高一下半期期末考试英语试卷带参考答案和解析(2022-2022年辽宁省大连市)

高一下半期期末考试英语试卷带参考答案和解析（2022-2022年辽宁省大连市）
Our muchmon sense can be judged mon sense means simplifying
mon sense can be developed
mon sense is quite complex
【3】What do we know about common sense?
A.It’s rooted in common people.
B.It is a side effect of mistakes.
C.It is taught by our parents.
D.It can be trained by ourselves.
【4】What is the best title of the passage?
mon Sense
B.The Success Personality
C.Personal Qualities
D.A Popular Formula
【答案】
【1】C
【2】B
【3】D
【4】B
【解析】
这是一篇议文章。

研究发现，成功最重要的人格是常识。

还有许多其他因素会影响成功，但最突出的是常识。

【1】
细节理解题。

根据第二段At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, digging into the attitudes of 1500 brilliant people selected at random (随机) from Who’s Who in America. （在Gallop组织，我们最近对成功进行了深入研究，研究了1500名从美国名人中随机挑选出来的杰出人士的态度）和第三段中Seventy-nine percent award themselves a top score in this quality. 79%的人认为自己在这方面得分最高。

由1500*79%=1185，可知大概有1200人在调查中把常识列为最重要的品质。

故选C项。

【2】
推理判断题。

根据第四段中A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: “The key ability for success is simplifying. In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry, reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important.”一位德克萨斯州的石油和天然气商人这样说：“成功的关键能力是简化。

在召开会议和处理工业问题时，将复杂问题简化为最简单的术语是非常重要的。

”可知用一位石油和天然气商人的例子来证明常识意味着简化。

故选B项。

【3】
推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their and your own mistakes. 另一种增加你常识储备的方法是观察别人，从他们和你自己的错误中学习。

可知常识可以由我们自己训练。

故选D
项。

【4】
主旨大意题。

根据第一段中Is there a “success personality”—some winning combination of qualities that leads almost essentially to achievement? 是否存在一种“成功品质”——某种成功的品质组合，几乎可以从本质上导致成功？第二段中Our research finds out a number of qualities that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is, common sense. 我们的研究发现了一些在顶级成功者中经常出现的品质。

这是最重要的一点，也就是常识。

再通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了成功最重要的人格是什么，因此选项B“成功的人格”符合题意。

故选B项。

How to Make a Difference to the World
Many people believe that they don’t have what it takes to make a difference to the world. They believe only people like Mother Teresa, Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein and Bill Gates are able to do so.【1】The following is a guide as to how small people like us can make a difference to the world.
1．It need not be an enormous task.
【2】In this case, you already have what it takes to make the world a better place.
Making a difference to the world may seem like an enormous task, but it is in fact the collective effort of everyone to make small
contributions. The size of the contribution is not what matters most. The key here is to have the heart to do it.
2．Start now.
There is no one best time to start to make a difference to the world. You don’t need to wait till you have the time to share some love; you don’t have to wait till you earn more money to share a piece of bread. Little efforts count. 【3】
3．【4】
As the saying goes, “Give a man a fish; you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.”The good that we seek to do will make more of a difference when there is a long-lasting effect rather than a temporary effect. 【5】And when more people receive education, they will in turn provide more value to the world.
A.For example, building a school will benefit many people for years to come.
B.Nobody can do everything, but everyone can do something.
C.Seek to make a long-lasting effect.
D.You can start making small contributions today.
E.If you can’t feed a hundred people, then feed just one.
F.The truth is, every one of us can make it in our own unique way.
G.Stop complaining and do something.
【答案】
【1】F
【2】E
【3】D
【4】C
【5】A
【解析】
本文是一篇议文章。

许多人只相信名人才会对世界有影响，其实每个人都可以对世界有影响，文章围绕小人物怎么去世界产生影响展开。

【1】
上一句提到“许多人只相信名人才会对世界有影响。

”承接上文，F选项“每个人都可以做到。

”切题。

该选项中的make it对应上文中的make a difference。

该选项对应下一句中的small people。

故选F项。

【2】
由下文中的“but it is in fact the collective effort of everyone to make small contributions”可知，事实上每个人的集体努力可以做出小的贡献，E选项“如果你不能喂饱一百个人，那你就喂饱一个人。

”切题。

强调个体也可以做出贡献，故选E项。

【3】
该段标题“Start now”建议我们从现在开始，和这个主题呼应，D选项“你可以今天开始做一些小的贡献。

”切题。

故选D项。

【4】
第三部分首先说了As the saying goes, “Give a man a fish; you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.”授人以鱼不如授人以渔，强调长时间的影响，C选项“long-lasting effect”和文章后一句“…when there is a long-lasting effect rather than a temporary effect.”切题。

故选C项。

【5】
上一句提到“when there is a long-lasting effect rather than a temporary effect.”有一个长期的影响而不是短暂的影响，承接上文，A选项“benefit many people for years to come.”使许多人受益多年切题。

故选A项。

完形填空
A 10-year-old American girl, Selah Schneiter spent five days climbing El Capitan with the help of her father and a family friend and reached the top of the sheer rock on June 12, 2019. It _______ takes skilled climbers four or five days to complete. She may have been _________ the youngest person to climb one of the most _______ peaks in the world.
Reaching the top “was really _______,”Selah said. “I was also kind of sad because it was over,”she _______.
Selah has been climbing since she could_______and had been asking her parents for years to climb El Capitan. And she spent nine months preparing_______ and mentally.
“Our big motto was ‘How do you eat an elephant?’‘Small _______,’”said Selah. And the only thing she feared was the possibility of a big _______ because it would mean “having to go down”.
Her mother stayed home and received daily________ about progress in EI Capitan. She knew her husband would turn back if there were any safety________. “I was worried she would ________ serious injury,”she said. “But by day four I knew they would ________. I’m just really________ of her. Her ________ astonished me.”
【1】A.merely B.typically C.entirely D.originally
【2】A.elected B.chosen C.confirmed D.ensured
【3】A.challenging B.appealing C.endangered D.horrible
【4】A.embarrassing B.thrilling C.amusing D.annoying
【5】A.repeated B.explained C.added D.reported
【6】A.speak B.write C.remember D.count
【7】A.busily B.carefully C.hurriedly D.physically
【8】A.steps B.mouths C.spoons D.bites
【9】A.wildfire B.storm C.drought D.flood
【10】A.newspapers B.donations C.updates D.treatment
【11】A.concerns B.checks C.records D.equipment
【12】A.treat B.repair C.avoid D.risk
【13】A.pass B.fail C.finish D.end
【14】A.ashamed B.afraid C.fond D.proud
【15】A.intelligence B.ambition C.perseverance D.contribution
【答案】
【1】B
【2】C
【3】A
【4】B
【5】C
【6】C
【7】D
【8】D
【9】B
【10】C
【11】A
【12】D
【13】C
【14】D
【15】C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个10岁小女孩成功登顶世界最高峰之一的故事。

【1】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：一个熟练的登山者通常要花费4到5
天才能完成。

A. merely 仅仅、只不过；B. typically通常地、典型地；
C. entirely 完全地；
D. originally原始地。

根据前文“A 10-year-old American girl, Selah Schneiter spent five days climbing El Capitan with the help of her father and a family friend and reached the top of the sheer rock on June 12, 2019.”可知一个10岁的小女孩只用了5天就完成了登顶，这与熟练登山者通常要花费4到5天行程了对比，结合选项，故选B项。

【2】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：她可能被证实是攀登世界上最具挑战性的山峰之一的最年轻的人。

A. elected选举；B. chosen 选择；C. confirmed证实；D. ensured使确信。

根据前文这个10岁的小女孩只用了5天就完成一个熟练登山者4到5天才能完成的任务，这是一个非常令人震惊的成绩，她可能被证实是攀登世界上最具挑战性的山峰之一的最年轻的人。

故选C项。

【3】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：她可能是攀登世界上最具挑战性的山峰之一的最年轻的人。

A. challenging 具有挑战性的；B. appealing 吸引人的；C. endangered 濒危的；D. horrible可怕的。

根据下文“And she spent nine months preparing ___7___ and mentally.”可知Selah为了这次登山很早就开始做准备，可知这座山并不是很好爬的，很有挑战性。

故选A项。

【4】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：Selah说：爬到顶峰真的很令人激动。

A. embarrassing 令人尴尬的；B. thrilling令人激动的；C. amusing 有趣的、好玩的；D. annoying令人厌烦的。

根据下文“Selah has been climbing since she could ___6___ and had been asking her parents for years to climb El Capitan. And she spent nine months preparing ___7___ and mentally.”的可知Selah很早就开始为这次登山做准备，付出了很多努力，所以当她成功登顶时，心情应该激动和兴奋的，结合选项，故选B项。

【5】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：她补充道：我也有点伤心，因为登山就这样结束了。

A. repeated重复；B. explained 解释；C. added增加、补充说；D. reported报道。

根据上文“Reaching the top “was really ___4___ ,”Selah said.”可知Selah先说到达山顶令人很激动，““I was also kind of sad because it was over,””这句是她补充另外一句，结合选项，故选C项。

【6】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：自从Selah开始记事起，她就开始爬山。

A. speak 说；B. write 写；C. remember 记得；D. count数数。

根据下文“had been asking her parents for years to climb El Capitan一直央求她的父母要去爬El Capitan.”可知小女孩已经懂事了，知道自己要做的事情是什么，自从Selah开始记事起，她就开始爬山。

故选C 项。

【7】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：她花费9个月的时间进行身体和心理上的准备。

A. busily 忙碌地；B. carefully 仔细地；C. hurriedly 匆忙地；
D. physically身体上地。

根据空格后“and mentally.”可知空格处所的词与mentally（精神上地）是并列关系，故选D项。

.
【8】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：Selah.说：“小口咬，”A.steps脚步、步骤；B. mouths 嘴巴；C. spoons 勺子；D. bites咬、一口。

根据前文“Our big motto was ‘How do you eat an elephant?’”我们的格言是“如何吃掉一个大象”，这里指如何实现一个巨大的目标，Selah.说“小口咬”指的是完成大目标先从小处着手，eat与bite相呼应，故选D项。

【9】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：她唯一担心的事情是可能遇见大风暴，因为这意味着着她不得不下山。

A. wildfire 野火；B. storm 风暴；C. drought 干旱；D. flood洪水。

根据常识可知，爬上可能会遇到大风暴。

故选B项。

【10】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：她的母亲待在家里，关注着每日有关登EI Capitan进展的消息。

A. newspapers 报纸；B. donations 捐赠；
C. updates 更新
D. treatment 对待、治疗。

根据下文“I was worried she would ___12___ serious injury,”she said. “But by day four I knew they
would ___1”可知母亲在家非常担心，时刻关注着最新消息，故选C 项。

【11】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：她知道如果有任何安全方面的顾虑，她丈夫就会回来的。

A. concerns 担忧；B. checks 支票；C. records 记录、唱片；D. equipment 设备。

根据She knew her husband would turn back 可知，她知道如果有任何安全方面的顾虑，她丈夫就会回来的。

故选A项。

【12】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我担心她有受重伤的风险。

A. treat 对待、治疗；B. repair修理；C. avoid 避免；D. risk 冒险。

根据下文“But by day four I knew they would ___13___ .”中的But（表示转折或跟前文意思相反）可知，作者母亲担心她有受重伤的风险。

故选D项。

【13】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：但是第四天的时候，我知道他们完成了目标。

A. pass 通过；B. fail 失败；C. finish 完成D. end结束。

根据前文所叙述的10岁小女孩成功登顶世界最高峰之一可知，他们完成了目标。

故选C项。

【14】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我真的为她而感到骄傲。

A. shamed 害羞的；B. afraid 害怕的；C. fond 喜欢的；D. proud骄傲的。

根据文章描述的10岁小女孩成功登顶世界最高峰之一的这件事以及她的母
亲由担心到见证女儿的成功，可知母亲对女儿感到骄傲，故选D项。

【15】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：她的坚持不懈让我感到吃惊。

A. intelligence 机智；B. ambition雄心；C. perseverance坚持不懈 D. contribution 贡献。

根据前文“Selah Schneiter spent five days climbing El Capitan”和“Selah has been climbing since she could ___6___ and had been asking her parents for years to climb El Capitan. And she spent nine months preparing ___7___ and mentally.”可知这个小女孩在进行了长期充分的准备之后，最终又花费5天的时间才爬到了山顶，这是一种持之以恒、坚持不懈的精神，故选C项。

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Researchers in Hong Kong demonstrated that when nursing home patients enjoyed jokes, funny books and videos, and silly singing and dancing【1】a weekly basis, their awareness of pain and loneliness decreased【2】(significant). They also felt happier and more satisfied with life.
Many studies 【3】(conduct) to prove that laughter can cause increased blood flow, lower blood sugar levels, and better sleep. You don’t have to write a joke to obtain the benefits. Merely experiencing humour will do 【4】trick.
But there might be an even stronger reason that a sense of humour
is born into the human body. Not only does humour make us smarter and healthier,【5】it may also make us more attractive to others. Because creating and appreciating jokes both require 【6】(we) to make connections between many separate pieces of information, 【7】(have) a sense of humour shows that we have a wide knowledge and that we know how to think about it in new ways.
Humour has several unique powers. It forces people 【8】(consider) in different ways. It promotes the 【9】(communicate) among people. It brings people together. It reduces the pain 【10】(connect) with life’s difficulties. It exercises your brain. And it makes you cheer up.
Finding time in your day for a joke or two is no laughing matter. To start laughing, check out the funniest jokes of all time.
【答案】
【1】on
【2】significantly
【3】have been conducted/ are conducted
【4】the
【5】but
【6】us
【7】having
【8】to consider
【9】communication
【10】connected
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

香港的研究人员证明享受笑话、有趣的书和视频会使痛苦和孤独意识显著下降，能促进血液流动、降低血糖水平和改善睡眠，并能促进了人们之间的交流。

【1】
考查固定词组。

句意：香港的研究人员证明，当疗养院的病人每周享受笑话、有趣的书和视频，以及傻乎乎的唱歌和跳舞时，他们的痛苦和孤独意识显著下降。

固定词组：on a basis在一个基础上。

此处指“在每周”。

故填on。

【2】
考查副词。

句意：香港的研究人员证明，当疗养院的病人每周享受笑话、有趣的书和视频，以及傻乎乎的唱歌和跳舞时，他们的痛苦和孤独意识显著下降。

此处decreased是动词，由副词修饰，故填significantly。

【3】
考查现在完成时态或一般现在时态的被动语态和主谓一致。

句意：很多研究都证明了笑能促进血液流动、降低血糖水平和改善睡眠。

此处句子主语studies是名词复数，和谓语动词conduct之间是被动关系，且这里指到现在已经完成的事情或指一个客观事实，所以句子用现在完成时态或一般现在时态的被动语态，故填have been conducted/ are conducted。

【4】
考查定冠词the。

句意：仅仅体验一下幽默就可以了。

固定搭配：do the trick获得成功。

故填the。

【5】
考查固定搭配。

句意：幽默不仅能使我们更聪明、更健康，还能使我们对别人更有吸引力。

固定搭配：not only…but （also）“不但……而且”。

故填but。

【6】
考查人称代词宾格。

句意：因为创造和欣赏笑话都需要我们在许多不同的信息之间建立联系，有幽默感表明我们有广泛的知识，我们知道如何用新的方式思考。

此处require是动词，后面用人称代词宾格作宾语，故填us。

【7】
考查动名词作主语。

句意：因为创造和欣赏笑话都需要我们在许多不同的信息之间建立联系，有幽默感表明我们有广泛的知识，我们知道如何用新的方式思考。

此处是含Because引导的原因状语从句的复合句，其中主句没有主语，是动名词作主语，故填having。

【8】
考查固定搭配。

句意：它迫使人们从不同的角度来考虑问题。

固定搭配：force sb. to do sth.“强迫某人做某事”。

此处是动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to consider.
【9】
考查名词作宾语。

句意：它促进了人们之间的交流。

句中promotes 是动词，再根据定冠词the可知，这里用名词作宾语，所给词communicate是动词，其名词是communication。

故填communication。

【10】
考查过去分词作后置定语。

句意：它减少了与生活困难有关的痛苦。

固定搭配：connect…with“把……和……连在一起”。

此处pain 和connect之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语，故填connected。

书面表达
假定你是振华中学学生会主席李华。

你校下周将举办“创新周”活动（Week of Innovation)。

你给Professor Smith写一封电子邮件，邀请他在线做一个相关内容的讲座。

内容包括：
1．邀请理由；
2．讲座的时间、时长和内容；
3．期待回复。

注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头已为你写好。

Dear Professor Smith,
I’m writing on behalf of the Students’Union of Zhenhua High School.
_______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Professor Smith,
I’m writing on behalf of the Students’Union of Zhenhua High School. We sincerely invite you to deliver us a lecture online at the Week of Innovation in our school.
As an expert in innovation, you have deeply impressed us with your creative inventions, which have made a big difference to our life. I wonder if you can spare half an hour from your tight schedule to share your insight about innovation with us. If so, will it be suitable for you to make it on the afternoon of July 22, from 3 pm. to 5 pm.? It would really be a great honour for us to enjoy your lecture.
We do hope you can accept our invitation. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封邮件。

第一步：
审题：邮件邀请Professor Smith在线做一个讲座
人称：第一、二人称
时态：一般现在时
结构：总分法，分三部分，第一部分说明写邮件目的，第二部分说明邀请Professor Smith做讲座的理由,讲座的时间、时长和内容，第三部分期待接受邀请，并尽早回复。

要点：
1. 说明写邮件目的：邀请Professor Smith在线做一个讲座
2. 说明邀请Professor Smith做讲座的理由；讲座的时间、时长和内容
①邀请Professor Smith做讲座的理由：他的发明给我们留下了深刻印象
②讲座的内容：和我们分享对创新的见解
③讲座的时间、时长：7月22日下午，3点——5点
3. 期待接受邀请，并尽早回复
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语）
on behalf of；invite sb. to do…；deliver a lecture；an expert in；impress sb. with …；creative invention；make a big difference to；spare half an hour；tight schedule；share…with sb.；be suitable for sb. to do…；make it；a great honour；accept the invitation
第三步：连词成句
(1)I’m writing on behalf of the Students’Union of Zhenhua High School.
(2)We sincerely invite you to deliver us a lecture online at the Week of Innovation in our school.
(3) You have deeply impressed us with your creative inventions.
(4) Your creative inventions have made a big difference to our life.
(5) You can spare half an hour from your tight schedule to share your insight about innovation with us.
(6) If you can spare half an hour, will it be suitable for you to make it on the afternoon of July 22, from 3 pm. to 5 pm.?
(7)It would really be a great honour for us to enjoy your lecture.
(8)We hope you can accept our invitation.
根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句，适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。

第四步：连句成篇(衔接词、亮点词汇)
将第二个句子作定语从句，连接下面两个句子
(3) You have deeply impressed us with your creative inventions.
(4) Your creative inventions have made a big difference to our life.
→You have deeply impressed us with your creative inventions, which have made a big difference to our life.
为避免重复，用if so 连接下面连个句子
(5) I wonder if you can spare half an hour from your tight schedule
to share your insight about innovation with us.
(6) If you can spare half an hour, will it be suitable for you to make it on the afternoon of July 22?
→I wonder if you can spare half an hour from your tight schedule to share your insight about innovation with us. If so, will it be suitable for you to make it on the afternoon of July 22?
强调谓语动词hope，以增加表达的感情色彩
(8)We hope you can accept our invitation.
→We do hope you can accept our invitation.
适当地运用高级词汇、复杂句式提升文章的档次，增加文章的可读性。

书面表达
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

续写的词数应为150左右。

It was a bright summer’s day. The weather was pleasant, but the wind from the Sahara desert made it extremely hot and wet. A ship stopped off the coast of Africa. The seagulls were circling overhead and crying loudly. In the distance, several dolphins were jumping out of the water at times to create a big white wave.
Just before sunset, the captain came on deck and called out, “Time for a swim.”
Immediately sailors jumped into the water, lowered a canvas mat
(帆布垫子) and made it into a swimming pool. They had been waiting for this moment the whole day.
There were two young boys on the ship. They both jumped in, but swam out into the open sea since it was too crowded inside the “pool”. They played and chased (追逐) each other in the open sea. Their fathers cheered them on, often urging one of the boys to prove his bravery over the other.
Suddenly, something gray from a distance was coming closer and closer. Somebody from the deck called out, “Shark! Shark!”The fin was moving faster. Confusion and panic arose, and everyone climbed to safety. Everyone, except the two boys. They had not heard the shouts.
The shark was moving towards the boys.
The captain shouted, “Come back my boys! There is a shark out there!”One of the boys was his son. For the first time in his life, he didn’t know what to do. He could not think clearly. The captain’s face became as white as a sheet. He could feel his legs were shaking so badly that he nearly fell to the ground.
The people on the deck screamed wildly. But the boys could not hear them. They continued to play and to swim, unaware of the danger approaching them fast. Some sailors lowered a boat, jumped into it and attempted to row towards the boys.
Para 1: Just then, one of the boys looked back and saw the large
animal he knew too well.
Para 2: Their screams brought the captain back to his senses.
【答案】Just then, one of the boys looked back and saw the large animal he knew too well. His heart beat faster but his body froze. He screamed with fright. “Here comes the shark. Run!”The other boy spotted the shark this time. Panic seized them, and they began to swim with all their strength. But they were still hundreds of meters away from the ship. The shark was approaching nearer with its white, sharp and pointed teeth clearly seen. All the people on the deck screamed wildly again.
Their screams brought the captain back to his senses. Rushing back, he started the engine again. “Full speed”, he commanded. The ship was like an arrow, heading straight towards the shark. The engine roared deafeningly over the sea. As if frightened by the noisy ship, the shark hesitated for a second, turned around sharply and soon disappeared into the blue sea. All the people burst into cheers, applauding the captain for his quick wit. Seeing the boys rescued by the sailors, the captain cracked a big smile.
【解析】
这是一篇读后续写。

本篇书面表达是读后续写。

通过阅读所给文章可知，在一个阳光
明媚的夏日，一艘船上的人做了一个简单的“游泳池”在里面游泳，两个男孩嫌“池”里面太挤，跳进了大海游泳嬉戏。

突然有人喊道鲨鱼出现了，每个人都爬到了安全的地方，除了两个男孩。

他们没有听到喊叫声。

而鲨鱼正在朝两个男孩游过去……
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：就在那时，其中一个男孩回头一看，看到了他太熟悉的大动物。

……，所以这一段应该写这个男孩看到鲨鱼后的反应，以及两个男孩在海里面的反应，同时也要写船上的人看着这一切发生时的反应。

第二段开头是：他们的尖叫声使船长恢复了理智。

既然船长恢复了理智，本段应该详细描写船长在恢复理智之后是如何指挥船上的人将两个男孩救起来的。

续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。

最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

按要求完成写作任务。