2011新课标卷高考对高三复习备考的启示

2011新课标高考对高三英语复习备考的启示英语组李长生2011年高考已经顺利结束，今年是河南省省第一次使用新课标卷试题。

分析今年的高考阅读理解试题可以看出，试题保持了英语学科命题思路和风格，贴近生活，贴近时代，比较适合学生口味。

对今年的试题进行分析，把握新课标卷的新特点，对于我们的高三复习备考起着至关重要的作用。

下面对每个答题进行一对一的评价，品味高考命题专家对我们的启示与导向。

2011年命题趋向：阅读材料更趋向于多样化和“原汁原味”，并追求阅读材料的真实性、实用性和教育性的统一；阅读文章贴近生活，内容新，时代感强；阅读词汇量会逐步有所加大，这就要求我们不断提高阅读速度；句子长度递增，难度加大。

解题步骤可以总结为一套解题程序，也就是“三步走”，即：第一步，快速阅读整篇文章，特别注意，绝对不可细读，学会跳读，略读。

每段只要了解大意即可。

（一般前面三句读懂就行）。

第二步，读题目（主要是题干），找关键词；先仔细阅读题目，找出题干中的关键词。

关键词一般是题干主谓宾的实词或者特征明显的词（人名、地名、时间、数字等）。

（根据题目的关键词）读原文，找命题点；有目的地在原文中搜索相关信息。

将题目中的关键词先定位到原文中的一个段落，进而定位到相关句子。

要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文内容的顺序基本一致。

关键词的确定也有技巧：如果题目或选项中有专有名词（人名、地名等）、数字（年代、时间等）要将此定位为关键词。

因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案；如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。

第三步，对照题目和命题点，选择最佳答案；常见的正确选项是对原文命题点的原文再现、同义转述或二者的结合；高档题可能还需要考生进行一定的归纳、总结、推理或概括，但一切都要严格依照原文命题点，避免主观判断。

下面对关键词寻找举例说明：72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions? 07年全国二卷65. Right after McKenzie came back, the other children were _____. 08年全国一卷69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays? 08年全国二卷59. Where can visitors have lunch? 08年江苏卷64. Parents with small children visiting the gallery ? 08年江苏卷以上是就最近几年高考题中，随机选择的几道细节题题干。

考生在预估出卷人意图时并不需要对题干进行细致精到的分析，只需要稍微把握关键词，对句意囫囵吞枣也未尝不可。

而这些“枣子”一般是那些不能被消化、被替换的词语，比如：专有名词、术语等，如果没有这些成分，一般名词或动词则应该被关注；数词在考查过程中，虽然会出现一些简单的运算，但因为其形式的独特性，所以也需要特别留意。

也就是说，在审题的过程中，关注等级为（专有）名词、动词、数词。

因此，以上五道题，着重关注的点分别是：06年北京卷—Loftus，volunteer；07年全国二卷—McKenzie，children，08年全国一卷—Snowdonia Centre，holidays，08年全国二卷—visitor，lunch，08年江苏卷—parents，children，gallery。

当考生在同一个句子，或相邻的句子中看到了这些词，或者近义词，答案就极有可能近在咫尺了。

干扰项特点：①部分正确，部分错误；②是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容，如，根据题干中的关键词定位到段落，若选项中出现这个范围之外其他段落的内容必错；③符合常识，但不是文章的内容；④与原句的内容极为相似，但程度上有些变动，如：将文中并非绝对化的内容绝对化，或偷梁换柱改动一些关键词；⑤明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符或是相反。

例题（2009年上海高考阅读理解B）：1. According to the passage, Banff’s backcountry is accessible by _____.A. cross country skiingB. horse-drawn sleigh ridingC. snowmobilingD. dogsledding2. The purpose of the writing is to ______.A. promote scenic spots in CanadaB. advertise for the sports in BanffC. introduce tourist activities in BanffD. describe breathtaking views in Banff3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among local people.B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.C. Travelers should bring their own sports equipment.D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.1. A。

注意关键词Banff’s backcountry，第四段的rovide means提供了答案。

2. C。

本文第一段的activities就提供了答案。

3. B。

由题干可知本题属于细节理解题中的细节判断题。

下面我们利用“跳读查找法”，按照选项的顺序，抓住选项中的关键词，在原文中快速查找相关信息，会很快锁定答案。

A项中的关键词是“Dogsledding”，原文中只有一处相关信息，即第二段“Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland（but not in the national park）”，其中文章中的“Popular”和选项中的“the most popular”说法太绝对，没有事实根据，可排除。

用同样的方法依次检查其他选项。

第六段“Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories.”中的“memories”和选项B中的“memorable”构成意义转换，可确定B项说法正确。

由第四段“Y ou can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.”和第五段“Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour.”可知游客不必自带运动器具，故C项说法不对。

D项明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符，无从考证。

文章结构类题目解题指导根据考纲和最近几次模拟考，可以预测此类题型极有可能出现在今年的试题中文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。

由于题目提问方式较为单一，无非是文章——段落的发展方法，因此解题的关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。

另外，此类题型最常见的考法就是根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤、过程推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点。

此时，同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断。

这些推断往往不是凭空臆断，而会在上文中给出一定的提示，或是所说明两个事物或人的其余一个，或是两种截然不同的观点的另一方面，总之，作者总会给读者最充分的证据以使读者能对文章的结构作出合理的推断。

下面我们以近两年的高考题为例看看文章结构题的解答技巧。

例1：Armstrong showed a great talent(天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. (2007年陕西卷A篇)42. The third paragraph is developed________.A. by spaceB. by examplesC. by timeD. by comparison解析：题目对节选段落所描述事件的说明方法进行设题。

此题需要从文章的细节理解着手。

节选段落描写了Armstrong的学艺历程。

从“at a boy’s home”和“In his late teens”，我们可以得知节选部分的情节发展方式是按照时间顺序进行的，因此答案为C。

例2：The Diet Zone: A Dangerous PlaceDiet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet ... We are surrounded by the word “diet”everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically （身体上）.Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over thethinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet”in food labels.On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.(2008年北京卷E篇)75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(次要点)C：Conclusion解析：答案为B。