护理科研Chapter_8-1

14
2013-7-14
5

New Terms
Preexperimental design 预试验设计 Pretest data 试验前资料 Pretest-posttest design 试验前后设计 Process analysis 过程分析 Prospective study 前瞻性研究 Quasi-experimental research 类试验研究 Random assignment 随机分配 Randomization 随机性 Repeated-measures design 重复测量研究 Research control 研究控制 Research protocol 研究方案 Retrospective study 回顾性研究 Rival hypothesis before-after comparison Between-subject comparison :same time

Eg. emotional consequences of having an abortion by comparing women who had an abortion with women who delivered a baby.
2013-7-14
9
Considerations in quantitative research designs

1.Will there be an intervention? Eg: an innovative program to promote BSE (breast self examination)
4
New Terms
Level 水平 Longitudinal study 纵向研究 Main effects 主要效果 Manipulation 操纵 Matching 配对 Maturation threat 成熟威胁 Mediating variable 媒介变量 Mortality 病死 Threat 威胁，预兆 2013-7-14 effects Net 净效果

Nonequivalent
control-group after-only design 非等价对照组试验后设计 Nonequivalent control-group before-after design 非等价对照组试验前后设计 Nonexperimental research 非试验研究 One-group before-after design 试验前后调查组的设计 Outcome analysis 后果分析 Panel study 定组研究 Posttest data 试验后资料 Posttest-only design 仅研究试验后效果的设计
11
2013-7-14

2.What types of comparison will be made?


Comparison is a method constantly used by researchers within their study to help make the results more clearly interpreted. Different types of comparison:


2013-7-14
2
New Terms





After only design 仅研究治疗后效果设计 Analysis of covariance 协方差分析 Attrition 退出 Baseline data 基线资料，本底资料 Before-after design 前后对照设计 Between-subjects design 不同试验对象设计 Case-control design 病例对照研究 Cell 单元格
Chapter 8
Understanding Quantitative
Research Design 量性研究的设计
Tong Ji Hospital Huang Haishan
2013-7-14 1
Student objectives

Describe the decisions that are specified in a research design for a quantitative study Describe the characteristics of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental designs and discuss their strengths and weaknesses Identify several specific designs(e.g.repeated-measures design, nonequivalent control-group design,retrospective design) and describe some of their advantages and disadvantages
2013-7-14
12

3.What procedures will be used to control extraneous variables? (or random variables)?


They constitute all factors that have an effect on the dependent variable. An underlying aim of experimental approach is the alterations in the independent variable lead to change in dependent variable, it’s essential that any extraneous variables are considered during the planning stage of study.
2013-7-14
13
Extraneous variables may be of three kinds:



Participant variables – e.g. gender, being left or right handed, IQ. Investigator variables – e.g. different investigators collecting data from different respondents, who may get different results because of their gender, ethnic background, etc. Situational variables – eg. hunger, fatigue or other environmental factors.

2013-7-14
7
What’s quantitative study?

Research design spells out the strategies ,which the researcher plans to adopt to develop information that is accurate and interpretable.





Selection threat 选择威胁 Self-report 自我报告 Self-selection 自我选择 Survey 调查 Systematic bias 系统偏倚 Table of random numbers 随机数字表 Threats to internal validity 内在效度的预兆 Time-series design 时间序列研究 Treatment 治疗 Trend study 趋势研究 Within-subjects design 同一研究对象设计
2013-7-14

Clinical trial 临床试验 Comparison group 比较组 Constancy of conditions 条件的稳定性


Control group 对照组 Correlational research 相关性研究 Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析 Crossover design 交叉（给药）设计 Cross-sectional study 横断研究 Descriptive correlational study 3 描述相关性研究
What’s the key difference between experimental research and nonexperimental research?
2013-7-14 10
Terms




Independent variable(自变量):A manipulated variable in an experiment or a study whose presence or degree determines the change in the dependent variable. Dependent variable(因变量):A variable whose value is determined by the value of the independent variable. Eg. Relationship between BSE and incidence of breast cancer Extraneous variable （外变量）
New Terms
Descriptive research 描述性研究 Double-blind experiment 双盲试验 Evaluations 评估 Ex post facto research 前瞻性研究 Experimental research 试验研究 Experimental group 试验组 External validity 外在效度 Extraneous variable 外在变量 2013-7-14 Factor 因素