主谓一致三原则

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• 二、功能与用法
• 在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时,要遵 循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和 就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的 从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形 式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复 数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义 一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致 问题。有时,主语形式为单数,但意义为 复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数 形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称 和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。
• 1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的 主语在数上一致.如: • 2. 用连词or, either... or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词 与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 • 注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引 导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。 The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为 单数。
• 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个 人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则 用复数. 如: • The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作 家来了.(一个人) • A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和 锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) • 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个 整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等做主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
(二)意义一致原则
• 有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、 复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的 一致关系就是意义一致。例如: • Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. • A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. • Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. • The United States is a developed country. • It is the remains of a ruined palace. • The archives was lost. • This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
(三)就近就前一致原则
• (1)就近一致原则 • 有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠 近它的词语。 • 例如: • Either my grandsons or their father is coming. • No one except his daughters agree with him. • Mary and her sisters are baking a cake. • Neither Richard nor I am going.
三、概述 (一)语法一致原则
• 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数 形式上的一致,就是语法一致。也就是说,如果名 词中心词是单数,动词用单数形式;如果名词中心 词是复数,动词用复数形式。例如: • This table is a genuine antique. • Both parties have their own advantages. • Her job has something to do with computers. • She wants to go home. • They are divorcing each other. • Mary was watching herself in the mirror. • The bird built a nest. • Susan comes home every week-end.
• 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), includ谓语动词仍用单数. • 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水 都是物质. • No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用 餐。
(2)就前一致原则
• 1.主语后跟with,together with,along with,but,except,besides,as well as, rather than,including,no less than,as much as等短语时,谓语应与前面的主语保 持一致。 • 2.动名词、不定式或从句做主语时,谓语 动词用单数。 • 3.确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语。
除了两个仆人外没有一个人迟来用用and连接的并列主语如果主语是同一个人同一事同一概念谓语动词用单数否则用复数
主谓一致三原则
一、定义 主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement), 指“人称”和”数方面的一致关系 “一致”是指句子之间或词语之间在 人称、数、性等方面保持的协调关系。 在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与 谓语动词之间数的一致。谓语动词的 数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就 叫主谓一致。
• 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数 代词+each, 谓语动词用复数.如: • Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人 都有话要说。
• 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍 用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主 语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: • Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多 男生都喜欢打篮球. • More than one student was late. 不只一 个学生迟到 • More persons than one come to help us. 不止 一个人来帮助我们。
• 5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: • The British police have only very limited powers. • (2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等. • (3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如: • The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员 会决定解雇他。 • 6. “the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 做主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如: • The injured were saved after the fire.
• 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰 时, 谓语动词用单数. • Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. • No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. • Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
• 2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等做主语时, 谓语动词的单 复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: • A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书 已运到。 • A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个 苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。 • 3. 加减乘除用单数.如: • Fifteen minus five is ten. 15减去5等于10。 • 4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽 管是复数形式, 它们作为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语 动词用单数.如: • Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距 离。
• 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可 用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作 单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: • None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 • None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我 着急。
• 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: • His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: • A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 • 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名 称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书 名如: Arabian Nights <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等做主语时, 谓语动词 用单数。
• 10. “a +名词+and a half”, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等做主 语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: • Only one and a half apples is left on the table. • 注意: one or two + 复数名词做主语, 谓语动 词用复数形式, 如: • One or two places have been visited. 参观了 一两个地点。
• 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句做主 语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: • Serving the people is my great happiness. • 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. • When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided. • 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
• 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及 “分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词 单复数取决于连用的名词.如: • The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩 下的自行车今天出售。 • 60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这 个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。 • Most of the apples were rotten. 大部 分的苹果都是烂的。 • Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹 果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
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