19秋《国际经济学》作业4答卷

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北语 19春《国际经济学》作业_1234

19春《国际经济学》作业_1一、单选题( 每题4分, 共15道小题, 总分值60分)1.（）的基本原则是最惠国待遇与国民待遇，以自由贸易来推动世界经济的发展。

A. A 世界贸易组织B. B 世界银行C. C 国际货币资金组织D. D 亚太经合发展组织答案：A 加：131—9666--29062.国际货币体系按照是否有意识地进行组织安排可以划分为（）A. A金本位、信用本位和介于二者之间的金汇兑本位制B. B固定汇率制、有管理的浮动汇率制和自由浮动汇率制C. C自发存在的国际货币体系和人为安排组织的国际货币体系D. D布雷顿森林体制和牙买加体制答案：C3.在下列投资方式中，属于国际间接投资的是（）A. 在国外设立分公司B. 在国外设立独资企业C. 在国外设立合资企业D. 购买国外企业债券答案：D4.下述哪一种属于国际收支的事后项目( ）。

A. 进出口B. 利息收支C. 直接投资D. 特别提款权变动答案：D5.下列内容不属于国内吸收的是（）。

A. 消费支出B. 投资支出C. 政府购买D. 净出口答案：D6.下列不属于保护贸易学说的理论有（）A. 幼稚工业理论B. 夕阳工业理论C. 国防论D. 资源禀赋论答案：D7.下列不属于长期资本流动的主要方式的是（）A. A 直接投资B. B 间接投资C. C 出口投资D. D 国际贷款答案：C8.从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是（）A. A.商品B. B.资本C. C.人员D. D.技术答案：A9.歧视性政府采购属于一种（）。

A. 新非关税壁垒措施B. 传统的非关税壁垒措施C. 出口管制措施D. 进口管制措施答案：B10.在马歇尔—勒纳条件中，进出口需求弹性应满足（），本币贬值才能有效的使国际收支得到改善。

A. 进口需求弹性为正，出口需求弹性为正B. 进口需求弹性为正，出口需求弹性为负C. 进口需求弹性为负，出口需求弹性为正D. 进口需求弹性为负，出口需求弹性为负11.在斯图旺表中第三象限表示（）A. A 通货膨胀与国际收支顺差并存B. B 衰退与国际收支顺差并存C. C 衰退与国际收支逆差并存D. D 通货膨胀与国际收支逆差并存12.最佳关税水平应等于（）A. A.零进口关税B. B.零进口关税与禁止性关税之间的水平C. C.禁止性关税D. D.禁止性关税以上13.利用同一时间、不同地点两种相同货币汇率的不一致，以低价买入、高价卖出该种货币来谋取利润的一种外汇交易称为（）。

国际经济学课程学习题集及参考答案

国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。

2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。

3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。

4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。

5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。

6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。

7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。

第二章：1、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；李嘉图的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。

3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

4、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

5、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；劳动生产率的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

6、在李嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。

7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

8、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。

选择题：1、首先用机会成本理论来解释比较优势原理的学者是：C、A、李嘉图B、罗布津斯基C、哈伯勒D、穆勒第三章：1、要素禀赋理论最初是由赫克歇尔和俄林提出的，后经萨缪尔森等人加工不断完善。

2、要素禀赋理论由H-O定理、要素价格均等化定理和罗伯津斯基定理、斯托伯-萨缪尔森定理等构成3、要素价格均等化理论指出国际贸易通过商品价格的均等化会导致要素价格的均等化，从而在世界范围实现资源的最佳配置。

2019年自考《国际经济学》试题复习(四)含答案

2019年自考《国际经济学》试题复习（四）含答案单选1.里昂惕夫悖论的经验研究结果是(A)。

A虽然美国资本丰富，但美国出口产品比进口产品的劳动密集程度更高B美国主要与其他工业化国家而非发展中国家进行贸易C贸易减少了而不是增加了美国居民的福利D美国的长期出口增长速度远远低于GNP的增长速度2.属于比较优势中的“软”要素的是( C )A土地B现代化的机器设备C信息D资本3.根据产品生命周期模型可知，(D)。

A最初生产和出口一种新产品的国家将一直生产下去，直到该产品被市场淘汰B最初进口到美国的产品一旦在美国建立起市场，将在美国生产C美国在生命周期较短的产品上具有比较优势D一种最初在美国生产的产品一旦发展为成熟、标准化的产品，后期可能从发展中国家出口到美国4.国际贸易中运输成本的存在(A)。

A使出口国产品价格和进口国产品价格出现差异，并减少了贸易量B经常颠倒或改变由要素禀赋模型预测的贸易模式C意味着如果生产加工过程中产品的重量是增加的，那么生产加工活动选址将靠近原材料产地D意味着更加可能发生要素价格完全均等化5.在绝对技术差异理论与相对技术差异理论中，机会成本是( D )A.递增B.递减C.先递增后递减D.不变6.从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是( A )A.商品B.资本C.人员D.技术7.在赫克歇尔一俄林要素禀赋理论中，(C)。

A转换曲线与李嘉图理论相同，都是一条直线B劳动是惟一的相关生产要素C一国的比较优势取决于劳动和资本等特定生产要素相对于其贸易伙伴的拥有情况D拥有充裕劳动力的国家将在劳动密集型产品上具有比较优势多选1.被作为新要素纳入国际贸易理论研究的是(ABC )A智力投资和培训B科技进步C信息D资本判断l.在要素禀赋理论中，如果一国工人平均占有的资本量多于其他国家，那么该国在资本密集型产品上具有比较优势。

(√)2.要素禀赋理论推测贸易将引起劳动力充裕国家的相对工资水平下降。

(×)3.产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品将在该国经历整个生命周期。

国际经济学作业答案

第一章练习与答案1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要？答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。

生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。

相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。

所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要。

2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。

答案提示：3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。

答案提示：4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。

答案提示：5．如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。

6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。

答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。

对于进口国来讲，贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。

7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。

8．根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？答案提示：小国。

9*．为什么说两个部门要素使用比例的不同会导致生产可能性边界曲线向外凸？答案提示：第二章答案1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。

西南大学网络学院2019秋[0403]《国际经济学》作业答案

和其他经济政策
.
总收入
.
总支出
.
GDP
.
总收入和总支出
7、朝比较优势商品实现的要素增长，会导致比较优势商品产出增加快于要素本身的增加速度，( )
.
可供进口的比较劣势商品数量增加
.
可供进口的比较劣势商品数量不变
.
可供出口的比较优势商品数量增加
.
可供出口的比较优势商品数量减少
8、关税征收会导致进口商品价格上升，（）
.
A.√
.
B.×
24、进口配额产生的经济效应与关税大致形同，其中最大的不同在于其收入效应归政府、进口商、出口商哪方
.
A.√
.
B.×
25、允许发展中国家的所有出口制成品优先进入发达国家市场是国际经济新秩序建立的目的之一。
.
A.√
.
B.×
26、如果一国是劳动要素充裕的国家，该国生产可能性曲线偏向资本密集型产品且更为平坦。
.
垄断竞争市场
.
完全垄断市场
.
不完全竞争市场
.
寡头垄断市场
判断题
21、具有全球生产和销售网络方面的竞争优势是跨国公司存在的基本原因。
.
A.√Biblioteka .B.×22、赫克歇尔-俄林理论假设两国均为不完全专业化，这与比较优势理论假设一样。
.
A.√
.
B.×
23、在自由浮动汇率制度下，国民经济在很大程度上被认为是与国际收支失衡隔离开来的，而且多数国际收支
.
C. 从量税
.
从价税
.
选择税
.
复合税
15、（）是指少数的卖者面对众多的买者市场。
.

国际经济学chap4（答案）

国际经济学chap4（答案）Chap 4.1, Which of the following assumptions of H-O Theory is true:a. nations have the same tastes and preferencesb. they use factor inputs that are of uniform qualityc. they use the same technologyd. all of the above2. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are:a. 3/4b. 2/3c. 3/2d. 4/33. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:a. deteriorateb. improvec. remain unchangedd. any of the above4. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:a. the nation's terms of trade remain unchangedb. the nation's terms of trade deterioratec. the partner's terms of trade deteriorated. any of the above5. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, the relative prices of this nation will be:a. increasesb. declinesc. remains unchangedd. any of the above6. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:a. deteriorateb. improvec. remain unchangedd. any of the above7*. The equilibrium price and quantity for a commodity traded between two nations occurs wherea. the slopes of the two offer curves are the same.b. the two offer curves intersectc. the slopes of the two offer curves is equal to zerod. the price ratio of good X for good Y is equals one.8*. Suppose nation 1 is an importer of good X. In a general equilibrium framework, an increase in the demand for good Y willa. decreased the price of good X and increase the volume of imports of good Xb. decreased the price of good X and decrease the volume of imports of good Xc. increase the price of good X and increase the volume of imports of good Xd. increase the price of good X and decrease the volume of imports of good X9. Suppose nation 1 is an importer of good X. In a general equilibrium framework, an increase in the cost of producing good X in nation 2 will a. decreased the price of good X and increase the volume of imports of good Xb. decreased the price of good X and decrease the volume of imports of good Xc. increase the price of good X and increase the volume of imports ofgood Xd. increase the price of good X and decrease the volume of imports of good X10. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:a. explaining the basis for comparative advantageb. examining the effect of trade on factor pricesc. both a and bd. neither a nor b11. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model?a. the same technology in both nationsb. constant returns to scalec. complete specializationd. equal tastes in both nations12. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:a. factor prices are the sameb. tastes are the samec. PPFs are the samed. all of the above13. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:a. more K is used in the production of Y than Xb. less L is used in the production of Y than Xc. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than Xd. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y14. When w/r falls, L/Ka. falls in the production of both commoditiesb. rises in the production of both commoditiesc. can rise or falld. is not affected15. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:a. greater absolute amount of Kb. smaller absolute amount of Lc. higher L/K ratiod. lower r/w16. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a difference in:a. technologyb. factor endowmentsc. tastesd. all of the above17. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly ona difference in:a. technologyb. factor endowmentsc. economies of scaled. tastes18. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:a. relative but not absolute factor pricesb. absolute but not relative factor pricesc. both relative and absolute factor pricesd. neither relative nor absolute factor prices19. According to the H-O model, international trade will:a. reduce international differences in per capita incomesb. increases international differences in per capita incomesc. may increase or reduce international differences in percapita incomesd. lead to complete specialization20. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:a. production in both nationsb. consumption in both nationsc. trade between the two nationsd. all of the above21. The H-O model is a simplification of a truly general equilibrium model because it deals with:a. two nationsb. two commoditiesc. two factors of productiond. all of the above22. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.a. import substitutes are more L-intensive than exportsb. imports are more K-intensive than exportsc. exports are more K-intensive than importsd. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes23*. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:a. must be rejectedb. must be accepted without reservationsc. can be accepted while awaiting further testingd. explains all international trade24. The factor price equalization theorem states that international trade will bring about equalization ina. relative returns onlyb. absolute returns onlyc. both relative and absolute returnsd. neither absolute nor relative returns25. International trade will ______ the price of a nation’s abundant resources and _____ the price of a nation’s scarce resourcesa. increase; increaseb. decrease; decreasec. decrease; increased. increase; decrease26. One potential reasonable explanation for the Leontief paradox is thata. The U.S. exports capital intensive goodsb. U.S. labor is more productive than its foreign counterpartc. U.S. tastes were biased strongly in favor of capital intensive goodsd. The two factor model that was used was incomplete27. According to the factor price equalization theorem a nation that has a relative capital abundance should specialize in goods that are ______ intensive resulting in an increase in the price of ______.a. capital; capitalb. capital; laborc. labor; capitald. labor; labor28. Which of the following theories is based on the demand conditions.a. Overlapping Demand Theoryb. Comparative Advantage Theoryc. Product Life Cycle Theoryd. H-O Theoryshort answers31. How does the H-O theory differ from Ricardo theory in explaining international trade patterns?Ricardo theory assumed only one factor (labor) ruled out the trade effects and explained that the difference of commodities’ prices is the reason why trade occurred, the H-O theory explained trade by differences inrelative national supply conditions, even the theory highlights the role of nations’ resource endowment as the key determinant of comparative advantage. A nation will export that commodity for which a large amount of the relatively abundant input is used, it will import that commodity in the production of which the relatively scare input is used.32. According to Staffan Linder, there are two explanations of international trade patterns—one for manufactures and another for primary (agricultural) goods. Explain!Linder considered that the H-O theory has explanatory power for trade in primary goods, natural resources and agricultural goods, not for trade in manufactured goods, because the main force influencing manufactured –good trade is domestic demand conditions. Based on similar preferences, wealthy nations will likely trade with other wealthy nations, and poor nations will likely trade with other poor nations.33. How can economies of scale production affect world trade patterns?Economies of scale is that a large organization may reduce costs by specializing in machinery and labor, and under this condition the PPF shape is convex to origin.The countries with economies of scale refer to the production situationwhere output grows proportionately more than the increasein inputs or factors of production. That means the reduction in the average costs of production as the firm’s output expands, thus the nation can export this kind of commodity for its comparative advantage.34. Distinguish between intra-industry trade and inter-industry trade, what are some major determinants of intra-industry trade?The inter-industry trade means the exchange between nations of products of different industries, it involves of different factor endowments. But intra-industry trade means the flows of goods with similar factor requirements, nations that are net exporters of manufactured goods embodying sophisticated technology also purchase such goods from other nations. Intra-industry trade includes trade in homogeneous goods as well as in differentiated products, and intra-industry trade increases the range of choices available to consumers as well as the degree of competition among manufactures of the same class of product in each nation.Essay35. Try to draw the figure that vertical axis shows the wage ratio, which equals the wage of skilled workers divided by the wage of unskilled works; Horizontal axis shows that the labor ratio, which equals to the quantity of skilled workers available divided by the quantity of unskilledworks. Suppose that supply curve of skilled workers relative to unskilled workers is fixed and denoted by S0, the demand curve for skilled workers relative to unskilled workers is denoted by D0.Explain that how the following three factors will affect wage inequality for U.S.(1)International trade and technological change(2)Immigration(3)Education and training(1)International trade and technological change will result an increase thedemand o f U.S’s comparative advantage goods, because U.S is abundant in skilled labor resources, so demand curve of skilled labor increased from D0 to D1, so wage ratio increased to 2.5, wage inequality is larger than before.(2)Immigration of unskilled labor results in a decrease in the sully ofskilled labor relative to unskilled labor. So supply curve shifts from S0(2) to S2(1.5), the wage ratio increased to 2.5 wage inequality also become larger than before.(3)Education and training increased the number of skilled labor, and sothe ratio of skilled labor to unskilled labor, as seen by the increase in the supply curve from S0(2) to S1(2.5), the wage ratio decreased to1.5, the wage inequality is smaller than before.For U.S, a better solution involves better education and increased training to allow low-wage workers to take advantage of the technological changes that increase productivity.。

国际经济学答案（4）

国际经济学答案（4）Chapter 5Factor Endowments and Trade I:The Specific Factors ModelSuggested Answers to Textbook Questions1.The average product can be found from the slope of a ray from the origin to points on the totalproduct curve. This reveals that the curve slopes downwards and lies everywhere above the marginal product. The total wage payments are represented by the area of the rectangle formed by BODL0and the return to land is given by the area ABDC.2. Both an increase in the price of food and an increase in the quantity of land will raise wages. Whichraises wages by a greater amount depends upon the slopes of the VMP curves. Both will also reduce the return to capital. If both changes cause an equal increase in wages, then the second will bepreferred by workers, as prices will not increase as they do in the first case. A similar story can be told for capitalists. Note that an increase in the price of food leads to landowners unambiguously gaining, whereas an increase in the amount of land leads to landowners unambiguously losing.3. If there is immigration, wages will fall. The competitive profit conditions then imply that the returnsto both capital and land should increase. A tariff on manufactures will raise their price. This will raise the VMP of labor in the manufacturing sector, thus attracting workers away from sheep farming. The loss of labor in the sheep sector will reduce the returns to land, thus hurting sheep station owners. 4. An increase in the amount of land raises the marginal product of labor in food production, and thedecrease in capital lowers the marginal product of labor in clothing production. Thus, labor will move from the clothing sector to the food sector. In the absence of trade, this movement in the relativesupplies of goods will alter the relative prices of the two goods, with the relative price of fooddecreasing. Thus, the return to land will fall and the return to capital will rise. With trade, the prices of the goods are fixed. Thus, the factor returns will move due to the changes in the factor proportions.The return to capital will rise and the return to land will fall. If the country trades at world prices, then there will very little change in land rents.Multiple Choice Questions1. The law of diminishing returns states that as you use more of a variable factor in combination with a fixed factorAnswer: (c)Chapter 5 Factor Endowments and Trade I: The Specific Factors Model 292. At constant commodity price, labor growthAnswer: (b)3. If the value of the marginal product of labor exceeds the wage rate then firms willAnswer: (a)4. The owners of the specific factors will lobby together forAnswer: (d)5. Under constant returns to scale, if wages and the return to capital both rise by 10 percent, then Answer: (c)6. If wages rise by 10% and the return to capital rises by 20%, which of the following is a possible increase in the price of a good that uses both labor and capital as inputs?Answer: (d)7. In a specific factors model, if a firm wishes to increase output,Answer: (c)8. In a two sector specific factors model with labor mobile across sectors,Answer: (b)9. If tastes shift towards food and away from clothing, then in a specific factors framework with labor mobile across sectors,Answer: (a)10. In a specific factors framework with labor as the mobile factor, immigration willAnswer: (e)11. In a specific factors framework with labor as the mobile factor, an increase in the capital stock will Answer: (d)12. In a specific factors framework with labor as the mobile factor and land as the factor specific to the food sector, an increase in food prices willAnswer: (d)13. In a specific factors framework with labor as the mobile factor and capital as the factor specific to the clothing sector, which of the following is a possible result of a 10 percent increase in clothing prices? Answer: (a)14. Assuming workers consume primarily the import good, labor will allocate large resources to lobby with the specific factor used in the import competing sector toAnswer: (e)30 Caves/Frankel/Jones - World Trade and Payments: An Introduction, Tenth Edition15. In the specific factors framework, a 15 percent increase in the return to land and a 2 percent increase in the wage rate could be the result ofAnswer: (a)16. In a specific factors framework with labor as the mobile factor, capitalists will promote policies that Answer: (e)17. In a specific factors framework, the “Dutch Disease” occurs whenAnswer: (b)18. With non-traded goods, a boom in an export sector (assuming labor is mobile across sectors) withouta shift in demand willAnswer: (b)19. If the price of clothing decreases by 10 percent, which of the following could occur?Answer: (c)20. Which of the following groups is most likely to oppose immigration into the US?Answer: (c)。

[南开大学]《国际经济学》19秋期末考核(答案参考)

【奥鹏】-[南开大学]《国际经济学》19秋期末考核试卷总分:100 得分:100第1题,假设2015年美元对人民币的汇率是1美元等于6元人民币，2016年美国的物价上涨了6%，而中国的物价水平上升了8%，根据相对购买力平价理论，美元与人民币之间的汇率为()A、5.89B、6.11C、4.5D、8正确答案:A第2题,若一国边际储蓄倾向为0.1，边际进口倾向为0.2，则该国出口和政府购买支出各增加300亿美元将使其贸易收支()A、改善100亿美元B、改善200亿美元C、恶化100亿美元D、恶化200亿美元正确答案:C第3题,提出国际贸易的作用不能高估，对外贸易至多只是“经济增长的侍女”的是()A、罗伯特逊B、纳克斯C、克拉维斯D、汉密尔顿正确答案:C第4题,实施进口配额对于进口国来说()A、有利于进口国消费者B、使国内同类产品的生产减少C、有利于进口竞争品的国内生产者D、提高了本国福利水平正确答案:C第5题,开放经济条件下，按照国际收支调整的吸收理论，以下哪一项不属于贬值对吸收的直接影响()A、货币幻觉效应B、闲置资本效应C、货币余额效应D、收入再分配效应正确答案:B第6题,以下哪种理论将具有外部规模经济视作幼稚产业保护的标准()A、穆勒标准B、巴斯塔布尔标准C、李斯特标准D、坎普标准正确答案:D第7题,如果中国是劳动力丰裕国家，美国是土地丰裕国家，根据斯托尔帕-萨缪尔森定理（S-S 定理），中国和美国从贸易开放中获益最大的分别是()A、土地所有者、劳动者B、土地所有者、土地所有者C、劳动者、土地所有者D、劳动者、劳动者正确答案:C第8题,通常与进口替代战略相配合的政策措施包括()A、降低关税壁垒B、高估本币价值C、放松外汇管制D、减少非关税壁垒正确答案:B第9题,在资本完全自由流动的情况下，下列关于开放条件下宏观经济政策效果的叙述，正确的是()。

A、在固定汇率制度下，财政政策是失效的，货币政策是有效的B、在固定汇率制度下，财政政策和货币政策都是失效的C、在浮动汇率制度下，财政政策是失效的，货币政策是有效的D、在浮动汇率制度下，财政政策和货币政策都是失效的正确答案:C第10题,下列哪一项不属于货币贬值对吸收的直接影响()A、国内物价上涨，对货币的需求上升B、收入在劳动者与资本所有者之间的再分配C、贸易条件恶化D、货币幻觉的作用正确答案:C第11题,A国边际进口倾向为0.2，边际储蓄倾向为0.5，2008年该国出口增加100亿美元。

国际经济学作业答案第四章

国际经济学作业答案-第四章Chapter 4 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin ModelMultiple Choice Questions1. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would(a) move the point of production along the production possibility curve.(b) shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.(c) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensiveproduct.(d) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the capital-intensive product.(e) None of the above.Answer: D2. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ in(a) tastes.(b) military capabilities.(c) size.(d) relative availabilities of factors of production.(e) labor productivities.Answer: D3. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, a change from autarky (no trade) to trade willbenefit the owners of(a) capital.(b) the relatively abundant factor of production.(c) the relatively scarce factor of production.(d) the relatively inelastic factor of production.(e) the factor of production with the largest elasticity of substitution.Answer: B4. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, a change from autarky (no trade) to trade(a) will tend to make the wages in both countries more similar.(b) will equalize the wages in both countries.(c) will tend to make the wages in both countries less similar.(d) will tend to make wages equal to returns to capital.(e) will tend to make rents equal to interest rates.Answer: A国际经济学作业答案-第四章5. The Leontieff Paradox(a) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.(b) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(c) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.(d) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(e) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.Answer: D6. The Leontieff Paradox(a) refers to the finding that U.S. exports were more labor intensive than its imports.(b) refers to the finding that U.S. Exports were more capital intensive than its exports.(c) refers to the finding that the U.S. produces outside its Edgeworth Box.(d) still accurately applies to today’s pattern of U.S. international trade.(e) refers to the fact that Leontieff—an American economist—had a Russian name.Answer: A7. The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and Sveikauskas(a) supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.(b) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(c) used a two-country and two-product framework.(d) demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies.(e) proved that the U.S.’s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor.Answer: A8. Empirical observations on actual North-South trade patterns tend to(a) support the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.(b) support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(c) support the validity of the Rybczynski Theorem.(d) support the validity of the wage equalization theorem.(e) support the validity of the neo-imperialism exploitation theory.Answer: B9. The Case of the Missing Trade refers to(a) the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys’ Mystery series.(b) the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.(c) the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.(d) the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.(e) None of the above.Answer: C国际经济学作业答案-第四章10. If the Unted States had relatively more capital per worker than Mexico, and if the Leontieff Paradoxapplied to this trade, then a successful expansion of trade under NAFTA between Mexico and the United States would tend to benefit which group in the United States?(a) Environmentalists(b) Capitalists(c) Workers(d) Land owners(e) Skilled labor with relatively high levels of human capitalAnswer: C11. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the source of comparative advantage is a country’s(a) technology.(b) advertising.(c) human capital.(d) factor endowments.(e) Both (a) and (b).Answer: D12. The Hechscher-Ohlin model states that a country will have a comparative advantage in the good orservice whose production is relatively intensive in the ______ with which the country is relatively abundant.(a) tastes(b) technology(c) factor of production(d) opportunity cost(e) scale economyAnswer: C13. One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparativeadvantage is by assuming that __________ is (are) identical in all countries.(a) factor of production endowments(b) scale economies(c) factor of production intensities(d) technology(e) opportunity costsAnswer: D14. According to the Hecksher-Ohlin model,(a) everyone automatically gains from trade(b) the scarce factor necessarily gains from trade(c) the gainers could compensate the losers and still retain gains.(d) a country gains if its exports have a high value added.(e) None of the above.Answer: C国际经济学作业答案-第四章15. The Heckscher-Ohlin model assumes that _____ are identical in all trading countries(a) tastes(b) technologies(c) factor endowments(d) Both (a) and (b).(e) None of the above.Answer: B16. As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returnsin the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trade(a) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.(b) countries will benefit from free international trade.(c) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.(d) comparative advantage is primarily supply related.(e) None of the above.Answer: A17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relativelylabor abundant, then once trade begins(a) wages and rents should rise in H(b) wages and rents should fall in H(c) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.(d) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.(e) None of the above.Answer: C18. Which of the following is false (for the Heckscher-Ohlin model)?(a) If tastes are not identical in both countries, wages may still equalize.(b) Differences in technologies could be the source of gains from trade.(c) Some groups may gain and some may lose due to trade.(d) Gains for the trade-related winners will tend to be larger than losses of losers.(e) None of the above.Answer: B19. If tastes differed between countries, this could affect(a) wage equalization due to trade with no specialization.(b) the direction of trade (who exports what to whom).(c) the fact that some groups in a country might lose welfare due to trade.(d) the fact that the country as a whole will gain from trade.(e) None of the above.Answer: B国际经济学作业答案-第四章20. Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively landendowed while the European Union is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,(a) European landowners should support U.S.-European free trade.(b) European capitalists should support U.S.-European free trade.(c) all capitalists in both countries should support free trade.(d) all landowners should support free trade.(e) None of the above.Answer: B21. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United States is richly endowed in human-capitalrelative to Mexico, then as NAFTA increasingly leads to more bilateral free trade between the two countries,(a) the United States will find its industrial base sucked into Mexico.(b) Mexico will find its relatively highly skilled workers drawn to the United States.(c) The wages of highly skilled U.S. workers will be drawn down to Mexican levels.(d) The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will rise to those in the United States.(e) The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will fall to those in the United States.Answer: E22. Assume that only two countries, A and B, exist.Consider the following data:CountriesFactor Endowments A BLabor Force 45 20Capital Stock 15 10If good S is capital intensive, then following the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory,(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) Insufficient information is given.Answer: B23. Continuing from Question #22, if you are told that Country B is very much richer than Country A,then the correct answer is:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) insufficient information is given.Answer: B国际经济学作业答案-第四章24. Continuing from Question #22, you are told that Country B is very much larger than country A. Thecorrect answer is:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) insufficient information is given.Answer: B25. Continuing from Question #22, you are told that Country B has no minimum wage or child laborlaws. Now the correct answer is:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) Insufficient information is given.Answer: B26. Continuing from Question #22, you now are told that the labor unions representing the workers ineach of the two respective countries are considering lobbying against the opening of international trade between these two countries. Note that workers’ income is derived solely from wages.(a) This would be a misguided decision from the viewpoint of the workers in both countries, sincetrade is always better than autarky.(b) This would be a good decision from the viewpoint of workers in Country A since internationaltrade helps the capitalists and hurts the workers.(c) This would be a good decision from the viewpoint of workers in Country B since internationaltrade helps the owners of capital and hurts the workers.(d) This would be a good decision for both unions since trade hurts workers wherever they live.(e) None of the above.Answer: C27. We are now told that the information given us in Question #22 was not exactly accurate, and that infact S is relatively capital intensive only when relative wages are high, but becomes relatively labor intensive when relative wages are low. Given this information:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) Insufficient information is given.Answer: E国际经济学作业答案-第四章28. The following are all assumptions that must be accepted in order to apply the Heckscher-OhlinTheory, except for one:(a) countries differ in their endowments of factors of production.(b) countries differ in their technologies.(c) there are two factors of production.(d) production is subject to constant returns to scale.(e) one product always requires more machines per worker in its production than does the otherproduct.Answer: B29. In international-trade equilibrium in the Heckscher-Ohlin model,(a) the capital rich country will charge less for the capital intensive good than the price paid by thecapital poor country for the capital-intensive good.(b) the capital rich country will charge the same price for the capital intensive good as that paid forit by the capital poor country.(c) the capital rich country will charge more for the capital intensive good than the price paid by thecapital poor country for the capital-intensive good.(d) the workers in the capital rich country will earn more than those in the poor country.(e) the workers in the capital rich country will earn less than those in the poor country.Answer: B30. If two countries were very different in their relative factor availabilities, then we would not expectwhich of the following to be empirically supported?(a) The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem(b) The Factor Price Equalization Theorem.(c) The Law of One Price(d) The Law of Demand(e) None of the above.Answer: B31. When Country A produces both goods more efficiently than Country B, then(a) country A should produce both goods and not trade.(b) country A should specialize in its good of least absolute disadvantage.(c) both countries would benefit from autarky.(d) both countries may not benefit from trade.(e) None of the above.Answer: E32. The minimum information required to determine Country A’s comparative advantage is(a) the number of hours of labor in the economy of A.(b) ratio of labor inputs for products S and T in A.(c) total available labor, labor required per unit of S, and labor required per unit of T in A.(d) total available labor and the ratio of labor inputs for S and T in A.(e) None of the above.Answer: E国际经济学作业答案-第四章33. The slope of a country’s PPF reflects(a) the opportunity cost of product S in terms of product T.(b) the opportunity cost of T in terms of money prices.(c) the opportunity cost of S or T in terms of S.(d) Both (a) and (b).(e) Both (a) and (c).Answer: A34. The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts all of the following except:(a) which country will export which product.(b) which factor of production within each country will gain from trade.(c) the volume of trade.(d) that wages will tend to become equal in both trading countries.(e) None of the above.Answer: C35. The Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardian model of Comparative Advantage in that theformer(a) has only two countries.(b) has only two products.(c) has two factors of production.(d) has two production possibility frontiers (one for each country).(e) None of the above.Answer: C36. International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore, international trade(a) is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.(b) will tend to hurt one trading country.(c) will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.(d) will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.(e) will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.Answer: C37. Factors tend to be specific to certain uses and products(a) in countries lacking comparative advantage.(b) in the short run.(c) in capital-intensive industries.(d) in labor-intensive industries.(e) in countries lacking fair labor laws.Answer: B国际经济学作业答案-第四章38. If the price of the capital intensive product rises more than does the price of the land intensiveproduct, then(a) demand will shift away from the capital-intensive product, and its production will decrease.(b) demand will shift away from the capital-intensive product, and its production will decreaserelative to that of the land intensive product.(c) the production of the capital-intensive product will indeed decrease, but not for the reasonsmentioned in (a) or (b).(d) the countries exporting the capital-intensive good will lose its comparative advantage.(e) None of the above.Answer: E39. If Australia has relatively more land per worker, and Belgium has relatively more capital per worker,then if trade were to open up between these two countries,(a) the relative price of the capital-intensive product would rise in Australia.(b) the world price of the land-intensive product would be higher than it had been in Belgium.(c) the world price of the land intensive product would be higher than it had been in Australia.(d) the relative price of the land intensive product would rise in Belgium.(e) None of the above.Answer: C40. If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade wereto open up between these two countries,(a) the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.(b) the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise.(c) the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.(d) the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall.(e) the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise.Answer: D41. If trade opens up between the two formerly autarkic countries, Australia and Belgium, then(a) the real income of Australia and of Belgium will increase.(b) the real income of Australia but not of Belgium will increase.(c) the real income of neither country will increase.(d) the real income of both countries may increase.(e) the real income of both countries will increase.Answer: D42. If the price of food (a land intensive product) rises, then the income of capital owners will fallbecause(a) capital owners consume only food.(b) the real wage in terms of manufactures rises.(c) they must pay higher wages to maintain subsistence levels.(d) food is an element of organic capital for capitalists.(e) None of the above.Answer: B国际经济学作业答案-第四章43. If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relativelyland intense then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will(a) lead to perfect specialization with Japan alone producing manufactures.(b) create a world relative price of food that is lower than that of the U.S.(c) lower the price of food in both countries.(d) raise the price of food in both countries.(e) None of the above.Answer: E44. The reason trade clearly benefits a country is that(a) it raises the real income of the more productive elements in society.(b) it lowers the real income of the less productive elements in society.(c) it increases the levels of consumption of everyone.(d) it increases society’s consumption choices.(e) None of the above.Answer: D45. As compared to potential gainers, those who stand to lose from trade(a) are likely to migrate to another country.(b) tend to be more effectively organized politically.(c) tend to reject compensation as smacking of socialism.(d) are universally opposed by economists who consider them parasites.(e) None of the above.Answer: B46. Those who stand to gain from trade(a) do not really care about the issue of income redistribution.(b) could not compensate losers since there are so many poor people.(c) could compensate losers but would rather not in modern industrial economies.(d) compensate losers at least partially through such legislation as unemployment compensation, orretraining grants.(e) None of the above.Answer: D47. Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby the government to(a) shift the direction of comparative advantage.(b) abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application.(c) provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors.(d) provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.(e) None of the above.Answer: D国际经济学作业答案-第四章48. It was found that when the United States imposed steel quotas, this caused harm not only to steelconsumers, but also to many producers for whom steel is an important input. This insight(a) suggests that general equilibrium models of tariffs will demonstrate that the partial equilibriumdeadweight loss triangles tend to overstate the tariff harm.(b) suggests that the deadweight loss triangles from partial equilibrium models tend to understatethe harm to society of protectionism.(c) suggests that it is quite sensible that producers tend to support quotas.(d) suggests that steel production is an infant industry in the U.S.(e) None of the above.Answer: B49. It was found that when the United States placed quotas on imported Japanese semiconductors, thisharmed the international competitiveness of U.S. computer manufacturers. This is a good illustration of the principle that(a) trade benefits the factor that is specific to the export sector.(b) protectionism helps manufacturers but harms consumers.(c) protectionism harms the factor that is specific to the export sector.(d) effective protection is not the same as a nominal tariff or tariff equivalent.(e) None of the above.Answer: D50. Ricardo’s model of comparative advantage demonstrated no harm to any g roup in the economyas a result of free trade. This was probably because(a) Ricardo did not understand the concept of diminishing returns.(b) the specific factor model had not yet been invented.(c) Heckscher and Ohlin had not yet been born.(d) a model, which demonstrated such harm, would have been counter-productive to Ricardo’spolitical or polemical aims.(e) None of the above.Answer: D51. When the Napoleonic Wars were over, the Corn Laws were enacted in England. This may beunderstood in terms of the following:(a) The Hecksher-Ohlin model.(b) The intra-trade model.(c) The monopolistic competition model(d) The scale economies model(e) None of the above.Answer: A国际经济学作业答案-第四章52. If Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, followingthe specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage in(a) manufactures.(b) food.(c) both manufactures and food.(d) neither manufactures nor food.(e) Not enough information given.Answer: E53. If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even lessproductive capital, then, following the specific factor model, in order to help the country’s economic welfare, the Gambinian government should(a) protect the manufacturing sector.(b) protect the agricultural sector.(c) protect both sectors.(d) not resort to protectionism(e) None of the above.Answer: DEssay Questions1. “A good cannot be both land- and labor-intensive.” Discuss.Answer: In a two good, two factor model, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin framework, the factor intensities are relative intensities. Hence, the relevant statistic is either workers peracre (or acres per worker); or wage per rental unit (or rental per wage). In order toillustrate the logic of the statement above, let us assume that the production of a broomrequires 4 workers and 1 acre. Also, let us assume that the production of one bushel ofwheat requires 40 workers and 80 acres. In this case the acres per person required toproduce a broom is one quarter, whereas to produce a bushel of wheat requires 2 acres perperson. The wheat is therefore (relatively) land intensive, and the broom is (relatively)labor intensive.2. “No country is abundant in everything.” Discuss.Answer: the concept of relative (country) factor abundance is (like factor intensities) a relative concept. When we identify a country as being capital intensive, we mean that it has morecapital per worker than does the other country. If one country has more capital workerthan another, it is an arithmetic impossibility that it also has more workers per unit capital.3. There is frequently a conflict between short-term and long-term interests in trade. Discuss.Answer: In trade models, the short term is typically defined as that (conceptual) period of time in which both the technology and the amount of factors of production are given and cannotbe changed. When we state that free trade can be shown to be an optimal policy undercertain circumstances, we mean that in the short run, this policy can bring a country to anoptimum level of consumption. However, there is no inconsistency in the proposition thatthe optimum short run solution may not be the solution, which maximizes the likelihoodof economic expansion or growth (the long run). For example, a policy which maximizesconsumption may not take into account inter-temporal preferences, and hence may “short-change” future generations (or those who care for future generations).国际经济学作业答案-第四章4. International trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices. Discuss.Answer: This statement is typically “true . . . but.” Under a strict and limited set of assumptions, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin model which excludes country specific technologies;non- homothetic tastes; factor intensity reversals; large country differences in (relative)factor abundances, more factors than goods, and an equilibrium solution within the “coneof specialization”; then it may be demonstrated that internal consistency demands that theabove state d sentence is “true.” However, the minute one relaxes any of the above listedassumptions one may easily identify solutions, which contradict the factor priceequalization theorem.5. Countries that are willing to tolerate an unusually high quantity of pollution relative to their suppliesof other factors would tend to export “pollution-intensive” goods. Discuss using the Hechscher-Ohlin (H.O.) model.Answer: This statement is badly crafted. It seems to imply that pollution per say is a proper factor of production. That is, just as if you add a worker, you get additional product, so themarginal product of pollution is positive. The problem here is that pollution is not reallya factor of production, but rather an externality, which may be more typical of importedgoods than exported ones. In such a case, the statement above is false.6. Countries do not in fact export the goods the H.O. theory predicts. Discuss.Answer: This statement is not true. Although one may find many cases where it seems to be true(e.g. the Leontieff Paradox), all one needs to do in order to render the above statement not(generally) true is to find one counter example. In fact, one can find large subsets ofagricultural and commodity products in which the H.O predictions are generally fulfilled.Labor-intensive countries such as Bangladesh do in fact export relatively labor-intensivegoods. Capital-intensive countries such as Germany do in fact export capital-intensiveproducts (at least to South countries). Countries such as Costa R ica (“sunshine abundant”)tend to export bananas (sunshine-intensive products). The U.S. (a wheat-land-abundantcountry) does indeed export wheat (a wheat-land intensive product). In fact, since theearly 1980s, the Leontieff Paradox was not found to describe the U.S. trade data (henceratifying the H.O. theory).7. Why is the H.O. model called the factor-proportions theory?Answer: The H.O. model explores the nature and the limitations of assuming that the sole determinant of comparative advantage is inter-country differences in (relative) factorproportions.8. Why do we observe the Leontief paradox?Answer: There are many possible answers. They may be classified into three groups. One would argue that the model, or theory is wrong. The other would argue that the theory is correct(internally consistent and descriptive of real world data), but the real world data isincorrectly perceived, defined or measured. The third would argue that the statement itselfis wrong, and that in fact the Leontieff paradox itself is not actually observed, but rather isdue to faulty logical rendering of the original model.。

国际经济学答案完整版

国际经济学答案《国际贸易理论》作业题专业班级任课教师2012年下学期作业一一、单项选择题1.国际经济学在研究资源配置时，作为划分界限的基本经济单位是（）。

A.企业B.个人C.政府？D.国家2.国际经济学理论体系发展阶段不包括（）。

A.重商主义B.古典的自由贸易理论C.现代国际经济理论D.重农主义3.微观经济学研究的是单个社会的资源配置问题，而国际贸易理论研究的是（）。

A.—国的资源配置问题B.两国范围内的资源配置问题C.地区范围内的资源配置问题D.世界范围内的资源配置问题4.从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是（）。

A.商品B.资本C.人员D.技术5.一个国家（）,能够在其生产可能性边界线之外的点上进行消费。

A.没有任何时候B.在充分就业的情况下C.同其他国家进行贸易时D.所有生产要素全部投入生产的时候6.在封闭条件下，如果一国生产技术的改进降低了小麦的机会成本，那么面粉的价格（），小麦的生产数量（）°A.下降，下降B.上升，减少C.下降，增加D.上升，增加7.本国生产&、b、c、d四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为1、2、4、15,外国生产这四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为12、18、24、30,根据李嘉图模型，本国在哪种产品上拥有最大比较优势在哪种产品上拥有最大比较劣势（）。

A.d、aB. c、bC.&、dD. b、c8.如果机会成本递增，则国际贸易将导致（）。

A•每个国家不完全专业化，而且出口的生产成本不变B.每个国家完全专业化，而且生产成本下降C.每个国家不完全专业化，而且出口产品的机会成本下降D.每个国家不完全专业化，而且出口产品的机会成本上升9.对于两国贸易模型来说，国际均衡价格一定处于两国贸易前的（）。

A.最低相对价格水平之下B.最高相对价格水平之上C.相对价格水平之间D.根据具体情况而定10.重商主义认为衡量国家财富的标准应是（）。

A.商品B.生产力C.金银D.购买力二、多项选择题L在进行自由贸易后，一国的收入分配会发生如下变化（）。

《国际经济学》作业参考答案

《国际经济学》作业参考答案一、判断题１．F２．F ３．T ４．F ５．T ６．T ７．T ８．T ９．F １０．F １１．F １２．T１３．T １４．T １５．F １６．F １７．T １８．F １９．T ２０．F ２１．F ２２．T２３．F ２４．F二、选择题１．c ２．d ３．b ４．b ５．c ６．d ７．d ８．c ９．a １０．c １１．b １２．d １３．A １４．A １５．B １６．D １７．D １８．B １９．C ２０．D ２１．D ２２．A ２３．C ２４．C ２５．c ２６．b ２７．d ２８．d ２９．c ３０．c ３１．d ３２．b ３３．d ３４．b ３５．D３６．c ３７．a ３８．d ３９．a ４０．d ４１．d ４２．d ４３．b ４４．d ４５．c ４６．b三、概念解释１．罗伯津斯基定理：在商品相对价格不变的前提下，某一要素的增加会导致密集使用该要素部门的生产增加，而另一部门的生产则下降。

２．幼稚产业理论：是从动态角度提出了保护那些具有潜在优势的新兴产业的观点，但这种保护是一种暂时性的。

判别幼稚产业的标准主要有三种：其中穆勒标准强调将来的竞争优势，而巴斯塔布尔标准认为幼稚产业不仅强调将来的竞争优势，而且将来的预期收益的现值应能抵消现有的保护成本，坎普标准则更为注重外部规模京的重要性。

３．战略性贸易政策：该政策是针对一种特殊的不完全竞争市场结构---寡头垄断市场结构提出的。

在寡头垄断市场结构下，政府对贸易活动进行干预目的是改变市场结构或环境，以提高本国企业的国际竞争力，使本国企业获得更多的垄断利润或租金。

战略性贸易政策最为强调的政策主张有两种：一是出口补贴，而是进口保护以促进出口。

４．一国所拥有的两种生产要素的相对比例。

这是一个相对概念，与一国所拥有的生产要素的绝对数量无关。

５．斯托帕－萨谬尔森定理:无论两种要素的所有者倾向于消费哪种商品，国际贸易将提高一国出口产品中密集是用要素（即本国较丰裕的要素）的收益，而降低其进口产品中密集使用要素（即本国较稀缺的要素）的收益。

北语19秋《国际经济学》作业4参考满分答案

[北京语言大学]-【奥鹏】-北语19秋《国际经济学》作业4
试卷总分:100 得分:100
一、单选题 (共 10 道试题,共 50 分)
1.购买力平价理论的基本思想是：不同货币之间的兑换比率取决于它们各自具有的（）的对比。

A.购买力
B.汇率
C.利率
D.价值
标准参考满分解析
答案:A
2.下列不属于浮动汇率制度类型的是（）。

A.联合浮动汇率制度
B.有管理的浮动汇率制度
C.可调整的固定汇率制度
D.单独浮动汇率制度
标准参考满分解析
答案:C
3.布雷顿森林体系的特点之一是：它是一个全球性的（）。

A.国际银本位制
B.国际金汇兑本位制
C.国际金本位制
D.国际复本位制
标准参考满分解析
答案:B
4.利用同一时间、不同地点两种相同货币汇率的不一致，以低价买入、高价卖出该种货币来谋取利润的一种外汇交易称为（）。

A.套汇交易
B.套利交易
C.外汇期货交易
D.外汇期权交易
标准参考满分解析
答案:A
5.从（）以后，欧元区内各国的原货币完全退出流通，欧元成为欧元区内国家唯一的货币。

A.2002年7月1日。

19秋学期(1709、1803、1809、1903、1909)《国际经济学》在线作业关税同盟给参与国带来的动态效应包括

国际经济学1 单选题1 关税同盟给参与国带来的动态效应包括() CA 贸易创造和贸易转向效应B 贸易转向和竞争效应C 大市场效应和竞争效应D 贸易创造和大市场效应2 在幼稚产业的判定标准中，强调技术外溢和外部规模经济效果的是() CA 李斯特标准B 穆勒标准C 肯普标准D 巴斯塔布尔标准3 征收进口关税对于进口国来说() CA 有利于进口国消费者B 使国内同类产品的生产减少C 有利于进口竞争品的生产者D 限制进口的作用大于进口配额4 假定每单位X产品的生产需要20单位劳动与4单位土地，每单位Y产品的生产需要1单位劳动与4单位土地，如果本国有1200单位劳动与2000单位土地，外国有800单位劳动与1000单位土地，则根据H－O理论可推出() BA X是土地密集型产品，本国出口X产品B Y是土地密集型产品，本国出口Y产品C X是土地密集型产品，外国出口X产品D Y是土地密集型产品，外国出口Y产品5 在国际比价保持不变的情况下，偏向进口的生产要素增长会使() DA 出口品和进口竞争品的产量均下降B 贸易规模不变C 贸易规模扩大D 贸易规模缩减6 假设一国的边际储蓄倾向为0.2，边际进口倾向为0.1，且最初该国的国际收支处于平衡状态，该国出口增加100万美元将使国际收支出现()万美元的顺差。

CA 100B 33.3C 66.7D 507 在商品的国际比价保持不变的情况下，偏向出口的生产要素增长会() BA 扩大进口替代品生产规模B 使进出口贸易规模扩大C 使出口贸易规模缩减D 使进口贸易规模缩减8 A国边际进口倾向为0.2，边际储蓄倾向为0.5，2008年该国出口增加100亿美元。

为了维持国际收支平衡，该国应该() BA 增加投资40亿美元B 增加投资250亿美元C 减少投资40亿美元D 减少投资250亿美元9 根据相对购买力平价理论，2014年1美元兑换6元人民币；若2015年中国的通货膨胀率为4%，美国的通货膨胀率为6%，则美元兑换人民币的理论汇率应该是() AA 1美元兑5.886元人民币B 1美元兑6.115元人民币C 1美元兑4元人民币D 1美元兑9元人民币10 下列哪个项目不属于中国国际收支平衡表中的经常项目内容() BA 中国政府向塞拉利昂捐助的抗埃博拉专项资金B 中国企业利用在非洲投资所获得的资本收益进行的当地再投资资金C 中国在非洲的建筑工人获得工资性收入D 中国居民购买阿里巴巴股票获得的股息收入11 假设美国资本相对丰裕，汽车相对纺织品而言是资本密集型产品，与国际贸易以前相比() AA 美国汽车与纺织品生产中所投入的资本/劳动力的比重都将下降B 美国汽车与纺织品生产中所投入的资本/劳动力的比重都将上升C 美国汽车生产的资本/劳动力的比重将上升，同时纺织品生产的资本/劳动力的比重将下降D 美国汽车生产的资本/劳动力的比重将下降，同时纺织品生产的资本/劳动力的比重将上升12 通常与进口替代战略相配合的政策措施包括() BA 降低关税壁垒B 高估本币价值C 放松外汇管制D 减少非关税壁垒13 下列哪项定理描述了要素增长对生产的影响() BA 赫克歇尔－俄林定理（Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem）B 罗伯津斯基定理（Rybczynski Theorem）C 赫克歇尔－俄林－萨谬尔森定理（H-O-S Theorem）D 斯托尔珀－萨谬尔森定理（Stolper-Samuelson Theorem）14 若dx表示某国的出口需求弹性，dm为进口需求弹性，sx为出口供给弹性，sm为进口供给弹性，则马歇尔—勒纳条件可表示为dx+dm的绝对值() AA 大于1B 小于1C 等于1D 等于015 下列有关新贸易理论的说法哪一项是不正确的() DA 新贸易理论主要以规模经济与不完全竞争市场结构为前提B 新贸易理论主要是解释产业内贸易现象C 各国分工形成存在先行优势D 新贸易理论强调政府没有必要对自由贸易进行干预16 出口导向战略的主要理论依据是() CA 二元结构理论B 幼稚产业保护论C 比较利益理论D 中心—外围理论17 假定美国生产单位X产品和单位Y产品分别需要投入8单位劳动与2单位劳动，而中国生产单位X产品和单位Y产品分别需要投入15单位劳动与12单位劳动，则() AA 美国在X产品和Y产品生产中都具有绝对优势B 中国在X产品和Y产品生产中都具有绝对优势C 美国只在X产品生产中具有比较优势D 中国只在Y产品生产中具有比较优势18 在下列()情况下，本国加入关税同盟的动机较小 DA 本国与其他成员之间贸易商品的成本差别较大B 本国对贸易商品的供给弹性较大C 本国对贸易商品的需求弹性较大D 伙伴国与非成员国同种贸易商品的价格或成本差别较大19 根据国际收支调整的货币方法，如果初始状态时国内货币市场处于均衡状态，则该国紧缩信贷会导致() BA 国际收支逆差B 国际收支顺差C J曲线效应D 对国际收支的影响不确定20 “荷兰病”可以用以下哪种理论加以解释() CA 斯托尔帕-萨缪尔森定理B 赫克歇尔-俄林定理C 罗伯津斯基定理D 李嘉图比较优势理论2 多选题1 在货币主义的汇率决定理论中与汇率（直接标价法）呈正函数关系的变量是() B C DA 本国国民收入B 外国国民收入C 本国的利息率D 本国货币供给2 下列关于产业内贸易程度的叙述，正确的是() A B CA 技术要求高的行业，产业内贸易程度高B 产品多样化的行业，产业内贸易程度高C 资本密集度高的行业，产业内贸易程度高D 规模收益不变的行业，产业内贸易程度高3 按照调节机制划分，属于国际收支收入调整论的是() B DA 货币论B 吸收论C 弹性论D 乘数论4 下列属于国际收支平衡表经常项目统计内容的是() A B CA 商品和服务贸易B 经常转移C 投资收益D 对外直接投资利润再投资5 一般而言，适合选择出口导向战略的国家所应具有的特点包括() A B DA 内部市场相对比较狭小B 国内自然资源比较稀缺C 具有“二元经济”特征D 具有廉价劳动力的优势6 下列哪些情况下，加入关税同盟使本国福利增加的可能性更大() A B CA 本国对贸易商品的供给弹性较大B 本国对贸易商品的需求弹性较大C 本国与同盟伙伴国之间贸易商品的生产成本差别较大D 同盟伙伴国与非成员国之间贸易商品的生产成本差别较大7 根据国际收支调整的弹性理论，下列()条件下汇率贬值能改善国际收支状况。

国际经济学作业4word精品

1. “中国加入世贸组织会造成工人工资下降，失业增加。

”你同意这种观点吗？请说明理由。

答：不同意。

在长期而言，根据斯托尔珀一萨米尔森定理可知，国际贸易使在出口产品中密集使用的生产要素报酬提高，在进口产品生产中密集使用的生产要素的报酬降低。

据现状可知中国出口劳动密集型产品，进口资本密集型产品，则其要素报酬可以用等式表示为：出口行业：劳动力报酬（上升）=P X（短期上升）“ MP,长期上升）资本报酬（？）=Px（短期上升）-MP K（长期下降）进口行业：劳动力报酬（？）= p （短期下降）* MP L（长期上升）资本报酬（下降）=R（短期下降）-MP（长期下降）又根据H-O-S定理，即生产要素价格均等化定理，出口行业和进口行业的资本报酬和劳动力报酬在长期是趋向均等的，就可以确定在出口行业的资本报酬也是下降的，在进口行业的劳动力报酬是上升的。

因此，中国工人工资是上升的，且处于供不应求状态，需求增加，不会增加失业。

2. “自由贸易使穷国受损富国收益。

”请评论答：这种观点是错误的。

根据比较优势理论，不管一个国家是穷国还是富国，其只需要通过出口具有比较优势的产品进口具有比较劣势的产品来达到专业化的分工生产，优化资源配置，同时增进本国的社会福利水平。

图示分析如下:假设一国拥有生产小麦的相对优势和生产钢铁的相对劣势，国内比价线为P o国际比价线为R。

则由于小麦的国际价格高于国内，此国将出口小麦进口钢铁。

此时，由生产可能性曲线和相对价格曲线的交点得出国内生产组合为点D,由社会无差异曲线和国际比价线的交点得出国内消费组合为点C。

相比于原来的消费组合A来说，C点所在的社会无差异曲线更远离原点，即代表了更高的社会福利水平。

所以，每一个国家都可以从国际贸易中受益，而不管它富国还是穷国。

3. 在特定要素模型中，试讨论以下定理是否继续成立？（1）斯托尔珀---萨缪尔森定理（2）雷布津斯基定理答：（1）S-S定理认为：长期而言，在出口行业密集使用的生产要素价格提高，在进口行业密集使用的要素价格会降低。

南开19春学期(1709、1803、1809、1903)《国际经济学》在线作业(答案)

A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)48:一般来说，技术要求越高、资本使用越密集、产品多样化的行业，产业内贸易程度高。
A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)49:进口有利于出口部门专门生产要素的收入提高。
A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)50:相对技术差异论可以部分地解释经济技术发展水平和层次不同的国家之间进行贸易的基础。
A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)33:关税同盟是比共同市场一体化程度更高的区域经济一体化组织。
A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)34:如果预测三个月后美元将贬值，则可以进行的远期交易投机为买入三个月美元期汇。
A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)35:根据国际收支调整的货币分析法，从货币供求均衡的角度看，一国贸易收支或国际收支逆差实际上来源于该国货币存量的过度供给。
C:生产中存在特定生产要素
D:生产要素在一国范围内各部门间自由流动
正确答案:
(单选题)17:当一国政府对某种产品征收进口关税时，若该产品的需求弹性大于供给弹性，生产者与消费者承担关税的程度是()
A:前者大于后者
B:后者大于前者
C:相等
D:不确定
正确答案:
(单选题)18:若一国边际储蓄倾向为0.1，边际进口倾向为0.2，则该国出口和政府购买支出各增加300亿美元将使其贸易收支()
A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)36:斯托尔珀-萨缪尔逊定理描述的是生产要素增长对产量的影响。
A:错误
B:正确
正确答案:
(判断题)37:国际贸易会导致出口部门特定要素的实际收入上升，进口部门特定要素的实际收入下降。

《国际经济学》作业参考答案

２．幼稚产业理论：是从动态角度提出了保护那些具有潜在优势的新兴产业的观点，但这种保护是一种暂时性的。

３．战略性贸易政策：该政策是针对一种特殊的不完全竞争市场结构---寡头垄断市场结构提出的。

战略性贸易政策最为强调的政策主张有两种：一是出口补贴，而是进口保护以促进出口。

４．一国所拥有的两种生产要素的相对比例。

这是一个相对概念，与一国所拥有的生产要素的绝对数量无关。

国际经济学作业答案-第四章

Chapter 4 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin ModelMultiple Choice Questions1. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would(a) move the point of production along the production possibility curve.(b) shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.(c) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensiveproduct.(d) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the capital-intensive product.(e) None of the above.Answer: D2. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ in(a) tastes.(b) military capabilities.(c) size.(d) relative availabilities of factors of production.(e) labor productivities.Answer: D3. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, a change from autarky (no trade) to trade willbenefit the owners of(a) capital.(b) the relatively abundant factor of production.(c) the relatively scarce factor of production.(d) the relatively inelastic factor of production.(e) the factor of production with the largest elasticity of substitution.Answer: B4. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, a change from autarky (no trade) to trade(a) will tend to make the wages in both countries more similar.(b) will equalize the wages in both countries.(c) will tend to make the wages in both countries less similar.(d) will tend to make wages equal to returns to capital.(e) will tend to make rents equal to interest rates.Answer: A5. The Leontieff Paradox(a) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.(b) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(c) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.(d) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(e) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.Answer: D6. The Leontieff Paradox(a) refers to the finding that U.S. exports were more labor intensive than its imports.(b) refers to the finding that U.S. Exports were more capital intensive than its exports.(c) refers to the finding that the U.S. produces outside its Edgeworth Box.(d) still accurately applies to today’s pattern of U.S. international trade.(e) refers to the fact that Leontieff—an American economist—had a Russian name.Answer: A7. The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and Sveikauskas(a) supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.(b) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(c) used a two-country and two-product framework.(d) demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies.(e) proved that the U.S.’s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor.Answer: A8. Empirical observations on actual North-South trade patterns tend to(a) support the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.(b) support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.(c) support the validity of the Rybczynski Theorem.(d) support the validity of the wage equalization theorem.(e) support the validity of the neo-imperialism exploitation theory.Answer: B9. The Case of the Missing Trade refers to(a) the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys’ Mystery series.(b) the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.(c) the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.(d) the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.(e) None of the above.Answer: C10. If the Unted States had relatively more capital per worker than Mexico, and if the Leontieff Paradoxapplied to this trade, then a successful expansion of trade under NAFTA between Mexico and the United States would tend to benefit which group in the United States?(a) Environmentalists(b) Capitalists(c) Workers(d) Land owners(e) Skilled labor with relatively high levels of human capitalAnswer: C11. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the source of comparative advantage is a country’s(a) technology.(b) advertising.(c) human capital.(d) factor endowments.(e) Both (a) and (b).Answer: D12. The Hechscher-Ohlin model states that a country will have a comparative advantage in the good orservice whose production is relatively intensive in the ______ with which the country is relatively abundant.(a) tastes(b) technology(c) factor of production(d) opportunity cost(e) scale economyAnswer: C13. One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparativeadvantage is by assuming that __________ is (are) identical in all countries.(a) factor of production endowments(b) scale economies(c) factor of production intensities(d) technology(e) opportunity costsAnswer: D14. According to the Hecksher-Ohlin model,(a) everyone automatically gains from trade(b) the scarce factor necessarily gains from trade(c) the gainers could compensate the losers and still retain gains.(d) a country gains if its exports have a high value added.(e) None of the above.Answer: C15. The Heckscher-Ohlin model assumes that _____ are identical in all trading countries(a) tastes(b) technologies(c) factor endowments(d) Both (a) and (b).(e) None of the above.Answer: B16. As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returnsin the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trade(a) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.(b) countries will benefit from free international trade.(c) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.(d) comparative advantage is primarily supply related.(e) None of the above.Answer: A17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relativelylabor abundant, then once trade begins(a) wages and rents should rise in H(b) wages and rents should fall in H(c) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.(d) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.(e) None of the above.Answer: C18. Which of the following is false (for the Heckscher-Ohlin model)?(a) If tastes are not identical in both countries, wages may still equalize.(b) Differences in technologies could be the source of gains from trade.(c) Some groups may gain and some may lose due to trade.(d) Gains for the trade-related winners will tend to be larger than losses of losers.(e) None of the above.Answer: B19. If tastes differed between countries, this could affect(a) wage equalization due to trade with no specialization.(b) the direction of trade (who exports what to whom).(c) the fact that some groups in a country might lose welfare due to trade.(d) the fact that the country as a whole will gain from trade.(e) None of the above.Answer: B20. Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively landendowed while the European Union is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,(a) European landowners should support U.S.-European free trade.(b) European capitalists should support U.S.-European free trade.(c) all capitalists in both countries should support free trade.(d) all landowners should support free trade.(e) None of the above.Answer: B21. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United States is richly endowed in human-capitalrelative to Mexico, then as NAFTA increasingly leads to more bilateral free trade between the two countries,(a) the United States will find its industrial base sucked into Mexico.(b) Mexico will find its relatively highly skilled workers drawn to the United States.(c) The wages of highly skilled U.S. workers will be drawn down to Mexican levels.(d) The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will rise to those in the United States.(e) The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will fall to those in the United States.Answer: E22. Assume that only two countries, A and B, exist.Consider the following data:CountriesFactor Endowments A BLabor Force 45 20Capital Stock 15 10If good S is capital intensive, then following the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory,(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) Insufficient information is given.Answer: B23. Continuing from Question #22, if you are told that Country B is very much richer than Country A,then the correct answer is:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) insufficient information is given.Answer: B24. Continuing from Question #22, you are told that Country B is very much larger than country A. Thecorrect answer is:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) insufficient information is given.Answer: B25. Continuing from Question #22, you are told that Country B has no minimum wage or child laborlaws. Now the correct answer is:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) Insufficient information is given.Answer: B26. Continuing from Question #22, you now are told that the labor unions representing the workers ineach of the two respective countries are considering lobbying against the opening of international trade between these two countries. Note that workers’ income is derived solely from wages.(a) This would be a misguided decision from the viewpoint of the workers in both countries, sincetrade is always better than autarky.(b) This would be a good decision from the viewpoint of workers in Country A since internationaltrade helps the capitalists and hurts the workers.(c) This would be a good decision from the viewpoint of workers in Country B since internationaltrade helps the owners of capital and hurts the workers.(d) This would be a good decision for both unions since trade hurts workers wherever they live.(e) None of the above.Answer: C27. We are now told that the information given us in Question #22 was not exactly accurate, and that infact S is relatively capital intensive only when relative wages are high, but becomes relatively labor intensive when relative wages are low. Given this information:(a) country A will export good S.(b) country B will export good S.(c) both countries will export good S.(d) trade will not occur between these two countries.(e) Insufficient information is given.Answer: E28. The following are all assumptions that must be accepted in order to apply the Heckscher-OhlinTheory, except for one:(a) countries differ in their endowments of factors of production.(b) countries differ in their technologies.(c) there are two factors of production.(d) production is subject to constant returns to scale.(e) one product always requires more machines per worker in its production than does the otherproduct.Answer: B29. In international-trade equilibrium in the Heckscher-Ohlin model,(a) the capital rich country will charge less for the capital intensive good than the price paid by thecapital poor country for the capital-intensive good.(b) the capital rich country will charge the same price for the capital intensive good as that paid forit by the capital poor country.(c) the capital rich country will charge more for the capital intensive good than the price paid by thecapital poor country for the capital-intensive good.(d) the workers in the capital rich country will earn more than those in the poor country.(e) the workers in the capital rich country will earn less than those in the poor country.Answer: B30. If two countries were very different in their relative factor availabilities, then we would not expectwhich of the following to be empirically supported?(a) The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem(b) The Factor Price Equalization Theorem.(c) The Law of One Price(d) The Law of Demand(e) None of the above.Answer: B31. When Country A produces both goods more efficiently than Country B, then(a) country A should produce both goods and not trade.(b) country A should specialize in its good of least absolute disadvantage.(c) both countries would benefit from autarky.(d) both countries may not benefit from trade.(e) None of the above.Answer: E32. The minimum information required to determine Country A’s comparative advantage is(a) the number of hours of labor in the economy of A.(b) ratio of labor inputs for products S and T in A.(c) total available labor, labor required per unit of S, and labor required per unit of T in A.(d) total available labor and the ratio of labor inputs for S and T in A.(e) None of the above.Answer: E33. The slope of a country’s PPF reflects(a) the opportunity cost of product S in terms of product T.(b) the opportunity cost of T in terms of money prices.(c) the opportunity cost of S or T in terms of S.(d) Both (a) and (b).(e) Both (a) and (c).Answer: A34. The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts all of the following except:(a) which country will export which product.(b) which factor of production within each country will gain from trade.(c) the volume of trade.(d) that wages will tend to become equal in both trading countries.(e) None of the above.Answer: C35. The Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardian model of Comparative Advantage in that theformer(a) has only two countries.(b) has only two products.(c) has two factors of production.(d) has two production possibility frontiers (one for each country).(e) None of the above.Answer: C36. International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore, international trade(a) is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.(b) will tend to hurt one trading country.(c) will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.(d) will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.(e) will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.Answer: C37. Factors tend to be specific to certain uses and products(a) in countries lacking comparative advantage.(b) in the short run.(c) in capital-intensive industries.(d) in labor-intensive industries.(e) in countries lacking fair labor laws.Answer: B38. If the price of the capital intensive product rises more than does the price of the land intensiveproduct, then(a) demand will shift away from the capital-intensive product, and its production will decrease.(b) demand will shift away from the capital-intensive product, and its production will decreaserelative to that of the land intensive product.(c) the production of the capital-intensive product will indeed decrease, but not for the reasonsmentioned in (a) or (b).(d) the countries exporting the capital-intensive good will lose its comparative advantage.(e) None of the above.Answer: E39. If Australia has relatively more land per worker, and Belgium has relatively more capital per worker,then if trade were to open up between these two countries,(a) the relative price of the capital-intensive product would rise in Australia.(b) the world price of the land-intensive product would be higher than it had been in Belgium.(c) the world price of the land intensive product would be higher than it had been in Australia.(d) the relative price of the land intensive product would rise in Belgium.(e) None of the above.Answer: C40. If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade wereto open up between these two countries,(a) the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.(b) the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise.(c) the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.(d) the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall.(e) the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise.Answer: D41. If trade opens up between the two formerly autarkic countries, Australia and Belgium, then(a) the real income of Australia and of Belgium will increase.(b) the real income of Australia but not of Belgium will increase.(c) the real income of neither country will increase.(d) the real income of both countries may increase.(e) the real income of both countries will increase.Answer: D42. If the price of food (a land intensive product) rises, then the income of capital owners will fallbecause(a) capital owners consume only food.(b) the real wage in terms of manufactures rises.(c) they must pay higher wages to maintain subsistence levels.(d) food is an element of organic capital for capitalists.(e) None of the above.Answer: B43. If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relativelyland intense then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will(a) lead to perfect specialization with Japan alone producing manufactures.(b) create a world relative price of food that is lower than that of the U.S.(c) lower the price of food in both countries.(d) raise the price of food in both countries.(e) None of the above.Answer: E44. The reason trade clearly benefits a country is that(a) it raises the real income of the more productive elements in society.(b) it lowers the real income of the less productive elements in society.(c) it increases the levels of consumption of everyone.(d) it increases society’s consumption choices.(e) None of the above.Answer: D45. As compared to potential gainers, those who stand to lose from trade(a) are likely to migrate to another country.(b) tend to be more effectively organized politically.(c) tend to reject compensation as smacking of socialism.(d) are universally opposed by economists who consider them parasites.(e) None of the above.Answer: B46. Those who stand to gain from trade(a) do not really care about the issue of income redistribution.(b) could not compensate losers since there are so many poor people.(c) could compensate losers but would rather not in modern industrial economies.(d) compensate losers at least partially through such legislation as unemployment compensation, orretraining grants.(e) None of the above.Answer: D47. Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby the government to(a) shift the direction of comparative advantage.(b) abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application.(c) provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors.(d) provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.(e) None of the above.Answer: D48. It was found that when the United States imposed steel quotas, this caused harm not only to steelconsumers, but also to many producers for whom steel is an important input. This insight(a) suggests that general equilibrium models of tariffs will demonstrate that the partial equilibriumdeadweight loss triangles tend to overstate the tariff harm.(b) suggests that the deadweight loss triangles from partial equilibrium models tend to understatethe harm to society of protectionism.(c) suggests that it is quite sensible that producers tend to support quotas.(d) suggests that steel production is an infant industry in the U.S.(e) None of the above.Answer: B49. It was found that when the United States placed quotas on imported Japanese semiconductors, thisharmed the international competitiveness of U.S. computer manufacturers. This is a good illustration of the principle that(a) trade benefits the factor that is specific to the export sector.(b) protectionism helps manufacturers but harms consumers.(c) protectionism harms the factor that is specific to the export sector.(d) effective protection is not the same as a nominal tariff or tariff equivalent.(e) None of the above.Answer: D50. Ricardo’s model of comparative advantage demonstrated no harm to any g roup in the economyas a result of free trade. This was probably because(a) Ricardo did not understand the concept of diminishing returns.(b) the specific factor model had not yet been invented.(c) Heckscher and Ohlin had not yet been born.(d) a model, which demonstrated such harm, would have been counter-productive to Ricardo’spolitical or polemical aims.(e) None of the above.Answer: D51. When the Napoleonic Wars were over, the Corn Laws were enacted in England. This may beunderstood in terms of the following:(a) The Hecksher-Ohlin model.(b) The intra-trade model.(c) The monopolistic competition model(d) The scale economies model(e) None of the above.Answer: A52. If Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, followingthe specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage in(a) manufactures.(b) food.(c) both manufactures and food.(d) neither manufactures nor food.(e) Not enough information given.Answer: E53. If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even lessproductive capital, then, following the specific factor model, in order to help the country’s economic welfare, the Gambinian government should(a) protect the manufacturing sector.(b) protect the agricultural sector.(c) protect both sectors.(d) not resort to protectionism(e) None of the above.Answer: DEssay Questions1. “A good cannot be both land- and labor-intensive.” Discuss.Answer: In a two good, two factor model, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin framework, the factor intensities are relative intensities. Hence, the relevant statistic is either workers peracre (or acres per worker); or wage per rental unit (or rental per wage). In order toillustrate the logic of the statement above, let us assume that the production of a broomrequires 4 workers and 1 acre. Also, let us assume that the production of one bushel ofwheat requires 40 workers and 80 acres. In this case the acres per person required toproduce a broom is one quarter, whereas to produce a bushel of wheat requires 2 acres perperson. The wheat is therefore (relatively) land intensive, and the broom is (relatively)labor intensive.2. “No country is abundant in everything.” Discuss.Answer: the concept of relative (country) factor abundance is (like factor intensities) a relative concept. When we identify a country as being capital intensive, we mean that it has morecapital per worker than does the other country. If one country has more capital workerthan another, it is an arithmetic impossibility that it also has more workers per unit capital.3. There is frequently a conflict between short-term and long-term interests in trade. Discuss.Answer: In trade models, the short term is typically defined as that (conceptual) period of time in which both the technology and the amount of factors of production are given and cannotbe changed. When we state that free trade can be shown to be an optimal policy undercertain circumstances, we mean that in the short run, this policy can bring a country to anoptimum level of consumption. However, there is no inconsistency in the proposition thatthe optimum short run solution may not be the solution, which maximizes the likelihoodof economic expansion or growth (the long run). For example, a policy which maximizesconsumption may not take into account inter-temporal preferences, and hence may “short-change” future generations (or those who care for future generations).4. International trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices. Discuss.Answer: This statement is typically “true . . . but.” Under a strict and limited set of assumptions, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin model which excludes country specific technologies;non- homothetic tastes; factor intensity reversals; large country differences in (relative)factor abundances, more factors than goods, and an equilibrium solution within the “coneof specialization”; then it may be demonstrated that internal consistency demands that theabove state d sentence is “true.” However, the minute one relaxes any of the above listedassumptions one may easily identify solutions, which contradict the factor priceequalization theorem.5. Countries that are willing to tolerate an unusually high quantity of pollution relative to their suppliesof other factors would tend to export “pollution-intensive” goods. Discuss using the Hechscher-Ohlin (H.O.) model.Answer: This statement is badly crafted. It seems to imply that pollution per say is a proper factor of production. That is, just as if you add a worker, you get additional product, so themarginal product of pollution is positive. The problem here is that pollution is not reallya factor of production, but rather an externality, which may be more typical of importedgoods than exported ones. In such a case, the statement above is false.6. Countries do not in fact export the goods the H.O. theory predicts. Discuss.Answer: This statement is not true. Although one may find many cases where it seems to be true(e.g. the Leontieff Paradox), all one needs to do in order to render the above statement not(generally) true is to find one counter example. In fact, one can find large subsets ofagricultural and commodity products in which the H.O predictions are generally fulfilled.Labor-intensive countries such as Bangladesh do in fact export relatively labor-intensivegoods. Capital-intensive countries such as Germany do in fact export capital-intensiveproducts (at least to South countries). Countries such as Costa R ica (“sunshine abundant”)tend to export bananas (sunshine-intensive products). The U.S. (a wheat-land-abundantcountry) does indeed export wheat (a wheat-land intensive product). In fact, since theearly 1980s, the Leontieff Paradox was not found to describe the U.S. trade data (henceratifying the H.O. theory).7. Why is the H.O. model called the factor-proportions theory?Answer: The H.O. model explores the nature and the limitations of assuming that the sole determinant of comparative advantage is inter-country differences in (relative) factorproportions.8. Why do we observe the Leontief paradox?Answer: There are many possible answers. They may be classified into three groups. One would argue that the model, or theory is wrong. The other would argue that the theory is correct(internally consistent and descriptive of real world data), but the real world data isincorrectly perceived, defined or measured. The third would argue that the statement itselfis wrong, and that in fact the Leontieff paradox itself is not actually observed, but rather isdue to faulty logical rendering of the original model.。

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A.套汇交易
B.套利交易
C.外汇期货交易
D.外汇期权交易
答案:A
5.从（）以后，欧元区内各国的原货币完全退出流通，欧元成为欧元区内国家唯一的货币。
A.2002年7月1日
B.2002年1月1日
C.2000年7月1日 DΒιβλιοθήκη 1991年1月1日答案:A
6.发达国家劳务输出的结构特点是（）。
A.货币黄金
B.特别提款权
C.外汇资产
D.国际金融机构贷款
答案:ABC
13.国际收支账户所记录的经常项目包括（）。
A.贸易和服务
B.经常转移
C.知识产权
D.收入
答案:ABD
14.征收关税的目标在于（）。
A.增加进口国生产企业的产量
B.增加进口国企业的经济利润
C.减少外国进口产品的销售价格
19秋《国际经济学》作业4
试卷总分:100 得分:100
一、单选题 (共 10 道试题,共 50 分)
1.购买力平价理论的基本思想是：不同货币之间的兑换比率取决于它们各自具有的（）的对比。
A.购买力
B.汇率
C.利率
D.价值
答案:A
2.下列不属于浮动汇率制度类型的是（）。
A.联合浮动汇率制度
B.资本项目
C.经常项目
D.官方结算项目
答案:A
二、多选题 (共 5 道试题,共 25 分)
11.以下关于布雷顿森林体系说法正确的有（）。
A.美国可利用该国际货币制度谋取特殊利益
B.推行浮动汇率制，减少外汇风险
C.建立多边结算体系
D.建立国际货币基金组织
答案:ACD
12.国际收支平衡表中，储备资产的内容应包括（）。
答案:错误
20.经济联盟是经济一体化的最高级形态。
答案:错误
D.减少外国生产企业的进口量
答案:ABD
15.非关税壁垒除进口配额外，还包括（）。
A.“自愿”出口限制
B.歧视性政府采购政策
C.新兴贸易壁垒
D.国产化程度要求
答案:ABCD
三、判断题 (共 5 道试题,共 25 分)
16.货币分析法认为，国际收支赤字的根本原因是国内货币供给大于国内货币需求。
A.非要素性劳务输出中的生产性服务
B.非要素性劳务输出中的消费性服务
C.要素性劳务输出
D.大规模劳务输出
答案:A
7.规模经济是指( )。
A.要素投入的增加导致产出的增加
B.产品的单位成本随产量增加而递增
C.产品的单位成本随产量增加而递减
D.产品的单位成本不随产量变化
答案:C
答案:正确
17.跨国公司内部的贸易只要跨越国界，都应作为国际贸易记入相关国家的国际收支账上。
答案:正确
18.调节国际收支失衡的货币法的核心思想是：通过调整国内货币供给调控国内需求，进而调整国际收支的变动。
答案:正确
19.在外汇市场上，如果投机者预测日元将会贬值，美元将会升值，即进行卖出美元买入日元的即期外汇交易。
8.率先针对生产要素禀赋理论进行实证分析的经济学家是（）。
A.里昂惕夫
B.萨缪尔森
C.斯托尔珀
D.俄林
答案:A
9.现行的国际货币体系是（）。
A.经济一体化阶段
B.牙买加体系阶段
C.布雷顿森林体系阶段
D.国际金本位阶段
答案:B
10.国际收支中的调整项目是指（）。
A.错误与遗漏项目
B.有管理的浮动汇率制度
C.可调整的固定汇率制度
D.单独浮动汇率制度
答案:C
3.布雷顿森林体系的特点之一是：它是一个全球性的（）。
A.国际银本位制
B.国际金汇兑本位制
C.国际金本位制
D.国际复本位制
答案:B
4.利用同一时间、不同地点两种相同货币汇率的不一致，以低价买入、高价卖出该种货币来谋取利润的一种外汇交易称为（）。

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