities such as carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus are released. These impurities must be reduced to produce high-quality steel.To remove impurities, a process called refining is employed. This involves adding oxidizing agents to the molten steel, which react with the impurities to form gases that are then removed from the steel.3. Temperature Control:Temperature control is crucial in the steelmakingprocess. The steel must be heated to the appropriate temperature to ensure complete melting and refining.Too low a temperature can result in incomplete melting, while too high a temperature can lead to excessive oxidation and loss of valuable elements.The medium-frequency furnace allows for precise temperature control, ensuring that the steel is heated to the optimal temperature for each stage of the process.4. Addition of Alloys:After refining, alloys are added to the molten steel to adjust its chemical composition and impart desired properties.Common alloys used in steelmaking include chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and vanadium. These alloys enhance the strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and other properties of the steel.The amount and type of alloys added depend on the desired properties of the final steel product.5. Casting and Solidification:Once the steel has been properly refined and alloyed, it is ready to be cast into its final shape.The molten steel is poured into molds or ingots, which are then allowed to cool and solidify.The casting process must be carefully controlled to avoid defects such as porosity and inclusions.6. Heat Treatment:After casting, the steel is subjected to heat treatment to further enhance its properties.Heat treatment processes such as annealing, normalizing, and quenching are used to adjust the microstructure of the steel, improving its mechanicalproperties such as strength and toughness.The type and parameters of heat treatment depend on the specific requirements of the steel product.7. Quality Control and Testing:Quality control is essential throughout the steelmaking process. Samples of the molten steel are regularly taken and tested to ensure that it meets specified quality standards.Testing methods include chemical analysis, mechanical testing, and metallurgical examination. These tests provide information about the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the steel.If the steel fails to meet quality standards, adjustments can be made to the process parameters or the composition of the charge to improve the quality of the final product.In conclusion, the medium-frequency furnace steelmaking process is a complex and precise operation that requires careful control of various parameters and strict quality control measures. By carefully managing the charge preparation, melting and refining, temperature control, alloy addition, casting and solidification, heat treatment, and quality control steps, high-quality steel can be produced efficiently and reliably using a medium-frequency furnace.。

复合材料方面的核心期刊和杂志

国内复合材料权威杂志和期刊：复合材料学报高分子学报玻璃钢高等学校化学学报无机材料学报功能材料材料导报材料研究学报材料科学与工程学报师材料工程复合材料新型炭材料国外复合材料权威杂志和期刊：Composites Business AnalystComposite Structures《复合材料结构》英国ISSN:0263-8223，1983年创刊，全年16期，Elsevier Science出版社，SCI、EI收录期刊，2000年SCI影响因子0.359，被引频次786、年载文量95。

EI 2001年收录117篇。

刊载工程结构中应用复合材料的论文，包括设计、制造技术、开发、实验研究、理论分析等方面。

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing《复合材料A:实用科学与制造》英国ISSN:1359-835X，1969年创刊，全年12期，Elsevier Science出版社，SCI、EI收录期刊，2000年SCI影响因子0.723，被引频次354、年载文量145。

EI 2001年收录180篇。

刊载塑料、水泥、金属、陶瓷等基质与其它物质合成强化材料的化学与技术论文和评论，涉及强化材料制造、研究、生产、规划和发展。

兼载会议报告、文摘与书评。

Composites Part B: Engineering《复合材料B:工程》英国ISSN:1359-8368，1991年创刊，全年8期，Elsevier Science出版社，SCI、EI收录期刊，2000年SCI影响因子0.436，被引频次131、年载文量72。

EI 2001年收录58篇。

刊载复合材料与工程结构方面的研究论文，涉及新型材料和新型结构在各个领域，特别是在航空、机械和海洋工程领域的应用，包括设计与分析方法的研究。

Composites Science and Technology《复合材料科学与技术》英国ISSN:0266-3538，1968年创刊，全年16期，Elsevier Science出版社，SCI、EI收录期刊，2000年SCI影响因子0.680，被引频次1628、年载文量218。

Alfa Laval Olmi 热交换器产品介绍说明书

Reliability at heart Dependable uptime is the key to profitability, and breakdowns in your processing plant’s core equipment can easily cost you millions in repairs and lost production.For us at Alfa Laval, the operational reliability of our products always comes first. We know that product quality is the result of knowledge, hard work and the right mindset. When you install one of our Alfa Laval Olmi heat exchangers you can rest assured that every detail meets your requirements and nothing has been left to chance.With Alfa Laval as your partner you discover that reliability means more than just product quality. It includes a strong personal commitment from all our staff to make sure you get the best possible assistance from the initial idea, through design and manufacturing, to commissioning and continuous service.Your business is a personal matter for us and you can be confidentapplications Alfa Laval Olmi heat exchangers are used in someof the most demanding positions in petrochemical plants, refineries, oil and gas production facilitiesand power stations around the world. Year after year these process-critical units continue to deliver high performance and stable operation.Know-how and experienceHaving produced heat exchangers for high-temperature and high-pressure applications for more than 80 years, we know how to design, manufacture, commission and service your next heat exchanger for maximum efficiency and reliability.Each Alfa Laval Olmi heat exchanger is custom made and draws on the full body of application knowledge that we have built over the decades. We makesure your heat exchanger provides low costs, great performance and a long service life by optimizing it according to your specific requirements and operating conditions.Built to lastThere is no margin for error when making equipment that will operate under extreme conditions. Small imperfections in a weld joint or the wrong choice of material can cause a disastrous breakdown in your plant.With our long application experience and highly developed quality system we know the pitfalls and how to avoid them. We have the expertise to design and manufacture according to a broad range of standards and always deliver the highest level of workmanship within the decided standard.OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION • Shell-and-tube heat exchangers for natural gascompression and oil treatmentAir cooled heat exchangers for:• Natural gas compression cooling in enhancedoil recovery processes (onshore and offshore)• Natural gas compression cooling in high-pressure gas transmission (onshore)• Shell-and-tube heat exchangers for high-pressure/high-temperature positions • Feed-effluent interchangers for hydro processing plants • Process gas boiler packages for hydrogen production • Special heat exchangers for hydrogen production • Air-cooled heat exchangers for reactors and column effluents • Quench coolers (TLEs, PQEs, SQEs, TQEs) forethylene plants• Urea strippers and carbamate condensers• Process gas boilers for ammonia, methanoland syngas plants, including steam drums,superheaters and feed water pre-heaters• High-pressure/high-temperature process shell-and-tube heat exchangers• High-pressure/high-temperature process aircooled heat exchangers• Melamine tubular reactors • Gas turbine once-through coolers • Steam generator packages for thermal solar plants • High-pressure feed water pre-heaters and steam drumsPOWER STATIONSto technology All Alfa Laval Olmi heat exchangers are unique. Eachone is the result of a close cooperation between ourdesign team and our customers’ engineers. ChoosingAlfa Laval gives you full access to our team of thermal, mechanical and metallurgical experts and all their application and design knowledge.World-leading engineering expertiseWith a full team of thermal and mechanical design experts on board, our engineering department can take on your most complex heat exchanger design challenges. Working together with our weldingand manufacturing experts, they push the design boundaries and come up with new, smart solutions that result in higher reliability and lower investment costs.Our in-house resources for computer simulations of fluid dynamics and mechanical strength (including creep, fatigue and stress analysis) let us maximize the performance and durability of each design while keeping size and weight at a minimum.MetallurgyChoosing the right materials for heat exchangers operating at high temperatures and pressures is essential for reliable operation. Choosing the most appropriate alloy greatly improves the life span and service intervals.Our engineers can advise you on the best materials to use based on your operating conditions and process media. They help you find the materials that offeran optimum balance between CAPEX and OPEX by performing a total-cost-of-ownership analysis.Good advice close at handOur technical expertise and long experience makeus your best partner and our engineers are ready toassist you from the earliest stages of your project.Whether you are planning a refurbishment, or agreen-field plant, we can advise you on thermal andmechanical design, maintenance issues, etc., whichcan save you both time and costs.Advancing welding and production technologyMuch of our engineering efforts go into improvingour own manufacturing techniques. We continuouslydevelop and invest in new production and testtechnology to keep our position at the forefront of theheat exchanger industry.Some recent examples include our hot wireTIG welding for narrow gaps, our pit for internalbore welding, our special ultrasonic probes, andinvestments in equipment for time of flight diffraction(TOFD).The design of our transfer line exchangers (TLEs) is a good example of how we create value for our customers through smart engineering. Alfa Laval Olmi TLEs have a patented design that makes them withstand the harsh conditions in quench cool-ing in ethylene plants much better than traditional TLEs.Air-cooled heat exchanger with bundles in duplex and alloy 6Mopartnerships With Alfa Laval as your partner you have our full commitment from the initial idea stage and throughout the entire lifetime of your heat exchanger. We make sure your order is executed smoothly and according to plan, from design to commissioning. After installation we help you with training, continuous service and good advice.On-time delivery and efficient project executionOur focus on reliability also applies to the way wemanage projects. On-time delivery and easy projectexecution for our customers are our first priorities,and we have a highly structured way of working toensure this. Our project management toolbox givesus full control over all aspects, including quality anddocumentation.Your contacts remain the same throughout the projectand each project has an appointed team consistingof a project manager, project engineer and a qualityengineer. The team supports you from start to finish,facilitating our cooperation and minimizing the timeyou need to spend on the project.Managing changesWe have a well-developed system that enables us to handle any changes that may be requested during project progress, ensuring maximum flexibility during the design and manufacturing stages.The project management organization handles any alterations you may have and make sure quality is maintained.Highest quality in every stepOur quality management system covers all aspects of our operations: design, incoming material, production, welding, sub-suppliers, etc. It is certified accordingto ISO 9001 and a range of other internationally recognized standards.We continuously add new methods and techniques to our quality control systems. One example is our ultrasonic test equipment that has been developedin-house. We use this for non-destructive examination of welds and to make sure there are no impurities, both in newly-built heat exchangers and when repairing older units.Following international codes and standardsAll our designs are in accordance with all leading international standards and codes. We have a close cooperation with ASME and take an active part in several of their committees.ServiceOur global network of local service technicians is ready to assist you on site whenever you need help. We service heat exchangers from all manufacturers, not only our own equipment. Our specialists can help with everything from audits and advice on maximizing your return on investment, to performing a full reconditioning on any type of shell-and-tube or air-cooled heat exchanger.We know the importance of keeping service stops short and our organization is both flexible and available at short notice. We have the capacity to perform complex, large-scale service work and always do our best to minimize plant downtime.By working closely with our customers, we can prepare for planned service stops well in advance to make sure work is executed efficiently in the shortest possible time.Our service offer includes:• Commissioning• Troubleshooting• Audits• Repairs and reconditioning, including advanced welding and post-welding heat treatments• Supervision, engineering and project management • All types of testing (ultrasonic, x-ray and gamma ray, hydro, pressure, dye penetrant, etc.)• Supply of material and spare parts• Supply of equipment required for the service• TrainingUsing our special NDE (non-destructive examination) technology we examine welds for imperfections on all heat exchangers that leave our factory. The same equipment is used for field service work.manufacturing All Alfa Laval Olmi heat exchangers are builtand thoroughly tested in our own workshopto ensure their quality. This gives us tightcontrol over the entire process from design toinstallation, and ensures the highest possibleproduct reliability.WeldingThe durability of a heat exchanger operating at extreme conditions is highly dependent on the quality of the welds. Even minor imperfections can cause breakdowns and costly service stops.Welding is a core competence for us and we regularly invest in staff training and certifications, as well as in new welding technology. All to maximize weld quality. Our welding engineers and welding coordinators are all EWE and EWT certified. Our welders are all EN and ASME certified and are experts in welding exotic materials and joining dissimilar materials.TestingWe perform rigorous pre-delivery testing on every heat exchanger that leaves our workshop. Our inspectors are certified to NDE Level II and III according to SNT TC1A and EN9712. We perform a range of non-destructive tests including ultrasonic NDE, x-ray and gamma ray tests, hydro tests, pressure tests using helium and dye penetrant tests.• 65,000 m2 (700,000 sq ft) workshop of which30,000 m2 (323,000 sq ft) covered• 900 m2 (9,700 sq ft) cleanroom for assembly, welding and testing of non-ferrous, high alloy metal equipment. This prevents iron and dust contamination• Three 50 tonne (110,000 lb) capacity overhead cranes, twenty15 – 20 tonne (33,000 – 44,000 lb) overhead cranes andtwentythree 10 – 14 tonne (22,000 – 31,000 lb) overhead cranes • 10 m (40 ft) deep welding pit for internal bore welding of vertically positioned components• 6 x 6 x 18 m (20 x 20 x 60 ft) furnace for heat treatment of complete heat exchangers• Bunker for x-ray and gamma ray testing• Cold rolling machine 60 x 4,000 mm (2.3 in x 157.4 in)• Precision drilling of tubesheets is performed in our CNC three-spindle drilling machines: max thickness 1,200 mm (47 in), max diameter 6,000 mm (236 in)• Vertical turning machine: max diameter 3,500 mm (137 in)• Manual and automatic welding machines: SAW, GTAW, SMAW, PAW, GMAW• Manual and automatic TIG hot wire welding machines• Welding machines for automatic orbital welding of tubes to tubesheet: internal bore welding, crevice free welding, strength welding• Electric resistance local heat treatment• Shot blasting, painting and flame metal coating facilities• Ultrasonic test equipment• Helium mass spectrometer equipment, magnetic particle die penetrant equipment• Finning department to manufacture embedded, extruded and L-footed fin tubes for air coolers•FMS for tubesheet machining11In our 900 m2 cleanroom we perform welding and testing of high-alloy equipment under dust-free conditions.。

金属材料工程英语

金属材料工程英语English:In the field of metal materials engineering, a deep understanding of the properties, processing methods, and applications of various metallic materials is essential. This understanding encompasses the mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of metals, as well as their behavior under different environmental conditions. Engineers in this field must be proficient in techniques such as alloying, heat treatment, and surface modification to tailor the properties of metals according to specific requirements. Additionally, they need to be well-versed in various testing and characterization methods to assess the quality and performance of metal components. Furthermore, advancements in metallurgical technologies, such as additive manufacturing and nanomaterial synthesis, have opened up new possibilities for designing and producing innovative metal products with enhanced properties and performance. A strong foundation in materials science and engineering principles combined with practical experience enables professionals in this field to contribute to diverse industries ranging from aerospace and automotive to electronics and renewable energy.中文翻译:在金属材料工程领域，对各种金属材料的性质、加工方法和应用有深入的了解至关重要。

介绍冶金工程专业的英文作文

介绍冶金工程专业的英文作文Metallurgical Engineering: A Cornerstone of Modern Society.Metallurgical engineering is a captivating field that encompasses the science, technology, and engineering of metals and their alloys. It delves into the extraction, purification, processing, and fabrication of these versatile materials that serve as the backbone of our modern world.Origins and History.The origins of metallurgical engineering can be traced back to ancient times, with evidence of metalworking in civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. Over the centuries, the understanding and application of metallurgy have evolved significantly, driven by technological advancements and industrial revolutions. In the 19th century, metallurgical engineering emerged as adistinct discipline, focusing on the scientific principles underlying the production and utilization of metals.Scope and Applications.The scope of metallurgical engineering is vast, covering a wide range of processes and applications. It encompasses:Extraction and Purification: Mining and refining of ores to extract valuable metals such as iron, aluminum, copper, and gold.Processing and Fabrication: Casting, rolling, forging, welding, and other techniques to shape and modify metals into desired forms.Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy: Study of the structure, properties, and behavior of metals and alloys.Corrosion and Protection: Understanding and mitigating the effects of corrosion on metal surfaces.Powder Metallurgy: Production of metal powders and their subsequent consolidation into solid parts.Composite Materials: Development and application of metal-based composites to enhance performance.Importance to Society.Metals and alloys are essential materials that underpin countless aspects of our daily lives. They are used in the construction of buildings and infrastructure, the manufacturing of vehicles and machinery, the production of electronics, and the generation of energy. The advancements made in metallurgical engineering have enabled us to create lighter, stronger, and more durable materials that meet the demanding requirements of modern society.Environmental Impact.Metallurgical engineering also plays a crucial role in addressing environmental concerns. The extraction,processing, and disposal of metals can have significant environmental impacts. Sustainable practices, such as recycling and the development of environmentally friendly production technologies, are at the forefront of research and innovation in the field.Education and Workforce.Metallurgical engineers are highly trained professionals with expertise in various scientific and technical disciplines, including chemistry, physics, materials science, and thermodynamics. They work in a wide range of industries, including mining, manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and construction.Conclusion.Metallurgical engineering is an essential field that has shaped human civilization for centuries. It continues to drive progress in industries across the globe, enabling the creation of innovative materials and technologies that improve our lives. As society faces challenges such assustainability and resource scarcity, metallurgical engineers will play a critical role in finding solutionsthat balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.。

机械活化黄铜矿浸出动力学研究

机械活化黄铜矿浸出动力学研究王兵;李育彪;张世鹏;罗立群【摘要】研究了机械活化对黄铜矿浸出率的影响并进行了动力学分析.利用X射线衍射仪、激光粒度分析仪测试了机械活化对黄铜矿晶体结构、粒度的影响.结果表明:机械活化可细化黄铜矿颗粒粒径、破坏黄铜矿晶粒完整性、降低黄铜矿活化能、提高黄铜矿反应活性.黄铜矿机械活化1h后,浸出活化能从29.27 kJ/mol降低至16.87 kJ/mol.当黄铜矿与氧化剂(NaClO2)共磨相同时间后,活化能降至12.31kJ/mol,黄铜矿反应模型从化学反应转变为扩散反应.%The effects of mechanical activation on chalcopyrite leaching and its kinetics were investigated in this study.The microstructure and particle size of chalcopyrite were modifiedvia mechanical activation.Specifically,the integrity of chalcopyrite crystal grains was disrupted and the grain size was refined.In addition,its reactivity was increased due to the decreased activation energy from 29.27 kJ/mol to 16.87 kJ/mol after 1hour's mechanical activation,which was further decreased to 12.31 kJ/mol when chalcopyrite was ground in the presenceof oxidant (NaC1O2).In addition,chalcopyrite leaching reaction was transformed from chemical reaction to diffusion reaction.【期刊名称】《中国矿业》【年(卷),期】2018(027)002【总页数】5页(P136-140)【关键词】黄铜矿;机械活化;浸出;活化能【作者】王兵;李育彪;张世鹏;罗立群【作者单位】武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430070;武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430070;武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430070;武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430070【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TF803.21黄铜矿是世界上最丰富和分布最广泛的含铜矿物[1]，约占全世界铜资源的70%[2]。

材料类期刊及影响因子

Nature自然31.434 Science科学28.103 Nature Material自然（材料）23.132 Nature Nanotechnology自然（纳米技术）20.571 Progress in Materials Science材料科学进展18.132 Nature Physics自然（物理）16.821 Progress in Polymer Science聚合物科学进展16.819 Surface Science Reports表面科学报告12.808Materials Science & Engineering R-reports 材料科学与工程报告12.619Angewandte Chemie-InternationalEdition应用化学国际版10.879 Nano Letters纳米快报10.371 Advanced Materials先进材料8.191Journal of the American ChemicalSociety美国化学会志8.091Annual Review of MaterialsResearch材料研究年度评论7.947 Physical Review Letters物理评论快报7.180 Advanced Functional Materials先进功能材料 6.808 Advances in Polymer Science聚合物科学发展 6.802 Biomaterials生物材料 6.646 Small微观？ 6.525Progress in Surface Science表面科学进展 5.429 Chemical Communications化学通信 5.34MRS Bulletin 材料研究学会（美国）公告5.290Chemistry of Materials材料化学 5.046 Advances in Catalysis先进催化 4.812 Journal of Materials Chemistry材料化学杂志 4.646 Carbon碳 4.373 Crystal Growth & Design晶体生长与设计 4.215 Electrochemistry Communications电化学通讯 4.194The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 物理化学杂志，B辑：材料、表面、界面与生物物理4.189Inorganic Chemistry有机化学 4.147 Langmuir朗缪尔 4.097 Physical Chemistry ChemicalPhysics物理化学 4.064 International Journal of Plasticity塑性国际杂志 3.875 Acta Materialia材料学报 3.729 Applied Physics Letters应用物理快报 3.726 Journal of power sources电源技术 3.477Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 固体力学与固体物理学杂志3.467International Materials Reviews国际材料评论 3.462 Nanotechnology纳米技术 3.446Journal of Applied Crystallography应用结晶学 3.212 Microscopy and Microanalysis 2.992Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science 固态和材料科学的动态2.976Scripta Materialia材料快报 2.887The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 物理化学杂志，A辑2.871Biometals生物金属 2.801 Ultramicroscopy超显微术 2.629 Microporous and MesoporousMaterials多孔和类孔材料 2.555Composites Science and Technology 复合材料科学与技术2.533Current Nanoscience当代纳米科学 2.437 Journal of the ElectrochemicalSociety电化学界 2.437 Solid State Ionics固体离子 2.425IEEE Journal of QuantumElectronics IEEE量子电子学杂志2.413Mechanics of Materials材料力学 2.374 Journal of nanoparticle research纳米颗粒研究 2.299 CORROSION SCIENCE腐蚀科学 2.293 Journal of Applied Physics应用物理杂志 2.201Journal of Biomaterials Science-Polymer Edition 生物材料科学—聚合物版2.158IEEE Transactions onNanotechnologyIEEE纳米学报 2.154Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 晶体生长和材料表征进展2.129Journal of Physics D-AppliedPhysics 物理杂志D——应用物理2.104Journal of the American CeramicSociety美国陶瓷学会杂志 2.101 Diamond and Related Materials金刚石及相关材料 2.092Journal of Chemical & EngineeringData 化学和工程资料杂志2.063Intermetallics金属间化合物 2.034 Electrochemical and Solid StateLetters固体电化学快报 2.001 Synthetic Metals合成金属 1.962Composites Part A-Applied Science and Manufacturing 复合材料A应用科学与制备1.951Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 纳米科学和纳米技术1.929Journal of Solid State Chemistry固体化学 1.91Journal of Physics: CondensedMatter 物理学学报：凝聚态物质1.9Urnal of Bioactive and CompatiblePolymer 生物活性与兼容性聚合物杂志1.896International Journal of Heat andMass Transfer传热与传质 1.894Applied Physics A-Materials Science& Processing 应用物理A－材料科学和进展1.884Thin Solid Films固体薄膜 1.884 Surface & Coatings Technology表面与涂层技术 1.860Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic and SupramolecularSystems 材料科学与工程C—仿生与超分子系统1.812Materials Research Bulletin材料研究公告 1.812 International Journal of Solids andStructures固体与结构 1.809Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials PropertiesMicrost 材料科学和工程A—结构材料的性能、组织与加工1.806Materials Chemistry and Physics材料化学与物理 1.799 Powder Technology粉末技术 1.766Materials Letters材料快报 1.748 Journal of Materials Research材料研究杂志 1.743 Smart Materials & Structures智能材料与结构 1.743 Solid State Sciences固体科学 1.742Polymer Testing聚合物测试 1.736 Nanoscale Research Letters纳米研究快报 1.731 Surface Science表面科学 1.731Optical Materials光学材料 1.714 International Journal of ThermalSciences热科学 1.683 Thermochimica Acta热化学学报 1.659Journal of BiomaterialsApplications生物材料应用杂志 1.635Journal of Thermal Analysis andCalorimetry1.63 Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry固体电化学杂志 1.597Journal of the European CeramicSociety欧洲陶瓷学会杂志 1.58Materials Science and Engineering B-Solid State Materials forAdvanced Tech 材料科学与工程B—先进技术用固体材料1.577Applied Surface Science应用表面科学 1.576 European Physical Journal B欧洲物理杂志B 1.568 Solid State Communications固体物理通信 1.557 International Journal of Fatigue疲劳国际杂志 1.556 Computational Materials Science计算材料科学 1.549 Cement and Concrete Research水泥与混凝土研究 1.549Philosophical Magazine Letters 哲学杂志（包括材料）1.548Current Applied Physics当代应用物理 1.526 Journal of Alloys and Compounds合金和化合物杂志 1.51 Wear磨损 1.509Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine 材料科学杂志—医用材料1.508Advanced Engineering Materials先进工程材料 1.506 Journal of Nuclear Materials核材料杂志 1.501 International Journal of AppliedCeramic Technology应用陶瓷技术 1.488Chemical Vapor Deposition化学气相沉积 1.483 COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING复合材料B工程 1.481 Composite Structures复合材料结构 1.454 Journal of Non-crystalline Solids非晶固体杂志 1.449Journal of Vacuum Science &Technology B 真空科学与技术杂志B1.445Semiconductor Science andTechnology半导体科学与技术 1.434Journal of SOL-GEL Science andTEchnology 溶胶凝胶科学与技术杂志1.433Science and Technology of Weldingand Joining焊接科学与技术 1.426Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgyand Material 冶金与材料会刊A——物理冶金和材料1.389Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 材料科学与工程中的建模与模拟1.388Philosophical Magazine A-Physics of Condensed Matter Structure Defects and Mechanical Properties 哲学杂志A凝聚态物质结构缺陷和机械性能物理1.384Philosophical Magazine哲学杂志 1.384 Ceramics International国际陶瓷 1.369 Oxidation of Metals材料氧化 1.359 Modern Physics Letters A现代物理快报A 1.334 Cement & Concrete Composites水泥与混凝土复合 1.312Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 智能材料系统与结构1.293Journal of Magnetism and MagneticMaterials 磁学与磁性材料杂志1.283Journal of Electronic Materials电子材料杂志 1.283 Surface and Interface Analysis表面与界面分析 1.272 Science and Technology ofAdvanced Materials 1.267Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 计算与理论纳米科学1.256IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING IEEE高级封装会刊1.253Materials Characterization材料表征 1.225International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials 耐火金属和硬质材料国际杂志1.221Physica Status solidi A-AppliedResearch 固态物理A——应用研究1.205PHASE TRANSITIONS相变 1.201 Journal of Thermal SprayTechnology热喷涂技术杂志 1.2International Journal ofNanotechnology纳米工程 1.184 Journal of Materials Science材料科学杂志 1.181Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A-VACUUM Surfacesand Films 真空科学与技术A真空表面和薄膜1.173PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASICRESEARCH固态物理B—基础 1.166MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING 半导体加工的材料科学1.158International Journal of Fracture断裂学报 1.147Journal of Materials ProcessingTechnology材料加工技术杂志 1.143 Metals and Materials International国际金属及材料 1.139IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONMAGNETICSIEEE磁学会刊 1.129 Vacuum真空 1.114 Journal of Applied Electrochemistry应用电化学 1.111 Materials & Design材料与设计 1.107JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS 固体物理与化学杂志1.103Journal of ExperimentalNanoscience实验纳米科学 1.103 POLYMER COMPOSITES聚合物复合材料 1.054（二）Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Electronics 材料科学杂志—电子材料1.054Journal of Composite Materials复合材料杂志 1.034Journal of the Ceramic Society ofJapan日本陶瓷学会杂志 1.023 JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS电子陶瓷杂志0.99ADVANCES IN POLYMERTECHNOLOGY聚合物技术发展0.979IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONCOMPONENTS AND PACKAGINGIEEE元件及封装0.968TECHNOLOGIES技术会刊Journal of Porous Materials多孔材料0.959IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTORMANUFACTURING IEEE半导体制造会刊0.957CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGMATERIALS结构与建筑材料0.947Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-Transactions ofThe ASME 工程材料与技术杂志—美国机械工程师学会会刊0.938FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS &STRUCTURES 工程材料与结构的疲劳与断裂0.934IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IEEE应用超导性会刊0.919ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL 美国混凝土学会结构杂志0.895Materials Science and Technology材料科学与技术0.894 Materials and Structures材料与结构0.892 Reviews on Advanced MaterialsScience先进材料科学评论0.891International Journal ofThermophysics热物理学国际杂志0.889JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 粘着科学与技术杂志0.869Journal of Materials Science &Technology 材料科学与技术杂志0.869High Performance Polymers高性能聚合物0.86 BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE材料科学公告0.858Mechanics of Advanced Materialsand Structures 先进材料结构和力学0.857PHYSICA B物理B0.822EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS 欧洲物理杂志—应用物理0.822CORROSION腐蚀0.821 International Journal of MaterialsResearch材料研究杂志0.819JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVEEVALUATION无损检测杂志0.808METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS 冶金和材料会刊B—制备冶金和材料制备科学0.798Materials Transactions材料会刊0.753 Aerospace Science and Technology航空科学技术0.74 Journal of Energetic Materials金属学杂志0.723 Advanced Powder Technology先进粉末技术0.716 Applied Composite Materials应用复合材料0.712 Advances in Applied Ceramics先进应用陶瓷0.708Materials and ManufacturingProcesses材料与制造工艺0.706 Composite Interfaces复合材料界面0.69 JOURNAL OF ADHESION粘着杂志0.685INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFTHEORETICAL PHYSICS理论物理国际杂志0.675JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS 电化学系统新材料杂志0.67Journal of Thermophysics and HeatTransfer热物理与热传递0.647Materials and Corrosion-WerkstoffeUnd Korrosion材料与腐蚀0.639RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVEEVALUATION无损检测研究0.630JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN 计算机辅助材料设计杂志0.605JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES 增强塑料和复合材料杂志0.573ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL 美国混凝土学会材料杂志0.568SEMICONDUCTORS半导体0.565 FERROELECTRICS铁电材料0.562INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B 现代物理国际杂志B0.558MATERIALS RESEARCHINNOVATIONS材料研究创新0.54 GLASS TECHNOLOGY -PART A玻璃技术0.529JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVILENGINEERING土木工程材料杂志0.526NEW DIAMOND AND FRONTIER CARBON TECHNOLOGY 新型金刚石和前沿碳技术0.500SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 中国科学E技术科学0.495ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS雾化和喷涂0.494 SYNTHESE合成0.477 HIGH TEMPERATURE高温0.469Journal of Phase Equilibria andDiffusion相平衡与扩散0.457 INORGANIC MATERIALS无机材料0.455MECHANICS OF COMPOSITEMATERIALS复合材料力学0.453BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS ANDENGINEERING 生物医用材料与工程0.446PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OFGLASSES玻璃物理与化学0.429JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALSSCIENCE EDITION 武汉理工大学学报-材料科学版0.424ADVANCED COMPOSITEMATERIALS先进复合材料0.404Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 材料工程与性能杂志0.403Solid State Technology固体物理技术0.400FERROELECTRICS LETTERSSECTION铁电材料快报0.375 JOURNAL OF POLYMER MATERIALS聚合物材料杂志0.373JOURNAL OF INORGANICMATERIALS无机材料杂志0.37GLASS SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY-GLASTECHNISCHEBERICHTE玻璃科学与技术0.365POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES 聚合物与聚合物复合材料0.355Surface Engineering表面工程0.354 RARE METALS稀有金属0.347 HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALPROCESSES高温材料加工0.34JOURNAL OF TESTING ANDEVALUATION测试及评价杂志0.324AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETYBULLETIN美国陶瓷学会公告0.324MATERIALS AT HIGHTEMPERATURES高温材料0.323MAGAZINE OF CONCRETERESEARCH混凝土研究杂志0.315 SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS表面评论与快报0.309Journal of Ceramic ProcessingResearch陶瓷处理研究0.294JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES A-SOLID MECHANICS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERIN 日本机械工程学会国际杂志系列A－固体力学与材料工程0.291MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY材料技术0.288 ADVANCED COMPOSITES LETTERS先进复合材料快报0.27 HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALSAND PROCESSES高温材料和加工0.268 INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS集成铁电材料0.242 MATERIALS SCIENCE材料科学0.226 MATERIALS EVALUATION材料评价0.21POWDER METALLURGY AND METALCERAMICS 粉末冶金及金属陶瓷0.201RARE METAL MATERIALS ANDENGINEERING 稀有金属材料与工程0.162INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCTTECHNOLOGY 材料与生产技术国际杂志0.157METAL SCIENCE AND HEATTREATMENT金属科学及热处理0.157JOURNAL OF ADVANCEDMATERIALS先进材料杂志0.14ADVANCED MATERIALS &PROCESSES先进材料及工艺0.129 MATERIALS WORLD材料世界0.122SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 复合材料科学与工程0.098MATERIALS PERFORMANCE材料性能0.074。

材料期刊排名

材料期刊排名〈http：//lysheng。

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html>Nature 自然31.434Science 科学28.103Nature Material 自然（材料）23.132Nature Nanotechnology 自然（纳米技术）20。

571 Progress in Materials Science 材料科学进展18。

132 Nature Physics 自然（物理）16。

821Progress in Polymer Science 聚合物科学进展16.819 Surface Science Reports 表面科学报告12.808Materials Science&Engineering R-reports 材料科学与工程报告12。

619Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 应用化学国际版10。

879Nano Letters 纳米快报10。

371Advanced Materials 先进材料8.191Journal of the American Chemical Society 美国化学会志8。

091Annual Review of Materials Research 材料研究年度评论7.947Physical Review Letters 物理评论快报7.180Advanced Functional Materials 先进功能材料6.808 Advances in Polymer Science 聚合物科学发展6。

802 Biomaterials 生物材料6.646Small 微观? 6.525Progress in Surface Science 表面科学进展5。

429 Chemical Communications 化学通信5。

34MRS Bulletin 材料研究学会（美国)公告5.290Chemistry of Materials 材料化学5。

钢铁冶金专业英语

专业英语词汇目录1 总论 02 采矿 (2)3 选矿 (3)4 冶金过程物理化学 (5)4.1 冶金过程热力学 (5)4.2 冶金过程动力学 (8)4.3 冶金电化学 (9)4.4 冶金物理化学研究方法 (10)5 钢铁冶金 (10)5.1 炼焦 (10)5.2 耐火材料 (11)5.3 碳素材料 (14)5.4 铁合金 (14)5.5 烧结与球团 (15)5.6 高炉炼铁 (17)5.7 炼钢 (20)5.8 精炼、浇铸及缺陷 (24)6 钢铁材料 (28)7 英译汉 (29)1总论采矿mining地下采矿underground mining露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining采矿工程mining engineering选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing矿物工程mineral engineering冶金（学）metallurgy 过程冶金（学）process metallurgy提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy物理冶金（学）physical metallurgy金属学Metallkunde冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering冶金工程metallurgical engineering钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel有色冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy铸造学foundry火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy电冶金(学)electrometallurgy氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources 中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals 中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China2 采矿采矿工艺mining technology有用矿物valuable mineral冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials矿床mineral deposit特殊采矿specialized mining海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining矿田mine field矿山mine露天矿山surface mine地下矿山underground mine矿井shaft矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study矿山规模mine capacity矿山生产能力mine production capacity矿山年产量annual mine output矿山服务年限mine life矿山基本建设mine construction矿山建设期限mine construction period矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity开采强度mining intensity矿石回收率ore recovery ratio矿石损失率ore loss ratio工业矿石industrial ore采出矿石extracted ore矿体orebody矿脉vein海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources矿石ore矿石品位ore grade岩石力学rock mechanics岩体力学rock mass mechanics3 选矿选矿厂concentrator, mineral processing plant 工艺矿物学process mineralogy开路open circuit闭路closed circuit流程flowsheet方框流程block flowsheet产率yield回收率recovery矿物mineral粒度particle size粗颗粒coarse particle 细颗粒fine particle超微颗粒ultrafine particle粗粒级coarse fraction细粒级fine fraction网目mesh原矿run of mine, crude精矿concentrate粗精矿rough concentrate混合精矿bulk concentrate最终精矿final concentrate尾矿tailings粉碎comminution破碎crushing磨碎grinding团聚agglomeration筛分screening, sieving分级classification富集concentration分选separation手选hand sorting重选gravity separation, gravity concentration 磁选magnetic separation电选electrostatic separation浮选flotation化学选矿chemical mineral processing 自然铜native copper铝土矿bauxite冰晶石cryolite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite假象赤铁矿martite钒钛磁铁矿vanadium titano-magnetite 铁燧石taconite褐铁矿limonite菱铁矿siderite镜铁矿specularite硬锰矿psilomelane软锰矿pyrolusite铬铁矿chromite黄铁矿pyrite钛铁矿ilmennite金红石rutile萤石fluorite高岭石kaolinite菱镁矿magnesite重晶石barite 石墨graphite石英quartz方解石calcite石灰石limestone白云石dolomite云母mica石膏gypsum硼砂borax石棉asbestos蛇纹石serpentine阶段破碎stage crushing 粗碎primary crushing中碎secondary crushing 细碎fine crushing对辊破碎机roll crusher 粉磨机pulverizer震动筛vibrating screen 筛网screen cloth筛孔screen opening筛上料oversize筛下料undersize粗磨coarse grinding细磨fine grinding球磨机ball mill衬板liner分级机classifier自由沉降free setting沉积sedimentation石灰lime松油pine oil硫化钠sodium sulfide硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodium silicate, water glass 过滤filtration过滤机filter给矿，给料feeding给矿机feeder在线分析仪on line analyzer在线粒度分析仪on line size analyzer超声粒度计ultrasonic particle sizer, supersonic particle sizer4 冶金过程物理化学4.1 冶金过程热力学冶金过程热力学thermodynamics of metallurgical processes统计热力学statistical thermodynamics不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes化学热力学chemical thernodynamics表面热力学surface thermodynamics合金热力学thermodynamics of alloys冶金热力学数据库thermodynamics databank in metallurgy系system单元系single-componentsystem多元系multicomponent system均相系统homogeneous system广度性质extensive property强度性质intensive property过程process等温过程isothermal process等压过程isobaric process等容过程isochoric process绝热过程adiabatic process可逆过程reversible process不可逆过程irreversible process自发过程spontaneous process自理过程physical process化学过程chemical process冶金过程metallurgical process化学反应chemical reaction化合反应combination reaction分解反应decomposition reaction置换反应displacement reaction可逆反应reversible reaction不可逆反应irreversible reaction电化学反应electrochemical reaction 多相反应multiphase reaction固态反应solid state reaction气一金(属)反应gas-metal reaction渣一金（属）反应slag-metal reaction 平衡equilibrium化学平衡chemical equilibrium相平衡phase equilibrium热力学平衡thermodynamic equilibrium 亚稳平衡metastable equilibrium热力学函数thermodynamic function偏摩尔量partial molar quantity总摩尔量integral molar quantity标准态standard state焓enthalpy生成焓enthalpy of formation反应焓enthalpy of reaction 熵entropy吉布斯能Gibbs energy生成吉布斯能Gibbs energy of formation反应吉布斯能Gibbs energy of reaction溶解吉布斯能Gibbs energy of solution吉布斯能函数Gibbs energy function化学位chemical potential热化学thermochemistry热效应heat effect热容heat capacity熔化热heat of fusion汽化热heat of vaporization升华热heat of sublimation相变热heat of phase transformation放热反应exothermic reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction赫斯定律Hess’s law相律phase rule相图phase diagram一元相图single-component phase diagram 二元相图binary-component phase diagram 三元相图ternary-component phase diagram 液相线liquidus固相线solidus共晶点eutectic point杠杆规则lever rule溶液solution溶质solute溶剂solvent固溶体solid solution溶液浓度concentration of solution摩尔分数mole fraction冶金熔体metallurgical melt金属熔体metal melt(炉)渣,熔渣slag熔盐molten salt, fused salt理想溶液ideal solution真实溶液real solution正规溶液regular solution活度activity活度系数activity coefficient拉乌尔定律Raoult’s law亨利定律Henry’s law纯物质标准态pure substance standard质量１％溶液标准(态)1 mass% solution standard 无限稀溶液参考态reference state of infinityly dilute solution相互作用系数interaction coefficient化学反应等温式chemical reaction isotherm吉布斯～亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmholtz equation质量作用定律law of mass action平衡常数equilibrium constant平衡值equilibrium value直接还原direct reduction间接还原indirect reduction金属热还原metallothermic reduction选择性氧化selective oxidation渣碱度basicity of slag光学破度optical basicity酸性氧化物acid oxide碱性氧化物basicoxide两性氧化物amphoteric泡沫渣foaming slag熔渣的分子理论molecular theory of slag熔渣的离子理论ionization theory of slag脱氧平衡deoxidation equilibrium脱氧常数deoxidation constant熔渣脱硫desulfurization by slag气态脱硫desulfurization in the gaseous state 硫分配比sulfur partition ratio硫化物容量sulfide capacity氧化脱磷dephosphorization under oxidizing atmosphere磷分配比碳一氧平衡carbon-oxygen equilibrium真空脱碳vacuum decarburization去气degassing去除非金属夹杂(物)elimination of nonmetallic inclusion非金属夹杂(物)变形form modification of nonmetallic inclusion脱硅desiliconization脱锰demanganization分配平衡distribution law化学气相沉积chemical vapor deposition(CVD)4.2 冶金过程动力学微观动力学microkinetics化学动力学chemical kinetics反应途径reaction path反应机理reaction mechanism基元反应elementary reaction 平行反应parallel链反应chain reaction总反应overall reaction反应速率reaction rate反应速率常数reaction rate constant反应级数reaction order零级反应zero order reaction一级反应first order reaction二级反应second order reactionn级反应nth order reaction碰撞理论collision theory活化能activation energy表现活化能apparent activation energy阿伦尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation半衰期half-life宏观动力学macrokinetics冶金过程动力学kinetics of metallurgical process传输现象transport phenomena传质mass transfer传热heat transfer动量传输momentum transfer层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow气泡gas bubble鼓泡bubbling射流jet液滴liquid droplet粘度viscosity边界层boundary layer流率flow rate通量flux扩散diffusion菲克第一扩散定律Fick’s 1st law of diffusion 菲克第一扩散定律Fick’s 2nd law of diffusion 扩散系数diffusion coefficient传质系数mass transfer coefficient热传导heat conduction热对流heat convection自然对流natural convection强制对流forced convection热辐射heat radiation导热率thermal conductivity传热系数heat transfer coefficient体内浓度bulk concentration未反应核模型unreacted core model 扩散控制反应diffusion-controlled reaction 化学控制反应chenical-controlled reaction 混合控制反应mixed-controlled reaction 相似原理priciple of similarity雷诺数Reynolds number固定床fiexed bed填充床packed bed移动床moving bed流态化床fluidized bed混合时间mixing time停留时间residence time, retention time 催化catalysis催化剂catalyst表面能surface energy表面张力surface tension界面能interfacial energy界面张力interfacial tension润湿wetting表面活性物质surface-active substance 吸收absorption吸附absorption4.3 冶金电化学冶金电化学metallurgical electrochemistry熔盐电化学electrochemistry of fused salts固态离子学solid state ionics电解质溶液electrolyte solution阳离子cation阴离子anion电导conductance电导率conductivity电阻resistance电极electrode阴极cathode阳极anode电镀electroplating固体电解质solid electrolyte稳定的氧化锆stablized zirconia氧传感器oxygen sensor硅传感器silicon sensor定氧测头oxygen probe定硅测头silicon probe4.4 冶金物理化学研究方法冶金物理化学研究方法research methods in metallurgical physicalchemistry热电偶thermocouple 量热计calorimeter热太平thermobalance热分析thermal analysis差热分析differential thermal analysis,DTA热重法thermogravimetry分子筛molecular sieve5 钢铁冶金5.1 炼焦炼焦coking高温炭化high temperature carbonization塑性成焦机理plastic mechanism of coke formation中间相成焦机理mesophase mechanism of coke formation选煤coal preparation, coal washing配煤coal blending配煤试验coal blending test炼焦煤coking coal气煤gas coal肥煤fat coal瘦煤lean coal焦炉coke oven焦化室oven chamber焦饼coke cake结焦时间coking time周转时间cycle time装煤coal charging捣固装煤stamp charging推焦coke pushing焦炭熄火coke quenching干法熄焦dry quenching of coke焦台coke wharf装煤车larry car推焦机pushing machine拦焦机coke guide熄焦车quenching car焦炉焖炉banking for coke oven焦炭coke冶金焦metallurgical coke铸造焦foundry coke焦炭工业分析proximate analysis of coke 焦炭元素分析ultimate analysis of coke 焦炭落下指数shatter index of coke焦炭转鼓指数drum index of coke焦炭热强度hot strength of coke焦炭反应性coke reactivity 焦炭反应后强度post-reaction strength of coke 焦炭显微强度microstrength of coke焦炉煤气coke oven gas发热值calorific value煤焦油coal tar粗苯crude benzol苯benzene甲苯toluene二甲苯xylene苯并呋喃-茚树脂coumarone-indene resin精萘refined naphthalene精蒽refined anthracene煤[焦油]沥青coal tar pitch沥青焦pitch coke针状焦needle coke型焦formcoke5.2 耐火材料耐火材料refractory materials耐火粘土fireclay高岭土kaolin硬质粘土flint clay轻质粘土soft clay陶土pot clay蒙脱石montmorillonite叶蜡石pyrophyllite膨润土bentonite鳞石英tridymite方石英cristobalite砂岩sandstone耐火石firestone莫来石mullite氧化铝alumina烧结氧化铝sintered alumina电熔氧化铝fused alumina刚玉corundum红柱石andalusite蓝晶石kyanite,cyanite硅线石sillimanite橄榄石olivine方镁石periclase镁砂magnesia合成镁砂synthetic sintered magnesia电熔镁砂fused magnesia烧结白云石砂sintered dolomite clinker合成镁铬砂synthetic magnesia chromite clinker 尖晶石spinel 镁铬尖晶石magnesia chrome spinel,magnesiochromite硅藻土diatomaceous earth, infusorial earth蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩perlite碳化硅silicon carbide氮化硅silicon nitride氮化硼boron nitride粘土熟料chamotte熟料grog轻烧light burning,soft burning死烧dead burning,hard burning成型模注shaping moulding机压成型mechanical pressing等静压成型isostatic pressing摩擦压砖机friction press液压压砖机hydraulic press捣打成型ramming process熔铸成型fusion cast process砖坯强度green strength,dry strength隧道窑tunnel kiln回转窑rotary kiln倒焰窑down draught kiln耐火砖refractory brick标准型耐火砖standard size refractory brick 泡砂石quartzite sandstone酸性耐火材料acid refractory [material]硅质耐火材料siliceous refractory [material] 硅砖silica brick,dinas brick熔融石英制品fused quartz product硅酸铝质耐火材料aluminosillicate refractory 半硅砖semisilica brick粘土砖fireclay brick,chamotte brick石墨粘土砖graphite clay brick高铝砖high alumina brick硅线石砖sillimanite brick莫来石砖mullite brick刚玉砖corundum brick铝铬砖alumina chrome brick熔铸砖fused cast brick碱性耐火材料basic refractory [material]镁质耐火材料magnesia refractory [material] 镁砖magnesia brick镁铝砖magnesia alumina brick镁铬砖magnesia chrome brick镁炭砖magnesia carbon brick 中性耐火材料neutral refractory [material]复合砖composite brick铝炭砖alumina carbon brick铝镁炭转alumina magnesia brick锆炭砖zirconia graphite brick镁钙炭砖magnesia clacia carbon brick长水口long nozzle浸入式水口immersion nozzle,submerged nozzle定径水口metering nozzle氧化铝-碳化硅-炭砖Al2O3-SiC-C brick透气砖gas permeable brick,porous brick滑动水口slide gate nozzle水口砖nozzle brick塞头砖stopper绝热耐火材料insulating refractory轻质耐火材料light weight refractory袖砖sleeve brick格子砖checker brick,chequer brick陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber耐火纤维refractory fiber耐火浇注料refractory castable耐火混凝土refractory concrete荷重耐火性refractoriness under load抗渣性slagging resistance耐磨损性abrasion resistance5.3 碳素材料[含]碳[元]素材料carbon materials无定形碳amorphous carbon金刚石diamond炭相[学]carbon micrography炭黑carbon black石油沥青petroleum pitch石油焦炭petroleum coke石墨化graphitization石墨化电阻炉electric resistance furnace for graphitization石墨纯净化处理purification treatment of graphite炭砖carbon brick炭块carbon block碳化硅基炭块SiC-based carbon block炭电极carbon electrode连续自焙电极Soderberg electrode石墨电极graphite electrode超高功率石墨电极ultra-high power graphite electrode石墨电极接头graphite electrode nipple石墨电极接头孔graphite electrode socket plug 电极糊electrode paste石墨坩埚graphite crucible石墨电阻棒graphite rod resistor炭刷carbon brush高纯石墨high purity graphite5.4 铁合金铁合金ferroalloy硅铁ferrosilicon硅钙calcium silicon金属硅silicon metal锰铁ferromangnanese低碳锰铁low carbon ferromanganese硅锰silicomanganese金属锰manganese metal铬铁ferrochromium低碳铬铁low carbon ferrochromium微碳铬铁extra low carbon ferrochromium硅铬silicochromium金属铬chromium metal钨铁ferrotunsten钼铁ferromolybdenum钛铁ferrotitanium硼铁ferroboron铌铁ferroniobium磷铁ferrophosphorus镍铁ferronickel锆铁ferrozirconium硅锆silicozirconium稀土硅铁rare earth ferrosilicon稀土镁硅铁rare earth ferrosilicomagnesium成核剂nucleater孕育剂incubater,inoculant球化剂nodulizer蠕化剂vermiculizer中间铁合金master alloy复合铁合金complex ferroalloy电碳热法electro-carbothermic process电硅热法electro-silicothermic process铝热法aluminothermic process,thermit process 电铝热法electro-aluminothermic process开弧炉open arc furnace埋弧炉submerged arc furnace半封闭炉semiclosed furnace 封闭炉closed furnace矮烟罩电炉electric furnace with low hood 矮炉身电炉low-shaft electric furnace5.5 烧结与球团人造块矿ore agglomerates烧结矿sinter压块矿briquette球团[矿] pellet针铁矿goethite自熔性铁矿self-fluxed iron ore复合铁矿complex iron ore块矿lump ore粉矿ore fines矿石混匀ore blending配矿ore proportioning矿石整粒ore size grading返矿return fines储矿场ore stockyard矿石堆料机ore stocker匀矿取料机ore reclaimer熔剂flux消石灰slaked lime活性石灰quickened lime有机粘结剂organic binder烧结混合料sinter mixture烧结铺底料hearth layer for sinter烧结sintering烧结热前沿heat front in sintering烧结火焰前沿flame front in sintering渣相粘结slag bonding扩散粘结diffusion bonding带式烧结机Dwight-Lloyd sintering machine环式烧结机circular travelling sintering machine 烧结梭式布料机shuttle conveyer belt烧结点火料sintering ignition furnace烧结盘sintering pan烧结锅sintering pot烧结冷却机sinter cooler带式冷却机straight-line cooler环式冷却机circular cooler,annular cooler生球green pellet,ball生球长大聚合机理ball growth by coalescence 生球长大成层机理ball growth by layering生球长大同化机理ball growth by assimilation 精矿成球指数balling index for iron ore concentrates 生球转鼓强度drum strength of green pellet生球落下强度shatter strength of green pellet 生球抗压强度compression strength of green pellet生球爆裂温度cracking temperature of green pellet圆筒造球机balling drum圆盘造球机balling disc竖炉陪烧球团shaft furnace for pellet firing带式机陪烧球团traveling grate for pellet firing 链算机-回转窑陪烧球团grate-kiln for pellet firing环式机陪烧球团circular gates for pellet firing冷固结球团cold bound pellet维式体wustite铁橄榄石fayalite铁尖晶石hercynite铁黄长石ferrogehlenite铁酸半钙calcium diferrite铁酸钙calcium ferrite铁酸二钙dicalcium ferrite锰铁橄榄石knebelite钙铁橄榄石kirschsteinite钙铁辉石hedenbergite钙铁榴石andradite钙长石anorthite钙镁橄榄石monticellite钙钛矿perovskite硅灰石wollastonite硅酸二钙dicalcium silicate硅酸三钙tricalcium silicate镁橄榄石forsterite镁黄长石akermanite镁蔷薇辉石manganolite钙铝黄长石gehlenite钛辉石titanaugite枪晶石cuspidine预还原球团pre-reduced pellet金属化球团metallized pellet转鼓试验drum test,tumbler test落下试验shatter test5.6 高炉炼铁炼铁iron making高炉炼铁[法] blast furnace process 高炉blast furnace鼓风炉blast furnace 炉料charge, burden矿料ore charge焦料coke charge炉料提升charge hoisting小车上料charge hoisting by skip吊罐上料charge hoisting by bucket皮带上料charge hoisting by belt conveyer 装料charging装料顺序charging sequence储料漏斗hopper双料钟式装料two-bells system charging 无料钟装料bell-less charging布料器distributor炉内料线stock line in the furnace探料尺gauge rod利用系数utilization coefficient冶炼强度combustion intensity鼓风blast风压blast pressure风温blast temperature鼓风量blast volume鼓风湿度blast humidity全风量操作full blast慢风under blowing休风delay喷吹燃料fuel injection喷煤coal injection喷油oil injection富氧鼓风oxygen enriched blast,oxygen enrichment置换比replacement ratio喷射器injector热补偿thermal compensation焦比coke ratio,coke rate燃料比fuel ratio,fuel rate氧化带oxidizing zone风口循环区raceway蒸汽鼓风humidified blast混合喷吹mixed injection脱湿鼓风dehumidified blast炉内压差pressure drop in furnace煤气分布gas distribution煤气利用率gas utilization rate炉况furnace condition顺行smooth running焦炭负荷coke load,ore to coke ratio 软熔带cohesive zone,softening zone渣比slag to iron ratio,slag ratio上部[炉料]调节burden conditioning下部[鼓风]调节blast conditioning高炉作业率operation rate of blast furnace 休风率delay ratio高炉寿命blast furnace campaign悬料hanging崩料slip沟流channeling结瘤scaffolding炉缸冻结hearth freeze-up开炉blow on停炉blow off积铁salamander炉型profile,furnace lines炉喉throat炉身shaft,stack炉腰belly炉腹bosh炉缸hearth炉底bottom炉腹角bosh angle炉身角stack angle有效容积effective volume工作容积working bolume铁口iron notch, slag notch 渣口cinder notch, slag notch 风口tuyere窥视孔peep hole风口水套tuyere cooler渣口水套slag notch cooler 风口弯头tuyere stock热风围管bustle pipe堵渣机stopper泥炮mud gun,clay gun开铁口机iron notch drill铁水hot metal铁[水]罐iron ladle鱼雷车torpedo car主铁沟sow出铁沟casting house铁沟iron runner渣沟slag runner渣罐cinder ladle, slag ladle 撇渣器skimmer 冷却水箱cooling plate冷却壁cooling stave汽化冷却vaporization cooling热风炉hot blast stove燃烧室combustion chamber燃烧器burner热风阀hot blast valve烟道阀chimney valve冷风阀cold blast valve助燃风机burner blower切断阀burner shut-off valve旁通阀by-pass valve混风阀mixer selector valve送风期on blast of stove,on blast燃烧期on gas of stove, on gas换炉stove changing放散阀blow off valve内燃式热风炉Cowper stove外燃式燃烧炉outside combustion stove 顶燃式热风炉top combustion stove炉顶放散阀bleeding valve放散管bleeder上升管gas uptake放风阀snorting valve均压阀equalizing valve高压调节阀septum valve炉顶高压elevated top pressure铸铁机pig-casting machine铸铁模pig mold冲天炉cupola水渣granulating slag水渣池granulating pit渣场slag disposal pit高炉煤气top gas,blast furnace gas高炉煤气回收topgas recovery,TGR非焦炭炼铁non-coke iron making直接还原炼铁[法]direct reduction iron making 直接还原铁directly reduced iron,DRI竖炉直接炼铁direct reduction in shaft furnace 流态化炼铁fluidized-bed iron making转底炉炼铁rotary hearth iron making米德雷克斯直接炼铁[法]Midrex processHYL直接炼铁[法] HYL process克虏伯回转窑炼铁[法] Krupp rotary kiln iron-making熔态还原smelting reduction 铁溶法iron-bath process科雷克斯法COREX process生铁pig iron海绵铁sponge iron镜铁spiegel iron清铁法H-rion process5.7 炼钢钢steel炼钢steelmaking钢水liquid steel,molten steel钢semisteel沸腾钢rimming steel,rimmed steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semikilled steel压盖沸腾钢capped steel坩埚炼钢法crucible steelmaking双联炼钢法duplex steelmaking process连续炼钢法continuous steelmaking process 直接炼钢法direct steelmaking process混铁炉hot metal machine装料机charging machine装料期charging machine加热期heating period熔化期melting period造渣期slag forming period精炼期refining period熔清melting down脱氧deoxidation预脱氧preliminary dexidation 还原渣reducing slag酸性渣acid slag碱性渣basic slag脱碳decarburization增碳recarburization脱磷dephosphorization回磷rephosphorization脱硫desulfurization回硫resulfurization脱氮denitrogenation过氧化overoxidation出钢tapping冶炼时间duration of heat出钢样tapping sample浇铸样casting sample不合格炉次off heat熔炼损耗melting loss 铁损iron loss废钢scrap废钢打包baling of scrap造渣材料slag making materials 添加剂addition reagent脱氧剂deoxidizer脱硫剂desulfurizer冷却剂coolant回炉渣return slag喷枪lance浸入式喷枪submerged lance 钢包ladle出钢口top hole出钢槽pouring lining炉顶furnace roof炉衬furnace lining炉衬侵蚀lining erosion渣线slag line炉衬寿命lining life分区砌砖zoned lining补炉fettling热修hot repair喷补gunning火焰喷补flame gunning转炉converter转炉炼钢converter steelmaking底吹转炉bottom-blown converter酸性空气底吹转炉air bottom-blown acid converter碱性空气底吹转炉air bottom-blown basic converter侧吹转炉side-blown converter卡尔多转炉Kaldo converter氧气炼铁oxygen steelmaking氧气顶吹转炉top-blown oxygen converter,LI converter氧气底吹转炉bottom-blown oxygen converter quiet basic oxygen furnace,QBOF顶底复吹转炉top and bottom combined blown converter喷石灰粉顶吹氧气转炉法oxygen lime process 底吹煤氧的复合吹炼法Klockner-Maxhutte steelmaking process,KMS住友复合吹炼法Sumitomo top and bottom blowing process,STBLBE复吹法lance bubbling equilibrium process,LBE顶枪喷煤粉炼钢法Arved lance carbon injection process,ALCI蒂森复合吹炼法Thyssen Blassen Metallurgical process,TBM面吹surface blow软吹soft blow硬吹hard blow补吹reblow过吹overblow后吹after blow目标碳aim carbon终点碳end point carbon高拉碳操作catch carbon practice增碳操作recarburization practice单渣操作single-slag operation双渣操作double-slag operation渣乳化slag emulsion二次燃烧postcombustion吹氧时间oxygen blow duration吹炼终点blow end point倒炉turning down喷渣slopping喷溅spitting静态控制static control动态控制dynamic control氧枪oxygen lance氧枪喷孔nozzle of oxygen lance多孔喷枪multi-nozzle lance转炉炉体converter body炉帽upper cone炉口mouth,lip ring装料大面impact pad活动炉底removable bottom顶吹氧枪top blow oxygen lance副枪sublance多孔砖nozzle brick单环缝喷嘴single annular tuyere双环缝喷嘴double annular tuyere挡渣器slag stopper挡渣塞floating plug电磁测渣器electromagnetic slag detector 废气控制系统off gas control system,OGCS 平炉open-hearth furnace平炉炼钢open-hearth steelmaking冷装法cold charge practice 热装法hot charge practice碳沸腾carbon boil石灰沸腾lime boil炉底沸腾bottom boil再沸腾reboil有效炉底面积effective hearth area酸性平炉acid open-hearth furnace碱性平炉basic open-hearth furnace固定式平炉stationary open-hearth furnace倾动式平炉tilting open-hearth furnace双床平炉twin-hearth furnace顶吹氧气平炉open-hearth furnace with roof oxygen lance蓄热室regenerator沉渣室slag pocket电炉炼钢electric steelmaking电弧炉electric arc furnace超高功率电弧炉ultra-high power electric arc furnace直流电弧炉direct current electric arc furnace 双电极直流电弧炉double electrode direct current arc furnace竖窑式电弧炉shaft arc furnace电阻炉electric resistance furnace工频感应炉line frequency induction furnace中频感应炉medium frequency induction furnace高频感应炉high frequency induction furnace电渣重熔electroslag remelting,ESR电渣熔铸electroslag casting,ESC电渣浇注Bohler electroslag tapping,BEST真空电弧炉重熔vacuum arc remelting,VAR真空感应炉熔炼vacuum induction melting,VIM 电子束炉重熔electron beam remelting,EBR等离子炉重炼plasma-arc remelting,PAR水冷模电弧熔炼cold-mold arc melting等离子感应炉熔炼plasma induction melting,PIM等离子连续铸锭plasma progressive casting,PPC等离子凝壳铸造plasma skull casting,PSC能量优化炼钢炉energy optimizing furnace,EOF 氧燃喷嘴oxygen-fuel burner氧煤助熔accelerated melting by coal-oxygen burner氧化期oxidation period 还原期reduction period长弧泡沫渣操作弧长控制long arc foaming slag operation白渣white slag电石渣carbide slag煤氧喷吹coal-oxygen injection炉壁热点hot spots on the furnace wall偏弧arc bias透气塞porous plug出钢到出钢时间tap-to-tap time虹吸出钢siphon tapping偏心炉底出钢eccentric bottom tapping,EBT中心炉底出钢centric bottom tapping,CBT侧面炉底出钢side bottom tapping,SBT滑动水口出钢slide fate tapping5.8 精炼、浇铸及缺陷铁水预处理hot metal pretreatment机械搅拌铁水脱硫法KR process torpedo desulfurization鱼雷车铁水脱磷torpedo dephosphorization二次精炼secondary refining钢包精炼ladle refining合成渣synthetic slag微合金化microalloying成分微调trimming钢洁净度steel cleanness钢包炉ladle furnace,LF直流钢包炉DC ladle furnace真空钢包炉LF-vacuum真空脱气vacuum degassing真空电弧脱气vacuum arc degassing,VAD真空脱气炉vacuum degassing furnace,VDF真空精炼vacuum refining钢流脱气stream degassing提升式真空脱气法Dortmund Horder vacuum degassing process,DH循环式真空脱气法Ruhstahl-Hausen vacuum degassing process,RH真空浇铸vacuum casting吹氧RH操作RH-oxygen blowing,RH-OB川崎顶吹氧RH操作RH-Kawasaki top blowing,RH-KTB喷粉RH操作RH-poowder blowing,TH-PB喷粉法powder injection process喷粉精炼injection refining蒂森钢包喷粉法Thyssen Niederhein process,TN瑞典喷粉法Scandinavian Lancer process,SL 君津真空喷粉法vacuum Kimitsu injection process密封吹氩合金成分调整法composition adjustment by sealed argon bubbling,CAS吹氧提温CAS法CAS-OB process脉冲搅拌法pulsating mixing process,PM电弧加热电磁搅拌钢包精炼法ASEA-SKF process真空吹氧脱碳法vacuum oxygen decarburization process ,VOD氩氧脱碳法argon-oxygen decarburization process,AOD蒸汽氧精炼法Creusot-Loire Uddelholm process,CLU无渣精炼slag free refining摇包法shaking ladle process铝弹脱氧法aluminium bullet shooting,ABS钢锭ingot铸锭ingot casting坑铸pit casting车铸car casting钢锭模ingot mold保温帽hot top下铸bottom casting上铸top casting补浇back pour,back feeding浇注速度pouring speed脱模ingot stripping发热渣exoslag防再氧化操作reoxidation protection连续浇注continuous casting，Continuous Steel Casting连铸机continuous caster,CC,continuous casting machine,CCM弧形连铸机bow-type continuous caster立弯式连铸机vertical-bending caster立式连铸机vertical caster水平连铸机horizontal caster小方坯连铸机billet caster大方坯连铸机bloom caster板坯连铸机slab caster薄板坯连铸机thin-slab casting薄带连铸机strip caster近终型浇铸near-net-shape casting 单辊式连铸机single-roll caster单带式连铸机single-belt caster双带式连铸机twin-belt caster倾斜带式连铸机inclined conveyer type caster [连铸]流strand铸流间距strand distance注流对中控制stream centering control钢包回转台ladle turret中间包tundish回转式中间包swiveling tundish倾动式中间包tiltable tundish中间包挡墙weir and dam in tundish引锭杆dummy bar刚性引锭杆rigid dummy bar挠性引锭杆flexible dummy bar结晶器mold直型结晶器straight mold弧形结晶器curved mold组合式结晶器composite mold多级结晶器multi-stage mold调宽结晶器adjustable mold结晶器振动mold oscillation结晶器内钢液顶面meniscus,steel level钢液面控制技术steel level control technique 保护渣casting powder,mold powder凝壳shell液芯liquid core空气隙air gap一次冷却区peimary cooling zone二次冷却区secondary cooling zone极限冷却速度critical cooling rate浇铸半径casting radius渗漏bleeding拉坯速度casting speed拉漏breaking out振动波纹oscillation mark水口堵塞nozzle clogging气水喷雾冷却air mist spray cooling分离环separating ring拉辊withdrawal roll立式导辊vertical guide roll弯曲辊bending roll夹辊pinch roll矫直辊straightening roll驱动辊driving roll导向辊装置roller apron 切割定尺装置cut-to-length device钢流保护浇注shielded casting practice 多点矫直multipoint straightening电磁搅拌electromagnetic stirring,EMS 浇注周期casting cycle多炉连浇sequence casting事故溢流槽emergercy launder菜花头cauliflower top钢锭缩头piped top表面缺陷surface defect内部缺陷internal defect缩孔shrinkage cavity中心缩孔center line shrinkage气孔blowhole表面气孔surface blowhole皮下气孔subskin blowhole针孔pinhole铸疤feather冷隔cold shut炼钢缺陷lamination发裂flake,hair crack纵裂longitudinal crack横裂transverse crack。

浅谈QT450-10金相组织与力学性能联系

第２８卷增２Ｚ００８年１１月
文章缉号：１０００—７５７ｌ＜２∞ｓ）增２—１３２０－－０３
冶金分折ＭｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｉｃａｌＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ
Ｖ０１．２８．Ｓｕｐｐｌ．２ＮＯｖｅｍｂｅｒ，２００８
浅谈ＱＴ４５０—１０金相组织与力学性能的联系
张博
（陕西工业职业技术学院材料工程系，陕西成阳
７１２０００）
实际生产中，一个企业产品的许多零部件都是外协出去的，铸件毛胚更不例外，对外协件的检验是个比较复杂的过程。球铁的检验应该按照基本要求中所述去取样．盎于检验时同比生产时阕延迟，生产地点往往距离较远．送验球铁铸件时，很难保证同时送验随炉试块或抗拉试棒。即使有试棒送验，也不能确定该试棒是和该铸件是同一炉号或批次。因此，对于这种情况，如能找到一种在本体抽验，以本体检验的结果判定该批铸件是否合格的方法，在企业中会有很大的实用价值。
由表ｌ中数据可看出，１号、９号和１５号试样抗拉强度不合格，１号、３号和９号伸长率不合格。对照金相组织可知１号、９号和１５号试样球化分级分别是５～６级、≥６级和３级，球化分级在３级的试样还有另外９个，它们的力学性能都合格，因此球化分级在３级以下包含３级．可视力学性能合格，５级以上的力学性能可以肯定不合格。３号试样比较特殊，其球化分级４级，珠光体含量在所列数据中最高，达到珠３ｓ，其抗拉强度合格而且很高，伸长率不合格，说明球化分级是影嫡力学性能的主要因素，球铯率很低，赆挽拉强度和伸长率都不会合格，丽珠光体数量主要影响的力学性能指标是抗拉强度。表１中石墨大小一致，所以这项指标不参与讨论。
同批次的比对试验数量较少，有待业内同行做进一步的探讨。
４结论
在小于等于３级，石墨大小６级，珠光体数量在小于珠３０时，一般情况下该材料的力学性能可以达到标准要求。

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