北京市海淀区高三英语二模试题(含解析)

北京市海淀区2022届高三英语二模试题（含解析）
本试卷共10页，120分。

考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)
第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

During my childhood, whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I would climb the mountain near our house. Walking together, we had a lot of conversations through ___1___ I learned many valuable lessons. He always stressed to me, “You should have objectives and capacity like the mountain.This has ___2___ (large) influenced my life. ___3___ the mountain-climbing, we couldn't have had enough time to spend together because my father was busy.
【答案】1. which
2. largely
3. Without
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。

短文叙述了作者在童年时期，总会和父亲一起爬上，路上进行交谈，从与父亲的交谈中，作者学到了很多有价值的东西。

这极大地影响了作者的生活。

【1题详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：一起散步时，我们交谈了很多内容，我从中学到了很多有价值的东西。

分析句子可知，conversations为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作介词through的宾语，所以关系代词为which。

“介词+关系代词”中关系代词不用that。

故填which。

【2题详解】
考查副词。

句意：这极大地影响了我的生活。

副词largely修饰动词influenced。

故填largely。

【3题详解】
考查介词。

句意：没有爬山，我们不可能有足够的时间在一起，因为我的父亲很忙。

根据句意以及句子结构可知，空处填Without，本句为含蓄虚拟语气，有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些词或短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果……将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句。

故填Without。

【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。

(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。

分析小题1的句子可知，conversations为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作which的宾语，所以关系代词为which。

“介词+关系代词”中关系代词不用that。

故填which。

B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

You have probably dreamed about ___4___ you would change the world, only to find that it seems impossible. However, you may have the power ___5___ (make) the world better with steps by steps. That’s the idea behind the BA Challenge, which is a public service campaign co-initiated by Alibaba and Sina Weibo. It asks people to do something positive and then record the changes before and after. Since its first ___6___ (appear) on Sina Weibo on Sept. 2nd, the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants. ___7___ these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives, they are well received by many viewers.
【答案】4. how 5. to make
6. appearance
7. Though/Although/While
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了BA挑战的内容以及它的积极影响。

【4题详解】
考查名词性从句。

句意：你可能曾梦想过你将如何改变世界，却发现这似乎是不可能。

分析句子，划线前后有主谓，故该空需填引导词连接两个句子。

从句放在介词后，后面的从句为宾语从句。

从句部分有主语“you”和宾语“the world”，且句中缺“如何”之意。

故填how。

【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：然而，你可能有能力让世界变得更好，一步一个脚印。

分析句子，该句已有动词“may have”故该空需填非谓语。

动词不定式做后置定语。

故填to make。

【6题详解】
考查名词。

句意：自9月2日在新浪微博上首次亮相以来，BA挑战赛吸引了数百万观众和参与者。

分析句意，appear（出现）是动词。

不能被its修饰。

its是形容词性物主代词，后面要修饰名词。

故填appearance。

【7题详解】
考查连词。

句意：虽然这些小东西在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视，但它们却受到了很多观众的欢迎。

分析句意，前半句在讲“这些小事情容易被忽略”。

而后半句在讲“小事情受到观众欢迎”。

前后两句表示让步。

故填Though/Although/While。

C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

There's nothing better than flying to a foreign destination to visit the attractions it___8___ (have) to offer. Millions of people are doing the same, and why not? The world has an amazing variety of must-see sights, from breathtaking natural scenery to impressive old cities. But the problem is that too many of us ___9___ (visit) them at the same time, putting pressure on these delicate and ancient places. That's why a number of beauty spots and historic sites have been introducing charges or restrictions on the number of tourists. There are many reasons for this: to reduce overcrowding, to manage wear and tear on old buildings and to tidy up the mess ___10___ (leave) behind.
【答案】8. has 9. are visiting
10. left
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

短文介绍了世界上有很多值得一看的景观，从令人惊叹的自然风光到令人印象深刻的古老文化。

但大量的游客，给这些脆弱而古老的地方带来了压力，所以一些旅游景点和历史景点对游客数量实行限制或者收费。

【8题详解】
考查时态。

句意：没有什么比乘飞机到外国目的地去参观那里的名胜更好的了。

结合句意可知，本句为一般现在时，定语从句的主语为it，所以谓语动词为has。

故填has。

【9题详解】考查时态。

句意：但问题是我们太多人同时参观它们，给这些脆弱而古老的地方带来了压力。

结合句意，本句为现在进行时。

主语为too many of us，所以谓语为 are visiting。

故填are visiting。

【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。

分析句子可知，the mess与空处所填词在逻辑上是被动关系，所以此处填leave的过去分词。

故填left。

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项
涂黑。

How Running Helped Me Turn My Life Around
I've never been an athlete. Aside from excelling at all academic disciplines at school, my main goal was to ___11___ PE at all costs. In my twenties, I went for an occasional yoga or Zumba class, but that was really the summary of all my athletic accomplishments.
That was until the end of 202X, when I was unexpectedly laid off. The ___12___ of getting a new job soon were not in my favor and ___13___ thoughts of not being good enough started to kick in.
I was feeling quite depressed but pushed myself to go and ___14___ for the TCS NYC Marathon runners as the course was going through our neighborhood.
However, while being there, I got phenomenal ___15___ from all the runners, smiling, applauding and high-fiving constantly. Not a runner myself, I thought maybe I could give running a ___16___, just to try, to use my neglected gym membership and see where it ___17___ me. And so I tried. I went to my local gym the next morning and got on a treadmill （跑步机）.I was out of breath by minute five, but I ___18___ down, walked for a bit and then restarted. I came back the next day, hoping to ___19___ a few minutes longer. By the end of two weeks, I could run for 30 minutes, which was a huge ____20____.
While I saw my body starting to look more toned, I also noticed my negative thoughts didn't occur that ____21____ And it sparked a thought—what if I could set a running ____22____ and sign up for my first- ever race? I did and races sort of became a new hobby.
In the meantime, I was able to ____23____ a few freelance （自由职业的）projects. They offered me a good ____24____, and, most importantly, the time to work out for the big race. Also, when I was going for interviews, I started to feel very ____25____ in my abilities, experience and skills.
I got my full-time job ____26____ at my dream company just a couple of weeks before the halfmarathon.
Although I got an ____27____ from overtraining right before the race, I still went for it and still finished within my ____28____ time.
I still have a long running ____29____ ahead of me—I'd love to work on my speed, my technique and I dream of running a marathon outside of the US. Running gives me ____30____ that I can do anything
I set my mind to.
11. A. attend B. avoid C. pursue D. postpone
12. A. options B. plans C. hopes D. odds
13. A. dark B. deep C. critical D. random
14. A. call B. look C. cheer D. stand
15. A. sympathy B. pleasure C. luck D. energy
16. A. lift B. shot C. break D. choice
17. A. meets B. leaves C. takes D. drops
18. A. came B. fell C. went D. slowed
19. A. last B. walk C. rest D. function
20. A. credit B. impact C. success D. opportunity
21. A. readily B. frequently C. normally D. occasionally
22. A. goal B. limit C. record D. standard
23. A. create B. secure C. approve D. continue
24. A. service B. position C. future D. income
25. A. absorbed B. interested C. confident D. confused
26. A. offer B. permit C. schedule D. application
27. A. award B. honor C. injury D. issue
28. A. appointed B. expected C. original D. spare
29 A. show B. route C. distance D. journey
30. A. faith B. consideration C. evidence D. guidance
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C 21.
B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25.
C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29.
D 30. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

短文叙述了跑步是如何在作者失业时改变作者生活的故事。

【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：除了在学校里各科成绩优异之外，我的主要目标是不惜一切代价避免体育课。

A. attend参加；B. avoid 避免；C. pursue 追求；D. postpone 延期。

根据前文“I've never been an athlete.”可知，作者不是一个喜欢运动的人，所以在学校主要目标是不惜一切代价避免体育课。

故选B项。

【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：很快找到一份新工作的可能性对我来说并不有利，而且我开始产生一种不太好的想法。

A. options 观点；B. plans 计划；C. hopes 希望；D. odds(事物发生的)可能性。

根据上文“when I was unexpectedly laid off.”可知，作者被解雇，作者并没有预料到，所以找到新工作的可能性对作者来说并不有利。

故选D项。

【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：很快找到一份新工作的可能性对我来说并不有利，而且我开始产生一种悲观的想法。

A. dark 悲观的；B. deep 深的；C. critical 关键的；D. random随意的。

根据下文“I was feeling quite depressed”可知，作者失业且很快就找到新工作的可能性对作者来说并不有利，这都使作者产生了悲观的想法。

故选A项。

【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我感到非常沮丧，但我强迫自己去为TCS纽约马拉松运动员加油，因为赛道经过我们的社区。

A. call 呼叫；B. look看；C. cheer欢呼；D. stand站立。

根据“TCS NYC Marathon”可知，作者作为一名观众，强迫自己去为TCS纽约马拉松运动员加油。

故选C项。

【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：然而，在那里，我从所有跑步者那里获得了非凡的能量，他们不断地微笑、鼓掌和击掌。

A. sympathy同情；B. pleasure 快乐；C. luck 幸运；D. energy能量。

根据“smiling, applauding and high-fiving constantly”可知，不断地微笑、鼓掌和击掌,这都是获得了能量的表现。

故选D项。

【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我自己不是跑步者，我想也许我可以试试跑步，只是试试，利用我被忽视的健身房会员资格，看看它能带我去哪里。

A. lift 电梯；B. shot尝试；C. break 脱逃；D. choice选择。

根据“just to try”可知，作者想试试跑步。

try与shot为同义词。

故选B项。

【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我自己也不是跑步者，我想也许我可以试试跑步，只是试试，利用我被忽视的健身房会员资格，看看它能带我去哪里。

A. meets会面；B. leaves离开；C. takes带去；D. drops掉落。

作者想尝试跑步，看看锻炼能给作者带来什么，会把作者带到生活中的哪个阶段。

故选C项。

【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：第五分钟时我已经上气不接下气了，但我放慢了速度，走了一会儿，然后重新开始。

A. came来；
B. fell 到下；
C. went走；
D. slowed放慢。

根据“walked for a bit”可知，作者放慢了速度。

故选D项。

【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：第二天我又来了，希望能多持续几分钟。

A. last持续； B. walk 走；C. rest 休息；D. function起作用。

上文说第五分钟时作者上气不接下气了，停了一会，所以这次来了，希望自己多可以多持续几分钟。

故选A项。

【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：两周后，我可以跑30分钟，这是一个巨大的成功。

A. credit 信用；B. impact 影响；C. success 成功；D. opportunity 机会。

根据“I could run for 30 minutes”可知，作者两周后，可以跑30分钟，比两周前取得了很大的进步，所以这是一个巨大的成功。

故选C项。

【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：当我看到我的身体开始变得更加健壮的时候，我也注意到我的消极想法并没有那么频繁地出现，它使我有了个想法：倘若我能设定一个跑步目标，并报名参加我的第一场比赛，会怎样呢？A. readily 准备就绪地；B. frequently频繁地；C. normally 正常地；D. occasionally偶尔地。

上文说到作者产生了悲观的想法且感到抑郁。

作者经过一段时间的锻炼，消极想法并没有那么频繁地出现了。

故选B 项。

【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：当我看到我的身体开始变得更加健壮的时候，我也注意到我的消极想法并没有那么频繁地出现，它使我有了个想法：倘若我能设定一个跑步目标，并报名参加我的第一场比赛，会怎样呢？A. goal 目标；B. limit 限制；C. record 记录；D. standard标准。

作者经过一段时间的锻炼，决定为自己设定目标，set a goal“设定目标”。

故选A项。

【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：同时，我还获得了一些自由职业者的项目。

A. create创造；B. secure获得；C. approve 同意； D. continue继续。

根据“They offered”可知，作者获得了一些自由职业者的项目。

故选B项。

【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：他们给了我一份不错的收入，而且，最重要的是，我有时间为这场大赛锻炼身体。

A. service服务；
B. position 职位；
C. future 将来；
D.income收入。

根据常识可知，作者获得了一些自由职业者的项目，所以会得到一份收入。

故选D项。

【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：而且，当我去面试的时候，我开始对自己的能力、经验和技能感到非常自信。

A. absorbed专注的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. confident 自信的；D. confused困惑的。

作者在面试时，开始对自己的能力、经验和技能感到非常自信。

这是跑步给作者带来了积极的影响。

故选C项。

【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：就在半程马拉松比赛开始前几周，我得到了梦寐以求的公司提供的全职工作机会。

A. offer 提供；
B. permit 允许；
C. schedule 日程表；
D. application申请。

根据“at my dream company”可知，作者得到了梦寐以求的公司提供的的全职工作机会。

故选A项。

【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：虽然我在比赛前因为过度训练而受伤，但我还是坚持了下来，并且在我预期的时间内完成了比赛。

A. award奖品；B. honor 荣誉；C. injury 伤害；D. issue问题。

根据“overtraining right before the race”可知，作者在比赛前因为过度训练而受伤。

故选C项。

【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：虽然我在比赛前因为过度训练而受伤，但我还是坚持了下来，并且在我预期的时间内完成了比赛。

A. appointed指定的；B. expected期望的； C. original 原始的；D. spare空闲的。

根据“I still went for it and still finished”可知，作者在预期的时间内完成了比赛。

故选B项。

【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我还有一段漫长的跑步之旅要走—我喜欢提高我的速度和技术，我梦想在美国以外的地方跑一场马拉松。

A. show 展示；B. route 路线；C. distance 距离；D. journey旅行。

人生有很多的旅程，而对于作者来说，作者还有一段漫长的跑步之旅要走。

故选D项。

【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：跑步给了我信心，我可以做任何我决心做的事情。

A. faith信心；B. consideration 考虑；C. evidence 证据；D. guidance指导。

根据上文“I started to feel very confident”以及下文“I can do anything I set my mind to”可知，跑步给了作者信心。

故选A项。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A
You may have seen the term"bullet journal" floating around online, but what exactly is a bullet journal? This article will highlight the uses for a bullet journal and why they're great for people who wish to be more organized.
What is a bullet journal?
A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations.
What does it help with?
A bullet journal is perfect for people who like writing lists to keep themselves organized. They're great for doing as a hobby and you can get creative with the way you present your lists. They're also perfect for people who constantly write down to-do lists or make hand-written notes.
Why is it important?
A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier. Having your life in order, you will know exacdy what you have to do every day so that you can remember all of your life goals.
How to create a bullet journal?
The instructions will help you embark on your bullet journal.
Step 1. Find or buy a blank notebook
Any notebook with blank pages will do because if you are someone who is creative and artistic, you can decorate the notebook any way you like.
Step 2. Find or buy pens
It's best to start off simple and choose a pen that you find easy to use and that you would feel comfortable writing with every day.
Step 3. Monthlies
In this section, you can put a list of important dates for that particular month.
Step 4. Dailies and Weeklies
Put all of your daily or weekly tasks in this section so that you don't forget anything that you have to do during that day or week.
Step 5. Life Goals
Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on.
Now start your bullet journal!
31. Bullet journals are intended for those who hope to _______. A. keep life in order B. lead a relaxing life
C. highlight their progress
D. reduce their workload
32. Keeping bullet journals helps people _______.
A. develop artistic taste
B. get rid of stress
C. build a better mood
D. give up a hobby
33. Which of the following is most likely to be included in a bullet journal?
A. Weekly expenses.
B Appointments with a dentist.
C. Weather forecasts.
D. Passwords to your computer.
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

这篇文章将强调子弹日记的用途，以及为什么它对那些希望更有条理的人很有用。

【31题详解】
推理判断题。

根据What is a bullet journal?中A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations.“项目日志是一种计划系统，它可以让你计划未来，跟踪过去，让你的生活井然有序。

这是一个让你创建清晰而简单的任务清单的地方，也是一个记录你的生活目标和愿望的地方。

”由此可知，Bullet日记是为那些希望生活有秩序的人准备的。

故选A。

【32题详解】
细节理解题。

根据Why is it important?中的A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier.“一个Bullet日记很重要，因为当我们的生活井然有序时，我们都会感觉更好。

井井有条可以减少压力，让你更快乐。

”由此可知，坚持写Bullet日记可以帮助人们建立一个更好的心情。

故选C。

【33题详解】
推理判断题。

根据Step 5. Life Goals中Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on.“保留生活目标部分。

这可以包括不同的目标集合，比如职业、人际关系、你想去的地方等等。

”由此可知，与牙医的约会最有可能包含在Bullet日记里。

故选B。

B
Stuttering （口吃）has nothing to do with intelligence. I know this because I stutter. If it takes me a while longer to say a word, it's not because I can't remember the word; it's because the neural(神经的） pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently. And differences, of course, are the best way to get negative attention in our society. Taking extra time to get my words out can surely be frustrating, but that's nothing compared to the misery of dealing with people's reactions.
Almost all children who stutter are discouraged from speaking in one way or another. It's usually not as direct as someone walking up to them and saying, “Hey, stuttering kid! Keep your mouth shut!” But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging.
Growing up, I learned to avoid speaking whenever possible. I hated what came out of my mouth, full of awkward breaks and pauses. I figured whatever future I had, it probably involved a vow of silence.
Today Fm a touring author and comedian. It took me 30-something years to get over stuttering. Did I stop stuttering? No! I couldn't stop if I wanted to. But I stopped wanting to stop. Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it's OK to stutter. And I learned by example. I attended the National Stuttering Association conference and met all kinds of people who stutter—people who didn't hate themselves, who didn't silence themselves. They stuttered, and they were OK with it! I remember watching them and thinking, "That's who I want to be!"
There's a popular saying in comedy: "Your weakness is your strength." When I first entered my local open-mic scene, I was quickly met with some "smart" guys looking to score a cheap laugh at my expense. I remember introducing myself to one comedian and stuttering on my name, as I usually do. Eager to demonstrate his smartness, he replied, "Is that Nina with five Ns?" "No," I said, "it's Nina with two Ns!" Just like that, I had created a joke as the result of someone making fiin of my stutter.
To this day, whenever I need inspiration for a new joke, I just think about all the ridiculous comments I get from non-stuttering people. It's a comedy gold mine!
34. It takes the author longer to say a word because she has _______. A. a comparatively low IQ B. trouble in organizing ideas
C. a relatively small brain
D. problems in her neural system
35. What annoys the author most about her stuttering is _______.
A. the unfriendly reactions of others
B. the difficulty in memorising words
C. her unpromising future as a stutterer
D. her embarrassing pauses during talks
36. The author got over stuttering by _______.
A. adjusting her attitude towards it
B. getting help from non-stutterers
C. telling herself constantly to stop it
D. silencing herself whenever possible
37. Paragraph 5 is mainly about the author's _______.
A. success as a comedian
B. respect for other comedians
C. resistance to others' strength
D. acceptance of her imperfection
【答案】34. D 35. A 36. A 37. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

文章主要讲述作者花了30多年克服了口吃的毛病，并成为一名巡回演出的作家和喜剧演员。

作者认为克服口吃最重要的是，改变对口吃的态度并接受自己的不完美。

【34题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第一段“it's because the neural(神经的）pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently.(这是因为将我大脑中的文字转换成嘴里的声音的神经通路是不同的。

)”可知，因为她的神经系统有问题，所以作者说一个字要花更长的时间。

故选D。

【35题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章第二段“But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging. (但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。

)”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应。

故选A。

【36题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章第三段和特别是第四段“Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it's OK to stutter.( 我并没有浪费时间和精力去达到无法达到的标准，我意识到了口吃是没关系的。

)”可推断出，作者从尽量避免说话到克服了口吃的毛病，是因为作者通过调整自己的态度克服了口吃。

故选A。

【37题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章第五段首句“There's a popular saying in comedy: "Your weakness is your strength." (在喜剧中有一句流行的谚语：“你的弱点就是你的长处。

”)”和后文作者举自己向一位喜剧演员介绍自己的事例可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会接受自己的不完美。

故选D。

【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

如小题2根据文章第二段“But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging. (但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。

)”中带有感情色彩的词句“it's pretty discouraging”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应，从而推断出答案。

C
The ancient tale of the Country Mouse and the Town Mouse was only the first to emphasize rural folk's supposed simplicity when compared with more sophisticated urbanites. However,
neuro-scientists announce that, in fact, it is city living that can dull the wits.
The new study led by Dr. Spiers at Nantes University describes how they used a dataset from 4 million people of a computer game, which tests navigating skills by asking players to memorise a map showing the location of checkpoints and then measuring how well players can find them, guided only by their mental map. Dr. Spiers and his colleagues examined the 4 million people from 38 countries, and found that the strongest indicator of a high score was a player's age—older people performed relatively poorly, which agrees with what researchers know about age-related cognitive decline. But the benefit of rural living was strong enough to offset some of that. Data showed that a 70-year-old who grew up in the countryside had the navigational abilities of an average 60-year-old across the dataset.
There is a huge gap between the navigation skills of rural and city people, and the researchers think they know why. Dr. Spiers says that the brain's navigational abilities probably weaken in the less challenging city environment because they are not being used as much. Although cities may appear more elaborate, they also feature more clues to help residents find their way, such as numbered streets. In the countryside, however, one field tends to look much the same as another, so there are fewer external landmarks to help guide the way.
Neuroscientists already know that living and working in more complex environments can influence the function and structure of the brain. Brain scans of London taxi drivers, who have gained an encyclopedic memory of the city5 s streets, show that they tend to have an enlarged hippocampus—a region of the brain acting as a neural GPS, sensing position and path on an internal map of the environment.
The harmful effect of city living on navigation is probably most serious in people under 16—18, Dr. Spiers says, because their still-developing brains respond and change the most according to external stimuli. And while people who live in cities with young children should not be alarmed, the study does raise some interesting ideas for urban planners: keep their city designs not so simple perhaps. And for everyone else, it might be an idea to turn off maps on the phone.
38. The study led by Dr. Spiers shows that _______.
A. the seniors score higher at computer games
B. rural life benefits people's sense of direction
C. participants are better at finding ways in cities
D. the young remember checkpoints better in maps
39. The underlined word "offset", in Para. 2 most probably means _______.
A. achieve
B. confirm
C. reduce
D. replace
40. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce a new way of driver training.
B. To expose the drawbacks of living in the urban area.
C. To show the contrast between lives in the country and city.
D. To present environments' impact on one's ability to locate places.
41. What is the best tide for the passage?
A. Lost in the City
B. Brain Weakened in Cities
C. Navigating to the Countryside
D. The Negative Effects of City Living
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. D 41. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了一项研究表明，生活在乡村里的人相较于城市居民有着更好的识别方向和道路的能力。

【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段最后“But the benefit of rural living was strong enough to offset some of that. Data showed that a 70-year-old who grew up in the countryside had the navigational abilities of an average 60-year-old across the dataset.”可知，在乡下生活的会促进、提高人的方向感。

故选B项。

【39题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据划线词所在句“But the benefit of rural living was strong enough to offset some of that. Data showed that a 70-year-old who grew up in the countryside had the navigational abilities of an average 60-year-old across the dataset.”可知，前文指出识路能力与年龄相关，这里用转折则要表示“但生活在乡下足以改变、抵消这种情况”，而后在下文举出了70岁的乡下老人却有着平均60岁的识路水平，即是为了佐证这一点。

C选项reduce意为“减少”，最符合文意。

故选C项。

【40题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段最后一句“However, neuro-scientists announce that, in fact, it is city living that can dull the wits.”并结合全文内容可知，本文就是通过用一项研究的结果向读者揭示，居住环境对于大脑识路、辨别位置的能力的影响。

故选D项。

【41题详解】
主旨大意题。

文章围绕一项研究，说明了居住在城市和乡下在识路、辨别方位的能力上会出现差别，选择标题时需要与这一主题有明显关联。

B选项“大脑在城市里会变弱”所指显然太过宽泛；C选项“航行去乡下”与文章主题无关；D选项“城市生活不好的方面”也不能正确对应文章内容；只有A选项“迷失在城市中”侧面将城市居民识路能力相对较弱这层意思表达了出来，切合主题，适合作为标题。

故选A项。

D
Communities across the world are starting to ban facial recognition technologies. The efforts are well intentioned but banning facial recognition is the wrong way to fight against modern surveillance （监视）.Generally, modern mass surveillance has three broad components: identification, correlation and discrimination.
Facial recognition is a technology that can be used to identify people without their consent. Once we are identified, the data about who we are and what we are doing can be correlated with other data. This might be movement data, which can be used to "follow” us as we move throughout our day. It can be purchasing data, Internet browsing data, or data about who we talk to via email or text. It might be data about our income, ethnicity, lifestyle, profession and interests. There is an entire industry of data brokers who make a living by selling our data without our consent.
It's not just that they know who we are; it's that they correlate what they know about us to create profiles about who we are and what our interests are. The whole purpose of this process is for companies to treat individuals differently. We are shown different ads on the Internet and receive different offers for credit cards. In the future, we might be treated differently when we walk into a store, just as we currently are when we visit websites.
It doesn't matter which technology is used to identify people. What's important is that we can be consistently identified over time. We might be completely anonymous （匿名的）in a system that uses unique cookies to track us as we browse the Internet, but the same process of correlation and discrimination still occurs.
Regulating this system means addressing all three steps of the process. A ban on facial recognition won't make any difference. The problem is that we are being identified without our knowledge or consent, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.
Similarly, we need rules about how our data can be combined with other data, and then bought and sold without our knowledge or consent. The data broker industry is almost entirely unregulated now. Reasonable laws would prevent the worst of their abuses.
Finally, we need better rules about when and how it is permissible for companies to discriminate. Discrimination based on protected characteristics like race and gender is already illegal, but those rules are ineffectual against the current technologies of surveillance and control. When people can be identified and their data correlated at a speed and scale previously unseen, we need new rules.
Today, facial recognition technologies are receiving the force of the tech backlash （抵制），but focusing on them misses the point. We need to have a serious conversation about all the technologies of identification, correlation and discrimination, and decide how much we want to be spied on and what sorts of influence we want them to have over our lives.
42. According to Para. 2, with facial recognition _______.。